Abstract: The oxidation of a lubricating oil caused by metal components can be suppressed effectively by adding to the lubricating oil a compound represented by the formula ##STR1##

Abstract: Lubricants stabilized against oxidative degradation by the incorporation therein of 2,3-dihydroperimidine derivatives as well as certain 2,3-dihydroperimidines within the indicated group.

Abstract: There are described new bisguanamines of the formula ##STR1## where n is a number from 10 to 20 and their production. The bisguanamines are stabilizers for formaldehyde solutions and have outstanding qualifications and action for this purpose.

Abstract: Dibromostyrene is stabilized against unwanted polymerization by incorporating therein a stabilizing amount of a phenylene diamine such as N,N,N',N'-tetramethylphenylene-p-diamine or N,N'-diethylphenylene-p-diamine.

Abstract: A stabilizing composition consisting of substituted alpha- or beta-naphthindoles, benzoylated or not benzoylated, and combined with organic polyimines such as those of formula 1 of the formulae sheet, in which R is alkyl or dialkyl, ethoxylated alkylmercaptans with 2.varies.8 ethoxy groups and (metal) halides of barium, calcium, lithium, zinc or aluminum, have a strong thermostabilizing effect on chlorine containing thermoplastics, especially on polyvinyl chloride, both homo-M and S polymers thereof, and on polyvinylidene chloride.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon composition such as a lubricating or specialty oil containing a selected heteroaromatic nitrogen compound as an antioxidant/metal deactivator/electrical insulator having the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein each X is C or N with at least one X being N; Y is C or N; R is H or CH.sub.2 NR"'.sub.2 where each R" is H or alkyl of 1 to 20 carbons; R' is H, SR"' OR "' or NR"'.sub.2 with each R"' being H or alkyl of 1 to 20 carbons.

Abstract: Light and heat stabilizers for synthetic resin compositions and synthetic resin compositions containing such stabilizers are provided, comprising(1) at least one hindered and heterocyclic amine having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: X is a bivalent linking radical forming with the ring structure ##STR2## a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring having from five to seven ring atoms, preferably piperidine;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, preferably methyl, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together as pentylene (CH.sub.2).sub.5 ;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 taken together as one of butylene--(CH.sub.2).sub.4, pentylene--(CH.sub.2).sub.5, and CH.sub.2 --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --NH--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --;n is 1 or 2; andwhen n is 1, Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, O.degree.

Abstract: A normally liquid stabilizer for rubber or urethane resin, obtained by reacting hydroquinone with a mixture of aromatic amines of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, independently of each other, are hydrogen or C.sub.1-18 alkyl, said aromatic amine mixture containing 7-26 weight % of p-ethylaniline and 8-40 weight % of 2,4-xylidine.

Abstract: This invention relates to the reduction of THP to perhydrophenanthridines (PHA) with formic acid. This is illustrated by the following equation ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or a substituted group, such as hydrocarbon, for example alkyl, etc.; and X and Y are hydrogen or a substituted group, such as a hydrocarbon group containing a functional group, for example alkyl-X where X is a functional group such as nitrilo, carboxyl, etc. The perhydrophenanthridines of this invention are useful as corrosion inhibitors and as fuel stability additives.

Abstract: A synergistic stabilizer combination is provided for use in improving the resistance of polymers, such as olefin polymers and copolymers, to deterioration in physical properties upon exposure to heat. The stabilizer combination contains a quinoline compound, a diamine compound and a magnesium compound in correlated amounts. In addition, olefin polymer compositions such as an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer composition containing the synergistic stabilizer combination and a method for preparing the compositions are provided.

Abstract: A lubricating oil additive combination especially useful for turbine oils contains 0.05 to 1.0 parts of diisobornyldiphenylamine and 0.05 to 1.0 parts of certain dithiobenzoates.

Abstract: Liquid petroleum hydrocarbon blends having improved thermal stability at temperatures of 1000.degree. F. and higher are prepared by removing from the blends dissolved molecular oxygen and maintaining low levels of certain trace impurities in the blends. Trace impurity compounds that are maintained at low levels include: sulfur compounds classed as thiols, sulfides, disulfides and polysulfides; organic oxygen compounds classed as hydroperoxides, peroxides, paraffinic carboxylic acids, and phenols; nitrogen compounds classed as amides and alkyl-pyridines; and reactive olefins. Additional improvements in the blends can be obtained by providing them with a dibenzothiophene or a nitrogen compound classed as a paraffinic amine, carbazole or piperidine. The treated blends of this invention have substantially the same physical properties as similar blends that have not been so treated.

Abstract: Disclosed are culture media comprising a gelling agent, germicidal bleach containing a halogen, a halogen-inactivating agent to inactivate residual halogen and conventional nutrients.Also disclosed is a method for sterilizing a culture medium without autoclaving same by dissolving a gelling agent in buffered water; adding thereto a germicidal bleach containing a halogen; thereby forming a suspension; heating the suspension to boiling; adding to the stirred and heated suspension an excess of halogen-inactivating agent to neutralize residual halogen and then adding nutrients.

Abstract: Fouling of metallic surfaces contacted with petroleum oils at elevated temperatures is reduced by adding to the oil small amounts of an oil-soluble N-alkylamino-alkylbenzene sulfonate, a heterocyclic amine, and phenylhydrazine.

Abstract: A method for reducing the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate in a sulfite-containing aqueous medium is disclosed and comprises adding to the medium water-soluble polyethyleneamine having at least one secondary amine and two primary amines.

Abstract: Antioxidant compositions as described which are the reaction products of a mixture of(a) at least one compound selected from compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein each Ar is an aromatic group, and R and R.sup.1 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, oxyalkylene or --C(O)--R.sup.2 --COOH groups wherein R.sup.2 is an alkylene or alkenylene group, with the proviso that at least one of the R and R.sup.1 groups must be hydrogen or a group containing at least one substituent reactive with an epoxy group, andAr--NH--Ar--O--R.sup.3 (FORMULA II)wherein Ar is as defined above and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, or a substituted alkyl group containing at least one substituent reactive with an epoxy group, or --C(O)--R.sup.2 --COOH wherein R.sup.2 is an alkylene or alkenylene group, and(b) at least one polyepoxide having at least 2 epoxy groups per molecule.

Abstract: Liquid petroleum hydrocarbon blends having improved thermal stability at temperatures of 1000.degree. F. and higher are prepared by removing from the blends dissolved molecular oxygen and maintaining low levels of certain trace impurities in the blends. Trace impurity compounds that are maintained at low levels include: sulfur compounds classed as thiols, sulfides, disulfides and polysulfides; organic oxygen compounds classed as hydroperoxides, peroxides, paraffinic carboxylic acids, and phenols; nitrogen compounds classed as amides and alkyl-pyridines; and reactive olefins. Additional improvements in the blends can be obtained by providing them with a dibenzothiophene or a nitrogen compound classed as a paraffinic amine, carbazole or piperidine. The treated blends of this invention have substantially the same physical properties as similar blends that have not been so treated.

Abstract: New dinitriles are prepared by reacting an alpha, beta saturated nitrile with an alpha, beta unsaturated nitrile. For this preparation subzero temperatures are preferred. Higher diamines can be prepared by hydrogenating the dinitriles thus obtained, such diamines being reacted with a dicarboxylic acid or a salt, ester or chloride of such an acid to prepare polyamides having an amorphous character, i.e. transparent polyamides.

Abstract: Organic material such as lubricating oil is stabilized against oxidative degradation by addition of an alkyl aniline (e.g. 2,4,6-triethylaniline; 2-sec-butyl-6-ethylaniline), monoethyldiphenylamine and/or N-(2-amino-3-ethyl-.alpha.-methylbenzylidene)-2,6-diethylaniline or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Hydrocracked lubricating oils are effectively stabilized against deterioration caused by light by the inclusion of at least one of certain substantially aliphatic amine components. Such substantially aliphatic amine components provide outstanding inhibition relative to aromatic amine components.

Abstract: Brighteners for detergents consisting of a mixture of 4,4'-bis-(2-morpholino-4-anilino-1,3,5-triazinylamino)-stilbene-2,2'-disul fonic acid-di-Na salt and from 5 to 50% by weight, calculated on said brightener, of another brightener of the formula ##STR1## in the above formula, M is an alkali metal cation, preferably sodium, X is a group of the formula --COR.sub.2 or --SO.sub.2 R.sub.3, R.sub.2 being C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl and R.sub.3 being C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, phenyl or toluyl, Y is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, A is C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkylene, R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, or a group of the formula ##STR2## and Z is an anilino group, a chloroanilino group or a morpholino group. Said brightener mixtures are color-stable and do not show any green discoloration even after a prolonged storage in a moist atmosphere.

Abstract: Substituted high molecular weight hindered spiropiperidine compounds and polymer compositions stabilized by these compounds. The spiropiperidine compounds are prepared by reacting hindered 4-piperidinone hydrochloride with an activated benzene, such as resorcinol, in an acid medium.

Abstract: Pink discoloration in amine antioxidant and antiozonant emulsions utilized in the latex industry at high pH has been prevented or retarded by the addition of stabilizers selected from dialkylhydroxylamines or mercaptans. These stabilizers are added at a ratio of from 0.1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the age resister. In addition, a reversal of discoloration in a liquid amine antioxidant has been achieved by mixing the same type of stabilizer directly with the antioxidant.

Abstract: Hydrocracked lubricating oils are effectively stabilized against deterioration caused by light by the inclusion of at least one of certain nitrogen-containing aromatic components. Such components, e.g., dialkyl anilines, provide outstanding inhibition to sunlight deterioration.

Abstract: A process for disoxidating a gas which comprises contacting a gas being inert to hydrazines with a solution containing (A) at least one of hydrazines and (B) at least one of (i) quinones having a first half-wave potential of not more than -650 mV against a saturated calomel electrode at 25.degree. C. in acetonitrile in the case of employing 0.1 N tetraethylammonium perchlorate as an indicating electrolyte, and (ii) hydroquinones being the reduced forms of the foregoing quinones, and if desired, (C) an alkali agent. According to the process, the oxygen in a gas is removed in a high efficiency at a low cost without disadvantages such as the accumulation of nonvolatile materials and the limitation in the capacity of absorbing oxygen.

Abstract: Detrimental color changes in liquid diphenylamine age-resisters have been inhibited and/or reduced by combining with the age-resisters small amounts of a color inhibitor selected from the group consisting of trialkylol amines, glycol diesters of sulphur-containing monocarboxylic acids, and dialkyl esters of thiodicarboxylic acids in a weight ratio of color inhibitor to age-resister of from 0.25:99.75 to 5:95.

Abstract: Stabilizers for organic polymeric materials are provided, comprising a 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl carboxylic acid ester having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and O.sup.. ; R.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to new associations of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, alkoxy or hydroxy radical and R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or alkoxy radical, and of a compound of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 represents an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aralkyl radical or a radical of the formula R.sub.4 --O(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, wherein R.sub.4 represents an alkyl or phenyl radical and n is 2, 3 or 4.The associations according to the invention are stabilizers for vinyl resins.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for inhibiting or preventing the growth of microorganisms in aqueous systems wherein the growth is inhibited or prevented by the presence of an effective amount of .alpha.-bromo-.beta.-aminocrotononitrile.

Abstract: Condensation product is prepared by condensing diphenylamine and 2-octanone in the presence of acid catalyst. The product is formulated with p,p'-dioctyldiphenylamine antioxidant and incorporated in lubricants for inhibition of degradation due to oxidation and corrosion.

Abstract: Diphenylamine-formaldehyde containing N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyldiaminomethane as the principal product of reaction is obtained by:(1) In a first stage, heating together a mixture of diphenylamine and formaldehyde in a molecular ratio of from 3:1 to 1:1.5 at a temperature of up to 110.degree. C. until evolution of water is substantially complete, then in a second stage,(2) heating the resultant mixture at a temperature of from 120.degree. C. to a maximum of 140.degree. C. with exclusion of oxygen or oxidizing agents, and removing water and formaldehyde from the reaction mixture until the proportion of bis-(N,N-diphenylaminomethyl)ether present in the mixture falls to below 10% by weight.The molten reaction product is preferably converted to a solid product by pouring into a stirred, relatively cool immiscible liquid, and coating the resulting granules with a small amount of magnesium oxide or magnesium carbonate.

Abstract: The invention relates to biheterocyclic compounds which have been found to be effective ultraviolet stabilizers. The invention also relates to ultraviolet degradable organic compositions containing a stabilizing amount of the biheterocyclic composition to prevent such degradation. These stabilizers are effective in the presence of other additives commonly employed in polymeric compositions including, for example, pigments, colorants, fillers, reinforcing agents and the like. These ultraviolet stabilizers may also be incorporated into the organic compositions in the polymer melt or dissolved in the polymer dope, coated on the exterior of the molded article, film or extruded fiber.

Abstract: New polyhydric phenol coesters are disclosed of polyhydric phenols, having 2 to 3 phenolic hydroxyl groups and 1 to 3 benzenoid rings, with carbonic acid and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally a thioether sulfur atom in the aliphatic chain of the dicarboxylic acid. The new coesters have molecular weights from 700 to about 10,000, preferably from 1200 to 7000, and are highly effective stabilizers for a variety of synthetic resins.Stabilizer compositions comprising a polyhydric phenol coester and a known polymer stabilizer, as well as synthetic resins stabilized with such stabilizer compositions, are also disclosed.

Abstract: N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyldiaminomethane, antioxidant for rubber, is prepared by reaction of 2 molar proportions of diphenylamine and 0.8-1.3 molar proportions of formaldehyde at room temperature. The reaction may be carried out in a storage container, for example a thermoplastic container which, holding the tetraphenyldiamonomethane, can be added to and will blend into a rubber mix.

Abstract: The invention relates to polychromophoric compounds which have been found to be effective ultraviolet stabilizers. The invention also relates to ultraviolet degradable organic compositions containing a stabilizing amount of the polychromophoric composition to prevent such degradation. These stabilizers are effective in the presence of other additives commonly employed in polymeric compositions including, for example, pigments, colorants, fillers, reinforcing agents and the like. These ultraviolet stabilizers may also be incorporated into the organic compositions in the polymer melt or dissolved in the polymer dope, or coated on the exterior of the molded article, film or extruded fiber.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions containing oleaginous materials and, in amounts sufficient to impart resistance to oxidation thereto, adducts of benzotriazole compounds and substituted acrylonitrile.

Abstract: A lubricating oil additive composition which imparts improved oxidation properties to crankcase lubricants comprises a antioxidant selected from aromatic and alkyl sulfides and polysulfides, sulfurized olefins, sulfurized carboxylic acid esters and sulfurized ester-olefins, and a secondary amine of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R' are aliphatic radicals. Lubricating oil compositions containing this additive composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of preventing, or substantially reducing, the amount of color deterioration of diphenylalkanes, said diphenylalkanes being in contact with a color-deteriorating material, is disclosed. Briefly, the method comprises contacting the diphenylalkanes with an effective amount of ammonia or certain amines.

Abstract: An improved lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount by weight of oil of lubricating viscosity; a minor amount by weight of solid particles effective to improve the lubricating properties of the composition; and a minor amount of an oxidized olefin polymer which has been reacted with an aliphatic amine or polyamine. Preferably, this reaction occurs in the presence of a formaldehyde-yielding reactant. This composition provides improved inhibition of sludge and varnish formation in use.

Abstract: A mixture of nondeuterated and partially or fully deuterated hydrocarbon ricants. Such a mixture exhibits substantially improved bearing performance life and oxidation resistance, without having fully deuterated the entire lubricant.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another denote alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl, R.sub.3 denotes hydrogen or, conjointly with R.sub.1, denotes tetramethylene, R.sub.4 denotes hydrogen or lower alkyl or, conjointly with R.sub.2, denotes tetramethylene, R.sub.5 denotes hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, acyloxyalkyl, oxaalkyl or phenyl, R.sub.6 denotes hydrogen, alkhyl, phenyl or the group or, conjointly with R.sub.5, denotes alkylene, R.sub.7 denotes hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl, benzyl or alkylphenyl or, conjointly with R.sub.5 or R.sub.6, denotes alkylene or, conjointly with R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, denotes alkanetriyl, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 together containing at least one carbon atom, Y denotes --O-- or --NH--, P denotes 1, 2, 3 or 4 and A denotes hydrogen or a group which is derived from an organic or inorganic oxygen acid A-(OH).sub.p, are suitable for stabilizing organic material against thermo-oxidative degradation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are 2-aminoalkyl-3-aryl-hetero-indenes useful as antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: Novel, nonabsorbable antioxidants of the general formula (An).sub.n R wherein An is a means for preventing oxidation of an oxidizable material, R is a means for essentially restricting the absorption of An in a biological environment, .about. is a means for covalently bonding An to R for a prolonged time, and n is at least one. The nonabsorbable antioxidants are useful as stabilizers in oxidizable materials without any substantial absorption of the antioxidant in the biological environment.

Abstract: A lubricating oil additive composition which imparts improved oxidation properties to crankcase lubricants comprises an antioxidant selected from aromatic and alkyl sulfides and polysulfides, sulfurized olefins, sulfurized carboxylic acid esters and sulfurized ester-olefins, and a secondary amine of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R' are aliphatic radicals. Lubricating oil compositions containing this additive composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: Polymers containing post-reacted hindered phenol anti-oxidant functionality as viscosity index (VI) improvers for high temperature service, particularly for lubricating oils used in diesel engines.

Abstract: Phenolic antioxidants such as 1,1-dimethyl-2-(3,5-di tert.butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl amine and a method of preparing said antioxidants involving the reaction between a 3,5-di tert.alkyl-4-hydroxybenzyl halide; N,N-dialkyl amine or dithiocarbamate such as 3,5-di tert.butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl chloride; 2,6-di tert.butyl-4-dimethylaminomethylphenol or 3,5-di tert.butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate and a nitroalkane such as 2-nitropropane to produce a nitro compound such as 1,1-dimethyl-2-(3,5-di tert.butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-nitroethane which can be catalytically reduced to form the aminoalkyl phenol.

Abstract: A herbicidal and fungicidal composition which comprises as an active ingredient a pyridyltriazinone compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonylmethyl group whose alkoxy has 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a phenyl group.

Abstract: The invention provides an ensiling agent which contains, based on the total quantity of active ingredients, a mixture of from 50 to 90% by weight of salts of formic acid and from 10 to 50% by weight of hexamethylene tetramine or other compounds which slowly and continuously release formaldehyde during the fermentation of fodder plants.The invention further provides a process for the fermentation of fodder plants in which from 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of an ensiling agent based on the weight of green fodder, is added to the material which is to be ensiled, the proportion of hexamethylene tetramine or other compounds which slowly and continuously release formaldehyde during fermentation, not exceeding 0.1% by weight, based on the weight of green fodder.Such ensiling agents are useful for fermenting fodder plants, in particular these which are difficult to convert into silage.

Abstract: Described herein are di-quaternary ammonium salts of hydantoin having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different, are ##STR2## R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be the same or different, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons, phenyl or taken together R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be a cycloaliphatic group of 4 or 5 carbon atoms;R.sub.5, r.sub.6 and R.sub.7, which may be the same or different, are selected from the group consisting of benzyl or --C.sub.p H.sub.2p+1 ;X is a physiologically acceptable anion; andp is an integer from 1 to 24.The salts are useful anti-static agents. A number of the salts possess broad spectrum fungicidal and/or bactericidal activity and, accordingly, compositions having such activity contain as an active ingredient certain quaternary ammonium salts of hydantoin.

Abstract: Described herein are mono-quaternary ammonium salts of hydantoin having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: ONE OF R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons and the other is ##STR2## R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be the same or different, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons, phenyl or taken together R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be a cycloaliphatic group of 4 or 5 carbon atoms;R.sub.5, r.sub.6 and R.sub.7, which may be the same or different, are selected from the group consisting of benzyl or --C.sub.p H.sub.2p+1 ;X is a halide or sulfate anion; andP is an integer from 1 to 24.The salts are useful anti-static agents. A number of the salts possess broad spectrum fungicidal and/or bactericidal activity and, accordingly, compositions having such activity contain as an active ingredient certain mono-quaternary ammonium salts of hydantoin.