Abstract: Kaolin clays are conditioned for the removal of colored titaniferous impurities by (A) first mixing the kaolin clay with a collector to condition the impurities, in the absence of a dispersant, but in the presence of sufficient water to yield a mixture having a solids content of at least 65 percent by weight and (B) then deflocculating the kaolin clay mixture at a pH of at least 4.0 with a dispersant in amounts sufficient to yield a kaolin clay slurry which is suitable for subsequent processing to remove colored titaniferous impurities.

Abstract: An improved phosphate ore beneficiation process is disclosed which comprises the employment of a novel combination of surfactants which, when combined with fatty acid collectors, enhances recovery of phosphate minerals in anionic flotation, even when used in plant water. The disclosed surfactants include petroleum sulfonates and ethoxylated alcohol ether sulfates.

Abstract: The present invention concerns finely divided particles of compounds that provide flame retardancy and/or smoke suppressant properties to fibers, textiles, polymeric articles, paper, paint, coating and insulation. More particularly, the present invention concerns colloidal-sized particles of hydrated salts, organic phosphates, metal borates, polyamides, solid halogenated flame retardants with a melting point greater than 250.degree. C., molybdenum compounds, metallocenes, antimony compounds, zinc compounds, bismuth compounds and other solid chemicals which act as flame retardants or smoke suppressants. The present invention also concerns various milling processes to reduce these materials to colloidal sizes and to disperse them in water, organic liquids and meltable solids.

Abstract: Novel compositions comprised of a dialkyl aryl disulfonic acid and a collector different from the dialkyl aryl disulfonic acid are provided, said compositions being useful for beneficiation of ores. Novel methods for using compositions comprised of a dialkyl aryl disulfonic acid and a collector different from the dialkyl aryl disulfonic acid to beneficiate ores are also provided.

Abstract: Shell fossil powder is added to a flocculation agent which is mainly composed of gypsum and silicate compound, and the mixture is added to a suspension. The mixing ratio of the flocculation agent and shell fossil powder is 3:1. The flocculation agent functions as a coagulation core A, and the shell fossil powder is able to absorb grains in the suspension as a carrier B and is acquired by the coagulation core A. The carrier B is a grain which is able to effectively utilize Ca.sup.2+ flocculation site of the coagulation core A, which absorbs a great deal of suspending grains, wherein the suspending grains are acquired by the coagulation core A and form a large flock and are quickly settled.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating pyrite from sulfide ores and coal during flotation separation which comprises the depressing of pyrite with from about 0.05 to 0.75 kilograms per ton of concentrate solids, using a pyrite depressant compounds selected from the group consisting ofR1--S (CH.sub.2').sub.n PO (OH).sub.2 (I)wheren is between 2 and 4, andR1 is selected from a group consisting of hydrogen (H) and amidine, and ##STR1## where Ro is a lower alkyl having carbon atoms in a range of 3 to 8 with 3 to 6 being preferred and a final pH in a range of 4 to 9 depending on the ore being processed, and therafter recovering the flotation concentrate thus obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating pyrite from sulfide ores and coal during flotation separation which comprises the depressing of pyrite with from about 0.05 to 0.75 kilograms per ton of concentrate solids using a pyrite depressant compounds selected from the group consisting ofR1, R2, R3 N.sup.+ O.sub.2 H.sub.4 SR4X.sup.- (I)where R1, R2 and R3 are lower alkyls wherein the final sum of the carbon atoms is in a range of 3 to 6, R4 is selected from a group consisting of hydrogen (H) and amidine and X is chlorine, bromine or iodine, ##STR1## where Ro is a lower alkyl having carbon atoms in a range of 3 to 8 with 3 to 6 being preferred and a final pH in a range of 4 to 9 depending on the ore being processed, and therafter recovering the flotation concentrate thus obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating pyrite from sulfide ores and coal during flotation separation which comprises the depression of pyrite with from about 0.125 to 1.250 pounds per ton of 2-S thironium-ethane sulfonate (IESA) as a pyrite depressant. The aforementioned depressant is surprisingly effective in pyrite removal, being substantially independent of the pH values of the treated ore or coal, compatible with conventional collector reagents such as xanthates in the case of copper sulfide bearing ores as well as being substantially unobtrusive in not depressing other useful ore sulfides, including but limited to chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcosite, etc.

Abstract: The efficiency of grinding materials is improved by the addition of hydroxy-carboxylic acids of five to six carbon atoms contasining at least three hydroxyl groups and from one to two carboxyl grpous or their soluble salts as grinding aids. The grinding aids can be added as such or formed in situ by the oxidation of saccharides.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process that employs both non-selective flotation and oxidative leaching of the resulting concentrates to recover an increased amount of copper from porphyry copper ores. The non-selective flotation step uses collectors and conditions, such as pH, that are conducive to the strong flotation of sulfide minerals generally. In the oxidative leach, the copper sulfide minerals in the concentrate fraction are oxidized to copper compounds, which are soluble in the leach solution. The oxidative leach includes the use of ammonia and sulfite under agitation leaching conditions to convert the copper sulfide minerals into ammonia soluble forms.

Abstract: A method for the flotation processing of mineral ores is disclosed. At least one collector is introduced into the flotation process by atomization. In a preferred aspect of the invention, the collector is provided as a mixture of the thiol and corresponding oxidized thiol (e.g., a dithiol).

Abstract: Novel depressants for depressing sulfide minerals during froth floatation of ores to recover value minerals are disclosed, as well as a method for their use in the froth flotation. The novel depressants are terpolymers of a (meth)acrylamide, an allyl thiourea and a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of floating calcium carbonate ore containing silicates as impurities. Floatation is performed in the presence of a quaternary ammonium compound and an alkylene oxide adduct of an amine compound. The silicate being concentrated in the float.

Abstract: Enhanced removal of ink in the froth flotation deinking of waste paper is provided by carrying out the flotation with one or more dialkoxylates of certain cyclohexenyl diacids, one or more alkoxylates of C.sub.2-12 polyhydric alcohols, or a mixture thereof. Improved performance is also provided by adding one or more alkyl diglyceryl disulfonates, C.sub.8 to C.sub.18 alpha-olefin sulfonates and/or alkyl ether sulfates.

Abstract: A new depressant for use in enhanced separation of polymetallic sulphides is described. The depressant agent is used in conjunction with conventional collector agents and frothing agents in the flotation separation of copper, nickel, lead, zinc sulphides by depressing iron sulphides such as pyrrhotite, pyrite and marcasite in the tailing. The depressant consists of a chemically-modified carbohydrate polymer, a polyacrylate and low foaming lignin sulphonate.

Abstract: Kaolin clays are conditioned for the removal of colored titaniferous impurities by (A) first mixing the kaolin clay with a collector to condition the impurities, in the absence of a dispersant, but in the presence of sufficient water to yield a mixture having a solids content of at least 65 percent by weight and (B) then deflocculating the kaolin clay mixture at a pH of at least 4.0 with a dispersant in amounts sufficient to yield a kaolin clay slurry which is suitable for subsequent processing to remove colored titaniferous impurities.

Abstract: A dense or heavy liquid for material separations comprising an aqueous solution including a salt having anionic moieties having the formula [(a).sup.n+ (b).sub.m O.sub.k ].sup.x- where (a) is selected from group IV elements, group V elements, transition metal elements, and rare earth elements; (b) is one or more transition metal elements having an atomic weight between 50 and 201 inclusive, where O is oxygen, where m is an integer between 6 and 18 inclusive, and where k is an integer between 24 and 62 inclusive, said dense liquid also comprising in said aqueous solution cationic moieties capable of forming said salt of said anionic moieties. The cation values may be lithium, sodium, or a mix thereof, with a small amount of hydrogen cations provided by free acid anionic moieties. The most preferred anionic moiety is [SiW.sub.12 O.sub.40 ].sup.4-. The atom designated (b) alternatively may be molybdenum, vanadium, niobium or tantalum.

Abstract: A powdered composition for treating spent dry film stripping and/or developing solutions comprising: 10 to 70 percent by weight of an aluminum source, such as aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride; and 28 to 90 percent by weight of siliceous particulates, such as diatomaceous earth, sodium potassium aluminum silicate or expanded perlite. The powdered composition may also include 3 to 35 percent by weight of a metal precipitation agent, such as trimercapto-s-triazine, sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate, starch xanthate, sodium diethydithiocarbamate and thio red, to precipitate the metal from the spent solutions and/or 0 to 10 percent by weight of a dust-suppression agent such as water or propylene glycol. A method of using the disclosed compositions is also revealed in this application.

Abstract: A composition, adapted to be used in the beneficiation of coarse potash ore fractions in the substantial absence of extender oil, which consists essentially of: (a) water; and (b) a long chain primary aliphatic amine, for example, a tallow-based amine, having an iodine value of from about 20 to about 70 cg/g, preferably from about 40 to about 60 cg/g. The composition may further contain an acid to assist in the dispersion of the amine in water.

Abstract: New and improved processes and compositions for use in flotation recovery of metal values from base metal zinc sulfide ores are disclosed. The collector compositions for froth flotation of metal sulfide minerals comprise the combination of combination of 1) at least one allylalkylthionocarbamate compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.2 to C.sub.8 alkyl radical, preferably R is an isobutyl group, and 2) a xanthate having the formula ##STR2## wherein R' is a C.sub.2 to C.sub.8 alkyl radical, preferably a C.sub.4 radical. More preferably, the C.sub.4 radical of the xanthate is a butyl or isopropyl group. Preferably, the concentration of allylalkylthionocarbamate to xanthate of a ratio of from about 1:99 to about 50:50 percent by weight.

Abstract: A process is described for separation of oxidic minerals, such as phosphate. The process is a froth flotation process utilizing a novel collector, which is comprised of:1. tall oil or any other commercial fatty acids that may contain rosin;2. fuel oil;3. N-substituted-N-mixed alkyoxy-propylmaleimic acid derivative;4. fatty acid sulfonate;5. alkyl alcohol ether sulfate;6. alkyl alcohol sulfate;The collector is added to the aqueous slurry of phosphate ore to be conditioned in a conventional manner. The conditioning reagents include alkaline pH modifiers, such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or ammonia. The conditioning pH value is controlled at 7.0-11.5. After conditioning, the reagentized slurry is transferred into a flotation cell and flotation is conducted in a traditional process.

Abstract: Iron ore concentrates can be obtained by the flotation of iron ores providing mixtures containing at least one ether canine of formula (I):R.sup.1 O--(C.sub.n H.sub.2n).sub.y --NH--(C.sub.m H.sub.2m --NH).sub.x H,in which R.sup.1 is a linear or branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds; n and m independently of one another represent the number 1, 2 or 3; x=0 or the number 1, 2 or 3; and y=2 or 3, and at least one other anionic and/or nonionic collector.

Abstract: A process of separating at least one mineral, e.g. silica, from an aqueous medium, e.g. one containing iron ore, by froth flotation using cationic alkyloxyalkaneamine collectors free of acrylonitrile is described. Alkyloxyalkaneamines free of acrylonitrile may be made by reacting an alcohol with an alkenenitrile having at least 4 to 13 carbon atoms. This process produces branching on the third carbon from the nitrogen of the resulting compound, e.g. 3-hexoxypentaneamine. In addition to the absence of acrylonitrile, the alkyloxyalkaneamines give better selectivity than some conventional etheramines.

Abstract: A method for the depression of non-sulfide, silicate gangue minerals is provided wherein the depressant is a polymeric mixture of a polysaccharide and a material comprising recurring units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is the polymerization residue of an acrylamide or mixture of acrylamides, Y is an hydroxy group containing polymer unit, Z is an anionic group containing polymer unit, x represents a residual mole fraction of at least about 35%, y represents a residual mole fraction of from about 1 to 50% and z represents a residual mole fraction of from about 0 to about 50%.

Abstract: A method for the depression of non-sulfide, silicate gangue minerals is provided wherein the depressant is a polymeric material comprising recurring units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is the polymerization residue of an acrylamide or mixture of acrylamides, Y is an hydroxy group containing polymer unit, Z is an anionic group containing polymer unit, x represents a residual mole fraction of at least about 35%, y represents a residual mole fraction of from about 1 to 50% and z represents a residual mole fraction of from about 0 to about 50%.

Abstract: A method for the depression of non-sulfide, silicate gangue minerals is provided wherein the depressant is a mixture of a polysaccharide and a graft polymer of polyvinyl alcohol and an acrylamide.

Abstract: Colored impurities are removed from kaolin clay by an improved flotation process in which a blend of a fatty acid compound and a hydroxamate compound is used as a collector.

Abstract: A composition, adapted to be used in the flotation of ore fractions in aqueous suspension, with the advantages of better dispersability of the amine and improved flotation results. The composition consists essentially of: (a) water; (b) a long chain aliphatic amine; and (c) a frother. The composition may further contain a carboxylic or mineral acid emulsifier.

Abstract: A method for the depression of non-sulfide, silicate gangue minerals is provided wherein the depressant is a graft polymer of polyvinyl alcohol and an acrylamide.

Abstract: A composition, adapted to be used in the flotation of ore fractions in aqueous suspension, consists essentially of: (a) water; (b) a hydrocarbon extender oil, preferably one having a low aromatics content; (c) a long chain aliphatic amine, such as a tallow-based amine, preferably one with an iodine value is less than about 20 cg/g; and (d) an acid emulsifier. This composition is prepared by the following successive steps: (a) dissolution of the amine in the oil at an elevated temperature, (b) addition of the acid to the aqueous phase, (c) addition of the oil containing the amine to the aqueous phase, and (d) emulsification of the mixture using an appropriate shearing.

Abstract: A process for the selective flotation of at least one sulfide selected from the group of copper sulfide, silver sulfide, and activated zinc sulfide performed in the presence of 2-mercapto-benzoxazole derivatives.

Abstract: N-ethyl alkanohydroxamic acids, where said alkyl group is a straight chain alkyl group of 8 to 10 carbon atoms, or a branched alkyl group of 8 to 25 carbon atoms, provided said alkyl group is not cyclic, useful as metal chelants for use in organic solvent extractant solutions such as kerosene to extract metals from aqueous solutions by forming complexes of the extracted metal with the N-ethyl hydroxamic acid. Metals can be stripped from complexes of N-ethyl hydroxamic acids at higher concentrations into lower strength acid stripping agents. The N-ethyl hydroxamic acid-containing organic solvent extraction solutions exhibit rapid phase separation from aqueous solutions, good hydrolytic stability and resistance to forming emulsions.

Abstract: A composition comprising a mixture of dialkylbenzene monosulfonic acids or salts thereof containing greater than about 60 weight percent of the para dialkylbenzene isomer and greater than about 80 weight percent of the combined di(2-alkyl)benzene and di(3-alkyl)benzene isomers. The composition exhibits improved properties as a mineral collector in ore flotation.

Abstract: An improved froth flotation method is provided for the removal and recovery of an ultra-fine constituent such as carbon from tailings such as fly ash. A flotation apparatus is utilized that preferably includes a slurry conditioning tank and a flotation cell. The method of the present invention comprises the improvement of utilizing a flotation reagent formulation comprising a mixture of fuel oil and petroleum sulfonate. The method broadly includes the steps of (1) producing a slurry, or solid suspension, of the material containing the constituent to be recovered by adding a preselected amount of water or other slurrying liquid; (2) adding the flotation reagent comprising a mixture of fuel oil and petroleum sulfonate to the slurry that renders the selected constituent hydrophobic; (3) aerating the conditioned slurry; (4) recovering the selected ultra-fine constituent from an upper portion of the flotation apparatus; and (5) withdrawing and recovering tailings from a lower portion of the flotation apparatus.

Abstract: A process for the flotation of particles of lignitic coal, subbituminous coal or oxidized bituminous coal contained within a slurry of coal and gangue, comprising the steps of dispersing a surfactant throughout the slurry, first conditioning the slurry such that the surfaces of the particles of coal are selectively coated by the surfactant to produce activated particles of coal, dispersing an oil throughout the slurry, second conditioning the slurry such that the surfaces of the activated particles of coal are selectively coated by the oil to produce oiled particles of coal, and floating the oiled particles of coal on the surface of the slurry for separation from the slurry and gangue.

Abstract: Minerals can be recovered by flotation from non-sulfidic ores by using detergent mixtures containing:a) salts of sulfonation products of unsaturated fatty acids corresponding formula (I):R.sup.1 C(O)--OH (I)in which R.sup.1 CO is a linear or branched aliphatic acyl radical containing 12 to 24 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 double bonds, andb) salts of sulfonation products of unsaturated fatty acid glycerol esters corresponding to formula (II): ##STR1## in which R.sup.2 C(O) is a linear or branched aliphatic acyl radical containing 12 to 24 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 double bonds and R.sup.3 C(O) and R.sup.4 C(O) independently of one another represent a linear or branched aliphatic acyl radical containing 6 to 24 carbon atoms and 0 or 1 to 5 double bonds,and, optionally, other anionic and/or nonionic surfactants, as collectors.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for improved separation of mono/multi-metallic sulphide minerals from significant amounts of iron sulphides, mainly pyrrhotite and/or their finely divided process middlings. The process comprises subjecting such material to a conditioning stage with at least one water-soluble sulphur-containing inorganic compound as a prerequisite step for further conditioning with nitrogen-containing organic chelating agents, preferably polyethylenepolyamines, prior to froth flotation wherein iron mineral, primarily pyrrhotite is depressed, thus allowing selective recovery of mono/multi-metallic minerals containing non-ferrous metal value(s).

Abstract: This invention relates to apatite flotation reagents which can be used simultaneously with silica collectors in a coflotation process without problems of incompatibility between the apatite flotation reagent and the silica collectors. The apatite flotation reagent includes soya lecithin. The soya lecithin can be used as an apatite collector by itself or can be blended with a phosphate ester, preferably an ethylene oxide modified alcohol based phosphate ester. In an additional embodiment, the apatite flotation reagent can be solely comprised of a phosphate ester, preferably an ethylene oxide modified alcohol based phosphate ester.

Abstract: An activator-frother composition of good selectivity which can be used as additional reagent for the flotation of minerals of finely ground sulfide type and as sole reagent in the treatment of flotation tailings, which consists of about 1% to 10% by weight of pine oil, about 10% to 30% by weight of sodium sulfide, about 20% to 40% by weight of sodium bicarbonate. The composition has the advantage of requiring little time of homogenization and conditioning in order to be sufficiently soluble, to be stable within a wide pH range, and not to be contaminating.

Abstract: A composition and method for the improved deinking of groundwood newsprint is disclosed. The composition comprises an amount, effective for the intended purpose, of: 1) an anionic surfactant, e.g., the ammonium or sodium salts of a sulfated ethoxylate derived from a 12 to 14 carbon linear primary alcohol blend, and 2) a dispersant, e.g., naphthalene-formaldehyde condensates.The method comprises administering a sufficient amount of this combined treatment to a sample of groundwood newsprint for which treatment is desired.

Abstract: A single dose of additive contributes to three consecutive fine coal unit operations, i.e., flotation, dewatering and reconstitution, whereby the fine coal is first combined with water in a predetermined proportion so as to formulate a slurry. The slurry is then mixed with a heavy hydrocarbon-based emulsion in a second predetermined proportion and at a first predetermined mixing speed and for a predetermined period of time. The conditioned slurry is then cleaned by a froth flotation method to form a clean coal froth and then the froth is dewatered by vacuum filtration or a centrifugation process to form reconstituted products that are dried to dust-less clumps prior to combustion.

Abstract: A flocculating agent which comprises: a particulate polyethylene oxide; an inert liquid vehicle comprising a mixture of a glycol and glycerine, wherein the specific gravity of the polyethylene oxide is approximately the same as the specific gravity of the inert liquid vehicle; a suspension agent, and, optionally, an acidic compound.

Abstract: A process for recovering a hydrocarbon from a hydrocarbon bearing sand comprising the steps of mixing a chemical additive with a chemical composition and with a hydrocarbon bearing sand containing hydrocarbon and residual solids including clay, at a temperature to form a slurry. The chemical composition comprises an aqueous phase and a minor amount of a chemical agent selected from the group consisting of at least one ethoxylated alkylphenol compound, at least one ethoxylated dialkylphenol compound, MIBC, SC-177, Petronate HL, Clacium Lignosulfonate and mixtures thereof. The slurry is aerated to produce essentially sludge-free tailings and a mixture of hydrocarbon, aqueous phase and residual solids including clay. The process further comprises the step of separating the mixture of the hydrocarbon, the aqueous phase and the residual solids including clay from the essentially sludge-free tailings.

Abstract: N-ethyl alkanohydroxamic acids, where said alkyl group is a straight chain alkyl group of 8 to 10 carbon atoms, or a branched alkyl group of 8 to 18 carbon atoms, provided said alkyl group is not cyclic, useful as metal chelants for use in organic solvent extractant solutions such as kerosene to extract metals from aqueous solutions by forming complexes of the extracted metal with the N-ethyl hydroxamic acid. Metals can be stripped from complexes of N-ethyl hydroxamic acids at higher concentrations into lower strength acid stripping agents. The N-ethyl hydroxamic acid-containing organic solvent extraction solutions exhibit rapid phase separation from aqueous solutions, good hydrolytic stability and resistance to forming emulsions.

Abstract: A froth flotation method is disclosed for separating fine particles of fossil resin from by use of frothing reagents which include an aliphatic organic compound having a polar group and containing not more than four carbon atoms. Butanol is an effective frothing reagent in this method.

Abstract: A process suitable for operation at a mine site for recovering a hydrocarbon from a hydrocarbon bearing sand comprising the steps of mixing a chemical additive with a chemical composition and with a hydrocarbon bearing sand containing hydrocarbon and residual solids including clay, at a temperature to form a slurry. The chemical composition comprises an aqueous phase and a minor amount of a chemical agent selected from the group consisting of at least one ethoxylated alkylphenol compound, at least one ethoxylated dialkylphenol compound, MIBC, SC-177, Petronate HL, Calcium Lignosulfonate, NaOH and mixtures thereof. The slurry is conditioned and aerated to produce essentially sludge-free tailings and a mixture of hydrocarbon, aqueous phase and residual solids including clay. The process further comprises the step of separating in a short-residence time apparatus the mixture of the hydrocarbon, the aqueous phase and the residual solids including clay from the essentially sludge-free tailings.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for beneficiating a silicious phosphate ore by flotation, the process comprising the steps of conditioning an aqueous slurry of phosphate ore at a pH of from 7.5 to 10.5 with a fatty acid and a fuel oil and aerating the conditioned phosphate slurry to float the phosphate, the improvement comprising conditioning the aqueous phosphate slurry prior to aeration with a water dispersible sulfo-polyester having a glass transition temperature of 28.degree. C. to 60.degree. C. and consisting essentially of repeat units from a dicarboxylic acid, a diol and a difunctional sulfomonomer.

Abstract: A deinking agent for regenerating waste paper, which comprises a reaction product obtained by reacting a compound having an OH group, which is represented by the following (A) or (B) with a dicarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof as an active ingredient:(A) a compound obtained by adding ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to a higher fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms in such a manner as to control the molar ratio of ethylene oxide/propylene oxide to from 1 to 4 and to control the total amount of the added ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to from 10 to 50 moles on average; or(B) an incomplete ester of a polyhydric alcohol, to which ethylene oxide and propylene oxide have been added in such a manner as to control the molar ratio of ethylene oxide/propylene oxide to from 1 to 4 and to control the total amount of the added ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to from 10 to 50 moles per OH group on average, and a higher fatty acid having 8 to 22 carbon atoms;is disclosed.

Abstract: Additive composition for use in separating particles of a desired material from particles of an undesired material in a froth flotation process using a frother. The composition includes an alkylated polymer of vinylpyrrolidone and a liquid carrier comprising the frother.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the selective flotation of phosphorus minerals, in which process the flotation collectors used are one or more compounds of the formula 1a and/or 1b ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a branched or straight-chain C.sub.8 -C.sub.24 -, in particular C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 -alkenyl,R.sup.2 is a branched, straight-chain or cyclic alkyl having 5 and/or 6 carbon atoms andM is hydrogen, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, ammonium or NR.sup.3 R.sup.4 R.sup.5 where R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently of one another are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -hydroxyalkyl,optionally as a mixture or combination with co-collectors.