Abstract: A process is described for the mineral separation of rare earth metal compounds, such as bastnaesite, contained in oxidic minerals. The process is a froth flotation process utilizing a novel collector emulsion, which is an emulsified mixture of:a secondary amine modified sulphonated fatty acid,a high rosin containing tall oil fatty acid,an anionic petroleum sulphonate, anda high molecular weight primary amine.The collector emulsion mixture is added to the aqueous slurry of the comminuted rare earth metal compound containing oxidic mineral, which has been previously conditioned in a conventional manner. The conditioning reagents may include alkaline pH modifiers and gangue depressants such as citric acid, oxalic acid, sodium silicates and fatty acids.The rare earth metal compounds will be concentrated in the froth, and are separated in the conventional manner.

Abstract: The froth flotation of coal is conducted in the presence of a conditioner of an oxygen containing compound of the formula:R.sub.1 --O--R.sub.2).sub.n (I)wherein R.sub.1 and each R.sub.2 are independently saturated hydrocarbyls and n is from 1 to about 3.

Abstract: The invention is a process for recovering coal from raw coal which comprises subjecting the raw coal in the form of an aqueous pulp, to a flotation process in the presence of a flotation collector, and a flotating amount of a flotation frother which comprises the reaction product of a polyhydroxy C.sub.1-20 alkane or polyhydroxy C.sub.3-20 cycloalkane and propylene oxide, or a mixture of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, with the proviso that at least 50 mole percent of the mixture is propylene oxide, and the reaction product has a molecular weight of between about 150 and 1400, under conditions such that the coal is recovered.

Abstract: The present invention provides a blended preparation for the separation especially of coal particles from the tailings which are contained in the fines produced in coal mining. The blended preparation is used instead of or in addition to the conventional froth oil. The blended preparation comprises froth oil, flocculating agent, emulsifying agent, water and optionally, anti-freeze. The use of the preparation results in faster separation and saving in flocculating agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the separation of phosphate minerals from a phosphate ore, especially from a phosphate-carbonate ore, by using in the flotation as the reagent selective for phosphate mineral a compound having the general formula I, or a salt or amide ##STR1## of the same, in which formula X is --CH--CH--, ##STR2## Y is ##STR3## n is a number 0-40, in which case, when n is greater than 1, groups ##STR4## may be the same or different, m is 0 or 1, B is --NRR.sup.2 or, when m and n are 0, ##STR5## R is H, R.sup.3 or ##STR6## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, which may be the same or different, each stand for an aromatic, araliphatic or straight-chain or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon which contains 1-30 carbon atoms and which is possibly substituted by an oxygen or nitrogen function, with the exception of sulfosuccinic acid monolkyl amide according to Formula I. The invention also relates to such a reagent.

Abstract: A process for beneficiating phosphate containing ores, wherein promoter reagents are added to the ore slurry prior to the addition of collectors and depressants for flotation of the carbonate and silica components. The promoters aid in increasing the rejection of the magnesium present during carbonate and silica flotation steps and recovery of phosphates, so that acceptably low magnesium levels for phosphoric acid production can be achieved in a phosphate concentrate in a single rougher stage. Preferred promoters include sodium carbonate and ammonium hydroxide.

Abstract: A beneficiation reagent is provided which is the half-ester reaction product of a short-chain dicarboxylic acid source, such as maleic anhydride, and a saturated, aliphatic, monohydric alcohol containing from eight to thirteen carbon atoms, preferably ten carbon atoms. This reagent is added neat to a water-slurry of iron ore concentrate in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 0.7 pounds/ton.

Abstract: Process for the selective separation of kaolinite and feldspar by flotation in aqueous pulp, wherein flotation is carried out at the pH-value of the pulp which is naturally obtained during suspension of the mixture of minerals in water using water-soluble salts with trivalent metal ions as activators and depressors, in the presence of cationic and/or anionic surfactants as collectors, and optionally in the presence of other standard flotation aids.

Abstract: A process for the froth flotation separation of value sulfide minerals from gangue iron sulfide minerals in which a novel terpolymer of copolymer of acylamide, acrylic acid and/or derivatives of acrylamide and acrylic acid is employed as a depressant for the gangue iron sulfide minerals.

Abstract: A process for recovering phosphate values from silica-containing phosphate ores is provided. The ore has a particle size in the range of about 0.6 to 1.2 mm and is subjected to selective flotation in the presence of a cationic flotation reagent comprising a di(hydrophobic group) quaternary ammonium salt, wherein each of the hydrophobic groups contain 6 or more carbon atoms and at least one of the groups contains from about 10-20 carbon atoms, in combination with a hydrocarbon oil and a phosphate depressing agent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a froth flotation process for selectively recovering metal-containing sulfide or sulfidized metal-containing oxide minerals from ores using a froth flotation process. The collector employed in the process is an organic monosulfide of the formula:R.sub.1 --S--R.sub.2wherein R.sub.1 is a methyl, ethyl, epoxy (i.e., ##STR1## group or R.sub.3 --S--R.sub.4 wherein R.sub.3 is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group and R.sub.4 is a hydrocarbylene or substituted hydrocarbylene; and R.sub.2 is an alkyl or cycloalkyl group having from 5 to 11 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An aqueous solution containing a water soluble polyvalent metal sulphate, an alkali metal silicate and an alkali metal metabisulphite is described which is added to a slurry of a copper mineral bearing ore to be subjected to a froth flotation step for obtaining a copper concentrate. The aqueous solution is added to enhance the selectivity of conventional flotation collectors and depressants when the valuable minerals are finally disseminated in the host ore, which is then required to be ground to very small particle sizes to achieve the desired liberation. Other valuable minerals such as those bearing zinc and lead, may be recovered from the tailing.

Abstract: A process and reagents are described for separating beryllium silicate concentrates by flotation from oxidic minerals. The process is especially suitable for the separation of phenacite and bertrandite present in ores with complex gangue compositions. The ore is ground and subjected to acid pretreatment, then conditioned by the addition of pH modifier, alkali fluoride activator and a depressant containing sodium hexametaphosphate and carboxymethyl cellulose, or hexametaphosphate and quebracho. The conditioned ore is thereafter treated with a tall oil fatty acid-based collector mixture, of general formula C.sub.17 H.sub.31-35 COOH; which also contains cresylic acid, kerosene and a branched short-chained aliphatic alcohol, such as methyl-iso-butyl carbinol. Mercapto acetic acid and alkali metal hydrogen sulphide may also be added in the second and third stages of conditioning, respectively, for increasing selectivity. The mineral concentration process includes conventional rougher and cleaner flotation steps.

Abstract: A process and composition are provided for the froth flotation beneficiation of iron minerals from iron ores containing silicate and phosphate minerals, comprising as collectors a combination of a primary amine and a nitrogen compound containing an anionic group selected from methylene carboxylic acid, ethylene phosphoric acid and methylene phosphonic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a froth flotation process for selectively recovering nonferrous metal-containing sulfide minerals or sulfidized metal-containing oxide minerals from ores using froth flotation. The collector employed in the process is an epithio compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein m=1, 2 or 3; each R is independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group or substituted hydrocarbyl group; each R.sup.1 is independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group or substituted hydrocarbyl group, provided one R or R.sup.1 is not hydrogen; and each R.sup.2 is independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy or hydrocarbyl thioether.

Abstract: A process for recovering phosphate values from a finely divided ore containing the phosphate values and gangue such as an ore containing apatite, calcite and dolomite, by froth flotation includes the steps of suspending the finely divided ore containing the phosphate values and the gangue in a liquid at a pH of greater than 7; adding to the suspension a froth flotation collector comprising a tall oil fatty acid and an emulsifier for the tall oil fatty acid selected from alkylphenylalkoxylates having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: n is an integer from 8-10 inclusive;m is an integer from 10-20 inclusive; andalkyl is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or ##STR2## the froth flotation collector comprising 80-99% by weight of the collector of the tall oil fatty acid and 20 to 1% by weight of the collector of the emulsifier; introducing a gas such as air into the liquid to produce a froth containing the phosphate values and leaving suspended the other solid gangue; and recovering the phosphate values.

Abstract: The froth flotation of coal is conducted in the presence of a conditioner of the condensate of naphthenic acid and an alkanolamine such as diethanolamine.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new collector for use in the froth flotation of metal values from their ores. The collector comprises a synergistic mixture of alkyl xanthogen alkyl formates and dialkyl thionocarbamates, and yields metal recoveries superior to that achieved with either collector alone. According to the present invention the novel collector for use in froth flotation comprises a mixture of alkyl xanthogen alkyl formates having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a branched or straight chain alkyl substituent having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R' is selected from the class consisting of ethyl and methyl; anddialkyl thionocarbamates having the general formula: ##STR2## wherein Y is a branched or straight chain alkyl substituent having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and Y' is selected from the class consisting of ethyl and methyl.

Abstract: A new froth flotation collecting agent and an improved flotation process for beneficiating silica-containing ores, particularly phosphate ores, are provided. In the process, silica particles are selectively separated, by froth flotation, as a froth phase from mineral particles, particularly phosphate particles, remaining in an aqueous concentrate phase in the presence of a silica-activating ion and a mixed collecting agent containing an anionic collector and a cationic collector.

Abstract: Organic ionic collecting agents for the selective flotation of lead and zinc ores, said agents having the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein the symbols have the following meanings: R represents an alkoxyl group having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms;R.sub.1 represents H, a linear or branched chain alkyl group, an alkoxyl or hydroxyalkyl group containing up to 12 carbon atoms;X represents H, Cl, Br, I, F, CN, CONH.sub.2, NO.sub.2, SO.sub.2 NH.sub.2 ;M represents H, Na, K, Li, Cs.

Abstract: Certain water dissipatable polyester materials containing ether groups and metal sulfonate groups are useful as depressants for siliceous gangue in the froth flotation separation of zinc sulfide concentrates from complex ores containing, minerals of other metals such as lead and iron, as well as various silicon compounds. The polyester materials ae effective in amounts ranging from about 0.03 to about 1.5 kg/tonne of ore feed. Zinc rougher concentrates when conditioned with the depressant yields zinc cleaner concentrates containing less than about 1.5% silica without the need for extensive regrinding of the rougher concentrate. Particularly useful polyester material is prepared from an acid component of from about 80 to 85 mole % isophthalic acid with the remainder comprising mainy 5-sodiosulfoisopthalic acid, and a diol component of from about 50 to 60 mole % diethylene glycol with the remainder comprising mainly 1.4-cyclohexanedimethanol.

Abstract: An improved method for the froth flotation recovery and/or grade of vermiculite from vermiculite containing rock and clay. It uses a composition comprising oil and between 2-60% by weight of an alkyl phenol formaldehyde condensation product.

Abstract: Gold values are obtained from gold cyanidation tailings or gold bearing ores by treating the same with a flotation collector consisting of 5 to 20% xanthate collector and 80 to 95% fatty acid collector of a pulp pH range from 5 to 8.

Abstract: The invention relates to adducts of phosphinic acid with maleic acid semiesters and salts thereof corresponding to the following general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a methyl group,R.sup.2 is a linear or branched, optionally hydroxyl substituted C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 alkyl or cycloalkyl group or an aryl group corresponding to the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may be the same or different and are hydrogen or a linear or branched unsubstituted C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 alkyl group,M is H, Na, K or NH.sub.4,m is an integer of from 1 to 8, andn is 1 or 2.The invention also relates to a process for production of the adducts and to their use for the flotation of non-sulfidic minerals.

Abstract: Carboxyalkyl dithiocarbamates which can be characterized by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkylene radicals, wherein R' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl and ethyl radicals, R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of alkylene radicals and wherein M is selected from the group consisting of ammonium and alkali metal atoms, their use as ore flotation depressants, and a process for making these novel compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of beneficiating coal or mineral ores containing a metaliferous sulfide, e.g. iron sulfide or pyrite, and comprises removal of unwanted components, including pyrite, from such ores by subjecting an aqueous pulp of the pulverized mineral or coal to a froth flotation process in which pyrites are depressed by a depressant composition comprising xanthan gum, a hydroxycarboxylic acid and sodium silicate. The process is especially useful for removal of pyrite from a solid carbonaceous fuel, e.g., coal containing pyrite, and for the recovery of non-ferrous metal concentrates from ores containing pyrite. The coal or ore may be subjected to a mild preoxidation treatment to enhance sulfide removal in the subsequent froth flotation operation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel composition which is useful as a collector for the recovery of nonferrous metal-containing sulfide minerals and sulfidized metal-containing oxide minerals from ores in a froth flotation process. The novel composition comprises (a) an organic compound containing one or more monosulfide units wherein the sulfur atom(s) are bound to aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms, and the total carbon content of the compound is such that the compound has sufficient hydrophobic character to cause metal-containing sulfide mineral or sulfidized metal-containing oxide mineral particles to be driven to an air/bubble interface; and (b) an alkyl thiocarbonate, a thionacarbamate, a thiophosphate, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A coal conditioner is set forth in this disclosure. The coal, crushed and sized, is separated more readily on addition of a conditioner prior to flotation separation. The conditioner features fatty esters of alkanolamine hydroxyalkylates having an ether linkage.

Abstract: An ore dressing method for beneficiating copper from copper bearing ore by froth flotation employing the collector which comprises a mixture of an O,O-bis(alkylphenyl) phosphorodithioic compound, e.g., sodium O,O-bis(isopropylphenyl) phosphorodithioate, and a thiono compound which is an alkyl xanthogen formate, e.g., isobutyl xanthogen alkyl ethyl formate, and/or a thionocarbamate, e.g., N-ethyl O-isopropyl dialkyl thionocarbamate.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel O,O'-, O,S'- or S,S'-dithiodialkylene-bis(mono- or dihydrocarbyl carbamothioates) and S,S'-dithiodialkylene-bis(mono- or dihydrocarbyl carbamodithioate). The novel compounds of this invention are useful as collectors in the froth flotation of sulfide mineral ores.

Abstract: A method and product for concentrating metal values from their ores employing alkyl mercaptans as collector additives in froth flotation, wherein there is provided a mixture of (I) a collector selected from the class consisting of at least one of (A) an alkyl xanthogen alkyl formate compound having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a branched or straight chain alkyl substituent having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R' is selected from the class consisting of one of ethyl and methyl; and (B) a dialkyl thionocarbamate compound having the formula: ##STR2## wherein Y is a branched or straight chain alkyl substituent having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and Y' is selected from the class consisting of one of ethyl and ethyl; and (II) an alkyl mercaptan having the formula:Z--SHwherein Z is a branched or straight chain alkyl substituent having 4 to 16 carbon atoms. Isobutyl xanthogen ethyl formate, N-methyl-O-ethyl thionocarbamate and dodecyl mercaptan are illustrative.

Abstract: A collector composition for use in froth flotation processes comprises two collectors. One of the collectors is preferably an omega-(hydrocarbylthio)alkylamine, S-(omega-aminoalkyl) hydrocarbyl thioate, N-(hydrocarbyl)-alpha, omega-alkanediamine, (omega-aminoalkyl) hydrocarbon amide, omega-(hydrocarbyloxy)alkylamine, omega-aminoalkyl hydrocarbonoate or mixture thereof. The second collector is a thiocarbonate, a thionocarbamate, a thiophosphate, thiocarbinilide, thiophosphinate, mercaptan, xanthogen formate, xanthic ester or mixture thereof. The collector composition floats a broad range of metal-containing minerals.

Abstract: Surfactant mixtures for the production of stable gas-in-liquid emulsions are provided comprising:(a) a member selected from the group consisting of glycerol monoesters of saturated carboxylic acids containing from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and aliphatic alcohols containing from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms;(b) a sterol-aromatic acid ester;(c) a member selected from the group consisting of sterols, terpenes, bile acids and alkali metal salts of bile acids;(d) a member selected from the group consisting of sterol esters of aliphatic acids containing from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms; sterol esters of sugar acids; esters of sugar acids and aliphatic alcohols containing from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms; esters of sugars and aliphatic acids containing from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms; sugar acids; saponins; and sapogenins; and(e) a member selected from the group consisting of glycerol, glycerol di- or triesters of aliphatic acids containing from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and aliphati

Abstract: 3-Hydroxytrimethylene sulfides are useful in ore flotation processes as depressants for iron, nickel, lead and/or zinc.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the concentration of sulfide ore wherein an aqueous slurry of sulfide ore particles are subjected to sulfide ore froth flotation under sulfide ore froth flotation conditions. The improvement in process comprises using an effective amount of a frothing agent selected from the group consisting of:(a) the reaction product of a C.sub.5 -C.sub.10 diol and a C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 carboxylic acid;(b) the reaction product of a C.sub.5 -C.sub.10 diol and an acrylonitrile;(c) the reaction product of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene oxide and a C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 carboxylic acid;(d) the reaction group of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene oxide and a C.sub.5 -C.sub.10 diol;(e) the reaction product of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene oxide and an acrylonitrile; and(f) mixtures thereof,the resulting modified alcohol frothing agents have at least one hydroxyl group thereon. The modified alcohol frothing agents of the present invention provide improved flotation kinetics and selectivity in the sulfide ore float.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process wherein coal particles are beneficiated by froth flotation under coal froth flotation conditions to separate the desired coal particles from remaining unwanted ash and like gangue material. The improvement of the present invention comprises conducting the froth flotation in the presence of an effective proportion of a hydrophobic, non-ionic promotor which is a C.sub.10 -C.sub.30 nitrile or polynitrile thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process wherein coal particles are beneficiated by froth flotation under coal froth flotation conditions to separate the desired coal particles from remaining unwanted ash and like gangue material. The improvement of the present invention comprises conducting the froth flotation in the presence of an effective proportion of a hydrophobic, non-ionc promoter which is a C.sub.12 -C.sub.30 fatty alcohol or its C.sub.3 or higher alkoxylated derivative.

Abstract: A collector composition useful for the recovery of metal values from metal ores in a froth flotation process comprises two collectors. One collector is an organic compound containing at least 4 carbon atoms and one or more monosulfide units, wherein the carbon atoms to which the sulfur atoms are bound are aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbons. The other collector is preferably an omega-(hydrocarbylthio)alkylamine, S-(omega-aminoalkyl)hydrocarbyl thioate, N-(hydrocarbyl)-alpha, omega-alkanediamine, N-(omega-aminoalkyl)hydrocarbon amide, omega-(hydrocarbyloxy)alkalamine, omega-aminoalkyl hydrocarbonate or mixture thereof. The collector composition floats a broad range of metal values including sulfide ores, oxide ores and precious metals.

Abstract: A process for the beneficiation of base metal sulfide mineral values from base metal sulfide ores with selective rejection of gangue sulfide minerals at pH values below about 10.0 by froth flotation is disclosed. The process includes the use of a new and improved collector which at pH values below about 10.0 exhibits unexpectedly high collector activity for base metal sulfide minerals of copper, nickel, molybdenum, cobalt and zinc and selectively rejects gangue sulfide minerals such as pyrite and pyrrhotite. The collector for base metal sulfide mineral values for use in the process comprises at least one diorganomonothiophosphinate compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each, independently, selected from saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals, alkyl polyether radicals, and aromatic radicals, and such radicals, optionally and independently, substituted with polar groups selected from halogen, nitrile and nitro groups; or wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of 5-hydroxy-3-thiazolidine-2-thiones of the structure I ##STR1## where R.sub.1 =(CHOH).sub.m, R.sub.2 =(CHOH).sub.n where (m+n)=0 to 6, and R.sub.3 is alkyl or hydroxy-alkyl as depressants in the flotation of mixtures of base metal minerals, particularly those containing molybdenum, copper, lead, zinc; and to flotation processes using these compounds.

Abstract: New and improved collector compositions for use in froth flotation processes for the beneficiation of mineral values from base metal sulfide ores are disclosed. The collector compositions comprise at least one hydrocarboxycarbonyl thionocarbamate compound selected from compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each, independently, selected from saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals, alkyl polyether radicals and aromatic radicals, or such radicals optionally substituted by polar groups selected from halogen, nitrile and nitro groups. The use of the hydrocarboxycarbonyl thionocarbamate collectors provides excellent metallurgical recoveries of sulfide mineral values in froth flotation processes conducted over a broad range of pH conditions including acid, neutral and mildly alkaline pH.

Abstract: Polyhydroxytrithiocarbonates can be used as depressants in ore flotation.

Abstract: A process for recovering a metal sulfide mineral from ore by froth flotation using 1-alkyl substituted-2-mercaptoethanol as the flotation agent.

Abstract: Ammonium dialkylaminoalkyl (thiocarbonyldithio) alkanoates, alkali metal dialkylaminoalkyl (thiocarbonyldithio) alkanoates, their use as flotation agents, and a process for the production of these novel compositions are disclosed. N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl mercaptoalkanoate, its use as an intermediate in the production of the novel ammonium dialkylaminoalkyl (thiocarbonyldithio) alkanoates and alkali metal dialkylaminoalkyl (thiocarbonyldithio) alkanoates, and a process for the production of this novel composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved flotation process for removal of colored titaniferous impurities from kaolin clay uses as collector a hydroxamate compound, or a mixture of compounds, having the formula ##STR1## in which R is an alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl group having 4-28, and preferably 6-24 carbon atoms, and M represents an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or hydrogen. The process does not require the use of activators to make the collector adsorb selectively on the colored impurities.

Abstract: In an ore flotation process for recovering copper values from an aqueous slurry the improvement comprises a depressant composition of an amino-substituted carboxylic acid derivative or a mercapto-substituted carboxylic acid derivative in combination with a thiocarbonate derivative.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of ore flotation collectors is disclosed comprising reacting an alkali metal salt of a 2-mercaptobenzimidazole with carbon disulfide. Also disclosed is process for recovery of minerals by flotation employing the novel ore flotation collectors prepared as described above.

Abstract: The froth flotation of a metal sulfide mineral is carried out using a thioamide as the collector in which the thioamide is of the formula ##STR1## R designating C.sub.5 to C.sub.17 alkyls, R' being H or (CH.sub.2).sub.n OR" and n an integer of 1 to 6, while Z is --OR" or ##STR2## where R" means H, CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5.

Abstract: Amidocarboxylic acids containing a hydrophobic group on the nitrogen are used as flotation agents. They are particularly useful as collector agents in the separation of non-sulfide minerals from their gangues.

Abstract: Insolubles are removed from sylvinite ores by froth flotation using a small amount of a primary, secondary or primary-ether alkyl amine as collector in combination with a flocculant. In the case of a primary alkyl amine, the collector may be the same as the collector used in the subsequent froth flotation to recover sylvite from the ore.