Abstract: Methods and systems for liquefying natural gas using environmentally-friendly low combustibility refrigerants are provided. Methods of liquefaction include cooling a fluid in an LNG facility via indirect heat exchange with an environmentally-friendly low combustibility refrigerants that are propane, ethane and methane mixed with small amounts of fluorinated olefin, but still within close proximity to the boiling points of the pure refrigerants such that the mixed refrigerants can still be used in an optimized cascade process.

Abstract: A process is provided comprising contacting and reacting the compound CF3CF2CHXCl, wherein X is H or Cl, or the compound CF3CF?CXCl, wherein X is H or Cl, with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of Cu, Ru, Cu—Pd, Ni—Cu, and Ni—Pd, to obtain as a result thereof reaction product comprising hydrofluoropropenes or intermediates convertible to said hydrofluoropropenes, notably CF3CF?CH2 and CF3CH?CHF.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a composition comprising a refrigerant (mixed refrigerant), the composition having three types of performance; i.e., a coefficient of performance (COP) and a refrigerating capacity (Cap) that are equivalent to or higher than those of R404A and/or R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP. The present disclosure specifically provides a composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising difluoromethane (HFC-32), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), and at least one of 1,1-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132a) and tetrafluoroethylene (FO-1114).

Abstract: A two-stage refrigeration apparatus (500) includes a first cycle (510) and a second cycle (520). The first cycle (510) includes a first compressor (511), a first condenser (512), a first expansion mechanism (513), and a first evaporator (514) that are arranged in such a manner as to be connected to the first cycle. A first refrigerant circulates through the first cycle. The second cycle (520) includes a second downstream-side condenser (523) and a second evaporator (527) that are arranged in such a manner as to be connected to the second cycle. A second refrigerant circulates through the second cycle. The first evaporator (514) and the second downstream-side condenser (523) constitute a cascade condenser (531). In the cascade condenser (531), heat is exchanged between the first refrigerant and the second refrigerant. At least one of the first refrigerant and the second refrigerant is a refrigerant mixture containing at least 1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)).

Abstract: The invention relates to a refrigerant for a cooling device (10) comprising a cooling circuit (11) comprising at least one heat exchanger (12), the refrigerant undergoing a phase transition in the heat exchanger, the refrigerant being a refrigerant mixture composed of a fraction of carbon dioxide (CO2), a fraction of 1,1-difluoroethene and a fraction of at least one other component, wherein the fraction of carbon dioxide in the refrigerant mixture is 45 to 90 mole percent, the fraction of 1,1-difluoroethene being 5 to 40 mole percent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising HFO-1234yf, or trans-HFO-1234ze, or a mixture thereof; HFC-32; and HFC-152a, HFO-1243zf, or a mixture thereof, wherein said composition is selected from the group consisting of: (I) a first composition, wherein said HFO-1234yf or trans-HFO-1234ze or a mixture thereof is at least 56 weight percent of said first composition; (II) a second composition, wherein said HFC-32 is at most 29 weight percent of said second composition; (III) a third composition, wherein said HFC-152a is at least 56 weight percent said third composition; (IV) a fourth composition, wherein said HFC-32 is at least 56 weight percent of said fourth composition; (V) a fifth composition comprising trans-HFO-1234ze, HFC-32, and HFC-152a, HFO-1243zf, or a mixture thereof; and (VI) a sixth composition, wherein said HFO-1243zf or mixture thereof with HFC-152a is at most 20 weight percent of said sixth composition.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a composition comprising a refrigerant that has characteristics of having a coefficient of performance (COP) and a refrigerating capacity equivalent to or higher than those of R404A, and having a sufficiently low GWP. More specifically, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (HFC-32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), wherein the total concentration of the three components is 99.5% by mass or more, based on the entire refrigerant, and three components have a mass ratio that falls within a region surrounded by a figure passing through the following 4 points in a ternary composition diagram whose three vertices represent the three components: point A (HFO-1132(E)/HFC-32/HFO-1234yf=51.8/1.0/47.2 mass %), point B (HFO-1132(E)/HFC-32/HFO-1234yf=35.3/1.0/63.7 mass %), point C (HFO-1132(E)/HFC-32/HFO-1234yf=10.1/18.0/71.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a composition comprising a refrigerant characterized by having a coefficient of performance (COP) and a refrigerating capacity (Capacity) equivalent to or higher than those of R134a, and having a sufficiently low GWP. The present disclosure is, specifically, a composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising cis-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(Z)) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), wherein HFO-1132(Z) is present in an amount of 53.0 to 59.5 mass %, and HFO-1234yf is present in an amount of 47.0 to 40.5 mass %, based on the total mass of IFO-1132(Z) and HFO-1234yf.

Abstract: A refrigerant consisting or consisting essentially of: a) a nonflammable high volatility component consisting of carbon dioxide, and b) a nonflammable low volatility component selected from the group consisting of: HFO1224yd(Z), HFO1224yd(E), HFO1233zd(E), HFO1233zd(Z), HFO1233xf, HFO1336mzz(E), HFO1336mzz(Z), 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene and mixtures thereof; c) an intermediate volatility component selected from the group consisting of: HFO1234yf, HFO1234ze(E), HFO1225ye(Z), HFO1243zf and mixtures thereof; and d) optionally a component selected from the group consisting of HFC227ea, HFC152a, HFC32 and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Provided is grease capable of suppressing a decrease in a function as a lubricant even when used in a device installed in a refrigerant circuit in which a refrigerant containing a chlorine atom and an olefin bond in a molecule flows, and a refrigeration cycle apparatus using the grease as a lubricant. Grease that is used in a device installed in a refrigerant circuit in which a refrigerant containing a chlorine atom and an olefin bond in a molecule flows contains fluorine as a component. In a chiller apparatus, the grease is used as a lubricant for at least one of a first radial touchdown bearing and a second radial touchdown bearing of a compressor, a drive portion of an inlet guide vane of the compressor, and a drive portion of an expansion valve.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a composition comprising a refrigerant that has characteristics of having a coefficient of performance (COP) and a refrigerating capacity equivalent to or higher than those of R404A, and having a sufficiently low GWP. More specifically, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoromethane (HFC-32), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), wherein the total concentration of the three components is 99.5% by mass or more, based on the entire refrigerant, and three components have a mass ratio that falls within a region surrounded by a figure passing through the following 4 points in a ternary composition diagram whose three vertices represent the three components: point A (HFO-1132(E)/HFC-32/HFO-1234yf=51.8/1.0/47.2 mass %), point B (HFO-1132(E)/HFC-32/HFO-1234yf=35.3/1.0/63.7 mass %), point C (HFO-1132(E)/HFC-32/HFO-1234yf=10.1/18.0/71.

Abstract: Refrigerant compositions including 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) and at least one of ethane (R-170) or propane (R-290) which exhibit near-azeotropic or azeotrope-like behavior. The refrigerant compositions exhibit a low global warming potential (GWP) and are non-ozone depleting. The refrigerant compositions are useful as a heating or cooling fluids in a variety of heating or cooling systems including heat pumps and other heating and cooling loops, in, for example, the automotive industry.

Abstract: The present disclosure addresses the problem of providing a refrigerant composition that has a low GWP and a refrigerating capacity equivalent to that of R404A, which is currently widely used. As a solution to the problem, the present disclosure provides a composition containing carbon dioxide and a mixture of fluorinated hydrocarbons, the mixture containing difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in specific concentrations.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition comprising 1,1-difluoroethene (R-1132a), difluoromethane (R-32), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), optionally carbon dioxide (CO2, R-744), and, optionally, 1,1,2-trifluoroethene (R-1123).

Abstract: A composition including a compound having structural formula (I): Rf is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1-3 atoms; n is 0-2; x is 1-3; and Rf? and Rf? are (i) independently, a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms; or (ii) are bonded together to form a ring structure having 4-8 carbon atoms. The composition further includes a hydrocarbon contaminant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1243zf), the process comprising: (a) fluorinating CCl3CH2CH2Cl (250fb) to produce a reaction product comprising CF3CH2CH2Cl (253fb) in the liquid phase in a first reactor, using HF as the fluorinating agent; and (b) (i) dehydrohalogenating 253fb to produce 1243zf in the vapour phase in the present of a catalyst in a second reactor; or (b)(ii) dehydrohalogenating 253fb to produce 1243zf in a second reactor, wherein the reaction product comprising 253fb produced in step (a) has subjected to one or more purification steps before step (b). The present invention also provides an azeotropic or near-azeotropic composition comprising HF and 253fb.

Abstract: Ethoxy-nonafluorobutane (C4F9OC2H5) is used as an immersion medium for immersing an immersion objective of a cryo-light microscope. The cryo-light microscope comprising an immersion objective, a front lens mount holding a front lens of the immersion objective, a sample holder and a cold stage carrying the sample holder further has a heating device coupling a heat flow into the front lens mount.

Abstract: A working fluid for a heat cycle containing trifluoroethylene and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The working fluid exhibits a pressure change of 0.00 and a temperature change of 0.5° C. or less in an evaluation of self-decomposition conducted by enclosing a sample of the working fluid and a platinum wire in a spherical pressure resistant reactor having an internal capacity of 650 cm3 at a temperature is 250° C. and a pressure of 0.98 MPaG, fusing the platinum wire to apply an energy of about 30 J to the working fluid, and measuring the temperature change and pressure change in the pressure resistant reactor after applying energy to the working fluid.

Abstract: Systems and techniques are described for alerting individuals of HVAC system issues in their home. In some implementations, a monitoring system monitors a property that includes sensors located throughout the property and generates sensor data. A monitor control unit receives thermostat data from a thermostat that indicates activity of the HVAC system and temperature history of the property. The monitor control unit applies the thermostat and the sensor data to an HVAC model that is trained using past sensor data, past thermostat data, past errors of the HVAC system. The monitor control unit determines an error of the HVAC system from the HVAC model output. The monitor control unit determines an action for likely correcting the error of the HVAC system. The monitor control unit provides, for output, data identifying the error of the HVAC system and the action for likely correcting the error of the HVAC system.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for making CF3CF?CHF. The process involves reacting CF3CClFCCl2F with H2 in a reaction zone in the presence of a catalyst to produce a product mixture comprising CF3CF?CHF. The catalyst has a catalytically effective amount of palladium supported on a support selected from the group consisting of alumina, fluorided alumina, aluminum fluoride and mixtures thereof and the mole ratio of H2 to CF3CClFCCl2F fed to the reaction zone is between about 1:1 and about 5:1. Also disclosed are azeotropic compositions of CF3CClFCCl2F and HF and azeotropic composition of CF3CHFCH2F and HF.

Abstract: To provide a composition for a hat cycle system which comprises a working fluid containing 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, having cycle performance sufficient as an alternative to R410A while suppressing influence over global warming, and a heat cycle system employing the composition. A composition for a heat cycle system, which comprises a working fluid for heat cycle containing 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, CF3I and at least one compound selected from a hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrofluoroolefin other than 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene and a hydrocarbon, and having a temperature glide of at most 7° C., and a heat cycle system employing the composition for a heat cycle system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing high-purity 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane and a composition containing mainly 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, suitable for use as a cleaning agent in the semiconductor industry.

Abstract: The present invention provides azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions comprising 1234yf and at least one component selected from a group comprising of R-134, and R-134a. The compositions of the present invention are useful as refrigerants, heat transfer fluids, foam blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and fire suppression and fire extinguishing agents.

Abstract: This application describes methods for responding to a storage vessel leakage event and the implementation of one or more assemblages of components to provide remediation of the leakage event. This application also describes methods of teaching storage vessel leakage remediation for responders and how to use the method of responding to storage vessel leakage event in combination with the one or more assemblages of components.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene that may be useful as heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellants, foaming agents, blowing agents, solvents, cleaning agents, carrier fluids, displacement drying agents, buffing abrasion agents, polymerization media, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethane, gaseous dielectrics, extinguishing agents, and fire suppression agents in liquid or gaseous form. Additionally, the present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, or 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, which may be useful in processes to produce 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a refrigerant composition comprising: (a) from about 65% by weight to about 90% by weight of HFO-1234ze(E); (b) from about 10% by weight to about 35% by weight of HFO-1336mzz (E); and optionally (c) from about 0% to about 4.4% by weight of HFC-227ea for use in a variety of refrigeration applications, including air conditioning and/or refrigeration and particularly cooling products such as fruits, vegetables and beverages without exposing those articles to temperatures below the freezing point of water.

Abstract: A nonflammable aerosol cleaning composition is formulated with trans 1,2 dichloroethylene, 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane, 1,1,1,3,3 pentafluoropropane, HFC-134a, and carbon dioxide. The aerosol cleaning composition is formulated for heavy duty, high pressure, and high output cleaning applications for cleaning aviation parts, such as jet engines located about 10 feet away from a user.

Abstract: A test chamber and a method for conditioning air in a temperature-insulated test space of a test chamber, which is sealable against an environment and serves for receiving test material, a temperature ranging from ?20° C. to +180° C. being produced within the test space by means of a cooling device of a temperature control device of the test chamber, using a cooling circuit with carbon dioxide (CO2) as a cooling agent, using a heat exchanger in the test space, using a low-pressure compressor and using a high-pressure compressor downstream of the low-pressure compressor, using a gas cooler, using a storage means for the cooling agent and using an expansion valve, the temperature in the test space being controlled and/or regulated by means of a control device of the test chamber.

Abstract: Provided is a method for obtaining HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) efficiently. The method is a method for producing HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z), comprising supplying a composition containing HFO-1132(E) and/or HFO-1132(Z) to a reactor, and performing an isomerization reaction between HFO-1132(E) and HFO-1132(Z).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a refrigerator oil for a mixed refrigerant containing less than 40% by mass of an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound (HFO) on a basis of the whole amount of the mixed refrigerant, the refrigerator oil containing a base oil (P) including at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyvinyl ether (PVE), a polyalkylene glycol (PAG), a copolymer (ECP) of a poly(oxy)alkylene glycol or a monoether thereof and a polyvinyl ether, and a polyol ester (POE), with a hydroxy value of the base oil (P) being 15 mgKOH/g or less; and a refrigerator oil composition containing the foregoing refrigerator oil and a specified refrigerant.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233xf, HCFC-244db and/or HFO-1234yf and at least one additional compound. For the composition comprising 1234yf, the additional compound is selected from the group consisting of HFO-1234ze, HFO-1243zf, HCFC-243db, HCFC-244db, HFC-245cb, HFC-245fa, HCFO-1233xf, HCFO-1233zd, HCFC-253fb, HCFC-234ab, HCFC-243fa, ethylene, HFC-23, CFC-13, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-236fa, HCO-1130, HCO-1130a, HFO-1336, HCFC-133a, HCFC-254fb, CHF?CHCl, HFO-1141, HCFO-1242zf, HCFO-1223xd, HCFC-233ab, HCFC-226ba, and HFC-227ca. Compositions comprising HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233xf, and/or HCFC-244db are useful in processes to make HFO-1234yf. Compositions comprising HFO-1234yf are useful, among other uses, as heat transfer compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems.

Abstract: An object is to provide a mixed refrigerant having three types of performance, i.e., a refrigerating capacity (also referred to as refrigeration capacity and cooling capacity) and a coefficient of performance that are equivalent to those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP. Provided as a means for a solution is a composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf), and R32.

Abstract: Non-ozone depleting and non-flammable refrigerant compositions with GWPs less than 1050 which may replace HFC404A, HFC507 and HFC410A in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.

Abstract: Provided is a refrigerant composition that has a low GWP; is non-flammable or mildly flammable; and has a refrigerating capacity (Cap) and/or coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to or higher than those of traditional refrigerants, such as R-134a, R-410A, R-123, or R-404A, when used as an alternative refrigerant for these traditional refrigerants. Specifically, provided is a refrigerant composition containing FO-1216 and a hydrofluoroolefin, wherein the hydrofluoroolefin is at least one member of HFO-1234ze and HFO-1243zf.

Abstract: To provide a composition for a hat cycle system which comprises a working fluid containing 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, having cycle performance sufficient as an alternative to R410A while suppressing influence over global warming, and a heat cycle system employing the composition. A composition for a heat cycle system, which comprises a working fluid for heat cycle containing 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene, CF3I and at least one compound selected from a hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrofluoroolefin other than 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene and a hydrocarbon, and having a temperature glide of at most 7° C., and a heat cycle system employing the composition for a heat cycle system.

Abstract: To provide a propellant which has sufficient propelling performance and of which a component to be sprayed imposes low environmental burden, a propellant composition and a sprayer. A propellant composition comprising a propellant containing 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and a pressurizing agent, and a sprayer comprising the propellant composition, a container in which the propellant composition is contained, and a spray unit to spray the propellant composition to the outside of the container.

Abstract: A refrigerant for a cooling device comprising a cooling circuit with at least one heat exchanger, the refrigerant undergoing a phase transition in the heat exchanger, the refrigerant being a refrigerant mixture composed of a mass fraction of carbon dioxide (CO2), a mass fraction of pentafluoroethane (C2HF5) and a mass fraction of at least one other component, wherein the mass fraction of carbon dioxide in the refrigerant mixture is up to 60 mass percent, the mass fraction of pentafluoroethane being 11 to 72 mass percent, the other component being 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (C3H2F4), the mass fraction of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene being up to 51 mass percent.

Abstract: A cleaning method may include: bringing an article to be cleaned into contact with a liquid-phase solvent composition including 1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene and 1-chloro-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropane; and exposing the article to be cleaned to steam generated by evaporating the liquid-phase solvent composition. In the liquid-phase composition, a proportion of a content of 1-chloro-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropane to a total of a content of 1-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene and a content of 1-chloro-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropane may be 0.0001 to 1 mass %.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention refrigerant compositions are disclosed. The compositions comprise a refrigerant mixture consisting essentially of HFC-32, HFO-1234yf, and CO2. The compositions are useful in processes to produce cooling and heating, in methods for replacing refrigerant R-32, and in refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump systems. These inventive compositions are match cooling performance for R-32 with GWP less than 400 or less than 300.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cooling or heating a fluid or a body by means of a vapour compression circuit containing a heat transfer fluid, said circuit being at least partially contained in an enclosure, and the relative humidity of the air in the enclosure being less than or equal to a threshold value H1 which is less than 50%, the flammability of the heat transfer fluid at relative humidity H1 being less than the flammability of the heat transfer fluid at 50% relative humidity. The invention also relates to a cooling or heating installation suited to the implementation of this method. The invention also relates to a method of protection against the risks of fire or explosion in an enclosure containing at least partially a vapour compression circuit containing a heat transfer fluid, as well as a method for reducing the GWP of a transfer fluid. The invention also relates to heat transfer fluids suited to the implementation of the above methods.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene that may be useful as heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellants, foaming agents, blowing agents, solvents, cleaning agents, carrier fluids, displacement drying agents, buffing abrasion agents, polymerization media, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethane, gaseous dielectrics, extinguishing agents, and fire suppression agents in liquid or gaseous form. Additionally, the present disclosure relates to compositions comprising 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, or 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, which may be useful in processes to produce 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention refrigerant compositions are disclosed. The compositions comprise HFC-32, HFC-125, HFO-1234yf, HFC-134a, and CO2. The refrigerant compositions are useful in processes to produce cooling and heating, in methods for replacing refrigerant R-410A or R-22, and in refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump systems. These inventive compositions are non-flammable and match cooling performance for R-22 and R-410A within ±15%. Additionally, these compositions may serve as replacements for R-404A, R-507, R407A, R407C and/or R-407F in refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump systems. The compositions as described herein have unexpected flammability properties.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention refrigerant compositions are disclosed. The compositions comprise a refrigerant mixture consisting essentially of HFC-32, HFO-1234yf, and CO2. The compositions are useful as refrigerants in processes to produce cooling and heating, in methods for replacing refrigerant R-410A, and in refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump systems. These inventive compositions match cooling capacity for R-410A within ±10% with GWP less than 400 or less than 300.

Abstract: Compositions comprising multi-fluorinated olefins and HFC-32 are disclosed. Such compositions are useful particularly for in stationary refrigeration and air conditioning equipment.

Abstract: A refrigerant composition includes R-125 (pentafluoroethane), R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), R-32 (difluoromethane), R-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane), R-152a (1,1-difluoroethane), CO2 and R-1234ze (1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene). In one exemplary embodiment, the refrigerant includes 18.5-20.5 wt % R-125, about 9-11 wt % R-134a, about 20-22 wt % R-32, about 3-5 wt % R-227ea, about 2.5-4.5 wt % R-152a, about 1-3 wt % CO2 and about 39-41 wt % R-1234ze. Formulating with reclaimed material lowers the global warming potential to about 400 to about 750.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a composition comprising a refrigerant characterized by having a GWP lower than that of R410A and a COP equivalent to that of R410A. Specifically, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising CO2 (R744) and at least one compound A selected from the group consisting of trans-1,2-difluoroethylene [(E)-HFO-1132], cis-1,2-difluoroethylene [(Z)-HFO-1132], fluoroethylene (HFO-1141), and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne (TFP).

Abstract: A process is provided for converting heat energy from a heat source to mechanical work or electricity by utilizing a working fluid comprising perfluoroheptene. The process comprises heating a working fluid using heat supplied from the heat source; and expanding the heated working fluid to generate mechanical work. Also provided is an organic Rankine power cycle system utilizing a working fluid comprising perfluoroheptene. Further provided is a method of replacing the working fluid of an Organic Rankine Power Cycle System designed and configured to utilize a working fluid comprising HFC-245fa with a working fluid comprising of a perfluoroheptene.

Abstract: A working fluid for heat cycle, a composition for a heat cycle system containing the working fluid, and a heat cycle system employing the composition are provided. The working fluid contains trifluoroethylene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and difluoromethane. A proportion of the total amount of trifluoroethylene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and difluoromethane based on the entire amount of the working fluid is higher than 90 mass % and at most 100 mass %. Based on the total amount of trifluoroethylene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and difluoromethane, the proportion of trifluoroethylene is at least 10 mass % and less than 70 mass %, the proportion of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene is at most 50 mass %, and the proportion of difluoromethane is higher than 30 mass % and at most 75 mass %. The working fluid can replace R410A and has a low global warming potential and high durability.

Abstract: Compositions comprising multi-fluorinated olefins and HFC-32 are disclosed. Such compositions are useful particularly for in stationary refrigeration and air conditioning equipment.

Abstract: A refrigerant composition includes R-125 (pentafluoroethane), R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), R-32 (difluoromethane), R-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane), R-152a (1,1-difluoroethane), CO2 and 1234ze (1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene). In one exemplary embodiment, the refrigerant includes about 14-16 wt % R-125, about 14-16 wt % R-134a, about 25-27 wt % R-32, about 3-5 wt % R-227ea, about 2-4 wt % R-152a, about 6-8 wt % CO2 and about 29-31 wt % 1234ze. In another embodiment, the refrigerant composition includes about 15 wt % R-125, about 15 wt % R-134a, about 26 wt % R-32, about 4 wt % R-227ea, about 3 wt % R-152a, about 5 wt % CO2 and about 30 wt % 1234ze. Optionally, R-152a can be replaced with dimethyl ether. Formulating with reclaimed material lowers the global warming potential to about 400-750.