Abstract: The freezing point of a liquid in a chilled liquid containment system is decreased by the addition of a mixture of sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate. Solutions of nitrite/nitrate in a ratio of 1.0:1 to 3.0:1 at a concentration of at least 25% lowers the freezing point of water to as low as ?33° C. or lower, permitting water to remain liquid well below its ambient freezing point and preventing pipes containing the nitrite/nitrate solution from bursting when exposed to subzero temperatures. This allows liquids to remain liquid at much lower temperatures than normal, allowing the circulation of the liquids at lower temperatures and protecting their containment systems from the damage that could occur when the liquids freeze into their solid state while within the containment systems.

Abstract: The present invention provides a working fluid composition for a refrigerating machine containing: a refrigerating machine oil containing, as a base oil, a mixed ester of (A) a complex ester synthesized from a polyhydric alcohol such as neopentyl glycol, a polybasic acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a monohydric alcohol having 4 to 18 carbon atoms and the like, and (B) a polyol ester synthesized from a polyhydric alcohol such as neopentyl glycol and a monocarboxylic fatty acid having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, in a mass ratio of (A) the complex ester/(B) the polyol ester of 5/95 to 95/5; and a refrigerant such as carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising at least one fluoroolefin and an effective amount of stabilizer that may be an epoxide, fluorinated epoxide or oxetane, or a mixture thereof with other stabilizers. The stabilized compositions may be useful in cooling apparatus, such as refrigeration, air-conditioning, chillers, and heat pumps, as well as in applications as foam blowing agents, solvents, aerosol propellants, fire extinguishants, and sterilants.

Abstract: Fluid to fluid heat exchange processes involve the hot fluid reducing in temperature and the cold fluid increasing in temperature. To transfer heat between the two fluids, a third, separated heat transfer fluid is often used. The present invention allows for passive heat transfer between the two fluids, using a separate heat transfer fluid, while enabling heat absorption and rejection through a continuously variable temperature.

Abstract: A non-azeotropic fluid mixture for air conditioning apparatus characterized because the mixture comprises the following refrigerant fluids (gases) in given proportions: 2-Methylpropane (Isobutane) CH(CH3)3 (R-600a), Pentafluoroethane (R-125), Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) Difluoromethane (R-32). The composition of the mixture contains at least one polymerization inhibitor agent (hydroquinone, benzotriazole, dimethyl-t-butylphenol).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a refrigerant composition having a reduced amount of comprehensive environmental load, in which the refrigerant composition has low GWP (direct impact on global warming is low), and has good energy efficiency (indirect impact on global warming is low) when used in a device. The present invention provides a refrigerant composition comprising 30 to 50 mass % of difluoromethane (HFC32) and 70 to 50 mass % of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf).

Abstract: Refrigerant fluids that can be used in different types of compression systems. A composition including between 36 and 39 wt. % of difluromethane (HFC-32), between 28 and 32 wt. % of pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), and between 31 and 35 wt. % of tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a). The composition may be used as a replacement for R-404A.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for producing heating in a high temperature heat pump comprising condensing a vapor working fluid comprising Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, in a condenser, thereby producing a liquid working fluid. Also disclosed herein is a method of raising the maximum feasible condenser operating temperature in a high temperature heat pump apparatus comprising charging the high temperature heat pump with a working fluid comprising Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene. Also disclosed herein is a composition comprising: (a) Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene; (b) 2-chloropropane; and (c) at least one lubricant suitable for use at a temperature of at least about 150° C.; is wherein the 2-chloropropane is present in an amount effective to form an azeotrope or azeotrope-like combination with the Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene. Also disclosed herein is a high temperature heat pump apparatus containing a working fluid comprising Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene.

Abstract: Compositions, methods and systems which comprise or utilize a multi-component mixture comprising: (a) from about 10% to about 35% by weight of HFC-32; (b) from about 10% to about 35% by weight of HFC-125; (c) from about 20% to about 50% by weight of HFO-1234ze, HFO-1234yf and combinations of these; (d) from about 15% to about 35% by weight of HFC-134a; and optionally (e) up to about 10% by weight of CF3I and up to about 5% by weight of HFCO-1233ze, with the weight percent being based on the total of the components (a)-(e) in the composition.

Abstract: A composition that includes one or more compounds represented by the formula R1—O—R2 wherein R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or polyaryl group having from about 4 to about 40 carbon atoms, and R2 is the residue of a substituted or unsubstituted glycol ether having from about 4 to about 40 carbon atoms. The composition has a viscosity (Kv100) from about 1 to about 10 cSt at 100° C. as determined by ASTM D-445, a viscosity index (VI) from about ?100 to about 300 as determined by ASTM D-2270, and a Noack volatility of no greater than 50 percent as determined by ASTM D-5800. The disclosure also relates to a process for producing the composition, a lubricating oil base stock and lubricating oil containing the composition, and a method for improving one or more of oxidative stability, solubility and dispersancy of polar additives of a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil containing the composition.

Abstract: A refrigerant composition consisting essentially of a hydrofluorocarbon component consisting of: R227ea 3-9% R134a 25-70% R125 3-35% R32 10-35% together with an optional hydrocarbon component, wherein the amounts are by weight and are selected to total 100%, can be used as a replacement for refrigerant R22 in existing equipment.

Abstract: A heat transfer method using ternary compositions containing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1-difluoroethane and difluoromethane, said compositions being especially interesting as a heat transfer fluid in compression refrigeration systems comprising exchangers operation in counterflow mode or in split flow mode with counterflow tendency. The use of a ternary composition of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1-difluoroethane and difluoromethane as heat transfer fluid in compression-type refrigeration systems with exchangers operating in countercurrent mode or in crossed-current mode with countercurrent tendency.

Abstract: The present invention is a lubricating oil for compression-type refrigerators using a difluoromethane (R32) refrigerant. The lubricating oil for compression-type refrigerators contains a first polyvinyl ether compound that is a polymer having a structural unit of a specific structure and has a carbon/oxygen molar ratio of from 3.0 to less than 4.0.

Abstract: A composition includes between 11 and 13 wt. % of difluoromethane; between 58 and 62 wt. % of pentafluoroethane; between 18 and 29 wt. % of tetrafluoropropene; and between 0 and 7 wt. % of propane. The tetrafluoropropene can be 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene or 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The composition can be used as a heat transfer fluid in a vapor compression circuit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump systems wherein the composition comprises a fluoroolefin and at least one other component. The compositions of the present invention are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat, as heat transfer fluids, foam blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and fire suppression and fire extinguishing agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising a mixture of HFC and HFO and having improved lubrication performance. Specifically, the present invention provides a composition comprising HFC and HFO, wherein the composition comprises 1) at least one of HFC-134a and HFC-134 as the HFC, 2) at least one of HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze as the HFO, and 3) at least one member selected from the group consisting of HCFC-1122, HCFC-124, CFC-1113, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne as a third component.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising a mixture of HFC and HFO and having improved lubrication performance. Specifically, the present invention provides a composition comprising HFC and HFO, wherein the composition comprises 1) at least one of HFC-134a and HFC-134 as the HFC, 2) at least one of HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze as the HFO, and 3) at least one member selected from the group consisting of HCFC-1122, HCFC-124, CFC-1113, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne as a third component.

Abstract: The use of a ternary composition of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and difluoromethane, as a heat-transfer fluid, in compression refrigeration systems with exchangers operating in counterflow mode or in cross-flow mode with counterflow tendency. A heat-transfer process in which a ternary composition of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and difluoromethane is used as a refrigerant in compression systems with exchangers operating in counterflow mode or in cross-flow mode with counterflow tendency.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising a mixture of HFC and HFO and having improved lubrication performance. Specifically, the present invention provides a composition comprising HFC and HFO, wherein the composition comprises 1) at least one of HFC-134a and HFC-134 as the HFC, 2) at least one of HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze as the HFO, and 3) at least one member selected from the group consisting of HCFC-1122, HCFC-124, CFC-1113, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne as a third component.

Abstract: Cooking and frying oils comprising estolide compounds are described. Also described are methods of making food products comprising cooking or otherwise preparing at least one article of food with a composition comprising at least one estolide compound.

Abstract: A composition including an effective amount of trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene component combined with an effective amount of an alcohol selected from the group of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, isobutanol, 2-ethyl hexanol and any combination thereof, where the composition has azeotropic properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising a mixture of HFC and HFO and having improved lubrication performance. Specifically, the present invention provides a composition comprising HFC and HFO, wherein the composition comprises 1) at least one of HFC-134a and HFC-134 as the HFC, 2) at least one of HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze as the HFO, and 3) at least one member selected from the group consisting of HCFC-1122, HCFC-124, CFC-1113, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne as a third component.

Abstract: Heat transfer compositions, methods, efficiencies, and systems are disclosed. The compositions have four or more heat transfer components/constituents that have been selected such that the compositions provide an operating performance and energy efficiency that are comparable to, or better than, the performance of R22 and currently available R22 replacements. The four or more constituents have sequenced boiling temperatures that work together to extend the phase change, thereby elongating the heat absorption phase and increasing efficiency. In some embodiments the heat transfer constituents include 15-25% by weight R32, 1-5% by weight R125, 50-70% by weight R134a, and 10-20% by weight R227ea. The compositions may also include 0.5-3.5% by weight R236.

Abstract: A working medium for a heat pump, including: 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene; at least one of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and pentafluoroethane; and at least one of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropene.

Abstract: A refrigerant composition consisting essentially of R227ea 3-9% R134a 25-70% R125 3-35% R32 10-35% together with an optional hydrocarbon component; wherein the amounts are by weight and are selected to total 100%.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising a mixture of HFC and HFO and having improved lubrication performance. Specifically, the present invention provides a composition comprising HFC and HFO, wherein the composition comprises 1) at least one of HFC-134a and HFC-134 as the HFC, 2) at least one of HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze as the HFO, and 3) at least one member selected from the group consisting of HCFC-1122, HCFC-124, CFC-1113, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne as a third component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluoroolefin compositions. The fluoroolefin compositions of the present invention are useful as refrigerants or heat transfer fluids and in processes for producing cooling or heat. Additionally, the fluoroolefin compositions of the present invention may be used to replace currently used refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions that have higher global warming potential.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump systems wherein the composition comprises a tetrafluoropropene and at least one other component. The compositions of the present invention are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat, as heat transfer fluids, foam blowing agents, aerosol propellants, and fire suppression and fire extinguishing agents.

Abstract: Provided are compositions, preferably azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions including 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and chlorotrifluoropropene, particularly 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd), and uses thereof of the compositions. The composition may be a heat transfer composition. The composition may be a blowing agent composition. The composition may be a solvent composition. The composition may be a sprayable composition.

Abstract: A principal object of the present invention is to provide a method for filling a refrigerant mixture. According to this method, when a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture comprising HFC-32 and HFO-1234yf is transferred, changes in the composition that occur during the transfer can be made to fall within an acceptable range in terms of refrigerant properties.

Abstract: The subject of the present application is a composition comprising a lubricant based on polyol esters (POEs) or PVE and a refrigerant F comprising from 1 to 99% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234A and from 1 to 99% by weight of trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (trans-HFO-1234ze). The subject of the present application is also the use of said composition in refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pumps.

Abstract: Compositions containing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and to the uses thereof as heat transfer fluid, expansion agents, solvents and aerosol. Compositions essentially containing between 10 and 90 wt. % of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, between 5 and 80 wt. % of HFC-134a and between 5 and 10 wt. % of HFC-32. Compositions essentially containing from 10 to 45% by weight of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, from 50 to 80% by weight of HFC-134a and from 5 to 10% by weight of HFC-32.

Abstract: Disclosed is a production method of a thermoplastic resin composition comprising: blending a thermoplastic resin (A) and a metal complex (B) and a ligand (C2), wherein the metal complex (B) has a ligand (C1) coordinated therein, and wherein the ligand (C2) has a higher boiling point than the ligand (C1) under atmospheric pressure, and then heating and mixing the resulting blend at a temperature of not less than a boiling point of the ligand (C1) and not more than a boiling point of the ligand (C2), to produce a thermoplastic resin composition that can provide a light-emitting body at low cost in which a light-emitting material is dispersed in the resin in a good dispersion state, excellent in transparency and excellent in light-emitting properties of visible light; a molding material obtained by molding the thermoplastic resin composition; and a light-emitting body obtained by molding the thermoplastic resin composition.

Abstract: A composition comprising: (a) at least one active component; and (b) a carrier in an amount effective to at least partially solvate or at least partially emulsify said active component, said carrier comprising monochloro,trifluoropropene.

Abstract: A ternary composition including: from 5 to 50% of difluoromethane; from 2 to 20% of pentafluoroethane; and from 30 to 90% of tetrafluoropropene. The tetrafluoropropene may be 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene or 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. This composition can be used as a heat-transfer fluid in vapor compression circuit. A process for heating or cooling a fluid or a body using a vapor compression circuit containing a heat transfer fluid, said process successively including evaporation of the heat transfer fluid, compression of the heat transfer fluid, condensation of the heat fluid and depressurization of the heat transfer fluid, in which the heat transfer fluid is a composition as described.

Abstract: Provided are azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions of 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xf) and hydrogen fluoride (HF). Such azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions are useful as intermediates in the production of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf).

Abstract: A salt or CaO coated with hydrophobic nanoparticles comprises an inner part and an outer coating, forming a particle with a permeable membrane keeping liquid inside and letting gas pass. Said inner part comprises at least one selected from a salt and CaO and said outer coating comprises hydrophobic nanoparticles. Known machines and processes can get enhanced functionality the particles comprising salt and nanoparticles. For machines working according to matrix and hybrid principles the particles can act as a matrix, thereby substituting expensive matrix material. Further applications include storage of chemical energy. A device is adapted to perform an absorption process, said device comprising at least one particle. Advantages include that corrosion is reduced or even eliminated. The long term stability of absorption machines is increased and migration of salt in liquid and gas phase is avoided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are flame suppression compounds and methods of use thereof. The compounds include unsaturated fluorocarbons appropriate for use in fire protection applications.

Abstract: The use of a ternary composition of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and difluoromethane, as a heat-transfer fluid, in compression refrigeration systems with exchangers operating in counterflow mode or in cross-flow mode with counterflow tendency. A heat-transfer process in which a ternary composition of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and difluoromethane is used as a refrigerant in compression systems with exchangers operating in counterflow mode or in cross-flow mode with counterflow tendency.

Abstract: Compounds and compositions, including engine oils and lubricant formulations comprising at least one estolide compound. Exemplary compositions comprise an estolide base oil and an additive package.

Abstract: The present invention provides a refrigerating machine oil comprising: a base oil; a sulfide compound; and a gallate, wherein a content of the sulfide compound is 0.01 to 2.0% by mass and a content of the gallate is 10 to 500 ppm by mass based on a total amount of the refrigerating machine oil, and the refrigerating machine oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 3 to 500 mm2/s.

Abstract: Estolide compounds and compositions, including two-cycle lubricating compositions comprising at least one estolide compound. Exemplary two-cycle lubricating compositions comprise an estolide base oil and an additive package.

Abstract: A composition including 2,4,4,4-10-tetrafluorobut-1-ene and cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene, and also the use thereof in particular as a heat transfer fluid. The composition may include: from 1% to 99% of 2,4,4,4-tetrafluorobut-1-ene and from 1% to 99% of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene; preferably from 5% to 70% of 2,4,4,4-tetrafluorobut-1-ene and from 30% to 95% of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene; preferably from 20% to 65% of 2,4,4,4-tetrafluorobut-1-ene and from 35% to 80% of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene; preferably from 25% to 60% of 2,4,4,4-tetrafluorobut-1-ene and from 40% to 75% of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene; preferably from 28% to 51% of 2,4,4,4-tetrafluorobut-1-ene and from 49% to 72% of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene.

Abstract: Disclosed is a graphene-based heat dissipation system for an electronic device, comprising: (a) an electronic device comprising a heat source, wherein the heat source transmits heat to a second component or an external surface of the electronic device; (b) a heat-conducting layer comprising two major surfaces, the heat-conducting layer being positioned such that one of its major surfaces is in operative contact with the heat source such that it is interposed between the heat source and the second component or the external surface of the electronic device; wherein the heat-conducting layer comprises at least one sheet of integrated graphene film which thermally shields the second component or the external surface of the electronic device from heat generated by the heat source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a separation process whereby 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233xf) is separated from a mixture containing other fluorinated organics and high boiling materials such as dimers using azeotropes of HF formed by adding appropriate amounts to the mixture which facilitate separation by, e.g. distillation.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for a refrigerating machine according to the present invention includes: a base oil including as a main component at least one kind of oxygen-containing compound selected from polyoxyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl ethers, copolymers of poly(oxy)alkylene glycols or monoethers thereof and polyvinyl ethers, polyol esters, and polycarbonates; a sulfonic acid metal salt having a hydrocarbyl group; and a phosphoric acid ester.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane for increasing the miscibility of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene with a lubricating oil, and in particular with a polyalkylene glycol oil. In this regard, the invention provides heat-transfer compositions and also equipment and processes using these compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition including a polyol ester (POE) or PVE lubricant and a refrigerant F including 3,3,3-trifluoropropene. The invention also relates to the use of said composition for refrigeration, air-conditioning, and for heat pump.

Abstract: The invention provides a heat transfer composition comprising (i) a first component selected from trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)), cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(Z)) and mixtures thereof; (ii) carbon dioxide (R-744); and (iii) a third component selected from 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (R-1243zf), and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Medicinal compositions, and devices, methods and systems which use the compositions, comprising a propellant and at least one medicinally active compound. The propellant comprises at least one fluoroolefin having at least two but less than seven carbon atoms.