Abstract: The present invention provides a chemiluminescent composition including an oxalate and a fluorescent material wherein the chemiluminescent composition is mixed with a composition including hydrogen peroxide to induce chemiluminescence. The chemiluminescent composition comprises a solvent for the oxalate and the fluorescent material, which includes an acetyl citrate ester or an organic solvent containing an acetyl citrate ester. As an alternative to dibutyl phthalate which is suspected to be one of endocrine disrupting chemicals, the solvent of the present invention can assure safety to human body while maintaining excellent storage stability and luminescent performance.

Abstract: A multi-structure lighting device. The lighting device includes multiple elongate structures that create a luminescent effect, and at least one connector. Each elongate structure is permanently affixed to another elongate structure by the connector. The connector can be a cross-shaped connector that includes ends that are inserted into the ends of chemiluminescent tubes thereby permanently affixing the tubes.

Abstract: The claims are drawn to a method of detecting seal breakage or incomplete seal formation in a package, said method comprising the steps of: (i) providing said package, prior to sealing, with a strip or ring of an indicator comprising an oxygen scavenging composition which includes a source of labile hydrogen or electrons and at least one reducible organic compound, wherein said strip or ring is located on an internal surface adjacent to where a seal is to be formed, (ii) treating the strip or ring with electromagnetic energy so as to reduce the reducible organic compound to a reduced form which is oxidizable by ground state molecular oxygen regardless of the presence of a transition metal catalyst and such that, when oxidized, there is a detectable change in a characteristic of said composition selected from the group consisting of: colour, fluorescence emission and UV-visible, infrared or near-infrared absorption, (iii) subjecting said package to a sealing process intended to seal the package, and (iv) detec

Abstract: The present invention discloses an anthracene compound represented by the following formula 4 and chemiluminescent composition comprising the compound: wherein R is an alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, and X1 and X2 are independently hydrogen or halogen.

Abstract: A liquid bubble solution comprising by volume: 45%˜70% water, 8%˜25% surface active agent, 2% glycerin, 1%˜2% fluorescent brightening agent, 4%˜6% luminous powder and 15%˜20% polyvinyl alcohol, and adapted to produce bubbles that provide illumination when viewed in the dark and under an external source of invisible ultraviolet or infrared radiation; the adoption of the luminous powder provides the function of illuminating in the dark while the polyvinyl alcohol forms a polyvinyl alcohol film on the surface of the bubble, making the bubble touchable and unbreakable.

Abstract: Compositions are disclosed comprising (a) a metal chelate wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of europium, terbium, dysprosium, samarium osmium and ruthenium in at least a hexacoordinated state and (b) a compound having a double bond substituted with two aryl groups, an oxygen atom and an atom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen wherein one of the aryl groups is electron donating with respect to the other. Such composition is preferably incorporated in a latex particulate material. Methods and kits are also disclosed for determining an analyte in a medium suspected of containing the analyte. The methods and kits employ as one component a composition as described above.

Abstract: A competitive assay for the concentration of a cyclic nucleotide such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate combines, in a reaction chamber provided with a capture antibody, an antibody for the cAMP or other cyclic nucleotide, the sample to be assayed and a conjugate of cAMP and alkaline phosphatase. The mixture is incubated and washed, and after washing, a 1,2-dioxetane which is caused to decompose when contacted by the alkaline phosphatase of said conjugate is added. The light emission caused by decomposition is measured, with the strength of the signal being inversely related to the concentration of the cyclic nucleotide. Optionally, an enhancement agent in the form of a polymeric onium salt may be added, to further enhance the light emission.

Abstract: The present invention provides formulae for fluorescent compounds that have a number of properties which make them uniquely suited for use in sensors of analytes such as saccharides. The advantageous fluorescent properties include favorable excitation wavelengths, emission wavelengths, fluorescence lifetimes, and photostability. Additional advantageous properties include enhanced aqueous solubility, as well as temperature and pH sensitivity. The compound comprises an aryl or a substituted phenyl botonic acid that acts as a substrate recognition component, a fluorescence switch component, and a fluorophore. Fluorescent compounds are described that are excited at wavelengths greater than 400 nm and emit at wavelengths greater than 450 nm, which is advantageous for optical transmission through skin. The fluorophore is typically selected from transition metal-ligand complexes and thiazine, oxazine, oxazone, or oxazine-one as well as anthracene compounds.

Abstract: Novel heterocyclic compounds which generate chemiluminescence on reaction with a phosphatase enzyme are provided as well as a process for their preparation and intermediates useful therein. The compounds comprise a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur-containing heterocyclic ring system bearing an exocyclic carbon—carbon double bond. The double bond is further substituted at the distal carbon with a phosphate group and an oxygen or sulfur atom-containing group. Novel compositions further comprising a cationic aromatic compound (CAC) in addition to the heterocyclic phosphate compound are provided. The addition of the CAC in the composition greatly increases the production of chemiluminescence and provides improved detection sensitivity. Compositions further comprising an anionic surfactant and a non-ionic surfactant provide additional improvements in detection sensitivity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to procedures for the detection or for the determination of solid phase-associated factors, which are multiply associated with the same solid phase. According to the invention, the sample is brought into contact with a transmitter particle, on which at least one ligand having binding affinity for a solid phase-associated factor and a transmitter are immobilized, and a receiver particle, on which at least one ligand having binding affinity for said solid phase-associated factor and a receiver is immobilized, and then the signal is determined which results when transmitter and receiver are brought sufficiently close to one another. In particular, the invention relates to the detection of cell surface receptors which can be used for the typing of cells or for the determination of cell activation states. It is thus possible to replace the hitherto widely customary flow cytometry by a more simple procedure.

Abstract: A formable, porous chemiluminescent reactant composition, device therefore, and a process for production thereof is disclosed. The fluidizable solid admixture of the instant invention may be cured to a more or less rigid form with or without the use of a mold. The cured solid is useful as a chemiluminescent reactant component and is useful in a variety of environments.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an anthracene compound represented by the following formula 4 and chemiluminescent composition comprising the compound: 1

Abstract: The present invention discloses a chemiluminescent composition generating red light comprising a solvent, an oxalate compound and a perylene compound represented by the following formula 2: 1

Abstract: The present invention teaches a chemiluminescent device along with a process for its production. The invention specifically relates to a chemiluminescent article of manufacture which includes a containment device and chemical system, both of which may be selected so as to be particularly susceptible to environmental degradation subsequent to their use. In a preferred embodiment the chemiluminescent device is categorized as being biodegradable, i.e. designed to be capable of losing its physical form and re-entering the environment.

Abstract: Interference pigment flakes and foils are provided which have luminescent and color-shifting properties. The pigment flakes can have a symmetrical coating structure on opposing sides of a core layer, can have an asymmetrical coating structure with all of the layers on one side of the core layer, or can be formed with encapsulating coatings around the core layer. The coating structure of the flakes and foils includes a core layer, a dielectric layer overlying the core layer, and an absorber layer overlying the dielectric layer. A luminescent material is incorporated into the flakes or foils as a separate layer or as at least part of one or more of the other layers. The pigment flakes and foils exhibit a discrete color shift so as to have a first color at a first angle of incident light or viewing and a second color different from the first color at a second angle of incident light or viewing.

Abstract: Interference pigment flakes and foils are provided which have luminescent and color-shifting properties. A luminescent material coating structure is provided which partially covers or encapsulates a color-shifting pigment flake, or covers the outer surface of a foil. The pigment flakes can have a symmetrical coating structure on opposing sides of a core layer, can have an asymmetrical coating structure with all of the layers on one side of the core layer, or can be formed with encapsulating coatings around the core layer. The coating structure of the flakes and foils includes a core layer, a dielectric layer overlying the core layer, and an absorber layer overlying the dielectric layer. The luminescent pigment flakes and foils exhibit a discrete color shift so as to have a first color at a first angle of incident light or viewing and a second color different from the first color at a second angle of incident light or viewing.

Abstract: Multicyclic aromatic compounds useful as complexing agents having the general formula: Methods of complexing and quantitating a component in a sample such as urea or guanidine are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for using a maleimide of formula (I) with the proviso that R1 and R2 do not simultaneously stand for phenyl or a maleimide of formula Ia as UV fluorescent material for void detection and for the preparation of scintillators films, luminescent solar energy collectors, organic electroluminescent devices, printing inks, non-impact printing inks, electrophotographic toners, color filters, and colored high molecular organic material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a negative active material for a lithium secondary battery. The negative active material includes graphitized coke having a graphitization catalyst element and non-flat artificial graphite. The negative active material for a lithium secondary battery has good electrolyte-immersibility due to the gap between the graphite particles from graphitized coke having a graphitization catalyst element, and non-flat artificial graphite. Therefore, the present invention may provide a lithium secondary battery which has good high-rate capacity and initial efficiency.

Abstract: Compositions adapted to be reacted with hydrogen peroxide to provide chemiluminescent light are disclosed wherein the fluorescer is selected from 1,7-disubstituted perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acids, their dianhydrides and diimides.

Abstract: A composition suitable for use in an ECL assay wherein electromagnetic radiation emitted by said composition is detected, which composition comprises (a) a metal-containing ECL moiety which, when oxidized by exposure to an effective amount of electrochemical energy, is capable of being converted to an excited state from which electromagnetic radiation is emitted upon exposure of the excited ECL moiety to conditions sufficient to induce said emission; (b) an amine or amine moiety which, when oxidized by exposure to an effective amount of electrochemical energy, forms a strong reducing agent in said composition; and (c) an electrolyte capable of functioning as a medium in which said ECL moiety and said amine or amine moiety can be oxidized by exposure to electrochemical energy.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for determining an analyte in a medium suspected of containing the analyte. One method comprises treating a medium suspected of containing an analyte under conditions such that the analyte, if present, causes a photosensitizer and a chemiluminescent compound to come into close proximity. The photosensitizer generates singlet oxygen and activates the chemiluminescent compound when it is in close proximity. The activated chemiluminescent compound subsequently produces light. The amount of light produced is related to the amount of analyte in the medium. Preferably, at least one of the photosensitizer and chemiluminescent compound is associated with a surface which is usually a suspendible particle, and a specific binding pair member is bound thereto. Compositions and kits are also disclosed.

Abstract: Spiroadamantyl dioxetanes bearing an alkoxy substituent, and an aromatic substituent of phenyl or naphthyl on the dioxetane ring can be activated to chemiluminesce if the aromatic substituent bears a moiety designated OX, wherein the X is cleaved by an enzyme with which the dioxetane is permitted to come in contact with. The T½ kinetics of the chemiluminescent reaction, as well as the signal intensity, or quantum yield of the chemiluminescent reaction, can be altered by selection of an electron-withdrawing or an electron-donating group Z, at positions on the aromatic substituent other than those adjacent the point of attachment to the dioxetane. Signal strength can further be enhanced by recognized chemiluminescent enhancers.

Abstract: Compositions are disclosed comprising (a) a metal chelate wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of europium, terbium, dysprosium, samarium osmium and ruthenium in at least a hexacoordinated state and (b) a compound having a double bond substituted with two aryl groups, an oxygen atom and an atom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen wherein one of the aryl groups is electron donating with respect to the other. Such composition is preferably incorporated in a latex particulate material. Methods and kits are also disclosed for determining an analyte in a medium suspected of containing the analyte. The methods and kits employ as one component a composition as described above.

Abstract: A kit for detecting a first substance in a sample including a stabilized 1,2-dioxetane bearing an enzyme-labile substituent, which is destabilized and caused to decompose by contacting the 1,2-dioxetane with an enzyme under conditions which cause the enzyme to cleave the enzyme-labile group from the dioxetane, thereby yielding a negatively charged oxygen anion bonded to the 1,2-dioxetane, which causes the 1,2-dioxetane to decompose without input from an external excitation energy source, the decomposition being accompanied by chemiluminescence; and a second component selected from the group consisting of a specific affinity substance (e.g., an antigen, an antibody or a nucleic acid probe) and an enzyme which destabilizes said 1,2-dioxetane.

Abstract: A phosphor capable of preventing a deterioration in luminous characteristics thereof, particularly, high-temperature operation characteristics thereof due to a SiO2-containing pigment added thereto. The phosphor has a pigment contained therein, wherein the pigment has SiO2 added thereto and is melted, to thereby be coated with sodium glass. This permits gas generated during operation of the phosphor to be adsorbed on the phosphor as compared with a conventional phosphor to which the pigment subjected to the above-described treatment is not added, resulting in luminance retention of the phosphor after operation thereof being increased. In particular, it permits characteristics of the non-driven phosphor after the high-temperature operation test to be enhanced.

Abstract: Novel heterocyclic compounds which generate chemiluminescence on reaction with a phosphatase enzyme are provided as well as a process for their preparation and intermediates useful therein. The compounds comprise a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur-containing heterocyclic ring system bearing an exocyclic carbon—carbon double bond. The double bond is further substituted at the distal carbon with a phosphate group and an oxygen or sulfur atom-containing group. Novel compositions further comprising a cationic aromatic compound (CAC) in addition to the heterocyclic phosphate compound are provided. The addition of the CAC in the composition greatly increases the production of chemiluminescence and provides improved detection sensitivity. Compositions further comprising an anionic surfactant and a non-ionic surfactant provide additional improvements in detection sensitivity.

Abstract: A ruthenium (II) complex having a dipyridophenazine or tetrapyridophenazine ligand and being represented by the formula (1) or (2) shown in the specification. Upon absorption of light, the complex emits fluorescence for a longer life time in a protic solvent as compared with known analogous compounds.

Abstract: Novel heterocyclic compounds which generate chemiluminescence on reaction with a phosphatase enzyme are provided as well as a process for their preparation and intermediates useful therein. The compounds comprise a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur-containing heterocyclic ring system bearing an exocyclic carbon-carbon double bond. The double bond is further substituted at the distal carbon with a phosphate group and an oxygen or sulfur atom-containing group. Novel compositions further comprising a cationic aromatic compound (CAC) in addition to the heterocyclic phosphate compound are provided. The addition of the CAC in the composition greatly increases the production of chemiluminescence and provides improved detection sensitivity. Compositions further comprising an anionic surfactant and a non-ionic surfactant provide additional improvements in detection sensitivity.

Abstract: This invention is directed toward a process for producing chemiluminescent light of varying coloration and to devices which utilize the process. The process incorporates multiple fluorescers, at variable concentrations, having varying degrees of stability in peroxide. At the onset of the reaction, chemiluminescent light is generated by both the peroxide stable and less stable , e.g. peroxide unstable fluorescers, resulting in a first visible color. As the peroxide attacks the unstable fluorescer, its predominant color fades, and a different color is perceived. Inclusion of this process in chemiluminescent light producing devices results in a device which changes colors during its useful life.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for determining an analyte in a medium suspected of containing the analyte. One method comprises treating a medium suspected of containing an analyte under conditions such that the analyte, if present, causes a photosensitizer and a chemiluminescent compound to come into close proximity. The photosensitizer generates singlet oxygen and activates the chemiluminescent compound when it is in close proximity. The activated chemiluminescent compound subsequently produces light. The amount of light produced is related to the amount of analyte in the medium. Preferably, at least one of the photosensitizer and chemiluminescent compound is associated with a surface which is usually a suspendible particle, and a specific binding pair member is bound thereto. Compositions and kits are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and means for bonding an object to a surface use emitted light from a chemiluminescent source to cure a photo-curable adhesive. This non-electrical source of light cures different photo-curable adhesives which can be tuned to different wavelengths of light emitted by different chemiluminescent sources. The curing is relatively quick and requires no electrical lighting in a wide range of environmental conditions, including under water and in air, with little or no ancillary support. An inexpensive and expendable photo-curable adhesive system is provided which is greatly simplified as compared to electrically powered curing systems.

Abstract: Novel heterocyclic compounds which generate chemiluminescence on reaction with a phosphatase enzyme are provided as well as a process for their preparation and intermediates useful therein. The compounds comprise a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur-containing heterocyclic ring system bearing an exocyclic carbon-carbon double bond. The double bond is further substituted at the distal carbon with a phosphate group and an oxygen or sulfur atom-containing group. Novel compositions further comprising a cationic aromatic compound (CAC) in addition to the heterocyclic phosphate compound are provided. The addition of the CAC in the composition greatly increases the production of chemiluminescence and provides improved detection sensitivity. Compositions further comprising an anionic surfactant and a non-ionic surfactant provide additional improvements in detection sensitivity.

Abstract: Chemiluminescent electron-rich aryl-substituted 1,2-dioxetane compounds are disclosed in which the aryl group is poly-substituted with suitable electron-donating groups such that the light-emitting pattern of the molecule results in a very high luminescent count, thus providing for a sensitive and precise assay for haptens, analytes, polynucleotides and the like. These substituted aryl-containing 1,2-dioxetane compounds can be used as direct labels in an immunoassay or when derivatized with an appropriate leaving group, can be used as a substrate for a enzyme immunoassay. The unusual chemiluminescence of the compounds allows the timing of the luminescent reaction to be exactly controlled.

Abstract: Novel heterocyclic compounds which generate chemiluminescence on reaction with a phosphatase enzyme are provided as well as a process for their preparation and intermediates useful therein. The compounds comprise a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur-containing heterocyclic ring system bearing an exocyclic carbon-carbon double bond. The double bond is further substituted at the distal carbon with a phosphate group and an oxygen or sulfur atom-containing group.Novel compositions further comprising a cationic aromatic compound (CAC) in addition to the heterocyclic phosphate compound are provided. The addition of the CAC in the composition greatly increases the production of chemiluminescence and provides improved detection sensitivity. Compositions further comprising an anionic surfactant and a non-ionic surfactant provide additional improvements in detection sensitivity.

Abstract: An electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based assay for the quantitation of classical clinical chemistry analytes, where glucose, ethanol, carbon dioxide, cholesterol, as H.sub.2 O.sub.2 liberating systems coupled to a tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) Ru(bpy).sub.3.sup.2+ luminophore generate an ECL signal, which can be detected spectrophotometrically or electrochemically. The H.sub.2 O.sub.2 present reacts with oxalate in the presence of Ru(bpy).sub.3.sup.2+ to give an ECL response.

Abstract: Devices and methods for generating electrogenerated chemiluminescence, using an electrode which is coated with an immobilized layer of a compound capable of generating ECL. The coated electrode can be immersed along with a second electrode into an electrolyte solution containing a reactant which can react with the immobilized compound to generate ECL.

Abstract: Dioxetanes that can be triggered by bases are provided which can be used to detect bases in organic solvents, aqueous preparations and detect gaseous bases in the atmosphere. The dioxetanes can be used to detect the release of bases from various labels, as a means to detect the presence of a base released by physical or natural processes, to calibrate light measuring apparatus and to determine the amount of reducing or oxidizing agent present in the base.

Abstract: The present invention provides low molecular weight fluorescent labeling complexes with large wavelength shifts between absorption of one dye in the complex and emission from another dye in the complex. These complexes can be used, for example, for multiparameter fluorescence cell analysis using a single excitation wavelength. The low molecular weight of the complex permits materials labeled with the complex to penetrate cell structures for use as probes. The labeling complexes are synthesized by covalently attaching through linkers at least one cyanine fluorochrome to another low molecular weight fluorochrome to form energy donor-acceptor complexes. Resonance energy transfer from an excited donor to fluorescent acceptor provides wavelength shifts up to 300 nm. The fluorescent labeling complexes preferably contain reactive groups for the labeling of functional groups on target compounds, such as derivatized oxy and deoxy polynucleic acids, antibodies, enzymes, proteins and other materials.

Abstract: The chemiluminescent light system of the present invention utilizes esters of sufficiently high purity, e.g. triethyl citrate or dimethyl phthalate as the activator solvent to provide enhancements over the prior art chemiluminescent systems. These enhancements are manifested in terms of the rate of light production, e.g. the "flatness" of the light output profile, and the total light output achieved during a device's useful life. In a preferred embodiment, the unreacted acid content of esterified solutions, useful as activators in chemiluminescent systems, should be no greater than 0.05 weight percent. The activator solutions of the instant invention also provide triethyl citrates of sufficient purity, in terms of the absence of carbon double-bond compounds, to provide enhanced light generation and increased total light output, as compared to prior art chemiluminescent systems.

Abstract: Chemiluminescent labeling compounds and chemiluminescent labeled conjugates are provided. The compounds comprise an acridan ring bearing an exocyclic double bond and further contain a labeling substituent which permits attachement to compounds of interest. The novel chemiluminescent compounds and labeled conjugates generated chemiluminescence rapidly after undergoing a reaction with an acid, an oxidant and a base. The compounds and conjugates are useful in assays of an analyte in a sample and in assays employing labeled specific binding pairs.

Abstract: A kit for detecting a first substance in a sample comprising a dioxetane having the formula: ##STR1## wherein T is a cycloalkyl or polycycloalkyl group bonded to the 4-membered ring portion of the dioxetane by a spiro linkage; Y is a fluorescent chromophore; X is H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, or an enzyme-cleavable group; and Z is H or an enzyme-cleavable group, provided that at least one of X or Z must be an enzyme-cleavable group; and an enzyme which cleaves the enzyme-cleavable group of the dioxetane creating an electron-rich moiety which destabilizes the dioxetane, causing it to decompose into two ketones, one ketone comprising the moiety T, and the other ketone comprising moieties X, Y and a portion of Z. The energy released by decomposition causes the moiety Y to luminesce.

Abstract: A chemiluminescent illuminated novelty device employing a a light-filtering thermoformed vessel having a form for holding chemiluminescent reagents, e.g. a round shaped chemical holding section. The lighting effects generated by reaction of the chemiluminescent reagents are enhanced by the presence of particles containing a secondary fluorescer. In one embodiment, these particles may have a particular geometrical shape, e.g. a star or heart shape, and further contain a secondary fluorescer capable of being excited by the primary chemiluminescent light source so as to emit a secondary source of light which creates a glitter effect.

Abstract: An electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based assay for the quantitation of classical clinical chemistry analytes, where glucose, ethanol, carbon dioxide, cholesterol, as H.sub.2 O.sub.2 liberating systems coupled to a tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) Ru(bpy).sub.3.sup.2+ luminophore generate an ECL signal, which can be detected spectrophotometrically or electrochemically. The H.sub.2 O.sub.2 present reacts with oxalate in the presence of Ru(bpy).sub.3.sup.2+ to give an ECL response.

Abstract: Novel heterocyclic compounds which generate chemiluminescence on reaction with a phosphatase enzyme are provided as well as a process for their preparation and intermediates useful therein. The compounds comprise a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur-containing heterocyclic ring system bearing an exocyclic carbon-carbon double bond. The double bond is further substituted at the distal carbon with a phosphate group and an oxygen or sulfur atom-containing group.Novel compositions further comprising a cationic aromatic compound (CAC) in addition to the heterocyclic phosphate compound are provided. The addition of the CAC in the composition greatly increases the production of chemiluminescence and provides improved detection sensitivity. Compositions further comprising an anionic surfactant and a non-ionic surfactant provide additional improvements in detection sensitivity.

Abstract: Luminol derived monomers, and luminol derived water-treatment polymers formed from the luminol derived monomers, as well as methods for monitoring of the chemiluminescence of such water-treatment polymers are disclosed. The novel chemiluminescent polymers require only a very low level of incorporation of the chemiluminescent moiety, and are useful for monitoring, even in systems containing impurities which either quench fluorescence or fluoresce themselves.

Abstract: Novel heterocyclic compounds which generate chemiluminescence on reaction with a phosphatase enzyme are provided as well as a process for their preparation and intermediates useful therein. The compounds comprise a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur-containing heterocyclicring system bearing an exocyclic carbon-carbon double bond. The double bond is further substituted at the distal carbon with a phosphate group and an oxygen or sulfur atom-containing group. Novel compositions further comprising a cationic aromatic compound (CAC) in addition to the heterocyclic phosphate compound are provided. The addition of the CAC in the composition greatly increases the production of chemiluminescence and provides improved detection sensitivity. Compositions further comprising an anionic surfactant and a non-ionic surfactant provide additional improvements in detection sensitivity.

Abstract: Compounds which generate red chemiluminescence on reaction with a phosphatase enzyme are provided as well as intermediates useful for their preparation. The chemiluminescent compounds comprise a luciferin ring system and an exocyclic enol phosphate group where the position on the luciferin ring system adjacent to the double bond is disubstituted. The chemiluminescent compounds are useful alone or within compositions containing a cationic aromatic compound in methods for producing chemiluminescence. The chemiluminescent reactions can be applied in assays for phosphatase enzymes and in assays employing enzyme-labeled specific binding pairs.

Abstract: Stable, enzymatically triggered chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetanes with improved water solubility and storage stability are provided as well as synthetic processes and intermediates used in their preparation. Dioxetanes further substituted with two or more water-solubilizing groups disposed on the dioxetane structure and an additional fluorine atom or lower alkyl group provide superior performance by eliminating the problem of reagent carryover when used in assays performed on capsule chemistry analytical systems. These dioxetanes display substantially improved stability on storage. Compositions comprising these dioxetanes, a non-polymeric cationic surfactant enhancer and optionally a fluorescer, for providing enhanced chemiluminescence are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to fluorescent dyes that are substituted or unsubstituted derivatives of 1-(isoindolyl)methylene-isoindole that are bound through both isoindole nitrogens to a boron difluoride moiety, forming a fluorescent dibenzopyrrometheneboron difluoride compound ##STR1## that is further substituted by bathochromic substituents that are aryl or heteroaryl moieties further substituted by an additional aryl or heteroaryl, that is itself optionally further substituted by an additional aryl or heteroaryl. These aryl and heteroaryl groups are separated by a covalent bond, or by an ethenyl, butadienyl or hexatrienyl linkage. The dyes of the invention are particularly useful as labels for carriers, particularly polymeric microparticles. The resulting microparticles have a long-wavelength fluorescence emission, and possess utility for tracing flow in biological systems, particularly in tracing blood flow.