Abstract: An improved process for the production of sulfonated rubrene is disclosed whereby fuming sulfuric acid is employed as the sulfonating agent. The resultant sulfonated rubrene is used as a fluorescer in water-soluble chemiluminescent mixtures e.g. in combination with a water-soluble amide of oxalic acid and hydrogen peroxide or a source of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A container adapted for insertion into a device is disclosed wherein the container has fitted into its hollow interior the components required to form therein and eject therefrom a chemiluminescent light emitting material upon impact of the device.

Abstract: Compositions intended to be reacted with hydrogen peroxide to produce chemiluminescent light are disclosed wherein the compositions contain an oxalate, a fluorescer and a soluble perylene dye.

Abstract: Chemiluminescent mixtures utilize mono and di-alkyl substituted 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene derivatives to provide higher chemiluminescence efficiencies. The preferred fluorescers are 2-ethyl-9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene and 1,4-dimethyl-9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene.

Abstract: Catalysts for low temperature hydrogen peroxide/oxalate ester fluorescer miluminescent systems are disclosed. Lithium carboxylic said salt catalysts which lower the activation energy of the reaction and also reduce the temperature dependence of the light emission process are preferred.

Abstract: A liquid, homogeneous mixture for use in the LSC (Liquid Scintillation Counting) analysis technique, comprising a scintillation liquid, a scintillator and a surfactant, wherein the surfactant includes one or more phosphoric acid esters having formula 1 and/or formula 2 of the sheet of formulae, in which R', R" and R'" represent an organic group, which phosphor acid esters are neutralized to a pH, at which the neutralization product comprises a mono- and/or diphosphate with an alkaline material having a pK.sub.a of at least 5, and in which of the organic phosphoric acid esters having formula 1, R" and R'" may be the same or different.

Abstract: Disclosure herein is novel oxalic acid ester derivatives represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein either one of X and Y represents a nitro group, and the other represents ##STR2## in which R represents a lower alkyl group, and n represents a figure of 1-50. The oxalic acid ester derivatives are useful as chemiluminescent reagents for fluororescent substances.

Abstract: A method of chemiluminescently determining a sulfide which is either hydrogen sulfide or methyl mercaptan by reacting the sulfide with chlorine dioxide at low pressure and under conditions which allow a longer reaction time in emission of a single photon for every two sulfide containing species, and thereafter, chemiluminescently detecting and determining the sulfide. The invention also relates not only to the detection method, but the novel chemical reaction that generates chemiluminescent light and a specifically designed chemiluminescence detection cell for the reaction.

Abstract: Fluorescers for use in chemiluminescent mixtures having aqueous or organic solvent systems. The compounds have the formula ##STR1## wherein m is an integer from 1 to 5, n is an integer from 1 to 20, and R represents hydrogen, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl. In the preferred embodiments m is 1, n is 5, and R is methyl, or hydrogen.

Abstract: A novel encapsulation method is provided in which liposome dispersions are dried in the presence of a material to be encapsulated. As drying occurs, the individual liposomes fuse to form multilamellar structures which capture the material between lipid lamellae. Upon rehydration, lipid vesicles form which efficiently encapsulate the material.

Abstract: Ditridecyl Phthalate and Ditridecyl Adipate are disclosed as being useful for increasing brightness and duration in Chemiluminescent Systems wherein a hydrogen peroxide component and an oxalate ester-fluorescer component are mixed and reacted to produce light.

Abstract: Aqueous chemiluminescent systems are found to have improved chemiluminesence due to presence of surfactants in minor amounts.

Abstract: Fluorescers for use in chemiluminescent mixtures having aqueous or organic solvent systems. The compounds have the formula ##STR1## wherein m is an integer from 1 to 5, n is an integer from 1 to 20, and R represents hydrogen, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl. In the preferred embodiments m is 1, n is 5, and R is methyl, or hydrogen.

Abstract: N,N'-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)oxamides are described with 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, (ethoxycarbonyl)methyl, and [(phenylmethoxy)carbonyl]methyl substitution at the amido nitrogen atoms. These compounds, when used in chemiluminescent formulations, furnish superior light capacity and quantum efficiency. Preparation of the compounds and their use for chemiluminescence are described.

Abstract: Compounds useful as fluorescers in aqueous chemiluminescent mixtures, have the formula ##STR1## wherein X and Y represent hydrogen, or a quaternary ammonium group ##STR2## wherein m is 0 or 1n is an integer from one to fiveR.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 represent C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, or two of them form ring with N to make piperidinium, morpholinium or pyrrolidinium, andZ is an ion,the compound having at least one such quaternary group.