Abstract: A carbonator tank includes a liquid inlet, a gas inlet and a liquid outlet. A liquid level sensor includes a liquid level sensing portion extending along and within the interior of the carbonator and provides for determining a full and minimal liquid level therein. The level sensor includes an outer contact portion for connection to an electronic control and the contact portion is integral with the liquid inlet. Additionally, the level sensor includes a deflection plate extending from the liquid level sensing portion in a direction there from that is transverse to the direction of flow of liquid into the carbonator interior through the liquid inlet. The liquid then flows into the carbonator interior and contacts the deflection plate and is deflected thereby so that such liquid flow does not disrupt the operation of the level sensing portion of the level sensor.

Abstract: The Diffusion Bar Aerobic Treatment Plant (“DBATP”) is a device which processes sewage for buildings which are not connected to municipal sewer lines. It is comprised of a pre-tank which captures trash and allows anaerobic microorganisms to begin breaking down the sewage, an aerobic tank where aerobic microorganisms digest the sewage, and a post-tank which acts as a gravity separating clarifier in which solid particulate contaminants settle downward, leaving a clean effluent for discharge to the environment. The aerobic tank encompasses a diffusion bar, which emits air bubbles that activate and stimulate the aerobic microorganisms.

Abstract: A carbonator for use in a beverage dispenser may include a tank having a first end and a second end. An inlet in the second end of the tank may be configured to receive a supply of CO2. The carbonator may include a baffle in the tank between the first end and the second end and an orifice in the first end of the tank. The orifice may be structured and arranged to direct a stream of water into the tank. The baffle may be positioned in the tank so as to target a desired carbonation level of the water in the tank.

Abstract: An improved flotation separation apparatus for separating and classifying diverse, liquid-suspended solids having a plurality of high volume air bubble infusers. Each infuser includes a circular cavity defined by an interior circumferential wall. A plurality of stationary impinging plates projecting from the interior circumferential wall into the circular cavity and equally spaced circumferentially in series therealong. An injecting stream of water and air impinges upon the impinging plates in series to repeatedly create, divide and subdivide air bubbles as the injection stream transverses the series of impinging plates.

Abstract: The present Invention relates to a humidifier that has a housing defining a chamber having at least one open end. The housing is provided with a gas inlet connectable in fluid communication with a source of gas having a first moisture content, and a gas outlet connectable with a passageway for the withdrawal of a gas having a second moisture content greater than the first moisture content. The humidifier also has at least one fluid distributing portion disposed within the at least one open end of the housing to continuously distribute a fluid within the chamber, and at least one baffle disposed within the housing to define a flow path for the gas to be humidified. During operation, the gas absorbs at least a portion of the fluid as the fluid is being continuously distributed in the chamber thereby increasing the moisture content of the gas as it travels from the gas inlet towards the gas outlet.

Abstract: A gas humidifier provides a continuous flow of gas through two stages of bubbling with an intermediate heating stage. Gas is introduced into an enclosure containing a quantity of bulk water by pumping the gas into a gas entry pipe or tube. The gas exits the gas entry pipe to bubble up through a bubbling evaporator. At the water surface of the bubbling evaporator, a heating element heats the gas-vapor mixture. The heated gas-vapor mixture then bubbles up through the bulk water, and the temperature of the bulk water determines the thermal cycles of the heating element. The gas-vapor mixture bubbles up through the bulk water, reaching saturation at the dew point. The saturated gas is then directed from the humidifier for use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method, a module, and a device for gas-liquid contacting.

Abstract: Supporting brackets (9) formed by integrating fixed plates (8) extending generally through the overall length of a tube body (2) of a single tube drift generator (1) with support leg members (7) extending in the axial direction of the single tube drift generator (1), comprising a pair of right and left side frames (9a) and (9b) obtained by integrally forming the fixed plates (8) with the support leg members (7) and the cushioning material (9c) provided between the pair of right and left side frames (9a) and (9b), wherein the plurality of support brackets (9) are disposed on the side surface of the tube body (2) of the drift generator (1), and the tube body (2) of the drift generator (1) is connected, through generally the overall length thereof, to the fixed plates (8) of the support brackets (9).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dissolving a gas into a fluid which may contain at least one other dissolved gas. The apparatus includes an inlet tube for receipt of the fluid from a container containing the fluid. A gas inlet is operably connected to the inlet tube for the introduction of gas into the fluid. The mixture of gas and fluid is introduced into a gas transfer device via the inlet tube. The gas transfer device is positioned below the surface of the fluid in the container so that the gas transfer device is hydrostatically pressurized in order to increase the rate and concentration at which the gas is dissolved into the fluid. The gas and fluid mixture is allowed to flow downward through the gas transfer device such that bubbles of gas are dissolved in the fluid. The fluid having the gas dissolved therein enters an outlet means positioned within the gas transfer device.

Abstract: This invention describes systems and methods for mixing two fluids. A first fluid, usually fuel, is passed through a primary passage that typically leads to a carburetor or other inlet to a combustion engine. A second fluid, usually air, is mixed with the first by introducing it to the primary passage through an inlet located upstream in the primary passage. The mixture of fluids is then further emulsified by passing it over a plurality of obstructions, such as a threaded interior surface of the primary passage, located within the primary passage downstream of the inlet.

Abstract: This is an improved impingement jet aeration having steps of airlifting water in the body of the aerator and issuing a water jet into the body of water being aerated, wherein the efficiency of these two steps is greater than the sum of these step. The process is further improved by applying oscillations to the issuing water jet and rocking to a floating version of the aerator. The floating aerator can also be moved over the body of water being aerated. This aerator can also be selfpropelled.

Abstract: A mass transfer machine removes dissolved gases or volatile organic compounds from air or a liquid. The mass transfer machine includes a vessel capable of containing a liquid and having a liquid inlet and an air inlet at a near end. It further includes a liquid outlet at a far end. Two or more baffles are located transversely inside of the vessel. The baffle located nearest to the far end of the vessel has a window. Two or more diffusers are located near a bottom surface of the vessel. The diffusers are in communication with the air inlet and have two or more orifices through a wall. An adjustable plate is releasably mounted over the window of the baffle located closest to the far end of the vessel. The plate is adjustable in a vertical direction. In one embodiment, an air source supplies air to the air inlet located on the near end of the vessel. In another embodiment, an air source is connected to the an air exit located on the far side of the vessel.

Abstract: A container for liquid oil of energy includes a container body, a top cover and a bottom cover. The container body is made of aluminum squeezed into a tubular shape with a hollow interior and provided with plural vertical support posts and a vertical projection fitted with a gasification box. The top cover and the bottom cover are respectively fitted on the top edges and the bottom edges of the support posts. The top cover is fixed with a stop valve and an air filling pump functioning to turn off power. Then, the bottom side of the stop valve is connected with an air intake pipe extending into the gasification box. The oil container of such design is easy in manufacturing, possible to lower manufacturing cost and capable to permit the oil and air inside mixed completely to elevate the degree of gasification and density of oil gas.

Abstract: An odor control apparatus for a facultative lagoon, and a facultative lagoon created and maintained thereby. The apparatus includes an aerator and a cover. The aerator can include a body with an inlet and an outlet and a support such as a float. The inlet and outlet are submerged slightly beneath the surface of the material in the lagoon. Air supplied under pressure to the aerator diffuses oxygen into the aerobic layer of the lagoon. The dissolved oxygen is used in the biodegradation of the hazardous and odorous gases of the waste material that would otherwise be emitted into the atmosphere. The cover is either porous or non-porous and covers some or substantially all of the lagoon surface. The cover promotes accumulation and concentration of desirable odor degrading bacteria in the lagoon.

Abstract: A scrubber for removing soluble materials from harmful gaseous effluents with high efficiency and safety is disclosed. By using twice mixes of the scrubbing liquid and the harmful gaseous effluent, the scrubber meets the standards of environmental protection. The scrubber of this invention also prevents the problems of factory safety presented in the conventional fume scrubber. Owing to the high efficiency of the mixing of the harmful gaseous effluent and the scrubbing liquid, the production facilities or processing units need not stop operating once the supply of the scrubbing liquid terminates.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dissolving a gas into a fluid which may contain at least one dissolved gas. The apparatus includes an inlet through which fluid enters the apparatus. The fluid is then housed in a chamber. The apparatus also includes a feed for the introduction of the gas into the fluid housed in the chamber. The chamber has a first portion having a diverging interior surface and a second portion having a cylindrical surface, which configuration enhances gas absorption. Further, the apparatus includes an acceleration plate which accelerates the flow of fluids and gas bubbles in the chamber. In addition, the apparatus includes a helix-shaped bubble harvestor which removes fugitive (undissolved) gas bubbles from the fluid flow and returns them to the chamber above the harvester to increase the probability that those bubbles will be dissolved in the fluid. Fluid having gas dissolved therein exits the chamber through an aperture through the bottom surface of the chamber into an outlet.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dissolving a gas into a fluid which may contain at least one dissolved gas. The apparatus includes a conventional U-tube oxygenator which includes a U-tube member having an inlet for the introduction of the fluid and the gas to be dissolved into the fluid, and an outlet. The fluid is housed in the U-tube member. The apparatus further includes a helix-shaped bubble harvestor located proximate the bottom of the inlet side of the U-tube member. The helix-shaped bubble harvester removes fugitive (undissolved) gas bubbles from the fluid flow and returns them to the bubble swarm located above the helix-shaped bubble harvestor. The resulting fluid, which contains a high concentration of dissolved gas, exits the outlet of the U-tube member.

Abstract: A automatic bubble generator has a bubble solution reservoir to hold bubble solution and has an outlet nozzle and an air supply tube with a primary tube extending into the bubble solution reservoir and immersed in the solution for providing air to generate bubbles and having an auxiliary tube extending to and below the outlet nozzle of the bubble solution reservoir.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for aeration of septic tanks and the like. Because of the interrelationship of the rotating impeller, an air plate and the horsepower of the unit in comparison with the volumetric size of the sludge tank, the unit disperses extremely small reduced pressure microbubbles adjacent the area of the impeller. These reduced pressure microbubbles are thereafter dispersed throughout the wastewater by Brownian movement without agitating the sludge. As a result, there is substantially increased lateral oxygen transfer to replace the oxygen used by the aerobic bacteria. The sludge is therefore efficiently digested without the need for huge, expensive and energy inefficient equipment.

Abstract: The device includes a vertical sheath (11) extending in a part of the height of the tank (1), a funnel (14) located around the upper part of the sheath (11), a vertical shaft (19) driving the propeller (20) in rotation, anti-vortex blades (24) located inside the sheath (11), below the propeller (20), a pipe (33) for injecting a gas under pressure in the sheath (11), below the anti-vortex blades (24), and uniquely static stirring obstacles (31, 32) for stirring the liquid (3) by turbulence inside the sheath (11), these obstacles being located below the anti-vortex blades (24). The invention is applicable for example to the treatment of fatty waste products extracted from town sewage effluents or agricultural food industries.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving contact between a liquid and a reactant gas by moving the liquid in a serpentine path that moves horizontally and vertically through individual chambers or stations in an elongated tank or reactor and introducing a reactant gas into the liquid in one or more of the stations or chambers as the liquid moves through the tank or reactor.

Abstract: A fluid contactor is taught for mixing and reacting of fluids. Mixing is enhanced by providing a suitable residence time and suitable surface area contact by forming eddy flow within the fluid and thereby the formation of vortexes. Such a contactor does not require the use of mechanical mixers. The contact chamber of the present invention can enhance chemical modification by use of chemical modifiers such as ultraviolet lamps, by allowing the positioning of such modifiers adjacent the vortexes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dissolving a gas into a fluid which may contain at least one dissolved gas. The apparatus comprises a conventional U-tube oxygenator which includes a U-tube member having an inlet for the introduction of the fluid and the gas to be dissolved into the fluid, and an outlet. The fluid is housed in the U-tube member. The apparatus further comprises a helix-shaped bubble harvestor located proximate the bottom of the inlet side of the U-tube member. The helix-shaped bubble harvestor removes fugitive (undissolved) gas bubbles from the fluid flow and returns them to the bubble swarm located above the helix-shaped bubble harvester. The resulting fluid, which contains a high concentration of dissolved gas, exits the outlet of the U-tube member.

Abstract: The swirling type micro-bubble generating system according to the present invention has a container main unit having a conical space or a bottle-like space, a liquid inlet provided in tangential direction on a part of circumferential surface of inner wall of said space, a gas introducing hole provided on the bottom of said space, and a swirling gas-liquid outlet arranged at the top of said space. According to this system, it is possible to readily generate micro-bubbles in industrial scale, and the system is relatively small in size and has simple structure and can be easily manufactured. The system can be used in the applications such as purification of water quality in ponds, lakes, marshes, man-made lakes, rivers, etc., for processing of polluted water using microorganisms, culture of fishes and other aquatic animals, and increase of oxygen and dissolved oxygen in culture solution in hydroponic culture farm and improvement of production yield.

Abstract: A mass transfer machine removes dissolved gases or volatile organic compounds from air or a liquid. The mass transfer machine includes a vessel capable of containing a liquid and having a liquid inlet and an air inlet at a near end. It further includes a liquid outlet at a far end. Two or more baffles are located transversely inside of the vessel. The baffle located nearest to the far end of the vessel has a window. Two or more diffusers are located near a bottom surface of the vessel. The diffusers are in communication with the air inlet and have two or more orifices through a wall. An adjustable plate is releasably mounted over the window of the baffle located closest to the far end of the vessel. The plate is adjustable in a vertical direction. In one embodiment, an air source supplies air to the air inlet located on the near end of the vessel. In another embodiment, an air source is connected to the an air exit located on the far side of the vessel.

Abstract: Passive humidifier for a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device having a plurality of chambers defined by arced baffles. Each opening between the arced baffles is provided with a deflector baffle to prevent direct passage of air.

Abstract: A process is supported in a mixing tank providing a partition dividing the mixing tank into two separate side-by-side cells, the mixing tank further providing a fixed ceiling. A vertical beam engages with and extends upwardly from the mixing tank above the fixed ceiling of the tank and terminates at a pivotal coupling. A supporting beam is joined medially with the pivotal coupling of the vertical beam, for see-saw type tilting motion about the vertical beam, the supporting beam providing a further pivotal coupling at each terminal end. A pair of vertical linear struts, each is pivotally coupled at an upper end with one of the pivotal couplings at the terminal ends of the supporting beam, and each rigidly is joined at a lower end to a buoyancy shell within one of the cells. Each of the linear struts passes through an aperture in the fixed ceiling of the mixing tank, so as to accommodate lateral motion of the linear struts as the support beam moves in a see-saw type tilting motion.

Abstract: An apparatus for dissolving a gas into a fluid which may contain at least one dissolved gas. The apparatus includes a first vertically oriented tube defining a first inner space and a second vertically oriented tube of diameter larger than the first tube and concentrically oriented about the first tube. The space between the first and second tubes is referred to as the second inner space. The gas is introduced through an inlet into the second inner space. The apparatus includes an acceleration device for accelerating the flow of fluid through the second inner space. The apparatus includes a helix-shaped bubble harvester which removes fugitive (undissolved) bubbles from the fluid flow and returns them to the second inner space to increase the probability that those bubbles will be dissolved into the fluid.

Abstract: In order to prevent global warming, technology is developed for dissolving carbon dioxide gas in waste gas containing carbon dioxide, which is discharged in large quantities from stations gas generating facilities such as thermal power plants, in sea water and isolating it deep in the sea.

Abstract: Apparatus for facilitating the mixing, absorption and/or retention of carbon dioxide ‘CO2’ in hydrocarbon fuel to economically produce a safety-enhanced and/or improved-combustion fuel. The apparatus includes at least one mixing receptacle having at least one coupling with a controllable inert gas supply; at least one coupling with a controllable hydrocarbon fuel supply; and at least one coupling with a CO2-enriched fuel fuel-line. The mixing receptacle(s) is configured to retain a volume of fuel and a volume of CO2 such that CO2-enriched fuel having a controllable gas-fuel ratio is the product of the mixing receptacle(s) and the gas of the ratio(s) exceeds 0.1 volume of CO2 per volume of fuel and is less than approximately 3 volumes per volume of fuel when conveyed from the receptacle(s). The apparatus controls the exposure of hydrocarbon fuel molecules to an optimal volume of CO2 within the receptacle(s).

Abstract: A bubble generating apparatus includes a hollow shell having a plurality of bottom inlets through and a side outlet, a screw rod longitudinally mounted in the shell, a baffle threaded onto one end of the screw rod and suspended inside the shell above the bottom inlets, the baffle having a plurality of smoothly arched bottom notches for baffling intake flows of high pressure liquid to produce bubbles, and a knob fastened to one end of the screw rod outside the shell and rotated to move the baffle along the screw rod relative to the bottom inlets.

Abstract: An aerator for a body of water is disclosed comprising a structure for forming a column of water wherein the column has a longitudinally extending core devoid of water and a structure for injecting oxygenated fluid into the core. Also provided is a method for forming a column of water wherein the column has a longitudinally extending core devoid of water and injecting oxygenated fluid into the core so that the water is contacted with the oxygenated fluid only from points within the core.

Abstract: A gas/liquid mixing device is provided in which bubbles having such a small diameter as to be invisible to the eye are produced and dissolved in water in a short time, whereby the solution of gas can be improved greatly. The gas/liquid mixing device has a mixing cylinder, a drive unit, and a gas supply means. In the mixing cylinder, a rotary vane having guide vanes is the mixing cylinder and gas supplied into the mixing cylinder so that the water flow containing the bubbles is dispersed outwardly through bubble dispersing holes formed in the wall of the mixing cylinder.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for mixing a gas and a liquid while concomitantly mixing and suspending solids and sludge at the bottom of a deep tank. The present invention includes a gas-liquid aerator which is adapted to be submerged below the surface of wastewater in a deep tank. An expanding high velocity gas-liquid mixture is caused to exit from the bottom of the submerged aerator device with enough force to mix and suspend settling solids and sludge at the bottom of the deep tank.

Abstract: A reactor for aerating a fluid with a gas comprises a mixing tank (12) for the fluid and a centrally located vertical draft tube (13) submerged in the fluid to divide the mixing tank (12) into an inner chamber (21) and an outer chamber (23). The reactor further comprises a motor driven axial flow impeller (14) located in the draft tube (13) for circulating fluid downwardly through the inner chamber (21) and upwardly through the outer chamber (23). The reactor further comprises an external circuit for withdrawing a portion of the fluid from the mixing tank (12), aerating the fluid, and returning the aerated fluid to the mixing tank (12). The aerator is in the form of a venturi device (17).

Abstract: An embodiment of the instant invention is an apparatus for diffusing a first substance into a second substance. The apparatus includes a first region where the first substance and the second substance flow in substantially the same direction; and a second region where the first substance and the second substance flow in substantially opposite directions. Preferably, the apparatus is arranged as an outer structure which encompasses the first region and the second region, and which is formed of PP, PTFE, PFA, ECTFE, PVDF, PE, PMMA, ABS, PC, PSO, PES, PEI, PBT, PPS, PEEK, PETG, Keelf, quartz, or any combination thereof. The first substance is, preferably, a substance selected from the group consisting of: ozone, ammonia, HCl, or any combination thereof, and the second substance is a substance selected from the group consisting of: DIW, ammonia, HCl, HF, peroxide, sulfuric acid, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: The bubble elevator includes an orifice intermediate between the air tapping point for entraining liquid and the top opening for ejecting the air/liquid mixture. The liquid can be ejected through the orifice when the tank has a low liquid level and its content cannot therefore be entrained as far as the top, or on the other hand an additional suction of liquid can be produced. A bubble elevator is generally used to stir and homogenize the liquid content of a tank.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for material separation consisting of a cyclone aerator which can enhance contact between contaminated water and air, or a oxidant gas, and can enhance the contact and attachment between particulates contained in the suspension and bubbles formed in the cyclone aerator. One embodiment comprises a plurality of plates positioned in a spaced relationship to one another within a jacketed tube. The plates are arranged in a distinct, non-radial orientation extending partially towards the center of the jacketing tube to define a cylindrical chamber within a center of the plates and an annular cylindrical chamber between the plates and the jacketing tube. A suspension is introduced into the cylindrical chamber tangentially through a feed line proximate or integral with a jacketing tube top of said jacketing tube to develop a swirling flow pattern of the suspension within the cylindrical chamber.

Abstract: In order to sparge gas into a liquid or liquid suspension in a tank wherein a principally axial flow pattern downwardly towards the bottom of the tank and then upwardly along the side wall of the tank returning axially downward is established by an axial flow impeller, a disc of a diameter less than the diameter of the impeller is spaced axially therefrom in the direction of the outlet flow towards the bottom of the tank from the impeller so as to turn the axial flow, radially, thereby establishing a pressure gradient which prevents the collection of gas released by a sparge between the disc and the bottom of the tank and flooding of the impeller. The gas is released in the axial flow from the tip region of the impeller thereby facilitating the shearing of the gas into fine bubbles promoting mass transfer of the gaseous phase into the liquid phase in the tank. Since flooding is inhibited, as much as six times the volume of gas (gas rate) can be handled as may be the case without the disc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mixer for mixing two fluids, the mixer comprising a power source (5) with a rotating transmission shaft (7), a hollow rotor (6) to be submerged in a first fluid (8) and arranged to rotate with the shaft, wherein at least one end of the rotor comprises an opening or openings for supply of a second fluid (9) to the hollow rotor (6), and jet openings (10) are provided in the side surface of the rotor through which the second fluid (9) is discharged into the first fluid (8) surrounding the rotor. To achieve a better operating efficiency, the mixer has a tight liquid seal (14) shaped to cover and isolate substantially the entire portion of the rotor that is above the first fluid.

Abstract: A fluid conditioning system and method is disclosed for coupling to a first solution source comprising a suspension solution and particles suspended in the suspension solution. The fluid conditioning system includes a containment vessel defining a treatment environment and including a wall defining a fluid passage and a having an inlet apparatus. The inlet apparatus is coupled to the solution source for receiving a solution stream and directing the solution stream through the passage helically along the cylindrical wall. The containment vessel includes a sparging apparatus disposed downstream of the inlet apparatus for introducing a gas into the solution stream, and an outlet for discharging the sparged solution stream. The system further includes a flotation tank disposed proximate the containment vessel outlet for receiving the discharged solution stream.

Abstract: A facultative lagoon, an airlift aerator for such a lagoon, and a method of operating such a lagoon. The aerator includes a U-shaped body with a down flow leg and an airlift leg and a float. The float sustains the U-shaped body with respect to the surface of polluted material contained in the lagoon. The upper ends of the legs are submerged slightly beneath the surface of the material in the lagoon. The down flow leg has a water inlet and the airlift leg has the water outlet. A bubble generator is connected to a lower portion of the airlift leg. Air supplied under pressure to the bubble generator introduces bubbles into the airlift leg which establishes a water circulation through the U-shaped body. Bubbles transfer oxygen to the passing water which is disbursed through the water outlet. The dissolved oxygen is used in the biodegradation of the hazardous and odorous gases of the waste material that would otherwise be emitted into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A method of aerating a liquid comprising the steps of providing a column, introducing liquid under pressure into an upper zone of the column in the form of a jet of liquid directed in a path, permitting gas to be entrained by the jet of liquid, obstructing the path of the jet of liquid to form a zone of turbulence in which bubbles are formed in the liquid to create a foam or froth bed in the column, and removing the foam or froth.

Abstract: A cyclonic-static micro-bubble flotation apparatus which includes a single unit flotation device having a cyclonic separation unit in the bottom portion of the device and a column flotation portion which includes packing in the upper portion of the flotation device.

Abstract: A water purification apparatus for increasing oxygen concentration in water. The water purification apparatus includes a water pump provided in a water tank for pumping water to produce a water flow, an ejector connected to the water pump for mixing the water from the water pump with air and ejecting the water mixed with the air therethrough, an air intake pipe connected to the ejector for supplying air thereto, and a jetting outlet connected to the ejector and formed with a porous jetting nozzle having small punched openings on an end portion and outer circumference thereof and a bugle-shaped tube accommodating the porous jetting nozzle therein.

Abstract: An apparatus for selectively aerating a pond. The inventive apparatus preferably includes a first conduit for receiving a fluid from an upper portion of a pond without substantially disturbing a fluid material contained in a lower portion of the pond; a gas delivery conduit for delivering a gas into the apparatus; and a discharge conduit, at least partially positioned in the receiving conduit, for discharging the fluid and the gas into the upper portion of the pond without substantially disturbing the fluid material contained in the lower portion of the pond.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for single pass mass transfer of oxygen into a liquid. The apparatus comprises individual aeration modules contiguously aligned to allow continuous gravity flow liquid to be permeated with oxygen repetitively as it passes through a successive series of reaction chambers. The invention provides furthermore a novel apparatus to interject into liquids high volumes of low-pressure air to effect mass transfer of oxygen.

Abstract: A counterbalanced, dual submarine-type liquid mixer provides a pair of counterbalanced mixing devices that move at opposing ends of a balance bar suspended above the surface of a liquid to be mixed. The bar is able to pivot so as to vertically move its ends alternately between a raised and a lowered position in such a manner that when one of the mixing devices is in a raised position in the liquid, the other of the mixing devices is in the lowered position and each of the two mixing devices tends to counterbalance the other. Each mixing device is buoyed upwardly in the liquid by the buoyant force of a gas captured below a concave surface of the mixing device and also by the negative buoyant force of the other mixing device when it has exhausted its buoyant gas. Alternately, each of the mixing devices, on its downward stroke is moved downwardly by its own weight (negative buoyancy) and by the buoyant action of the other mixing device which moves simultaneously on its upward stroke.

Abstract: A water purification system which filters particulates from the water and treats organic contaminats with ozone. The incoming contaminated water flow is divided, with half passing through each of two filter and ozone contact systems. Initially, each stream is passed though a sand separation device to remove large high density particulate mater, then through a multi-stage filter arrangement incorporating disposable filter cartridges. Ozone is injected into each stream leaving the filter system. The flow passes through elongated plug-flow tubing to assure optimum water/ozone contact, then enters a multi-compartment secondary contactor having a series of perforated baffle plates through which the water flows to assure complete ozone/water contact. Finally, each stream passes through a final filter stage, then the streams are combined and pass to storage or a purified water outlet.

Abstract: System and method for diffusing gas bubbles into a pond, lagoon or basin that is used for fish farming or other form of aquaculture. A small amount of water is continuously removed from the bottom of the body of water by one or more counterflow gas lift diffusers. This small amount of water is flowed down underground, has gas bubbles introduced into it, and is then returned to the body of water. The quantity of water removed and treated in this way is a small fraction of the total body of water in the pond, lagoon or basin. The ratio of (1) the total volume of the channels below ground through which the water flows downward, and then back up into the body of water, to (2) the volume of the body of water above ground is at all times less than about 1:100.