Abstract: An improved barrier oxidation ditch is provided which has a channel portion for unaerated induced-flow and an inclined duct for aerated induced flow, whereby energy in the dammed-up momentum is more efficiently released. This induced-flow duct is inclided at 30.degree. to 60.degree. to the horizontal, preferably 45.degree., and is disposed upstream of, downstream of, or alongside of the circulator/aerator in the intake channel. The induced-flow duct is preferably rectangular in cross-section and may have its downstream wall formed by the baffle if it is downstream of the circulator/aerator. The induced-flow duct is connected at its lower end to the discharge duct to initiate a combined-flow portion thereof. This combined-flow portion has an upper side which may be a thin wall or may be a much thicker aerator bridge. A baffle may be mounted downstream of the inlet of the induced flow duct for selectively restricting the amount of unaerated induced flow.

Abstract: An improved pressure control system for a pressurized water nuclear reactor plant contains a novel, two stage sparger in the pressurizer relief tank. The two stage sparger has a primary conduit and secondary conduit, both of which have orifices through the walls thereof, and an interconnecting valve that is responsive to a pressure differential between the two conduits. The secondary conduit is preferably of a diameter less, but with a larger area of flow therefrom, than the primary conduit and is bifurcated, with two leg sections extending back towards the primary conduit.

Abstract: A fluid diffuser for dispersing gas bubbles or liquid droplets into a body of receiving liquid in a tank. The diffuser includes a fluid-emitting member for communication with the body of receiving liquid, which member defines a fluid plenum. A portion of at least one of the walls of the fluid-emitting member is porous and has a foraminous outer surface, to permit the passage of fluid from the plenum into the body of liquid. A slot-forming chamber has a wall that defines a narrow, elongated slot extending parallel to the foraminous outer surface of the plenum-defining wall of the fluid-emitting member, with the foraminous outer surface lying primarily outside the slot. Fluid supplied under pressure to the plenum flows out through the porous wall portion to produce small nascent fluid spheroids on the foraminous surface of that portion.

Abstract: This is a device for aerating water comprising (1) a fan within a pumping chamber for drawing air through an intake port and forcing air out an exhaust port therein, (2) a fan enabling means located outside the pumping chamber for moving the fan so that air is drawn through the intake port and out the exhaust port, (3) a means for insulating the pumping chamber from the heat created by the fan enabling means, and (4) a means for dispersing the air flowing out of the exhaust port and into water.

Abstract: In order to inject oxygen into a liquid, for example, sewage, the installation is provided with an aerating system (2) that is arranged in an aerating basin (1).In order to improve the oxygen injection rate per kilowatt of driving force the aerating system (2) that is connected with a pump (3) in the manner of a water jet pump, the flow cross-section of which, in its air intake area, can be varied so as to change the oxygen injection rate. To this end, the diffusor stage (8) of the aeration system (2) extends along a conical surface. The hollow-configured conical diffusor inner portion (13) is arranged, together with a surface aeration impellor (16), on a common drive shaft (14), and can be moved along its longitudinal axis (15).

Abstract: A water aeration apparatus is used for aeration purposes in the water-filled areas such as dams, impounded water or reservoirs, and lakes and marshes, and includes a tubular casing and supply chamber that causes large quantities of water to be exposed to the flotation action of air supplied under pressure, thus raising the water up to the surface. The apparatus may be used for water purification, or for anti-freezing purposes particularly in cold climate regions. The apparatus includes a collective tubular casing and a multiple-partitioned or common air supply chamber below the casing, the tubular casing including a plurality of tubular air and water passages formed by dividing the interior of the casing into several longitudinal passages or by combining individual tubes together.

Abstract: A carpet dye beck is provided with submerged combustion heating apparatus for heating dye solution in the dye beck, by discharging pressurized high-temperature gas directly into the dye solution. The discharge of pressurized high-temperature gas directly into the dye solution provides bubbling of the gas through the solution, with turbulent agitation of the dye solution, and promotes high-efficiency, cost effective heating of a dye bath.

Abstract: An apparatus for photosynthesis includes a unique arrangement for supplying light and CO.sub.2 -containing air to a reaction chamber in a sure and stable manner. The reaction chamber is irradiated for photosynthesis from the inside and/or outside thereof in an intermittent mode. CO.sub.2 -containing air is routed from a CO.sub.2 source to a rotatable disc which is positioned in a bottom portion of the apparatus. Part of the CO.sub.2 -containing air is ejected sideways from the disc to cause it into rotation, while the rest of the air is ejected upwardly into the reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is partitioned into a plurality of compartments which are sequentially supplied with the CO.sub.2 -containing air in accordance with the rotation of the disc.

Abstract: A gas injector element for use in a mixing apparatus having a plurality of mixing elements, where the injector element is airfoil-shaped and is installed adjacent to the first of the plurality of mixing elements. The airfoil-shaped injector is fabricated from a metal or other suitable material having a porosity within a range of 0.5 to 100 or more microns, such that fluid injected into the mixing conduit through the injector will be released from the injector and will immediately contact material flowing through the conduit without the undesirable result of bubbles of the fluid or gas flowing from the injector coalescing with larger bubbles resulting in ineffective mixing of the gas with the material in the mixer.

Abstract: A sparger useful for introducing gas into a liquid is composed of one or more gas-permeable members positioned between a gas inlet means and a gas distribution means. A method and apparatus for culturing cells, eukaryotic cells and hybridomas in particular, wherein circulation of a liquid medium contained in the apparatus is achieved by gas introduced into the liquid medium by means of the aforementioned sparger.

Abstract: A diffused bubble aeration system for small scale water supplies includes a plurality of water holding vessels having water inlet and water outlet couplings operatively coupled in series for series flow of water through the successive vessels. The inlet and outlet openings are located substantially below the normal water level in the vessels, for example, substantially at the mid section of the respective vessels for equalization of volume and water level in the vessels. The series coupled vessels, barrels or drums comprise a first vessel having a supply water inlet coupling for coupling to a water supply and a last vessel or drum with a treated supply water outlet coupling to treated water supply water pump and pressurized treated water storage tank.

Abstract: An air stone for use in aquariums for aeration of the water contained therein comprising a hollow tube for receiving air under pressure and holes for the discharge of the air. The opposite end of the tube is closed off by a solid portion which is threaded. Adjacent to the tube end for receiving the air is a stop means and a plurality of annular disks which are located on the tube downstream from the stop means. A pair of nuts are employed threaded on the lower end, solid tube portion to compress the disks and thereby controlling the size of the bubbles emanating from between the disks.

Abstract: An improved water seal drum for gas comprising a vessel containing seal water, a gas introducing pipe extending downward from the upper part of the vessel, the lower end of the pipe opening beneath the water level, and a gas discharging pipe at the top of the vessel; characterized in that the gas introducing pipe is equipped with gas dispersing pipes having multiple nozzles for releasing the gas at a location above the lower end of the gas introducing pipe but beneath the water level. The drum enables stable water seaing of gas in a wide range of gas flow rates, and is particularly useful as a water seal drum for inflammable waste gases to be burned in a flare stack.

Abstract: Multiphase contacting between gas, solid and liquid phases is effected using a novel apparatus comprising a cylindrical vessel, a draft tube, a conical bottom and a gas-sparger system. Mild and uniform mixing is achieved within the novel apparatus while stagnant zones and zones of high shear within the vessel are eliminated. Gas-liquid mass transfer is achieved at rates comparable to conventional high-shear mechanically-stirred devices while the efficiency of liquid mixing in the vessel is better than conventional low-shear pneumatically-stirred devices. The apparatus is preferably used in fermentation processes.

Abstract: A process for the aeration of off-water or the like media in an aeration tank with the aid of an aeration face arranged below the water surface as well as an aeration device for carrying out this process in practice are described. The device comprises a rigid, self-supporting supporting body provided with throughholes or being of porous material and covered with an elastic diaphragm; air is supplied to the supporting face of the body at the center of gravity or a gravity line thereof into a deflecting region and from there to the periphery of the body which is slightly raised vis-a-vis the central region of the body, from where the air escapes with decreasing pressure into the water to be aerated. The aeration face can be adapted to be swivelled, and the cross-sectional area of the supporting body can be of pyramid, wedge, circular or frustoconical configuration or it can be vaulted in a concave or convex manner.

Abstract: A whirlpool bath massaging apparatus having a bubble mat, a distributor having a control switch for regulating the air supply, and control means including a blower which is in communication with the bubble mat through an aerator tube and the distributor. The distributor is in the form of a self-contained structural unit separate from the bubble mat and is provided with inlet connecting means for the aerator tube and with outlet connecting means in the form of connector studs equal in number as there are partial sections of the bubble mat. The distributor with the control switch thereon forms an insertable unit which is installed in a receptacle provided in the bubble mat, whereby connector studs are directly plugged into sockets provided in the receptacle and in communication to the partial sections of the bubble mat. The distributor/control switch unit constitutes an easily exchangeable, inexpensive replacement part.

Abstract: Apparatus for degassing a liquid fluid, the apparatus being installed inside an envelope (1) which contains a supply (20) of said degassed fluid in the liquid state in the bottom thereof and in equilibrium with its saturated vapor, the apparatus comprising perforated trays (2, 3, 4) situated above the level of the supply and fed with liquid fluid to be degassed, said trays dispersing the liquid and feeding a tank (7) which includes at least one pipe (8) extending therealong in the vicinity of one of its walls (12) and supplied with vapor of said fluid at a pressure P1 which is greater than the pressure P within said envelope, said pipe including a perforated zone (14) running along its entire length inside the tank and on its side adjacent to said wall, said perforated zone serving to fill the bottom portion of the pipe cross-section with liquid from the tank allowing the vapor to escape from said pipe, the apparatus including the improvement whereby said tank is closed (18) betweeen said wall and said pipe,

Abstract: Conversion flask for use is an apparatus for the sequential performance of chemical processes on a sample of chemical material. The flask includes at least three capillary tubes and a large bore tube extending into the interior thereof for the introduction and withdrawal of various fluids. The capillary tubes are constructed to introduce a plurality of fine bubbles into a liquid within the flask to agitate the liquid and accelerate drying, to impinge chemicals on the walls of the flask, and to produce a spray onto the interior walls of the flask in proximity to its upper end to wash down the interior walls of the flask.

Abstract: The apparatus of this invention has an air pipe which continuously forms air bubbles of fixed size. These bubbles are caught by a screen in the form of a net and united to grow. Grown bubbles are suddenly spouted from the air spout holes of the screen and rise together with masses of water.

Abstract: An improved barrier oxidation ditch is provided which has an inclined duct for the induced flow, whereby energy in the dammed-up momentum is more efficiently released. This induced-flow duct is inclined at 30.degree. to 60.degree. to the horizontal, preferably 45.degree., and is disposed upstream of, downstream of, or alongside of the circular/aerator in the intake channel. The induced-flow duct is preferably rectangular in cross-section and may have its downstream wall formed by the barrier if it is downstream of the circulator/aerator. It is connected at its lower end to the discharge duct to initiate a combined-flow portion thereof. An in-channel clarifier, disposed in the discharge channel so that its upstream wall is the barrier and its solid bottom is the ceiling of the combined-flow portion of the discharge duct, provides prolonged bubble retention time at maximum hydraulic pressure, whereby the efficiency of oxygen transfer is increased.

Abstract: An improved gas diffuser tube assembly, particularly for diffusing bubbles of oxygen gas into liquid sewage during treatment thereof, is provided. The assembly is characterized by a construction which creates substantially the smallest bubbles that would be operationally practical and which satisfactorily prevents back flow of liquid into the diffuser assembly by including the following. An inner support tube has apertures extending radially therethrough in a bottom portion thereof for passing gas from the inside to the outside thereof. A flexible membrane surrounds the support tube and has a plurality of minute punctures extending therethrough and located in an upper section thereof for receiving the gas which passes between the support tube and the membrane and discharging the gas under pressure out of the membrane sheath in the form of fine streams of tiny bubbles of the gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for high-degree purification of liquid contaminated by solvent comprises a vessel (1) of flat configuration, the liquid (16) being caused to flow through the vessel at a given level (17) determined by an overflow (19) or the like. The liquid flows in a thin stratum above holed air outlet elements (21) separated by liquid compartments (23), said elements (21) distributing the purification air uniformly in the liquid in the form of small bubbles. The elements (21) preferably have the form of perforated tubes, arranged separated and in parallel transversely across the bottom (11) of the vessel. The residue concentration of solvent in the outlet water can be kept under 1 ppm.

Abstract: A plurality of aerators are arranged in a preselected pattern on the floor of a basin or lagoon containing waste water. Compressed air is supplied to the aerators by aeration pipes anchored by hanger brackets to the floor of the basin. Each aerator has a porous diffuser plate through which the air is passed and released into the waste water in the form of ultra fine air bubbles less than 60 microns in diameter. The air bubbles are generated in an intense manner with a high rate of air flow to increase the mixing action and liquid circulation pattern, and to create turbulent boils at the surface which provide surface aeration from atmospheric air and re-entrainment of air from eddy current circulation.

Abstract: A diffuser for dispersing gas into a body of liquid that may contain suspended solids. Under ordinary clogging conditions, the diffuser will remain operative over an indefinite period of time by reason of large gas outlet openings at the bottom of the gas plenum chamber. In addition, it can be employed for a good portion of that time to disperse a substantial flow of coarse bubbles and fine bubbles, in a desired combination, simultaneously from a single gas plenum. Careful selection of the permeability and area of a top porous wall of a gas plenum chamber, together with proper selection of the level, size and number of coarse bubble gas outlet openings in the side walls of the plenum chamber, achieve the second feature.

Abstract: In a microbubble injector usable to separate materials of different density by flotation, a deflector wall deflects radially a flow of water exiting under pressure from an injector hole and containing dissolved air at the saturation concentration. This procures cavitation which is localized at the edges of the hole and which generates the required microbubbles of air downflow thereof.

Abstract: A device for increasing the oxygen concentration in a subsurface stratum of a thermally stratified body of water. The device comprises a flexible tube (13), which is surrounded by a flexible shell (12). Compressed oxygen-containing gas is introduced through first nozzle means (29) at the lower end of the tube and through second nozzle means (31) into channel means (34) between the shell (12) and the tube (13). There is an upward flow of water in the tube and a downward flow in the channel means (34) around the tube.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vapor generator for generating a supply of a gas bearing vapors of a compound at a desired concentration. Also disclosed is a method for generating a supply of gas bearing vapors of said compound which process utilizes the vapor generator disclosed herein. The supply of gas bearing vapors can be generated on demand at a desired constant delivery pressure. The generator comprises a gas line for conveying pressurized gas from a source thereof through first pressure regulating means to a vessel; said vessel for retaining a reservoir of said compound in its liquid phase and having headspace thereabove, said vessel being insulated and having heating means to maintain said liquid and said headspace at a desired temperature. The gas line extends into the vessel to a position within the reservoir of liquid and there is terminated with gas distributor means.

Abstract: A mixing device for mixing at least two liquids to produce a homogenous mixture. The device includes an elongated chamber in which a vertically oriented elongated mixing cavity is located. The cavity is sealed at its lower end and it is open at its upper end and in communication with the interior of the chamber. An elongated conduit extends the length of the cavity and is adapted to receive liquids to be mixed. The conduit includes a plurality of ports located at longitudinally spaced positions therealong and which ports are directed in different directions. The ports create plural streams of liquid which interact and mix with one another within the cavity. The mixed liquids overflow the cavity and out its top end into the chamber 24. The chamber 24 includes an outlet from which the mixed liquids are withdrawn. In accordance with the preferred embodiment gas eductor means are provided in the inlet to the conduit to introduce gas bubbles within the cavity.

Abstract: Apparatus for injecting ammonia into water, or more particularly, into hard water. Apparatus includes a check valve having a plurality of spaced recessed annuli therearound communicating with an axially disposed bore through orifices or ports interconnecting the bore with the annuli. Annuli profile is characterized by sharp right angle edges defining the outer and inner diameters with no tapered O-ring seat portions therebetween. O-rings are fitted around the annuli in pressure sealing relationship and make line contact only with the outer sharp edges or diameters of the annuli, thus providing a faster responding and more sensitive valve to minor adjustments in ammonia pressure than check valves with tapered seats for the O-rings as well as being devoid of tapered surfaces upon which hard insoluble calcium deposits or scale tend to form when ammonia is added to water.

Abstract: A leaf spring diffuser for use in an aeration tank of a water treatment system. An amplitude-limiting stop is mounted on each vibrating extremity of the diffuser leaf spring to project into the diffuser air chamber. Each stop engages the diffuser body to prevent the leaf spring from being subjected to an excess bending moment which would otherwise deform the leaf spring and promote clogging of the diffuser parts.

Abstract: A device for dispersing a second phase in a first phase is provided, wherein gas inlet means are arranged at the bottom of a vessel. The outlet parts of these inlet elements have a varying distance to the bottom, this distance decreasing towards the center of the bottom. The distance of the outer outlet parts of the elements to the bottom, for those located near to the periphery, is from 15 to 40% of the diameter of the bottom.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in contacting a gas with a liquid comprises a pair of ported injector pipes onto which elastic sleeves having a series of slits therein are mounted by means of axially-spaced bands. The elastic sleeves expand as gas flows from the pipe to open the slits for discharging the gas into the liquid. The apparatus functions to maintain a desired gas flow rate irrespective of the accumulation of gas-liquid reaction products tending to block the slits.

Abstract: A low pressure valveless floating aeration system for providing oxygen and circulation to a water impoundment, utilizing one or more floating elongate members supporting a substantially uniform assemblage of air diffusers spaced above the bottom of the impoundment. Air at a comparatively low pressure is supplied to said elongate members and thence to said air diffusers, such that a large number of tiny bubbles will rise up from the air diffusers through the water of the impoundment, bringing about a desirable amount of circulation in the water. Because the air diffusers are suspended from members floating on the water surface, the depth at which the diffusers are located can be made uniform, or the diffusers can be suspended at gradually decreasing depths at locations remote from the air supply.

Abstract: A carbonator valve assembly (A) is disclosed which includes a water valve entrance subassembly (B), a gas regulator valve entrance subassembly (C), and a vent valve subassembly (D) formed in a valve head (12) sealingly fitted in a neck of a carbonator tank (10). Gas entrance regulator valve subassembly (C) includes a pressure regulator-delivery valve means (E) which delivers a restricted flow of pressurized gas to a gas dispensing chamber (80) via a passage (100) and restricted outlet port (102). An unrestricted path for the pressurized gas is established through the carbonator valve assembly (A) via a control valve chamber (56) passage (64), chamber (62), passage (70), chamber (72), passage (78), and dispensing chamber (80). Dispensing chamber (80) includes valve seat (84) through which both the restricted and unrestricted gas flows enter the carbonator tank.

Abstract: An air diffuser has a non-porous rigid plate mounted on an air chamber to permit diffusion of air to the outside of the chamber, which porous plate has a smooth outer surface and diffusing pores extending therethrough, more than 95% of the diffusing pores having diameters within .+-.20% of a nominal diameter selected in a range of 50-300 .mu.m.

Abstract: A diffuser apparatus for use in a sewage installation includes an elongated, one-piece body of substantially tubular outline in vertical section having a top wall, spaced sidewalls and a bottom wall. An end cap provides a closure for closing each end of the body above the region of the bottom wall to provide a flow path for liquid into and out of a chamber within said body. A plurality of ports are located along each sidewall and a nozzle extends either through one end cap of the topwall for connecting the chamber to a source of compressed air. The flow path for liquid allows debris to flush clear of the chamber. The flow path, in the event that the ports become clogged, provides a distinct bubble pattern at the surface of the liquid during aeration.

Abstract: This flow-control apparatus for an oxidation ditch comprises a barrier which divides a channel of an oxidation ditch into an intake channel and a discharge channel, at least one submerged turbine which pumps mixed liquor from the intake channel, and at least one discharge duct which connects each turbine to the discharge channel and passes beneath the barrier. Compressed air is supplied to each turbine and/or to each discharge duct. Activated sludge is fed to the anoxic portion of the ditch and/or to each turbine which provides complete mix and propels the mixed liquor in plug-type flow through the channels of the oxidation ditch. By selectively and independently controlling turbine speed and amount and/or feed location of compressed air, the timed aerobic/anoxic ratio for the ditch can be controlled in accordance with independent parameters, such as seasonal temperatures.

Abstract: In a steam condensing apparatus according to this invention, a plurality of branch pipes each having an exhaust nozzle are attached to the distal end of a guide pipe which extends into coolant to eject steam of coolant into the coolant, the branch pipes having different nozzle diameters and/or pipe lengths.

Abstract: An improved food processor kitchen appliance is disclosed which possesses the capability of whipping cream, egg whites, and the like under relatively mild conditions that do not degrade the food product being processed. The invention resides in a modified food processor which includes: a special bowl, sometimes referred to as an air bowl, which may be readily substituted for the conventional bowl and into which low pressure air may be admitted; means to supply a source of air to be fed into the bowl through the bottom of the bowl; means for controlling the stirring whisk attachment mixing speed; and means for monitoring the admittance of air into the food product to be whipped. The act of placement of the air bowl on the base functions to control suitable electrical switches which in turn control devices which alter gear ratios between the drive motor and the drive shaft to a lower than conventional gear ratio, thereby reducing the rotational speed for the food whipping cycle.

Abstract: A generator for converting volatile combustible liquids, such as gasoline, methanol and the like, into an aeriform gas including a closed vessel containing liquid gasoline maintained at a predetermined level, evaporating the liquid gasoline by passing streams of desiccated atmospheric air therethrough, after which the resulting gas is passed through specially processed charcoal material, which stabilizes the resulting gas into an aeriform gas as a fuel source for internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A method for agitating and mixing a gas with a medium in a closed fermentation vessel comprising recirculating said medium through a venturi jet mixer whereby it is mixed with the gas under high shear conditions to form a mixture of gas saturated medium and a dispersion of small gas bubbles and projected the mixture in the fermentation vessel below the liquid surface level in a plume extending horizontally from the jet mixer, then rising vertically to the liquid surface.

Abstract: A dual purpose dust-collecting device consisting of an upright cylinder tapered at the lower end to form a settling chamber containing water. An inner cylinder formed with a plurality of circumferentially spaced tangential inlets is secured to the inside of the cylinder to define therewith an annular gas stream passage. A swinging inlet damper mounted in a manifold having an upper tangential gas outlet and a lower tangential gas outlet leading to the upper and lower ends of the cylinder respectively is employed for selectively admitting gas from the manifold inlet to the upper end of the cylinder or to the annular gas passage. When dirty gas enters the annular passage under the action of an exhaust fan mounted atop the cylinder, a whirling gas stream will be created therein and forced through the tangential inlets into the inner cylinder wherein a rapidly rotating whirlpool will be created which causes separation of particles from the dirty gas stream.

Abstract: A gas diffuser for use in aeration treatment of water, sewage, industrial wastes and the like is provided. Gas is released from a plurality of vertical slot-shaped ports in a distribution tube. The gas released from said ports rises under the influence of buoyancy and impinges upon a frustro-conical distribution surface located above the distribution ports. The frustro-conical surface evenly disperses the gas to a shear edge whereupon small bubbles are created and violently mixed with the liquid to be treated. Drift control vanes are interposed in an equally-spaced relationship between the distribution ports to provide even distribution.

Abstract: A sulphur dioxide converter and pollution arrester system which involves the treatment of smoke and/or contaminated air emanating from a combustion area by passage through a zone achieving turbulence into a water spray contained first treating chamber. The turbulence zone, into which an atomized catalyst is introduced, serves to create a longer path for cooling as well as increased centrifugal motion to the solid particles in the contaminated air and also the formation of sulphur trioxide. In other words, the arrangement is such that pollution arresting action is provided in the form of "slinging" resulting from tangential directional movement and, when combining with the water spray in the first treating chamber, the ultimate formation of sulphuric acid.

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing a hydrocarbon-containing gas flow with a molecular oxygen-containing gas flow, wherein at least one aqueous medium sealing zone allowing the hydrocarbon-containing gas flow to pass therethrough is provided by sealing a side of said introduced gas flow with an aqueous medium, providing at least one shielding zone for flame propagration, said gas flow is allowed to pass therethrough on a discharge side of said gas flow, and providing means for introducing the molecular oxygen-containing gas flow into a gas mixing zone defined between both of the above zones there to be thoroughly mixed with the hydrocarbon-containing gas flow.

Abstract: A breath test simulator and method for accurately calibrating breath test instruments used to determine the concentration of ethyl alcohol in breath. The simulator includes concentric chambers filled with a known concentration of ethyl alcohol-water solution. Air flowed into the first chamber is bubbled up through the solution in that chamber, sputtered through openings formed in the wall separating the chambers, bubbled up through the solution of the second chamber and is flowed thence to the breath test instrument. The air pressure and temperature of the solutions are accurately controlled to assure the effluent precisely simulates human breath leaving a precisely known alcohol vapor concentration.

Abstract: Blowdown device for steam power plants includes a tube extending into a volume of water, the tube being formed with a multiplicity of holes having a substantially uniform diameter for introducing, into the water, steam that is flowing in the tube, the holes being disposed in rows spaced one from another a distance equal to at least 2.5 times the diameter of the holes.

Abstract: A flame arrestor is disclosed which includes a conduit extending along inside of a drum arranged to contain a quantity of non-combustible liquid. This conduit is equipped with bubbler nozzles that discharge a combustible gas into the liquid in the form of separate, discrete bubbles. The gas is drawn from the drum through outlets above the liquid level and deflectors are positioned to deflect and distribute a flame front entering the drum through any of the nozzles.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a sparging method wherein efficient gas-liquid contact is obtained without causing sloshing by introducing and dispensing gas into the liquid only through openings in the side wall of a specially designed sparger which has a single row of openings in its side wall around the periphery thereof and an open end, the gas being introduced at a rate such that the distance l between the openings in the side wall and the liquid level on the gas introduction side is within a range represented by the formula:10 mm<l<(L-10) mmwherein L stands for the distance, which is at least 50 mm, between the openings in the side wall of the sparger and the open bottom.

Abstract: A humidifier for humidifying gas with a liquid has a cavity defined by top, bottom, and side walls. An interior wall is attached to the side wall and defines a first and second cavity within the enclosed cavity. At least a first opening adjacent the bottom wall and at least a second opening adjacent the top wall extend through the interior wall to provide fluid flow communication between the first and second cavities. An enclosed conduit for the introduction of a gas to be humidified is secured to the side wall. The enclosed conduit has a closed end and an opening adjacent the closed end, which opening extends through the side wall of the humidifier adjacent the bottom wall and opens into the first cavity. The opening through the side wall provides for the formation of bubbles of a gas which are introduced into the humidifier through the enclosed conduit. An opening is provided through the top wall of the humidifier for exhausting the humidified gas from the humidifier.