Abstract: An apparatus for wet process exhaust gas desulfurization including a spraying portion for spreading absorbent slurry including calcium compound, an absorbing tower for bringing the absorbent slurry sprayed from the spraying portion into contact with exhaust gas including sulfur oxides from opposite directions so as to absorb the sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas into the absorbent slurry, a slurry tank disposed below the absorbing tower for receiving the absorbent slurry from the absorbing tower, a plurality of stirrers for stirring each stirrer being an axial flow type agitator having a propeller, and circular system for circulating the absorbent slurry from the slurry tank to the spraying portion. The apparatus further includes a plurality of nozzles for feeding oxidizer gas including oxygen into the absorbent slurry from a backside of each propeller towards a periphery thereof uniformly with respect to a circumferential direction, thereby bubbling the oxidizer gas finely around each propeller.

Abstract: Components, usually but not exclusively gaseous components, are removed in a liquid medium from gas streams and chemically converted into an insoluble phase or physically removed. Specifically, hydrogen sulfide may be removed from gas streams by oxidation in aqueous chelated transition metal solution in a modified agitated flotation cell. The same principle may be employed with other procedures in which a gaseous phase is dispersed in a liquid phase to effect an interaction between components present in such phases. A gas-liquid contact apparatus, generally a combined chemical reactor and solid product separation device, comprising such modified agitated flotation cell also is described. In order to effect efficient mass transfer and rapid reaction, gas bubbles containing hydrogen sulfide and oxygen are formed by rotating an impeller at a blade tip velocity of at least about 350 in/sec. to achieve the required shear.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided for collecting reaction product solids entrained in a gaseous outflow from a reaction situs, wherein the gaseous outflow includes a condensable vapor. A condensate is formed of the condensable vapor on static mixer surfaces within a static mixer heat exchanger. The entrained reaction product solids are captured in the condensate which can be collected for further processing, such as return to the reaction situs. In production of silicon imide, optionally integrated into a production process for making silicon nitride caramic, wherein reactant feed gas comprising silicon halide and substantially inert carrier gas is reacted with liquid ammonia in a reaction vessel, silicon imide reaction product solids entrained in a gaseous outflow comprising residual carrier gas and vaporized ammonia can be captured by forming a condensate of the ammonia vapor on static mixer surfaces of a static mixer heat exchanger.

Abstract: An installation for the treatment of a flow of liquids, notably potable water or effluents, installation of the type wherein the liquids are put into contact with a treatment gas during a pre-determined treatment period, the installation comprising means for the addition of the treatment gas to the flow of liquids so as to form a homogeneous two-phase treatment medium, means for the forced dissolution of the treatment gas in the flow of liquids to be treated cooperating with means for the degassing of the two-phase treatment medium so as to produce a monophase treatment medium and contactor means providing for a plug flow of the degassed monophase treatment medium during the pre-determined treatment period. A particular exemplary application of the installation is to the ozonation of liquids.

Abstract: A protein skimmer for clearing the impurities in an aquarium, comprising a skimmer body, an impurities collector, a top cover, a power head, an intermediate partition plate, a side partition plate, a transverse partition plate, a foam grid and a plurality of filtering cotton, wherein the impurities collector covers the top of the skimmer body and the upper end thereof is enclosed by the top cover. The foam grid is located at the interior of the lower end of the collector. The intermediate partition plate is disposed at the intermediate zone of the upper half portion of the skimmer body, so as to divide the internal space of the body into a large and a small bubble collecting chambers. The side and transverse partition plates are respectively located at the side and bottom of the small bubble chamber to define two filtering chambers therein. The power head is mounted to the lower portion of the skimmer body and is in connection with the large bubble collecting chamber at the water inlet of the body.

Abstract: Components, usually but not exclusively gaseous components, are removed in a liquid medium from gas streams and chemically converted into an insoluble phase or physically removed. Specifically, hydrogen sulfide may be removed from gas streams by oxidation in aqueous chelated transition metal solution in a modified agitated flotation cell. A gas-liquid contact apparatus, generally a combined chemical reactor and solid product separation device, comprising such modified agitated flotation cell also is described. In order to effect efficient mass transfer and rapid reaction, gas bubbles containing hydrogen sulfide and oxygen are formed by rotating an impeller at a blade tip velocity of at least about 350 in/sec. to achieve the required shear. To assist in the reaction, a surrounding shroud has a plurality of openings, generally of aspect ratio of approximately 1, of equal diameter and arranged in uniform pattern, such as to provide a gas flow therethrough less than about 0.02 lb/min/opening in the shroud.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a process for creating in an aquifer an oxidation and precipitation zone (or a reduction zone) between a number of injection wells arranged around one or more extraction wells for purified water. The zone desired is created intermittently between each pair of adjacent injection wells by (i) introducing oxygen, oxygen-containing gas or an oxygen-releasing substance (or an oxygen-consuming substance) into the water in both wells and (ii) pumping the water in one well from below upwards while pumping the water in the other well from above downwards, whereby a circulation circuit is formed in the aquifer between the wells. A device for carrying out said process comprises an outer tube (1), sealing means (2), an inner tube member (3), a transversal wall (4) with a central opening, an elongation tube (5), an inner flow pipe (6) and conduits (7,8) for supply of air.

Abstract: In systems in which air is introduced into a liquid as a source of oxygen, additional oxygen added independent of the feed air enhances the oxygen content of the liquid source significantly than if the same amount of additional oxygen were combined with the feed air.

Abstract: An apparatus for aerating liquids includes a gas- and liquid-feeding rotor (6) and a surrounding stator (7) arranged in the bottom region of a container (2). The rotor (6) is mounted for rotation about a vertical axis, and the stator (7) comprises two vertically spaced, horizontally parallel, annular plates (8, 8a) defining a central rotor-accommodating cavity (7b) and includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced guide channels (9) located between the plates and arranged non-radially in the direction of rotation of the rotor (6) for conducting the gas-liquid mixture from the stator cavity (7b) to the outer perimeter of the stator (7).

Abstract: A water filtration and aeration system fastened to an aquarium to let gas (CO2, O.sub.2) be admitted in minute bubbles into water and then to let treated water be guided back to the aquarium. The system includes a gas diffusing unit, a flow guide assembly connected to the gas diffusing unit by a coupler, and an extension cylinder coupled to the flow guide assembly at the bottom. Gas and aquarium water are guided downwards to a mixing chamber in the coupler where they are mixed by a motor-driven vane, then treated water is guided by the flow guide assembly to flow out of the extension cylinder to the aquarium again.

Abstract: An apparatus for purifying and activating water is provided. The apparatus comprises a drive shaft having a hollow inside, a capsule secured to a lower end of the drive shaft, a device for supporting the drive shaft for rotation so that an upper opening of the drive shaft is positioned above the surface of water and the capsule is positioned in the water, and a motor for rotationally driving the drive shaft, the capsule including a plurality of small apertures communicating with the hollow inside of the drive shaft.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a preferred application for the treatment of stored, waste or filtered water by the transfer of an oxidizing gas into this water. In this case, it has the functions of a turbojet with mass transfer. The installation is constituted by a vessel comprising two concentric parallel chambers communicating with each other at least by their ends,and the central chamber is provided, firstly, at least with two turbines arranged in stages, the rotational axis of which is the same as the axis of symmetry of the installation and, secondly, structures forming counter-blades placed in an alternating position with the turbines.

Abstract: Complex mixing system with stages consisting of propeller mixers of high diameter ratio, where the blades are provided with flow modifying elements, whereby the energy proportions spent on dispersion of the amount of gas injected into the reactor, homogenization of the multi-phase mixtures, suspension of solid particles, etc. and the properties corresponding to the rheological properties of the gas-liquid mixtures and to the special requirements of the processes can be ensured even in extreme cases. Open channels (5) opposite to the direction of rotation are on the blades (4) of the dispersing stage (2a) of the propeller mixers (2) fixed to a common shaft, where the channels (5) are interconnected with gas inlet (7). The angle of incidence of a certain part of the blades (4) of mixing stages (2b, 2d) used for homogenization and suspension is of opposite direction and the length is shorter and/or the angle of incidence is smaller than those of the other blades.

Abstract: A continuous flow mixer includes an impeller assembly and a mixing chamber formed from concentric inner and outer tubes. The inner tube is radially constrained but is movable along the axis of the outer tube. The impeller assembly is at one end of the mixing chamber and draws fluid along the interior of the inner tube and discharges the fluid to the annular region between the inner and outer tubes. The fluids are introduced into the mixing chamber at the end remote from the impeller assembly and the mixed solution exits the mixing chamber substantially centrally of its length from the annular region.

Abstract: An apparatus for deagglomerating powder in a mixture of liquid and powder which contains a mixing tank, an agitator disposed within the mixing tank, and a baffle. The agitator disk is circular, has an diameter of from about 6 to about 40 inches, and contains a multiplicity of compound teeth radially and removably attached to its perimeter. Each of the compound teeth is comprised of a substrate to which is attached a front plate, a top plate, and a bottom plate; each of these plates preferably consists of a ceramic material, such as tungsten carbide.

Abstract: A flotation apparatus for floating minerals from fluid containing minerals in particulate form. The flotation apparatus includes a hydraulic motor directly connected to a drive shaft for driving a rotor located in the flotation cell, the hydraulic motor being powered by a hydraulic power pack having dual gear pumps to circulate hydraulic fluid at pressures of up to 2900 psi to drive the hydraulic motor. The dual gear pumps include a smaller gear pump for developing high pressure at low flow for quick, soft start of the flotation apparatus. Once started, the larger pump automatically takes over to provide high flow at lower pressure to develop rotor speed of approximately 160 RPM.

Abstract: An aerator comprises a centrifugal pump including a rotary impeller with a plurality of blades defining an upwardly opening, axially oriented eye, inwardly of the inner ends of the blades, the blades also defining a plurality of flow passages therebetween extending generally radially outwardly from the eye. The pump further comprises an impeller housing generally surrounding the impeller and including an upper wall closely overlying a major portion of the blades, radially outermost, and defining an axially upwardly opening inlet over the impeller eye, the housing further defining at least one laterally opening outlet communicating with the radially outer extremities of the flow passages. The housing is adapted to resist rotation with respect to a container of liquid in which a pump may be disposed. The pump is also adapted to stay in a given depth range in such container. A housing extension conduit, fixed with respect to the impeller housing, extends upwardly with respect to the impeller housing.

Abstract: A foam flotation reactor for the separation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic products is provided. The reactor combines a material to be beneficiated, collector reagents, and a stream of specifically generated gas bubbles, in order to collect the desired product in the foam in a more efficient manner. A narrowed upper part of the reactor and accompanying water sprays force separation of undesired particles. A foam generator efficiently supplies a bubbly liquid/frothing agent to the reactor.

Abstract: The invention provides a continuous moving bed reactor, useful for the prration of 3,7-diacetyl-1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo-3.3.1-nonane (DAPT). The reactor makes novel use of water, a known catalyst for said reaction. However, in this invention, the water is present as ice. The ice is made to automatically promote and moderate the reaction as well as regulate the flow of hexamine into the reactor. These automatic functions are achieved by mixing ice with hexamine, the latter is one of two principle reactants used, to generate a standing bed of slurry. When melted at its base, the slurry advanced under the influence of gravity. The melting of the ice being caused by local application of the second principle reactant, acetic anhydride, which is a liquid.The apparatus is constructed in the following way. A tube shaped reservoir for containing the cited slurry is open at the top end and terminates at its bottom end by a porous compartment. The latter compartment openly retains the slurry. A fluid delivery device, i.

Abstract: An agitator assembly for use in effecting dispersion of a fluid such as a gas in a liquid comprises a rotor having a rotatably driven shaft 18 mounting a series of scoop-shaped blades 20 which are oriented with the mouths 21 of the scoops presented in the direction of rotation of the shaft, each blade being mounted at an angle of attack such that one end of the blade leads the other in the direction of rotation. To eliminate gas cavity formation, each blade is of generally streamlined configuration in section and the ends 30 thereof are generally transverse to the axis of rotation of the rotor.

Abstract: A gas-liquid mixing system employs an impeller/draft tube assembly submerged in liquid. Hollow eductor tubes affixed to the impeller drive shaft are used to flow gas from an overhead gas space to the liquid in the vicinity of the assembly. The positioning and size of the eductor tubes are such as to maximize the desired gas-liquid mixing and reaction rate.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for feeding air into a flotation cell provided with a rotor and a stator. According to the present invention, air is fed into the intermediate space formed in between the rotor and stator covers, to above the rotor, wherefrom the air is distributed symmetrically.

Abstract: A foam flotation reactor for the separation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic products is provided. The reactor combines a material to be beneficiated, collector reagents, and a stream of specifically generated gas bubbles, in order to collect the desired product in the foam in a more efficient manner. A narrowed upper part of the reactor and accompanying water sprays force separation of undesired particles. A foam generator efficiently supplies a bubbly liquid/frothing agent to the reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for fumigating waste waters in a fumigation tank with fumigation enclosures (gas manifolds which are situated in parallel next to one another and at a distance from one another and rest horizontally, in whose upper sides gas outlet openings are situated and whose undersides are open, wherein mobile rotation bodies rotated by gas flow are situated for cleaning purposes in the gas outlet openings 13 of the fumigation enclosures 14 and the gas outlet openings 13 each have, in a known manner, a central countersunk section 12 enclosing an angle .alpha. of, for example, 90 to 180.degree. underneath and the remaining wall thickness 15 of the gas outlet opening 13 of each countersunk section 12 amounts to 0.5 to 2 mm. The rotation body according to the invention may comprise a top section 1 and a base section 3 which are joined to a neck section 2.

Abstract: An aerator for gasifying a body of liquid comprising a centrifugal pump having a generally vertical axis. The pump comprises a casing having a generally axial liquid inlet opening generally upwardly, a liquid outlet, and an internal fluid flow space communicating the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet. A centrifugal impeller is rotatably mounted in the space and operative to move fluid into the liquid inlet, through the space, and out the liquid outlet. A motor is operatively associated with the impeller to rotate it. The pump defines a cavitation zone in the fluid flow space adjacent a central portion of the impeller. The pump is adapted to maintain a disposition of its casing with the liquid inlet so opening generally upwardly below the surface of the liquid and capable of taking in both liquid from the body and also taking at least enough gas from an area outside the liquid to the cavitation zone so that the pump would surge if slightly more gas were taken.

Abstract: The turbine agitator assembly including a reservoir for liquid, a rotor mounted in the reservoir and with a plurality of radially extending blades, and sparger means for introducing a fluid into liquid in the reservoir. The fluid sparger means and the rotor are so constructed and arranged that, in use, the rotor blades (submerged in the liquid) and/or the liquid flow they generate disperse the sparged fluid. Each of the blades is hollow and has a discontinuous leading edge, only a single trailing edge along an acute angle, no external concave surface and an open radially outer end.

Abstract: An improved aeration device for septic tanks which allows fine bubbles of air to aerate waste material in the tank so that aerobic bacteria may fully perform their decomposing function. Air enters the upper end of a shaft and exists adjacent a propeller. The propeller is protected from interfering with its bubble formation action by a guard bushing concentrically positioned in the air tube so that typical non-organic waste adulterants such is plastic and rubber materials, that are often found in septic tanks, are not drawn into the propeller to interfere with its action.

Abstract: An apparatus for the treatment of liquid by aeration is provided. The apparatus has a motor, a propeller carried by a motor-driven shaft, an air flow passage to the propeller, bearings supporting the shaft at a location spaced from the motor and at least one bearing seal between a bearing and the propeller. In accordance with the present invention, a module for releasably carrying at least one of the bearing seals is detachably secured about the shaft to faciliate removal of at least the bearing seals from the apparatus.

Abstract: A stock liquid is made to flow into a cell through a stock inlet at one end of the cell. The stock liquid is admixed with air bubbles from an air bubble generating device disposed at a lower portion of the cell and extending between the opposite end plates of the cell, thereby forming the stock liquid into a spiral flow. Ink particles are entrapped by the air bubbles to deink the stock liquid and the air bubbles remain as froth over the free surface of the stock liquid. The froth is made to flow down to the froth trough. The deinked stock liquid is discharged to the exterior of the cell through the stock outlet at the other end of the cell.

Abstract: An apparatus for the treatment of liquid by aeration is provided. The apparatus has a motor, a propeller carried by a motor-driven shaft, an airflow passage to the propeller, and bearings supporting the shaft at at least one location spaced from the motor. In accordance with the present invention, an air pocket is established about at least one of the bearings for keeping liquid from the bearings as by a conical member extending over the shaft from the bearing.

Abstract: In order to obtain efficient gas dispersion (aeration where air is the gas) in mixing systems where the circulating impeller is offset from the center of the tank containing the medium in which the gas is dispersed or sparged while being circulated, flooding of the impeller due to entrainment of gas released by the sparging device (a pipe or ring having as outlets) because of the asymmetrical return flow of the medium circulating in the tank which entrains the gas and brings the gas into the area swept by the impeller as it rotates, is avoided by arranging the sparging device to prohibit the release of gas into a region, including a sector of the swept area, where the return flow responsible for flooding occurs. This sector has been found to lie along a line between the center of the tank and the axis of rotation of the impeller. The gas dispersion mixing system is especially useful in dispersion of gas into large volumes (e.g. 20,000 cubic feet).

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for feeding air into a flotation cell provided with a rotor and a stator. According to the method and apparatus of the present invention, air is fed into the intermediate space formed in between the rotor and stator covers, to above the rotor, wherefrom the air is distributed symmetrically.

Abstract: A high efficiency gas dissolution system is used to dissolve gas in a portion of a body of liquid, improving gas utilization and reducing associated energy requirements. A portion of the body of liquid is recirculated through a mechanical, in-line gas dissolution device wherein a secondary feed gas is dissolved in the liquid.

Abstract: A continuous stirred-tank reactor suitable for the liquid-phase oxidation of an aromatic alkyl to an aromatic carboxylic acid is provided with vertically disposed, relatively narrow baffles on the reactor wall and with oxidizing gas inlet means below the agitator in the reactor. The baffle width is about 0.02 to about 0.04 times the diameter of the reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for increasing gas absorption in a liquid includes, in a first embodiment, gas injection airfoils at an inlet of an extended vertical tube and a pump at an outlet of the tube for drawing the liquid at a rate greater than the rise rate of the gas bubbles. An outlet of the pump preferrably includes a plurality of outlet nozzles. A second embodiment for use with a liquid or slurry includes a venturi gas inlet in place of the airfoils.

Abstract: A multiple-gas-phase liquid treatment apparatus for use, for example, as a gas dissolving apparatus, gas removing apparatus, sewage treatment apparatus, or large-quantity culture apparatus includes a hollow container, a plurality of horizontal partition plates mounted in the hollow container to define a plurality of vertically-stacked liquid treatment chambers, a pouring port for introducing liquid to be treated into an upper portion of the hollow container, a discharge port for removing treated liquid from a bottom portion of the hollow container, a gas vent port for introducing gas into the bottom portion of the hollow container, and a hollow tube connected to each horizontal partition plate and extending a predetermined distance downwardly therefrom. Liquid introduced into the top portion of the hollow container flows from one partition plate to an adjacent lower partition plate through the hollow tube in each partition plate.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed which are used to mix two fluids, two gases, or a fluid and a gas. The preferred embodiment is useful primarily for the aeration of water but can be used to mix any gas with a liquid. The method involves creating relative movement between an elongate element and a fluid whereby a low-pressure area will be developed on the lee side of the element. The gas is then admitted to the low-pressure area and bubbles are formed. The element is preferably pointed to form a tine, and the bubbles are moved along the tine by a component of the relative motion toward the tip. When the bubble reaches the tip it will be detached and entrained in the fluid. When a plurality of tines is used, significant air induction capacities are observed. one embodiment employs tines mounted to a rotating body and other embodiments use arrays of parallel tines mounted to fixed structures and immersed in a stream of fluid.

Abstract: A novel turbine is described which consists of a disc or a shaft, to the upper and lower sides of which blades are attached, the blades on the upper side being at least three times larger than those on the underside. The combination of such a turbine with a guide tube provides a strong suction effect, which is suitable, for example, for drawing gases or gas/vapor mixtures into liquid media. Also, methods of directly heating a liquid by hot gases while avoiding the discharge of pollutants into the environment which comprises introducing the hot gases into the liquid with turbulence and with a suction effect such as, for example, by rotating the turbine in the liquid.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for increasing gas absorptiion in a liquid includes, in a first embodiment, gas injection airfoils at an inlet of an extended vertical tube and a pump at an outlet of the tube for drawing the liquid at a rate greater than the rise rate of the gas bubbles. An outlet of the pump preferrably includes a plurality of outlet nozzles. A second embodiment for use with a liquid or slurry includes a venturi gas inlet in place of the airfoils.

Abstract: A gas-liquid mixing process and apparatus employing two or more stacked impeller-draft tube assemblies adapted to enable effective gas ingestion into a recirculating body of liquid by vortex development to be continued upon an appreciable variation in liquid level during the course of the mixing operation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for exposing particles to a fluid including the steps of adding fluid and particles to a container having impeller means therein, generating a current with the impeller so as to subject the particles to centrifugal and convective forces resulting in the formation of a well-defined and localized fluidized bed of particles, and maintaining the existence of the current through the fluidized bed so that the particles are thereby exposed to the fluid. The fluidized bed is located in a region removed from the impeller when the particles are more dense than the fluid, and the fluidized bed is located in a region near the impeller when the particles are less dense than the fluid. A method of exposing a first fluid to a second fluid, the second fluid being either a gas or a liquid immiscible in the first fluid is also disclosed.

Abstract: The gas outlet of a pipe or other sparging device is encompassed by a cover or cap which is located between the gas outlet and the mixing impeller at the bottom of a vessel. The cap is closed at the top and has a side wall so that the gas bubbles disperse around the lower rim of the wall. The wall may be non-symmetric, such as square in cross section, so as to be at different radial positions with respect to the gas outlet. The gas bubbles, even if released in pulses are distributed spatially and in time. The lower rim is preferable serrated (as a saw tooth edge) with the teeth being of different height, thereby further spreading the distribution of the bubbles as they are dispersed. The overlap or distance between the rim and the gas outlet is such that a sufficient quantity of gas is confined around the outlet to damp pressure pulsations when the pressure of the gas at the outlet does not significantly exceed the hydrostatic pressure at the outlet into the liquid.

Abstract: In accordance with illustrative embodiments of the present invention, a chlorine gas inductor unit for use in wastewater treatment includes an elongated bearing frame having upper and lower bearing housings secured to the opposite ends of a tubular member, a drive shaft extending axially through the bearing frame and being supported by bearings in the upper and lower housings, a mechanical seal housing mounted at the lower end of the bearing frame and housing a face seal assembly that prevents contamination of a non-hydrocarbon lubricating oil contained in the bearing frame with wastewater or chlorine gas, the drive shaft having a short-length portion extending below the seal housing, a propeller mounted on the lower end of the drive shaft and driven at high speed to cause a high velocity flow of wastewater, and orifice means responsive to rotation of the propeller and such high velocity flow to cause chlorine gas from a remote supply to be sucked through the orifice means and mixed with the wastewater flow.

Abstract: A propeller type aeration apparatus for inducing the flow of fluids into a liquid being treated by the rotation of a propeller in the liquid includes an outer housing having a hollow interior, and opposite first and second ends. A drive shaft is supported for rotary motion about its axis within the hollow interior of the outer housing. A motor is connected to a first end of the said drive shaft for rotating the drive shaft. A propeller is attached to a second end of the drive shaft and induces a flow of the liquid in which the propeller is disposed. At least one elongate conduit is attached to an outer surface of the outer housing. One end of the conduit is located adajcent to the propeller and in the path of the flow of the liquid caused by the propeller, and a second end of the conduit is in communication with a fluid to be injected into the liquid.

Abstract: A flotation chamber separates fine kaolin particles or the like by flotation out of a slurry. A generally cylindrical column has an inlet for injecting slurry into the column, a froth launder at an upper end of the column, and a tailings outlet at the lower end of the column. A draft tube is vertically oriented within the column and has upper and lower open ends. A sparger within the draft tube injects air into the slurry within the draft tube, and a rotary impeller immediately above the top end of the draft tube produces a fine bubble in the slurry and permits quiescent zones in the slurry above and below the position of the impeller. Aeration of the slurry supplied to the impeller lowers power draw.

Abstract: A system for separating phases of a liquid stream, comprising a plurality of members each member having an inlet and an outlet such that the outlet of one member is connected to the inlet of another with members being horizontally or vertically stacked in relation to each other.

Abstract: A vessel (1) for impregnating water with carbon dioxide is pressure-tight and has inlets (4, 5) for water and carbon dioxide. Within the vessel, a cooling surface (9) is provided, connected to an external refrigeration circuit. Within the vessel and below the level of water, an underwater pump (15) is provided for producing a circulation of water inside the vessel. Carbon dioxide in finely divided form is introduced into the flowing water, preferably via the pump (15) for producing the water circulation. In use, an ice jacket (11 ) forms on the cooling surface (9).

Abstract: A gas-liquid mixing process and apparatus having a vessel with an axial flow down-pumping impeller in a draft tube has gas ingestion tubes extending into a body of liquid from a hollow portion of the impeller shaft or other fluid communication means with the overhead gas in the vessel. Upon gas-liquid mixing at liquid levels that interfere with vortex development by the impeller, gas is drawn from the overhead through the ingestion tubes into the body of liquid.

Abstract: A centrifugal oxygenator pump includes a bottom inlet into an impeller chamber, the bottom inlet having a venturi gas inlet for mixing gas with the in flowing liquid. The impeller chamber is of a frusto-conical shape within which is rotatably mounted a similarly shaped mismatched impeller, the impeller driving the liquid and gas mixture toward a toroidal outlet chamber and through an outlet to an outlet nozzle. The motor drives the impeller to attain a high specific speed so that an increased capacity and larger size oxygenator is provided with maximum efficiency and effectiveness.

Abstract: This is a water aerating unit which is particularly adapted for aerating bodies of water adjacent the shoreline and is readily transportable from one location to another. A suitable transporting vehicle is provided such as a tractor having a power take-off and hydraulic system for providing the driving power water for the propeller as well as the air blower mounted on the unit. The unit is supported on a wheeled frame by which the elevation of the lower submerged end thereof may be adjustably varied by a hydraulic system.