Abstract: The pitch is extruded at a suitable temperature through cylindrical nozzles. At the exit from these nozzles the pitch is lowered into water, where a cutter divides it into granules which, deposited on a conveyer belt, remain immersed long enough to permit suitable cooling. Then they undergo drying by hot jets of air.

Abstract: A porous membrane which is composed of cellulose acetate and acrylic polymer, for example, poly(methyl methacrylate) or methyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymer, is highly suitable for plasmapheresis. A polymer alloy consisting of cellulose acetate, acrylic polymer and a small amount of cellulose nitrate has a good spinnability to produce a hollow fiber type membrane and has an excellent biocompatibility.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a procedure for precipitating cellulose carbamate from an aqueous alkali solution. The solution is brought into contact with an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid containing one or several cations selected from the group consisting of Na, Al, Mg, Zn and Ca cations, whereby in the precipitation of cellulose carbamate the advantage is gained that the dry matter content of the fibre can be made high enough.

Abstract: A polyethylene terephthalate packing band is provided which is made of a polyethylene terephthalate resin having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.90 to 1.20 and has been longitudinally stretched to an overall draft of 3 to 6 times. There is also provided a packing band of the above construction in which the longitudinal orientation of the resin molecules has been randomized by embossing. There is further provided a method by which the above-mentioned packing band is efficiently manufactured.

Abstract: A melt of synthetic material is forced through orifices of a die plate, and the resulting strands of melt are led into a trough, where they travel in counter-current to a stream of cooling water. At the end of the trough, the strands are discharged, for further processing. The bottom of the trough merges into a vertical pipe and the melt strands are led into this pipe and out again, in a variable loop, in order to obtain the desired length of cooling path.

Abstract: Woven, non-woven and knitted fabrics containing at least 1% by weight of specialty fibers formed from high molecular weight polymers of alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids, alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic sulfonic acids and the hydroxyalkyl esters and glycidyl esters of these acids which are cross-linked at a cross-linking density of from about 1 cross-linkage per from about 40 to about 100 repeating monomeric units of the homopolymer are capable of absorbing up to about 40% by weight of the moisture without loss of mechanical strength and other textile properties. These fabrics have anti-static properties. Sheer fabrics are useful for stockings, panty hose, underwear and the like.

Abstract: A membrane for microfiltration, ultrafiltration or dialysis comprises a methyl methacrylate copolymer containing about 0.5 to 10 mol % of a monomer having sulfonate groups, and a methyl methacrylate copolymer containing about 0.5 to 10 mol % of a monomer having quaternary nitrogen-containing groups. It is manufactured by mixing those copolymers, dissolving the mixture in a solvent such as dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylformamide, and forming a membrane from a solution of the copolymers by casting or spinning. The membrane is particularly suitable for use in the purification of blood, and its most preferable form is hollow fibers. A method of preparing hollow fibers comprises extruding the copolymer solution through a spinneret having an annular orifice defined by a thin central tube while a liquid or gas is being injected into the central tube, and coagulating the extrusion product.

Abstract: Spinning of polyethylene terephthalate yarn at speeds in excess of 5000 meters per minute and rapid quenching produces highly oriented, amorphous yarn that gives enhanced bulk on texturing.

Abstract: A non-woven alginate fabric useful as a wound dressing is made by spreading a tow of calcium alginate filaments in a flow of water, overfeeding the spread filaments onto a water-pervious support so that the filaments cross over each other and drying the filaments so that the alginate filaments become bonded to each other at their points of contact where they cross over each other. The filaments used have preferably been stretched in an atmosphere of steam and water-washed but not dried and are preferably dried by suction on the water-pervious support.

Abstract: New polymer solutions, processes for producing such solutions, shaped articles made from these solutions, and process of making such articles, are disclosed. The polymer solutions contain cellulose having a degree of polymerization of at least 200, an acrylonitrile polymer, dimethylsulphoxide and formaldehyde. The weight ratio of cellulose/acrylonitrile polymer is 0.05 to 1, preferably 0.1 to 1, the weight ratio of formaldehyde/cellulose is 0.2 to 2, and the total concentration of polymer in the solution is 12 to 30% by weight, preferably 18 to 26% by weight.The solutions of the present invention are particularly suitable for the production of filaments consisting of fibrils orientated approximately along the axis of the fibre and closely interwoven, with the cellulose macromolecules being partially involved in a crystal lattice characteristic of cellulose II. The filaments possess valuable properties for use in textiles, such as, for instance, in garments.

Abstract: A process for improving the comfort of garments made from acrylonitrile polymer filaments by incorporating in the filaments, a polymer obtained by cross-linking a polyether with an isocyanate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making a thick-and-thin fiber or fibers, wherein the fineness thereof changes gradually and periodically along the longitudinal direction thereof. The method comprises (1) a step wherein molten fiber forming polymer is extruded through spinneret holes at a constant throughput, (2) a step wherein the extruded filaments run through a short gaseous gap whose length is in the range of 0.1 to 6 millimeters before they plunge into liquid for abrupt solidification by cooling, (3) a step wherein the solidified undrawn filaments are touched by at least one vibrating substance before being withdrawn at a constant speed, (4) a step wherein the undrawn filaments are drawn by some roller systems, and (5) a step wherein the drawn filaments are thermally set.

Abstract: New polymer solutions, processes for producing such solutions, shaped articles made from these solutions, and process of making such articles, are disclosed. The polymer solutions contain cellulose having a degree of polymerization of at least 200, an acrylonitrile polymer, dimethylsulphoxide and formaldehyde. The weight ratio of cellulose/acrylonitrile polymer is 0.05 to 1, preferably 0.1 to 1, the weight ratio of formaldehyde/cellulose is 0.2 to 2, and the total concentration of polymer in the solution is 12 to 30% by weight, preferably 18 to 26% by weight.The solutions of the present invention are particularly suitable for the production of filaments consisting of fibrils orientated approximately along the axis of the fibre and closely interwoven, with the cellulose macromolecules being partially involved in a crystal lattice characteristics of cellulose II. The filaments possess valuable properties for use in textiles, such as, for instance, in garments.

Abstract: Anisotropic hollow fiber membranes comprising polymer of acrylonitrile and styrene are prepared by extruding a solution of a hollow fiber-forming polymer comprising polymer of acrylonitrile and styrene in a liquid carrier through an annular spinnerette to form a hollow fiber precursor, and the hollow fiber precursor is coagulated in a liquid coagulant comprising water to form a hollow fiber membrane. The liquid carrier used in the method comprises N,N-dimethylformamide and preferably contains non-solvent for the polymer of acrylonitrile and styrene. The hollow fiber membranes have a homogeneously-formed thin selective skin on an open cellular support and exhibit high resistance to collapse. The membranes are especially useful for the separation of gases.

Abstract: A fibre and method of making the fibre. The fibre consists at least in part of a cationic amino-formaldehyde resin and may also include a carrier material which is a water-soluble fibre-forming polymer.Fibres can be made by a wet-spinning method. An aqueous solution of the resin is mixed with an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol to form a spinning solution and the spinning solution is extruded into a coagulation bath to form a fibre, which is dried and cured.The cationic amino-formaldehyde resin comprises the reaction product of a triazine, optionally urea, and formaldehyde and a compound, such as di- or tri-ethanolamine to render the resin cationic. It may be mixed with another cationic amino-formaldehyde resin, e.g. a cationic urea-formaldehyde resin, in the making of the fibre.

Abstract: A method of forming a resilient open fibrous web of inter-engaged coarse continuous kinky filaments, with one major surface of the web being flattened. The method involves extruding a bundle of filaments of a thermoplastic material, aligning the bundle so the filaments fall into a quench bath and upon a contact surface so as to provide differential quenching, and advancing the resulting web at a slower rate than the rate of extrusion.

Abstract: An apparatus for noodling a gelating dispersion which continuously gels and noodles the gelatin dispersion and supplies noodles of the dispersion into cold water in a washing tank, said apparatus comprising a means for supplying a predetermined quantity of said dispersion to an extruder at a predetermined pressure, said extruder comprising a plurality of supply nozzles that extend from a receiving chamber for said dispersion which are preferably made of a material having higher thermal conductivity than the walls of the chamber, and a washing tank to which cold water has free access, the supply nozzles of said extruder being so arranged as to be immersed in the cold water in said washing tank, to thereby promote gelation of said dispersion flowing down through each of said nozzles and to form firmer and stabler noodles.

Abstract: Orientation stretching of acrylonitrile polymer fiber spun from a polymer-water melt directly into a steam-pressurized solidification zone is more readily accomplished when hot, liquid water is used to wet the fiber being processed at or before the stretch rolls.

Abstract: A process for the production of monofilaments of polyvinylidene fluoride is disclosed wherein polyvinylidene fluoride is plasticized in an extruder and fed to an extrusion die and passed through an extrusion nozzle orifice to enter a liquid cooling medium having a thermal conductivity of under 0.4 W/m .degree.K., a viscosity at 100.degree. C. of over 0.5 cp and a density at 100.degree. C. of over 1.1 g/cm.sup.3. Extusion is performed by passing the plasticized polyvinylidene fluoride over separate extrusion zones such as by passing the polyvinylidene fluoride over a first extrusion zone maintained at a first extrusion temperature and thereafter passing the polyvinylidene fluoride through a second extrusion zone maintained at a temperature of 10 to 30 percent higher than the preceeding extrusion zone. An apparatus for carrying out the process is also described.

Abstract: A process for the production of high molecular weight, fiber- and film-trimming polyterephthaloyl oxalamidrazone and polydiphenylether-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid oxalamidrazone where a solution of pure terephtaloyl chloride or diphenyl-ether-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid dichloride in an inert solvent free from amines and water is slowly added, at a temperature between 10.degree. C. and 35.degree. C., to a solution of pure oxalic acid bisamidrazone in dimethyl acetamide and/or N-methyl pyrrolidone, free from amines and water, containing 4 to 6 percent by weight of anhydrous lithium chloride, the total quantity of the solvents used amounting to 1.25 to 3.30 liters per mole of oxalic acid bisamidrazone.

Abstract: A wholly aromatic polyamide fiber which comprises a wholly aromatic polyamide and an organic phosphorus compound having one or more halogen atoms. The wholly aromatic polyamide has repeating units of which at least about 85 mol % are represented by the formula: ##STR1## The amount of the organic phosphorus compound having one or more halogen atoms is such as to provide a halogen atom content of 0.5% to 25.0% and a phosphorus atom content of 0.05% to 6.0% by weight of the wholly aromatic polyamide. The obtained wholly aromatic polyamide fiber has excellent flame-resistance, good color and good fiber properties.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are described for extruding filaments of thermoplastic material, particularly polypropylene, by liquid quench melt spinning in which a baffle arrangement is disposed in the quench liquid around the location where the filaments enter to reduce turbulence, vortexing, and liquid level variation. The baffle arrangement forms an opentopped box-like structure with two quench liquid inlet apertures and one quench liquid outlet aperture. Yarn guides are disposed inside this structure and the filaments, after solidifying, pass around the yarn guides and then upwards, at an angle of about 30 degrees to the horizontal, through the quench liquid outlet aperture. The passage of the filaments creates a pumping action of the quench liquid in through the two inlet apertures and out through the outlet aperture. The area of the outlet aperture is less than the sum of the areas of the inlet apertures, to create an inefficient pump.

Abstract: Process for the extrusion, followed by cooling with water, of compositions based on alpha-olefin polymers. The composition being extruded comprises a phenolic anti-oxidizing agent, an organic phosphite, and a carbonate of an alkaline-earth metal. The process permits fabricating films, filaments and tubes.

Abstract: A method of preparing shaped polypyrrolidone articles having a high degree of tensile strength comprising forming said articles from solutions of polypyrrolidone in hydrous formic acid and drawing said articles while impregnated with said hydrous formic acid. The invention also includes the step of enhancing the tenacity of shaped polypyrrolidone articles by impregnation thereof with hydrous formic acid and drawing said impregnated articles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bi-component filament or fibre of a fibre-forming synthetic polymer having a core/sheath structure in at least one component and having a moisture absorption of at least 1.5% at 65% relative atmospheric humidity and at a temperature of 21.degree. C. and a moisture absorption of at least 5% at 90% relative atmospheric humidity and 21.degree. C. and a water-retention-power of at least 10% as well as to a process for the production thereof.

Abstract: A flame-retardant fiber is made comprising 20 - 95% by weight of amino resin condensate of an amino compound and formaldehyde in which the amino compound may be a melamine, combined melamine and guanamine, combined melamine and urea, combined melamine, guanamine and urea, and benzoguanamine and/or urea, and in which the chemical bond linking the polymer chain is for the most part methylene linkage and 80 - 5% by weight of polyvinylalcohol, the resulting fiber being cured when necessary and having a tensile strength of at least 1.0 g/d., and having a break elongation of at least 5%.

Abstract: Certain solutions of lithium halides particularly solutions of lithium chloride dissolved readily poly(hydroxymethylene) and copolymers of hydroxymethylene with up to about 30 mol percent of ethylenically unsaturated comonomers at high concentrations suitable for solution spinning. Such solutions are desirable for commercial operation as well as preferred from an economical and toxicological point of view.

Abstract: Poly (ethylene oxide) monofilaments together with their preparation and use are disclosed. The monofilaments are characterized in part by their properties which are useful for weaving or sewing and by their solubility in a wide variety of solvents including water at room temperatures. The monofilaments of the invention are useful in weaving as temporary binder yarns and as basting threads.

Abstract: A process for producing wholly aromatic polyamide fibers by extruding a spinning solution of a wholly aromatic polyamide in an amide solvent into an aqueous coagulating bath containing inorganic salts, said process comprising feeding an aqueous coagulating liquid containing calcium chloride and having an amide solvent concentration of not more than 3% by weight to the vicinity of a spinneret, flowing the coagulating liquid in said bath at an average velocity not more than 0.1 time the velocity of yarn take-up in the yarn advancing direction, discharging the coagulating liquid having an amide solvent concentration of not less than 4% by weight from said bath, treating the coagulating bath with an organic solvent consisting substantially of methylene chloride, and extracting and recovering the amide solvent from the coagulating liquid.

Abstract: In the formation of highly absorbent and rapidly wicking filaments and web structures by extrusion and solvent drying of extrudates composed of highly swollen hydrophilic chemically modified cellulose fibers, improved results are obtained in the form of a softer and better wicking product by treatment of the extrudate prior to extrusion. The extrudate is a mass containing the swollen chemically modified cellulose fibers and a water content of up to 98% at the time of extrusion. By adding to the extrudate, prior to extrusion, an amount of from about 2 to 50% of the solvent to be used in drying in the form of pure solvent or in the form of a mixture containing solvent but which may contain water or other non-solvent and the solvent to be used in drying, a much better performing extrudate is produced which results in better filament formation, improved bonding between filaments, lower water content in the extrudate, faster drying of the extruded product, and a softer, better wicking product.

Abstract: A method for making steel wire cord from particulate iron oxides with the aid of a fiber-forming acrylic polymer is disclosed. A plurality of continuous filaments are first formed by wet-spinning an acrylic polymer spin dope in which particles of iron oxide are dispersed. The resulting filaments are drawn to increase their tenacity and then twisted to form a precursor cord. This is followed by exposing the precursor to a reducing atmosphere (e.g., a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide) at a temperature in the range of from about 900.degree. C. to 1150.degree. C. for a period of about 3 to 8 minutes. Under these conditions, the iron oxide particles are reduced to the metallic state and the polymer in the precursor is pyrolized to carbon and by-product gases. The carbon diffuses into the resulting iron, and the individual metal particles sinter to form continuous steel wire cord having an essentially ferritic/pearlitic structure.

Abstract: Heavy denier, polyamide monofils are produced by the coupled steps of spinning, quenching, drawing and winding. Quenching involves passage of the filament through an air gap and a water bath. There are two stages of drawing. In the first stage, pressurized steam is used to deorient surface polymer and as a draw assist.

Abstract: An elastic hard fiber composed mainly of polyisobutylene oxide and having an elastic recovery ratio of at least 70% from 50% extension and a work recovery ratio of at least 70% from 5% extension, is prepared by extruding molten polyisobutylene oxide at a temperature of from 175.degree. C up to the decomposition temperature thereof, cooling the extrudate rapidly to a temperature of -20.degree. to 70.degree. C, and spinning it at a draw ratio of 50 to 1000.

Abstract: Chemically modified cellulose fibers such as those which have been subjected to phosphorylation or carboxymethylation or to polymer grafting-hydrolysis are refined in the presence of water, centrifuged to remove unbound water and extruded into filaments. The individual fibers are identifiable within the filaments and are generally aligned parallel to the filament axis. Certain embodiments of the filaments are highly absorbent, have fast wicking rates, and may be self-bonded to form integral nonwoven webs for use in disposable diapers, sanitary products, wipes and the like.

Abstract: High temperature resistant aromatic copolyimide fibers are disclosed together with processes for their preparation by wet and dry spinning techniques from solvent soluble copolyimides. The latter are prepared from benzophenone-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and a mixture of 4,4'-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) and toluene diisocyanate (2,4-, or 2,6-isomer, or mixtures thereof). The wet spinning process can be stopped at any one of the stages taught, to yield useful fibers. The choice of coagulant fluid in the spin bath controls the fiber cross-section which in turn controls certain fiber characteristics. When glycerine or a low molecular weight aliphatic glycol is employed as coagulant fluid, the high temperature fiber obtained has advantageous properties which are otherwise difficult or impossible to obtain.

Abstract: Apparatus for pelletizing synthetic plastic resins, comprising an extruding die assembly having extrusion orifice sleeves pervious to liquid, a water jacket surrounding each sleeve in such manner that water will pass through the walls thereof to chill plastic being extruded therethrough while at the same time lubricating passage of the plastic therethrough. Severing means are provided at the die face for cutting the plastic into pellets as it is extruded. Optionally means are provided for collecting the pellets such as a casing that surrounds the die and the cutting means.

Abstract: Suitable pitch is formed into a filament continuously and upward by various means located at the bottom of a vessel containing a hot buoyant liquid. The liquid buoys up the fragile filament as it ascends the vessel from a lower region held at one temperature to an upper region where the temperature is about 450.degree.-700.degree.C. The filament emerges upward out of the liquid to move further through a still higher temperature (>900.degree.C) zone which upon leaving the previously formed pitch is a carbon filament. The liquid can be a blend of suitable molten inorganic salts or a molten inorganic oxide.

Abstract: Polyester monofilaments of 1000 to 10,000 denier per filament can be produced to have both good straight tenacity and good transverse properties (high loop tenacity) by extruding molten polyethylene terephthalate of at least 0.6 intrinsic viscosity through an air gap into a water bath to form a monofil and then drawing the monofil in two stages under controlled heating conditions to provide at least 0.190 average birefringence, measured along monofil diameters and a substantially lower birefringence value adjacent to the surface of the monofil. The monofilaments are suitable for use as reinforcement in tires, V-belts and other industrial applications.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacturing synthetic tow for stretch-cut spinning process. This synthetic tow is produced by changing the coagulation condition after delivery from the spinnerets so the weak points are distributed in individual filaments in a particular condition defined by variation of unevenness of breaking strength. The coagulation condition of each filaments in the tow is positively changed according to periodic changes in the filament's passage by contacting a deviation bar disposed in the filament's passage.

Abstract: An improved process for the manufacture of virtually bubble-free monofilaments of polyhexamethylene adipamide and having a thickness of more than 0.5 mm, wherein polyhexamethylene adipamide containing from 0.05 to 2% by weight of polystyrene finely dispersed therein is passed in the molten state through a sand filter having a particle size between 100 and 1,500 .mu.m and is immediately thereafter melt-spun into a cooling bath, followed by drawing.

Abstract: In melt spinning a crystalline plastic material such as, for example, nylon 6, molten filaments discharged through the spinneret are drafted at a mathematical draft of not less than 3 and, while being so drafted in their molten state, are abruptly cooled to a temperature below -30.degree.C, whereby the microbrownian motion of the molecules in the filaments is frozen while the molecules in the filaments are retained in a specific oriented state. When the filaments in which the molecules are oriented in a fixed direction and hence the chains of molecules are in a readily stretchable state are further subjected to a stretching treatment at a temperature at which the microbrownian motion of molecules remains frozen, there are produced filaments possessed of mechanical strengths far exceeding those exhibited by filaments which are spun and stretched by the conventional method.

Abstract: Synthetic filaments having a dull appearance and a feel similar to that of natural fibers, as well as a process for making same, are disclosed. The filaments have an integral skin-core structure, with the core formed of oriented dense polymer and the skin formed of the same polymer, in a fibrous and vesicular form. The filaments are produced by spinning the filaments and quenching the filaments while in the molten state in an inert cooling medium having a temperature of less than 100.degree.C. The inert cooling medium is a swelling agent for the polymer at temperatures above the polymer solidification point and a non-swelling agent for the polymer at temperatures less than 100.degree.C, the degree of swelling progressively decreasing with the decrease of the polymer filament temperature from the polymer solidification temperature to the temperature of the cooling medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to threads, fibers or films comprising polyvinylidene fluoride, with good dye affinity for plastosoluble and cationic dyestuffs.More particularly, the invention relates to threads, fibers or films formed of a mixture of vinylidene fluoride homopolymer and of a copolymer containing at least 60% by weight of methyl methacrylate units and 5 to 40% by weight of units of at least one acid ethylenic comonomer, copolymerizable with methyl methacrylate.The threads and fibers in accordance with the invention can be used in particular in the field of textiles.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for smoothing and densifying both the upper and lower surfaces of a filamentary mat or sheet as rows of freshly melt spun filaments are permitted to fall freely onto the surface of a liquid cooling bath whereby the individual filaments spread laterally at the bath surface to form helical to sinuous loops which then become self-bonded at overlapping points of intersection within a short distance below the bath surface. A flattening or densifying of upper and lower surfaces of the mat into a more rigid structural member is accomplished by inserting at least one pair of downwardly diverging plates within the bath such that the upper apex thereof extends parallel to the rows of filaments and falls within at least one outermost row of filaments, thereby deflecting such a row inwardly and upwardly over the apex as it is incorporated into an outer bonded surface of the mat.

Abstract: In melt spinning, in order to permit high rates of spinning without deterioration in yarn quality, the area in which the filaments enter the quench bath is partially surrounded by baffle means and at at least two symmetrical locations about the periphery of that area wetting agent is introduced into the area.

Abstract: a process is provided for the formation of block copolymer particles having a reduced tendency to agglomerate which comprises extruding the block copolymer into a water bath in the presence of water-dispersible polyvalent metal salts of higher fatty acids and/or water-dispersible surfactants and forming nibs, pellets or strands in the bath. Suitable water soluble surfactants include anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants. Especially contemplated is the use of zinc stearate as the surfactant.