Abstract: The present invention relates to a formed fabric which contains cellulose fibers, which contain zinc oxide particles which are at least partially incorporated and which is additionally impregnated with a liquid, and to a method of its production and to its use, in particular for manufacturing preservative-free, moist wet wipes.

Abstract: A graphene ribbon fiber manufacturing process, where a coagulation medium flows in the same direction as the graphene ribbon fibers. The process for spinning graphene ribbon fibers starts with unzipping carbon nanotubes to form graphene ribbons, purifying and drying the graphene ribbons and subsequent dissolving of the graphene ribbons in a suitable solvent, preferably a super acid to form a spin-dope. The spin-dope is spun such that the accrued fibers are guided into a coagulation medium, also known as anti-solvent, where the spun or accrued fibers are coagulated. The coagulated graphene ribbon fibers are stripped, neutralized and washed and wound on bobbins.

Abstract: Disclosed are wholly aromatic polyamide filament and a method of manufacturing the same, characterized by comprising multi-stage injection of a coagulant with sulfuric acid concentration lowered sequentially stage by stage, to a spun material fed into a coagulant injection tank. The present invention enables increase of a spinning and take-up velocity without occurrence of thread cutting by uniformly and evenly coagulating surface and inside of the spun material. In addition, the present invention recovers the coagulant or water already used and reuses the recovered coagulant or water in the earlier stages, so that it has advantages of saving production costs and reducing environmental contamination. Accordingly, the wholly aromatic polyamide filament produced according to the present invention has high crystallinity X, large apparent crystal size ACS and reduced defects in the crystal itself, thereby exhibiting more improved physical properties such as strength and modulus.

Abstract: Methods for making P4HB polymers and copolymers thereof that are useful for preparing controlled release systems, medical devices and as intermediates in chemical synthesis, have been developed. These methods avoid the use of organic solvents, and basic conditions that can cause transesterification reactions with polymer terminal end groups or elimination reactions. A preferred embodiment is a method for producing polymers of P4HB with weight average molecular weight less than 250,000, and more preferably, less than 100,000, and a Pd of less than 3, which are useful in controlled release. A particularly preferred embodiment utilizes aqueous acetic acid to hydrolyze pellets of P4HB polymers and copolymers while in suspension.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for energy usage during the cooling of extrusion profiles, preferably pipes, wherein energy is supplied in the form of heat for melting the plastic and heat is withdrawn from the plastic again for shaping at least in the devices of mold, calibration, and cooling bath until the plastic is self-supporting. According to the invention, it is provided that a coolant medium runs through the extrusion line opposite to the extrusion direction for cooling, the medium which is used for cooling being guided from one device to the next and the coolant medium heating further in each device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for forming a cellulose film suitable for direct food contact by precipitation from a solution of cellulose water and a tertiary amine oxide cellulose solvent. After precipitation of a cellulose gel from the solution, the gel is washed at ever increasing temperatures and then dried to provide a cellulose film having a solvent level to not more than 40 ppm. Portions of the wash water is collected and treated to recover the solvent for reuse.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of extruding a solution of cellulose and an amine oxide cellulose solvent as a tube about a sizing mandrel which diametrically stretches the extruded tube. An aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) solution is introduced into the interior of the extruded tube to facilitate passage of the tube over the sizing mandrel and to extract the amine oxide cellulose solvent from the tube. After such extraction, the aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) solution containing the extracted amine oxide cellulose solvent is contacted with an anion exchanger to remove the poly(ethylene oxide) so the amine oxide cellulose solvent can be recovered.

Abstract: The composite vane is molded by injecting resin into a preform of layers of reinforcing fibers according to the RTM method. The skins of its main vane section as well as of its root and tip via which it is connected to the flow-straightener central body and to part of the duct are laminated with a pile of at least three layers of reinforcing fibers, and complementary piles at the root and tip exhibit at least one fastening tab. The central body is made of metal or composite and the composite vanes are interchangeable, or the vanes and the central body are injection-molded as a single piece using the RTM method.

Abstract: An extrusion process is described in which a balanced cooling apparatus is incorporated. The cooling apparatus provides a coolant bath to an extruded component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved methods for the regeneration of cellulosic artificial sausage casings including the steps of immersing the regenerating casing in at least one regeneration bath including a solution of sodium sulfate and sulfuric acid, and subsequently immersing the regenerated casing in at least one finishing bath to remove impurities from the regenerated casing and further including the steps of maintaining regeneration bath at a temperature greater than 80.degree. C., sparging gas against the regenerating casing in said bath and actively cooling the regenerating casing upon withdrawal from the regeneration bath, spraying the regenerated casing with finishing solution above finishing bath and sparging gas against the regenerated casing in the finishing bath.

Abstract: A method for producing a polyolefinic film having ultraviolet stabilizers by extruding a hot molten polymer into a water quench bath for solidification of the film. An active halogen is added to the water quench bath in order to reduce the water carryover when the polyolefinic film is withdrawn from the water quench bath.

Abstract: A filter element surface is coated with particulate polyamide which serves as a filter aid to trap polyamide oligomers suspended in water. The particulate polyamide is preferably coated onto a surface of a bag filter so that polyamide oligomers flowing through the coated bag filter surface will adhere to the polyamide particles forming an oligomer cake thereon which encapsulates the polyamide particles. Momentarily equalling the pressure differential across, or reversing flow through, the coated bag filter surface (i.e., back-pulsing) will cause the oligomer cake and polyamide particles encapsulated thereby to break into relatively large-sized solid aggregate particles which may be easily recovered. Since the polyamide particles which are encapsulated by the oligomer cake are chemically compatible with one another, the entire particulate aggregate may be subjected to depolymerization processing so as to recover monomers from which the polyamide is formed (e.g., caprolactam).

Abstract: A spinning cell for producing lyocell fibre by spinning a solution of cellulose in an organic solvent through an air gap into a spin bath has nozzles to create a cross-draught through the air gap.

Abstract: A process for recovery and reuse of liquids used as solvents and diluents in a chemical reaction and/or the processing of substances, the process include the introduction of a solvent, a diluent, and a substance to be reacted and/or processed into a processing plant, feeding a used mixture of solvent, diluent and residues into a recovery plant, separating the solvent, diluent and residue resulting from the chemical reaction and/or processing of substances, recycling the solvent and diluent back to the processing plant, ejecting residues, and ejecting the treated substances. The apparatus for carrying out the process is also described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to apparatus for compounding and pelletizing of chemical foaming agents in a high melt resin carrier and producing unique, uniform encapsulated and pelletized chemical foaming concentrates. More specifically, the present invention is directed to the compounding, encapsulating and pelletizing in a high melt resin carrier a highly loaded concentration (5 to 70 wt %) of foaming agents which include an endothermic foaming agent, an exothermic foaming agent or hybrid combinations of these two such that when incorporated into a thermoplastic resin to produce a foamed product will chemically react to form carbon dioxide, nitrogen or hydrogen or mixtures thereof as the active foaming gas.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions of an amine N-oxide such as N-methyl morpholine N-oxide used in the manufacture of regenerated cellulose can be purified by passage through a strongly basic anion-exchange resin. The resin is regenerated by treatment with (1) an aqueous solution of a strong inorganic acid such as hydrochloric or sulphuric acid and (2) an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.

Abstract: Microporous hollow fiber polysulfone membranes can be prepared continuously by using a particular combination of casting solution and precipitation solution formulations, and casting conditions. The concentration of components in the precipitation solution are adjusted continuously to maintain original concentrations. The membranes are characterized by high quality, consistent performance and uniform porosity throughout the membrane.

Abstract: An apparatus for the production of a tubular thermoplastic film, and more particularly, a water bath film cooling apparatus for the rapid quenching of an extruded tubular thermoplastic film so as to enhance the speed of cooling thereof, and increase the strength of the film material. Also disclosed is a method of rapidly cooling a thermoplastic film material through the intermediary of a water bath, utilizing the inventive cooling apparatus. A predetermined internal pressure is maintained within the tube by a gaseous medium, such as air, which is slightly higher than the external pressure imparted to the film tube by the water bath, so as to enhance the speed of cooling of the film materials and increase the strength of the film by minimizing the premature crystallinity thereof upon extrusion of the film and passage through the cooling apparatus.

Abstract: Raw starch is slurried in an aqueous solution containing up to and above saturation levels of an ammonium sulfate, ammonium monobasic or dibasic phosphate, sodium sulfate or mixtures thereof. The slurry is then cooked at temperatures above about 150.degree. C. The resulting starch cook is then extruded using conventional methods into a coagulating salt bath thereby producing a starch fiber. When the starch is cooked in the presence of a salt prior to spinning in the coagulation bath, dilution of the salt in the coagulation bath is minimized, thus reducing the evaporation load.

Abstract: A skinless hollow fiber of a cellulose ester material is formed by providing an aqueous coagulation bath having a tube-in-ring jet immersed therein and extruding a spinning solution comprising at least one cellulose ester material and a solvent therefor directly into the bath through an annulus surrounding the tube of said tube-in-ring jet while simultaneously allowing a portion of the liquid in the bath to be autogenously aspirated through an opening in the tube, located below the surface of the liquid in the bath, and through the tube thereby forming a lumen in the extruded fiber and then drying the extruded fiber.

Abstract: Fibers are air-gap spun from a polymeric spinning mass comprising an aromatic polyamide (such as poly-p-phenyleneterephthalamide) by extrusion through a spinneret, passing through an air-gap, passage through a liquid (such as water), and exiting the liquid via an aperture which is variable in size. The use of such an aperture allows easier use of the equipment (especially the stringing up operation) and better fibre properties (such as tensile strength).

Abstract: An improved method for the production of polyolefin film by extruding molten film from an annular die in a tubular form into an extrusion zone is disclosed wherein physical properties are enhanced by controlling polymeric crystalline growth. The method includes providing a liquid quench medium maintained at a constant temperature range in the extrusion zone immediately adjacent the annular die, extruding the molten film directly into the liquid quench medium, and then orienting the quenched film in a tubular bubble whereby the size and amount of crystalline growth is controlled.

Abstract: A feeder for the production of glass filaments is provided with dripless and non-dripless fields of stream defining orifices to, in part, have the advantages of dripless as well as non-dripless type feeders.

Abstract: A glass fiber attenuation apparatus and process wherein molten glass is supplied from a molten glass body to an orifice plate at substantially atmospheric pressure to prevent molten glass flow through an orifice at which attenuation has ceased, thus permitting continuation of the attenuation process despite breakouts at individual orifices. The preferred embodiment of the method includes the steps of cooling the orifice plate undersurface to a non-wetting temperature and delivering molten glass to the orifice plate at a pressure less than the internal, surface tension-generated pressure of any bead formed on the undersurface of the orifice plate upon attenuation cessation at that orifice.

Abstract: An elongated plastic track for use in a gravity feed display is extruded from a mixture of high impact polystyrene and dimethylpolysiloxane.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing a microporous sheet by forming a blend of a polyolefin, silica and a water insoluble plasticizer, forming a sheet from the blend, and contacting the sheet with water for a time sufficient to render the sheet microporous. The plasticizer, being essentially insoluble in water, is easily separated therefrom and recycled. The preferred plasticizers are dialkyl phthalates and dialkyl adipates having between about two and about eleven carbon atoms in the oxo-alcohol moiety.

Abstract: In an apparatus for producing glass fibers wherein an orifice plate formed with a greater number of orifice holes in high density is provided to draw glass fibers therethrough and air nozzle means is provided for impinging air flow against the undersurface of the orifice plate so that the adjacent cones of molten glass formed on the undersurface of the orifice plate may be prevented from coalescing to each other, an air nozzle assembly is provided which includes a plurality of tubular nozzles arranged in such a way that their discharge ports may be arranged in line and in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the array of orifice holes in the orifice plate and spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance.

Abstract: A process for producing wholly aromatic polyamide fibers by extruding a spinning solution of a wholly aromatic polyamide in an amide solvent into an aqueous coagulating bath containing inorganic salts, said process comprising feeding an aqueous coagulating liquid containing calcium chloride and having an amide solvent concentration of not more than 3% by weight to the vicinity of a spinneret, flowing the coagulating liquid in said bath at an average velocity not more than 0.1 time the velocity of yarn take-up in the yarn advancing direction, discharging the coagulating liquid having an amide solvent concentration of not less than 4% by weight from said bath, treating the coagulating bath with an organic solvent consisting substantially of methylene chloride, and extracting and recovering the amide solvent from the coagulating liquid.