Abstract: More uniform and more rapid quenching and coagulation of filaments is achieved by contacting the filaments in a chamber with coagulating liquid and generating pressure fluctuations in the liquid at high frequency sonic or ultrasonic frequencies.

Abstract: A process for producing a polypropylene resin sheet or film by introducing a polypropylene resin in a film form, which has been extruded from a T-die in a molten state, into a slit through which cooling water is flowing, passing the polypropylene resin film between nip rolls, and pressing the obtained sheet or film from both sides thereof under a pressure of at least 5 kg/cm.sup.2, while heating at a temperature of 155.degree. to 160.degree. C., by the use of a metal belt having a surface roughness of not more than 0.1 .mu.m. The process produces a sheet or film of a polypropylene resin which is unstretched and is excellent in transparency, surface gloss and heat moldability.

Abstract: Microporous hollow fiber polysulfone membranes can be prepared continuously by using a particular combination of casting solution and precipitation solution formulations, and casting conditions. The concentration of components in the precipitation solution are adjusted continuously to maintain original concentrations. The membranes are characterized by high quality, consistent performance and uniform porosity throughout the membrane.

Abstract: A method for producing para-aramid pulp includes forming a liquid, actively-polymerizing solution and subjecting the solution to orienting flow which produces an optically anisotropic liquid solution with polymer chains oriented in the direction of the flow. When the solution has a viscosity sufficient to maintain the orientation of the polymer chains, the solution is incubated until it gels. The gel is cut transversely at intervals and para-aramid pulp is isolated from the gel. Para-aramid pulp produced by the process can be used similarly to pulp produced from spun fiber.

Abstract: A system for producing a drawn yarn having a durable mechanical and thermal stability in practical use from a fiber-forming polymer by means of a single continuous process is disclosed. A yarn extruded from a spinneret is first introduced into a liquid bath for cooling and subsequently to a hot chamber filled with a pressurized steam for heat-treatment, in which the yarn is drawn against a resistance caused by the liquid bath. The vessel of the liquid bath is provided with a yarn exit path adapted to allow the passage of the yarn but inhibit the leakage of the liquid and to remove a concomitant liquid from the yarn. The hot chamber is provided with inlet and outlet paths for the yarn also adapted to allow the passage of the yarn but inhibit the leakage of the steam. The system is suitable for producing for industrial use a yarn composed of thicker individual filaments.

Abstract: A method of extracting a material from a continuous running length of fiber comprising continuously moving the fiber through a conduit while simultaneously flowing a solvent for the material through the conduit with the conduit having a length and cross sectional area sufficient to facilitate extraction of the desired amount of the material. The flow is countercurrent to the movement of the fiber.

Abstract: A process for spinning high-strength high-modulus, aromatic polyamide filaments is disclosed in which an acid solution containing at least 30 g per 100 ml acid of aromatic polyamide having an inherent viscosity of at least 4 and chain-extending bonds which are either coaxial or parallel and oppositely directed is extruded through a layer of inert noncoagulating fluid into a coagulating bath and then through a spin tube along with overflowing coagulating liquid. Additional coagulating liquid is jetted symmetrically about the filaments in a downward direction forming an angle of 0.degree. C. to 85.degree. with respect to the filaments within about 2.0 milliseconds from the time the filaments enter the spin tube. The flow rates of the jetted and the overflowing coagulating liquids are maintained constant. In the process, the mass-flow ratio, i.e.

Abstract: Process for preparing subdenier fiber and structures thereof from lyotropic liquid crystalline polymers comprising extruding a stream of the polymer into a chamber, introducing a pressurized gas into the chamber, directing the gas in the flow direction of and in surrounding contact with the stream within the chamber, passing both the gas and the stream into a zoner of lower pressure at a velocity sufficient to attenuate the stream and fragment it into fibers, and contacting the fragmented stream in the zone with a coagulating fluid.

Abstract: In this mat consisting of filament loop aggregations, irregular form loops are formed in the upright direction by respectively winding to be coil-like many filaments coarse in the arranging intervals and made of a thermoplastic synthetic resin and are fused in the intersecting parts and the other loops are formed in the laterally fallen direction and are fused in the overlapping parts.

Abstract: Reduced-size granulation chamber for extruders of materials such as plastics, constituted by a rotating drum wherein the cooling water remains adherent to the walls due to the centrifugal force and which has openings for the exit of the water and of the granules and is inserted in a basket which is in turn inserted in a container, both being fixed and separating the water from the granules, the granules being thrust by inclined fins arranged outside the drum in the chamber defined between the drum and the basket while the water falls by gravity into the second chamber defined between the basket and the fixed chamber.

Abstract: A process for producing polyester fibers having excellent tensile properties, particularly suitable as reinforcement material for tires, belts, etc., involves melt-spinning an ethylene terephthalate polyester to form highly oriented low crystalline polyester filaments which, at the state of being taken-up and prior to being drawn, having birefringence (.DELTA.n) and specific gravity (SG) within the below indicated ranges (a) and (b), and then, without winding-up, subjecting the said filaments immediately to drawing and heat treatment between the first godet rolls and second godet rolls under a draw ratio (DR) defined by the following formulas:.DELTA.n.gtoreq.5SG-6.64 (a).DELTA.n.gtoreq.0.100 (b)2.0.gtoreq.DR>1.

Abstract: A method of producing a mat consisting of filament loop aggregations. The first step is that of forming a first filament loop aggregation low in the filament density wherein many filaments are made. These by extruding a thermoplastic synthetic resin out of a T-die and arranging the resin longitudinally and laterally at intervals for continuous molding. The resin is deposited on a boiling water surface. The filament temperature is maintained close to the temperature at the time of molding by heating while the filament bundle is vertically lowered toward a cooling water surface and is sunk into water in the vertical direction.

Abstract: A method for coagulation of a polymer latex by feeding the polymer latex to an extruder having a base plate and a plurality of fine tubes fixed to said base plate and extending therefrom, said fine tubes being mutually spaced by at least 1 mm and protruding from said base plate by at least 3 mm, and discharging said polymer latex through said fine tubes into a coagulation solution to coagulate the latex.

Abstract: Coagulating a warp of filaments from a linear spinneret by delivering a transparent, jetted sheet of coagulating liquid equally and uniformly along each side of the warp.

Abstract: A process for preparing aromatic polyamide fibers wherein an aromatic diamine and an aromatic diacidchloride are dissolved in an amide polymerization solvent containing an inorganic salt, a partial polymerization is effected at a low temperature to form an optically anisotropic liquid crystalline prepolymer dope, and the liquid crystalline prepolymer dope is subjected to a molecular orientating polymerization in a polymerization accelerating-precipitation solvent to provide aromatic polyamide fibers free of a crystal defect layer perpendicular to the fiber axis and having high strength and high degree of molecular orientation.

Abstract: Process for producing high-strength, aromatic polyamide filaments by delivering substantially uniform amounts of a spinning solution to a plurality of apertures in a spinneret plate, extruding the solution downwardly in a single vertical warp through a noncoagulating fluid and into a gravity-accelerated and free-falling coagulating fluid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of producing sheets from thermoplastic resins and a screw used therefor. The resin extruder includes a cylinder and the screw. The resin is passed through a feeding section, a compressing section, a metering section, a mixing section, a shearing section and a stress relaxing section, which are successively positioned from a resin feeding side to a resin extruding side, and a molten film-shaped resin is extruded, and this film-shaped resin is passed in a co-current direction with cooling water and is cooled.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of producing a thermoplastic resin sheet and equipment therefore. The equipment includes a first extruder of a high kneading type, a second extruder of a low kneading type and an extrusion die. A film-shaped resin extruded from the extrusion die is cooled by a cooling device, to thereby obtain the resin sheet. Additionally, a difference between pressures at the outlets of the first and second extruders is detected, and, in response to this difference between the pressures thus detected, the operating conditions of the first extruder are automatically controlled.

Abstract: Raw starch is slurried in an aqueous solution containing up to and above saturation levels of an ammonium sulfate, ammonium monobasic or dibasic phosphate, sodium sulfate or mixtures thereof. The slurry is then cooked at temperatures above about 150.degree. C. The resulting starch cook is then extruded using conventional methods into a coagulating salt bath thereby producing a starch fiber. When the starch is cooked in the presence of a salt prior to spinning in the coagulation bath, dilution of the salt in the coagulation bath is minimized, thus reducing the evaporation load.

Abstract: A cooling device for plastic granulate which is formed by cutting plastic strands emerging from a nozzle plate of an extruder and is fed to a stream of cooling water which adjoins the nozzle plate in the region of a cutting device. A pipe conducts the stream of cooling water containing the granulate to a granulate-water separator. In order to obtain a well-defined, infinitely adjustable dwell time of the granulate in the stream of cooling water, the pipe is essentially developed as a vertically arranged riser having a larger cross section passage area than that of the pipe itself. The upper outlet end of the riser is connected to the suction side of a feed pump, which serves as a section pump, and to a suction pipe which has an end connected to ambient atmosphere. A regulating valve is connected in the suction pipe. The delivery side of the feed pump communicates with the granulate-water separator.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide fibers according to the wet spinning method comprising passing an optically anisotropic solution of a poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide type polymer through a non-coagulating fluid layer and guiding the solution to a coagulating bath, characterized in that (a) filaments are taken out together with a stream of a coagulating solution from fine tube or fine hole arranged in the lower portion of the coagulating bath and the filaments are travelled through a second fine tube or fine hole arranged below said fine tube or fine hole through a space, and (b) in the fine tube or fine hole arranged in the lower portion of the coagulating bath, the stream of the coagulating solution flowing out together with the filaments is accelerated and in the second fine tube or fine hole, the speed of the stream of coagulating solution accompanying the filaments is decreased.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the preparation of a sheet of a crystalline thermoplastic resin, e.g. polypropylene, having excellent transparency and surface properties as well as thermoformability. The inventive method comprises quenching of a molten resin sheet extruded out of a T-die by introducing the same into a slit where cooling water is flowing at a velocity higher than the running velocity of the extruded molten resin sheet and then stretching the thus quenched resin sheet in a stretch ratio in the range from 1.02 to 1.5 times.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an amalgam for sealing in a fluorescent lamp consisting of tin, lead, bismuth, indium and mercury is disclosed. In this method, the amalgam is first melted and then discharged through a nozzle to be contacted with a coolant. A fluorescent lamp containing the amalgam manufactured by the above method is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of producing in-line dyed fibers, in a gel state, characterized in that it essentially consists of extruding the spinning dope in a coagulum bath, stretching the resulting filaments, scrubbing said filaments to remove residual solvent, passing the resulting filament tow through a dyeing bath at an overall rate in excess of 4 cm.sup.3 bath per second per square centimeter of tow surface area. The overall rate, being preferably in the 4 to 10 cm.sup.3 /sec per cm.sup.2 range, is achieved by means of crossflows to the forward advance direction of said tow, and alternately directed to and from said tow, the tow residence time in the dyeing bath being no longer than 5 seconds. The tow is then subjected to a dye fixing heat treatment, and is then scrubbed, finished, and dried. The method is particularly suitable for use with substantially acrylic and modacrylic fibers.

Abstract: A method of producing a thermoplastic sheet or film characterized in that a molten thermoplastic resin sheet extruded through a T-die is cooled by introducing it into a multi-stage slit in which a cooling water is flowing. The water level in the first slit of the multi-stage slit is maintained at as low a level as possible. The method produces various advantages over conventional methods; for example, the sheet or film is free from unevenness in thickness, wrinkles, and curls, and is of high uniformity, and the sheet or film can be formed by high-speed molding of at least 10 m/min. The sheet or film is suitable for use in wrapping of, for example, foods and medicines.

Abstract: A process for collecting continuous polymer filaments centrifugally ejected from the spinning nozzles of a spinning head rotating at a high velocity is provided wherein the ejected filaments are caught by the surface of an annular form, flowing down liquid or by an annular wall surface wetted by a liquid flowing down thereon, spaced apart from and surrounding the spinning head and concentrically opposed to the head; then moved downwards from the location where the filaments are caught, by the flowing down liquid and if necessary, together with two or more guides; and dropped on a belt moving below the spinning head in the lateral direction and taken up in the form of multifilaments or dropped on the belt in the form of an ellipse long in the width direction of the belt and after adhering selvage materials to both the side end parts of the filaments, taken up in the form of a weft web of the ejected filaments.

Abstract: A molten thermoplastic resin is extruded in the form of a double-layer cylindrical hollow film with the two film layers being interconnected with each other by a number of spaced legs and is then immediately passed through an annular gap defined by annular side walls of inner and outer vessels in such a manner that the two film layers are in contact with the respective side walls defining the gap. Coolant is supplied to the inner and outer vessels and overflows above the side walls to bring the coolant into contact with the resin. The level of the coolant overflowing above both side walls is adjusted to be equal and also to have a liquid pressure on the extruded resin balanced with a gas pressure supplied in between the two film layers and the legs of the extruded resin.

Abstract: Helical plastic members are formed by rotating an extrusion die while extruding a filament in a generally horizontal direction just above a tank of liquid. The plastic helix so formed is cooled and solidified in the liquid. A mandrel in the liquid can be used to guide the helix downwardly, and the helix is removed from the tank with extraction rollers. As a variation, the tank can rotate relative to a fixed extrusion nozzle which extrudes the plastic horizontally just above the rotating liquid in the tank.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are described for extruding filaments of thermoplastic material, particularly polypropylene, by liquid quench melt spinning in which a baffle arrangement is disposed in the quench liquid around the location where the filaments enter to reduce turbulence, vortexing, and liquid level variation. The baffle arrangement forms an opentopped box-like structure with two quench liquid inlet apertures and one quench liquid outlet aperture. Yarn guides are disposed inside this structure and the filaments, after solidifying, pass around the yarn guides and then upwards, at an angle of about 30 degrees to the horizontal, through the quench liquid outlet aperture. The passage of the filaments creates a pumping action of the quench liquid in through the two inlet apertures and out through the outlet aperture. The area of the outlet aperture is less than the sum of the areas of the inlet apertures, to create an inefficient pump.

Abstract: A quenching system for extrudates e.g. extruded laces consists of an inclined open ended trough along which water flows at a rate greater than the rate of extrusion to the laces. The laces may be fed to a lace-cutter either before or after being dried. The system may be arranged as a self-threading system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the production of rayon and for the continuous processing of filaments is disclosed. Filament threads are formed in a spinning column in which they are completely regenerated and stretched by the action of a constant temperature coagulating solution. The total length of the spinning column considerably exceeds the length of the column portion in which the rayon yarns are formed. The coagulating solution, after the formation of the rayon yarns, flows at a speed less than that of the threads at the column outlet eliminating an entire zone to the treatment of spun threads with strong high-temperature solution, heretofore necessary for complete regeneration of the threads.

Abstract: An acrylonitrile polymer film is produced by the steps of:Extruding an acrylonitrile polymer solution in a tubular shape into a coagulation liquid bath while a coagulation liquid is introduced into and withdrawn from the inside of the extruded tubular-shaped film;Removing the solvent remaining in the coagulated tubular film, and;Biaxially stretching the tubular film containing 5 to 23% by weight of water based on the dry weight, at a temperature of 100.degree.-170.degree. C. at least twice its original length both in the longitudinal and transverse directions by a tubular stretching procedure.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing fibrous materials by wet method. Fibrous materials with excellent properties can be obtained by feeding the starting solution to the interface area of two phases of the coagulation bath.

Abstract: Cooling a tubular extrudate for conversion to tubular film by passing the extrudate through a bath of cooling liquid so that the external surface of the extrudate contacts in sequence countercurrent streams of cooling liquid in a quiescent zone, a restricted throttle zone and a spiral flow zone.

Abstract: Process for cooling a freshly extruded, incompletely solidified foil of a thermoplastic polymer by extruding said foil into a liquid cooling bath and directing against said foil below the bath surface along a line extending the entire width of said foil at least one narrow, unbroken stream of cooling liquid. The stream(s) respectively are directed angularly against a side of said foil at right angles thereto or in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of said foil into said bath, i.e., at an angle between 0.degree. and 60.degree. relative to a plane which is normal to said foil. The apparatus embodies an extrusion nozzle for extruding the foil downwardly into a body of cooling liquid in a tank directly below said nozzle. One or more tubes are normally immersed in said body of liquid and extend longitudinally parallel to and in juxtaposition to the foil entering said body of cooling liquid and also parallel to the upper surface of the cooling liquid.

Abstract: The salt content of neutralized aromatic polyamide fibers spun from an acid solution downwardly into a spin tube containing the fibers and a coagulating liquid is reduced when a gas is injected into the spin tube 0.25 to 20 cm. downstream from the entrance of the spin tube.

Abstract: A process is described for the isolation, in a solid state, of polyimides particularly those prepared by interaction of a polyisocyanate and a polycarboxylic anhydride in an organic solvent. A solution of the polyimide is passed into water preferably in the form of droplets or as extruded thin strands. The droplets or strands can be chopped, ground or otherwise comminuted after solidification. The process is particularly applicable to the isolation of solvent-soluble polyimides prepared by reaction of benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride with a mixture of methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) and toluene diisocyanate.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for reducing molten thermoplastic material to substantially uniform shaped particles for storage, further handling, and use includes an elongated inclined liquid channel or flume for flow of a stream of cooling liquid and a material supply device operative to continuously direct a plurality of laterally spaced thin strips or ribbons of molten thermoplastic material into the stream of cooling liquid to be partially cooled thereby and a drum having a plurality of blade members for forming longitudinally spaced areas of reduced thickness in each of the strips or ribbons of material whereby the strips or ribbons of material break at the reduced thickness areas immediately or upon same becoming brittle by further cooling to a point that the particles are non-fusing with the strips or ribbons of thermoplastic material being supported during engagement thereof by the blade members.