Abstract: A process for producing a high modulus, high tenacity polyethylene terephthalate filament which comprises (1) spinning a solution of polyethylene terephthalate in an organic solvent through a die to produce a solution spun filament, wherein the polyethylene terephthalate has an intrinsic viscosity of at least about 1.0 dl/g and wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of (a) hexafluoroisopropanol, (b) trifluoroacetic acid, (c) mixed solvent systems containing from about 20 weight percent to about 99 weight percent hexafluoroisopropanol and from about 1 weight percent to about 80 weight percent dichloromethane, and (d) mixed solvent systems containing from about 20 weight percent to about 99 weight percent trifluoroacetic acid and from about 1 to about 80 weight percent dichloromethane; and (2) subsequently drawing the solution spun filament to a total draw ratio of at least about 7:1 to product the high modulus, high tenacity polyethylene terephthalate filament.

Abstract: An improved dry spinning process for the production of polyurethane elastomer threads using superheated steam as the spinning medium, comprising(1) spinning polyurethane-urea elastomers prepared by chain lengthening of NCO prepolymers with diamine from a solution containing dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide via a hot spinneret having a nozzle at not less than 100.degree. C. and at a spinning solution temperature in the nozzle of not less than 100.degree. C. into a heated spinning chimney at a chimney wall temperature of not less than 160.degree. C., while(2) introducing superheated steam into the spinning chimney at a temperature above 250.degree. C. as the spinning medium in an amount of at least 20 kg/h, if the chimney diameter is less than or equal to 28 cm, or if the chimney diameter is greater than 28 cm, in an amount of at least 20 kg/h increased by up to a factor H, wherein factor H is equal to the chimney cross-section/615 cm.sup.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of thermoplastic fibers which comprises:(a) spinning a solution of an alternating copolymer of an olefinically unsaturated compound and carbon monoxide, having a number average molecular weight of at least 5000, to fibers through a spinning aperture, said solution having a polymer content in the range of from 0.1-50% m(b) submitting the thus obtained fibers to a solvent-removal treatment to remove substantially all the solvent, and(c) stretching the thus obtained substantially solvent-free fibers in an environment having a temperature between the glass-transition temperature of said polymer and (T+20).degree. C., when T is the crystalline melting point of the polymer.

Abstract: A process to detect the loss of a continuous spun web of plexifilament fibers exiting a forwarding apparatus depends on the manner in which the filament oscillate in a cross machine direction prior to depositing onto a collecting surface. The loss of these fibers, due to hang up in the filament forwarding device, can cause multiple position spinning machine loss due to the knock down of nearby spinning positions or wrap the sheet on forwarding rolls. The hang up in the forwarding device is referred to as a blow-up. This process detects the instant a blow-up occurs through the loss of electrostatic charge due to the absence of the oscillating swath at the sensor. When the instant charge is lost at the sensor, a signal indicates a blow-up has occurred.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for the production of an article comprising a polymer itself comprising poly(phenylene sulfide), which process comprises:A. contacting poly(phenylene sulfide) with at least one organic compound, consisting essentially of carbon and hydrogen, and optionally oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, halogen, or mixtures thereof, having a molecular weight of between about 110 and 450 daltons and having at least one six membered aromatic ring structure, which compound is stable at a temperature of between 160.degree. and 400.degree. C. at ambient pressure, at a temperature of between about 160.degree. and 400.degree. C. at ambient pressure for a time effective to dissolve greater than 10 percent by weight of the poly(phenylene sulfide) present, with the proviso that when oxygen is present, the organic compound is not diphenyl oxide or substituted diphenyl oxide;B. forming the solution of poly(phenylene sulfide) and solvent of Step (A) into a desired article configuration;C.

Abstract: An improved process for flash-spinning plexifilamentary film-fibril strands from fiber-forming polyolefins is provided. A polyolefin is mixed to form a solution of 18 to 33 percent polyolefin by weight of the solution, 42 to 73 perceny methylene chloride by weight of the solution and 9 to 25 percent carbon dioxide by weight of the solution. The mixture is then flash-spun into substantially dry plexifilamentary strands.

Abstract: An improved process for flash-spinning polyethylene plexifilamentary film-fibril strands is provided. The strand is flash-spun from a non-chlorofluorocarbon mixture of polyethylene, an organic solvent and water.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for flash-spinning plexifilamentary film-fibril strands of polyethylene. A portion of the conventionally used trichlorofluoromethane ("F-11") is replaced with at least one isomer of dichlorotrifluoroethane to reduce the ozone depletion hazard.

Abstract: An improved process for flash-spinning plexifilamentary film-fibril strands is provided. A 5 to 30 and preferably 10 to 20 percent solution of polymer, preferably linear polyethylene, is formed in a spin fluid that consists essentially of 50 to 90 weight percent methylene chloride and 10 to 50 percent of a halocarbon, which preferably is chlorodifluoromethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-chloroethane or 1,1-difluoro-1-chloroethane. The solution is then flash-spun to form high quality plexifilamentary strands. The process avoids the use of halocarbon solvents that could be ozone-depletion hazards.

Abstract: A method to prepare high strength high modulus polyolefin shaped articles comprising forming a heated solution of the polyolefin from particles of which about 75 to 100% by weight have a particle size of from about 100 to about 400 microns and having a weight average molecular weight of from about 300,000 to 7,000,000, then shaping the heated soltion then cooling the shaped solution. To further increase the strength of the article it can be stretched.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing high tenacity, high modulus, para-aramid fibers by application of cyclic tensioning forces to such fibers in the newly-spun, wet, state before they have been dried.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for flash-spinning plexifilamentary film-fibril strands of fiber-forming polyolefin from a small group halocarbon liquids that, if released to the atmosphere, present a greatly reduced ozone depletion hazard, as compared to the halocarbon currently-used commercially for making the strands. The preferred halocarbon for this purpose is 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane.

Abstract: A process for making oriented, shaped articles of para-aramid/thermally-consolidatable polymer blends by orienting spinnable dopes containing 10 to 25% by weight fiber-forming polymers being at least about 55% and less than about 80% para-aramid and at least about 20% and less than about 45% thermally consolidatable polymer in a common solvent and removing the solvent.

Abstract: A process for producing a gel fiber comprises a step (N) of spinning a solution containing at least one polymer having at least one monomer unit as a constituent component for a gel to solidify the solution into a fiber, and step (M) of effecting crosslinking of the fiber to form a gel which can be swelled or shrunk reversibly by a thermal action in the presence of a liquid.

Abstract: An improved spinneret for use in dry spinning spandex filaments has coaxial inner and outer rings of grouped orifices. The number of grouped orifices in each ring is equal. Each group of orifices is radially equally spaced from the next preceding or next succeeding orifice group. The spinneret provides spandex yarns with improved decitex uniformity.

Abstract: A elastic fibers are formed from spandex polymer that is prepared by reacting a glycol prepared from a tetrahydrofuran/3-methyltetrahydrofuran copolymer with a diisocyanate and then chain extending the thusly capped glycol with a particular mixture of diamines. The fibers have a highly desirable combination of power, hot-wet creep and heat-set efficiency and can be prepared at high spinning and windup speeds.

Abstract: A process for making oriented, shaped articles of lyotropic polysaccharide/thermally-consolidatable polymer blends by orienting spinnable dopes containing fiber-forming polymers being at least about 55% and less than about 80% lyotropic polysaccharide and at least about 20 percent and less than about 45% thermally-consolidatable polymer and removing the solvent.

Abstract: Film or fibre is made from a polymer of water soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomeric material that includes ionic monomer by extrusion and stretching, and a counterionic lubricant compound is absorbed into the surface of the fibre or film before or during the stretching. The counterionic lubricant compound is also of use for providing a lubricated film on other extruded or comminuted elements of water swellable or water soluble polymeric material.

Abstract: Preceramic fibers are produced by dissolving a solid organosilicon preceramic polymer in a solvent to form a spinning solution containing at least seventy percent polymer solids, dry spinning and extracting solvent in the presence of a non-oxidizing gas at a temperature and pressure sufficient to vaporize solvent from the fiber, and at least one curing agent being added to the non-oxidizing gas or spinning solution, or both, to induce on-line curing of the fiber or to aid in subsequent curing of the fiber or both. The preceramic fibers are thereafter pyrolyzed to ceramic form.

Abstract: A process for producing polyethylene materials in which ultrahigh molecular polyethylene is molded by compression, extrusion or rolling and stretching in a solid phase and at specified temperatures. The polymer is formed by a selected multi-stage polymerization with the use of a composite catalyst of specified compositions. Fibers or films are obtained with improved strength and modulus qualities.

Abstract: A dope for forming membranes and the resulting asymmetric gas separation membranes are disclosed, the membranes having graded density skins which exhibit improved permeability characteristics and increased failure pressure strength. The membranes are produced from a process utilizing membrane forming dopes of complexing solvent systems formulated from two non-solvents and one or more solvents. The non-solvents are chosen one each, from non-solvents grouped according to non-solvent strength, i.e., one strong non-solvent and one weak non-solvent which are combined with one or more solvents in an acid:base complex solvent system for dissolving high weight percent total solids of membrane forming polymers. The process for forming the membranes is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing high modulus, high tenacity fibers of aromatic polyamide wherein a first constant tension within 40-95% of the fiber breaking load is applied to washed fibers at a temperature of less than 50.degree. C. for a duration of greater than 5 seconds, and drying the fibers at a second constant tension which is from 10-100% of the first constant tension and at a temperature of more than the temperature of the first constant tension and less than 350.degree. C. until the fibers have a moisture content of about 2 to 10%.

Abstract: A metallizable, sealable, biaxially stretch-oriented multi-ply film comprises a base layer essentially of polypropylene, a first polyolefinic facing layer and a second polyolefinic facing layer. All of the layers contain a neutralizing agent and a stabilizer against thermal degradation. The neutralizing agent is a calcium carbonate having an absolute particle size of less than 10.0 .mu.m, a mean particle size of less than 0.1 .mu.m, a specific surface area of more than 40 m.sup.2 /g and a whiteness of more than 90% and, the stabilizer comprises a phenolic stabilizer having a molecular weight of more than 1,000 g/mol. One polyolefinic facing layer contains an anti-blocking agent. In addition, a process for producing the metallizable multi-ply film is described, and its use as a packaging material is indicated.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a membrane comprising bisphenol-based polycabonate wherein at least 25 percent by weight of the bisphenol moieties are tetrahalogenated wherein the halogen is Cl or Br, and the membrane prepared by such process.

Abstract: A device to detect the loss of a continuous spun web of plexifilament fibers exiting a forwarding apparatus depends on the manner in which the filaments oscillate in a cross machine direction prior to depositing onto a collecting surface. The loss of these fibers, due to hang up in the filament forwarding device, can cause multiple position spinning machine loss due to the knock down of nearby spinning positions or wrap the sheet on forwarding rolls. The hang up in the forwarding device is referred to as a blow-up. This invention detects the instant a blow-up occurs through the loss of electrostatic charge due to the absence of the oscillating swath at the sensor. When the instant charge is lost at the sensor, a signal indicates a blow-up has occurred.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the treatment of surfaces of highly oriented polyolefin objects, obtained by converting a solution or melt of a linear polyolefin with a weight average molecular weight of at least 400.000 g/mol, at a temperature above the dissolution temperature, respectively above the melting temperature, into a shaped object, converting this object into a gel-object by cooling, and stretching the gel-object at elevated temperature optionally after full or partial removal of the solvent, in which the surface of the object is contacted with a solution of a radical-forming compound and that the object is then exposed to a temperature of at least 30.degree. C. for at least 1 minute.

Abstract: A process for the production of polyester polyurethane elastomeric fibers having improved humid aging resistance which comprises the steps of reacting a polyester diol with an excess molar amount of an organic diisocyanate to prepare a urethane prepolymer having terminal isocyanate group at both ends thereof; extending the chain of the prepolymer with a bifunctional active hydrogen compound and 0.5 to 10.0 mole % of a diaminosilyl compound based on the total amount of the bifunctional active hydrogen compound during or after preparation of the prepolymer to obtain a polyurethane; spinning the polyurethane into fiber; and crosslinking the polyurethane during or after spinning.

Abstract: Filaments are produced from polymers having an inherent viscosity of at least 0.7 measured in concentrated sulfuric acid and containing in the polymer chain at least 50 percent of the repeating units. ##STR1## by melting the polymer and heating the melt to a temperature of from about 20.degree. C. to about 80.degree. C. above the melting point of the polymer, passing the melt through a filter pack having a filtering area of at least about 8 in.sup.2 and a total volume of at least about 1.2 in.sup.3 per pound of polymer extruded per hour, and containing inert, irregularly shaped particles having a mesh size of about 25 to 140 to provide a pressure drop at least about 800 psig., and extruding the melt through spinning openings of desired shape to form filaments. The process is capable of producing fibers and yarns having a dpf of about 15 to 100, a tenacity of about 1 to 2 grams per denier, an elongation at break of about 50 to 160 percent and a modulus of about 20 to 30 grams per denier.

Abstract: Acrylic fibers with high physical properties particularly suitable as material for cement reinforcement are provided by spinning a spinning solution of an acrylonitrile polymer at a particular linear velocity ratio of extrusion, thereby forming gel fibers; regulating the internal water content of the gel fibers, subjecting the fibers to dry-heat treatment under tension or dry-heat stretching under a particular temperature condition; and cooling the fibers under tension.

Abstract: The adhesion of highly oriented polyolefin objects, in particular polyethylene filaments, to e.g. polar, polymer matrices is improved by contacting the surface of the object with a solvent for 0.5-2 minutes at a temperature above the dissolution temperature of the polyolefin.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of highly stretchable high-molecular weight polyolefin gel articles and polyolefin gel articles prepared therefrom having combined high tensile strength and high modulus, wherein an initial shaped article of the polyolefin is exposed to or contacted with a swelling agent to form an intermediate swollen article, which is then converted to the gel state and then subsequently subjected to stretching at up to relatively high draw ratios.

Abstract: Method of preparing a new synthetic surgical filament material by spinning a mixture of a polyester and an additive.

Abstract: A process for forming high free volume, asymmetric gas separation membranes having graded density skins and macrovoid-free morphology from a solvent system comprising a Lewis acid, Lewis base, and a Lewis acid:base complex which dissolve hydrophobic polymers. The dopes have high total solids, high viscosity and low coagulation (g) values which enhance rapid gelation without the formation of macrovoids and which minimize densification. The dope solvent system complexes are readily disassociated by the coagulation medium and the component molecules are miscible in the medium which provides for rapid desolvation of the formed membrane thus providing a membrane having low residual solvent retention.

Abstract: A shaped and drawn aromatic imide polymer article, for example, a film or filament, is produced by shaping an aromatic polyamic acid solution containing an imidizing agent in a polar organic solvent while simultaneously imidizing a portion of the aromatic polyamic acid to an extent such that the resultant self-supporting precursory article contains 20% to 87% by weight of a volatile substance and has a tensile strength of at least 1.5 kg/mm.sup.2 and an ultimate elongation of at least 30%, by drawing the precursory article at a draw ratio of 1.3 or more and by heat-treating the drawn article at a temperature of 150.degree. C. or more.

Abstract: Novel polysiloxazanes comprising [(SiH.sub.2).sub.n NH] and [(SiH.sub.2).sub.m O] as the main repeating units are provided. The polysiloxazanes are produced by reacting a dihalosilane or an adduct thereof with a Lewis base, with ammonia and water vapor or oxygen. From the polysiloxazane, novel silicon oxynitride shapes can be produced and the silicon oxynitride shapes are essentially composed of silicon, nitride (5 mol % or more) and oxygen (5 mol % or more).

Abstract: Water absorbent, water insoluble, cross linked polymer fibre or film can be made by dry extrusion of a solution of a substantially linear polymer formed from a water soluble blend of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising a plasticizing monomer, evaporating the solvent and forming polymeric fibre or film plasticized by an external plasticizer, stretching the fibre or film while the external plasticizer remains in the fibre or film, and then cross linking the polymer.

Abstract: Poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide) yarn of improved fatigue resistance is prepared by spinning the polymer in sulfuric acid through an air gap into an aqueous coagulating bath to produce a coagulated yarn, maintaining the coagulating bath at a temperature of at least 20.degree. C., washing and neutralizing the yarn while it is under a tension of from 0.2 to 0.4 grams per denier, and drying the yarn at a temperature below 200.degree. C. while it is maintained under a tension of 0.05 to 0.2 grams per denier.

Abstract: Filaments are produced from polymers having an inherent viscosity of at least 0.7 measured in concentrated sulfuric acid and containing in the polmer chain at least 50 percent of the repeating units. ##STR1## by melting the polymer and heating the melt to a temperature of from about 20.degree. C. to about 80.degree. C. above the melting point of the polymer, passing the melt through a filter pack having a filtering area of at least about 8 in.sup.2 and a total volume of at least about 1.2 in.sup.3 per pound of polymer extruded per hour, and containing inert, irregularly shaped particles having a mesh size of about 25 to 140 to provide a pressure drop at least about 800 psig., and extruding the melt through spinning openings of desired shape to form filaments. The process is capable of producing fibers and yarns having a dpf of about 15 to 100, a tenacity of about 1 to 2 grams per denier, an elongation at break of about 50 to 160 percent and a modulus of about 20 to 30 grams per denier.

Abstract: Thread bundles which are transported from top to bottom, can be wetted with liquids by means of a device consisting of a system releasing the liquid, conduits and a storage container as well as suitable transporting means for the liquid, whereby the system releasing the liquid has at least two slotted nozzles positioned one above the other and opposite each other, having a horizontal slot and whereby rods are attached at the slot ends which, seen from above, form an angle with the slot of from 100 to 170.degree., preferably from 115 to 160.degree..

Abstract: Methods for fabricating low dimensionally electroconductive articles comprising cofacially stacking organomacrocycles and as cofacially stacking phthalocyanines, in which a composition comprising a cofacially stacking phthalocyanine in strong Bronsted acid is formed into a desired shape such as a fiber or film, solidified by removal of the solvent, and provided in fractional valence state.

Abstract: Processes for producing semipermeable membranes in the form of hollow fibers are disclosed including extruding a solution of a block copolymer including at least one hydrophilic polymer and at least one hydrophobic polymer while simultaneously injecting a gaseous or vaporous center medium into the center bore of the hollow fiber extrudate, including coagulating the extrudate so formed therefrom. The preferred process includes using air or the components of air as the center medium and employing a polyethyleneoxide-polycarbonate block copolymer to form the hollow fiber membranes.

Abstract: Polyurethanes are provided which have a polymeric backbone including recurring urethane or urea groups or both and which are reaction products including macroglycols, diisocyanates, and preferably chain extending agents. The polyurethanes may take the form of poly(fluorosilicone urethanes) and include recurring organosilicone moieties from a fluoroalkylsiloxane reactant. When it is desired that these polyurethanes be capable of forming fibers in air, then the reactant charge should be such that the ratio of isocyanate equivalents to hydroxyl equivalents is less than 1.

Abstract: Extraordinarily low ranges of error, with respect to yarn adhesion and uniformity, in dry spinning yarns are achieved when the spinning gas in the upper part of the shaft blasts the yarns radially from the inside to the outside in an apparatus designed for this purpose, the velocity of the radial flow of gas, dirctly below the spinning nozzle, transverse to the running direction of the yarns and within a spacing of 10 mm from the nozzle, increasing from 0 to at least from 0.2 to 1 m/s.

Abstract: Non-flammable, high-temperature resistant polyimide fibers have irregularly lobed or serrated cross-sections, a wool-like smooth hand and high brightness. They are produced by a dry-spinning process which is carried out in a spinning column, wherein a 20 to 40% solution of the polyimide is spun from spinnerets having circular orifices, the orifice numbers ranging from 20 to 800 and the orifice diameters from 100 to 300 .mu.m. An extrusion speed of between 20 and 100 m/min, a take-up speed of between 100 and 800 m/min, an amount of spin gas between 40 and 100 m.sup.3 /h under standard conditions and a spin gas temperature of between 200.degree. and 350.degree. C. are applied. The tows leaving the spinning column, which contain residual solvent from 5 to 25% by weight--based on dry polymer--and have a single filament titer of between 3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to filaments based on a mixture of atactic polyvinyl chloride and postchlorinated polyvinyl chloride, and also to the process for their production.The filaments according to the present invention possess a residual shrinkage in boiling water of less than 2%, a modulus of elasticity of more than 3 kN/mm.sup.2 and a shrinkage stress, after shrinkage in an aqueous fluid medium at a temperature between 98.degree. and 130.degree. C., which is greater than or equal to 1.6.multidot.10.sup.-2 g/dtex.The filaments are obtained by spinning and stretching in a manner which is in itself known, then continuous stabilization under tension, at a temperature between 105.degree. and 125.degree. C., in the presence of steam under pressure, for 1 to 3 seconds, and then shrinkage in an aqueous fluid medium at a temperature between 98.degree. and 130.degree. C.

Abstract: High strength and modulus fibers are prepared from a poly(vinyl alcohol) solution in a mixed solvent consisting of water and water-miscible organic solvent. Upon extruding the poly(vinyl alcohol) solution into a coagulation bath, gel fibers are formed as a consequence of favorable gel structure with homogeneous net-works. Drawing the gel fibers to an exceedingly high degree leads to formation of poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers which have a superhigh tensile strength and a superhigh modulus.

Abstract: A process for the production of continuous inorganic fibers is disclosed which comprises causing a spinning dope composed of a water-soluble organic polymer, a water-soluble inorganic salt capable of forming a refractory inorganic oxide, additives, and water and adjusted to a viscosity of 200 to 2000 poises at 20.degree. C. to be dry spun by the use of a spinning nozzle containing a plurality of spinnerets each provided on the spinning dope outlet side of a nozzle plate with a protuberance having a wall thickness of not more than 0.5 mm at the tip thereof and subjecting the spun threads of the spinning dope to a thermal treatment. An apparatus for working the process is also disclosed which is provided with a spinning nozzle having a plurality of spinnerets bored through a nozzle plate and severally through protuberances formed on the spinning dope outlet side of the nozzle plate in such a manner that the walls of the protuberances surrounding the spinnerets have a thickness of not more than 0.

Abstract: A conductive fiber is made by an electroless plating process which is used in conjunction with a wet spinning process. The polymer must be catalyzed before the wet gel is collapsed. The resulting filament has a conductive region which is at least partially coincident with the polymer structure.

Abstract: Two-component fibers, having surface area of at least 1 m.sup.2 /g, suited for replacing cellulose fibers in the manufacture of paper and paper-like products comprise a core of olefinic polymer and from 2 to 50% by weight of a sheath of a hydrophilic polymer, and exhibit values of the tenacity higher than 3,000 meters and cohesion higher than 300 meters. They are prepared by extruding a stable emulsion formed by a mixture of a solution of the olefinic polymer with a solution of the hydrophilic polymer in reciprocally immiscible solvents, at a temperature exceeding the boiling temperature of the solvent of the olefinic polymer and at least equal to the dissolution temperature of such polymer in such solvent, in a medium at a lower pressure, by using a volume ratio of solvent for the olefinic polymer to solvent for the hydrophilic polymer of at least 2.5 and concentrations of hydrophilic polymer in its solution of at least 2 g/l of solvent.

Abstract: Yarns and fibers based on atactic polyvinyl chloride possess a residual shrinkage in boiling water of less than 3%, a modulus of elasticity which is greater than or equal to 2 kN/mm.sup.2, an orientation index of the crystalline zones which is greater than or equal to 70%, an orientation index of the mesomorphic zones which is greater than or equal to 8%, and an orientation index of the amorphous zones which is greater than or equal to 5%. They are obtained by spinning and stretching in a known manner, then stabilization under tension at a temperature between 105.degree. and 130.degree. C., in the presence of steam under pressure, for 1 to 3 seconds, and then shrinkage in an aqueous fluid medium at a temperature between 98.degree. and 130.degree. C.