Abstract: Spherulites are grown in such sections as neck, neck end, and bottom center or bottom periphery of a hollow bottle-shaped container of biaxially oriented-blow molded polyethylene terephthalate where the resin is not substantially subjected to orientation, thereby to improve the thermal resistance, stiffness and content resistance of such sections to almost the same extent as the biaxially oriented sections of the container such as shoulder and cylindrical sections thereof. The aforesaid sections of the preformed piece before being blow-molded or of the blow-molded container where the resin is not substantially subjected to orientation are first heated at 120.degree.-180.degree. C. for 3-8 minutes and then annealed at room temperatures, with a result that such sections have a spherulite texture of an increased density and are opacified to white or milky white.

Abstract: A stretched acrylic sheet which is to be formed into a vision panel at an elevated temperature has its major surfaces reheated to an elevated temperature to intentionally generate a class of surface formations thereon for subsequent removal by polishing prior to the formation of the final vision panel. Such surface deformations are otherwise undesirably generated during vision panel formation and detract from the optical quality of the final product.

Abstract: Fabrication of unoriented phase I crystalline PVF.sub.2 is described wherein commercially available PVF.sub.2 phase II (crystalline form) is placed in a high pressure cell and its temperature is raised slightly over its melting point. The sample is then subjected to abrupt changes in high pressure and the temperature is dropped thereafter. The pressure is then reduced resulting in a product which contains both phase I and phase II forms of PVF.sub.2. The phase I content of the product varies from a few percent and up depending upon the pressure applied during the quenching step.

Abstract: A process for setting in a desired shape a product at least a portion of which comprises electrostatically spun fibres is disclosed. The process comprises maintaining the product in the desired shape at a temperature below the melding temperature of the electrostatically spun fibres. The desired shape may be the as-spun shape of the product or a shape obtained by deformation of the product, i.e. the product is reshaped. The fibres preferably comprise a polyurethane and reshaping is preferably effected on a former. The reshaped product may be employed as a vascular prosthesis.

Abstract: Solvent resistant halogenated aromatic polyester fibers are prepared by first heat treating the fibers at substantially constant length at a temperature of from about 270.degree. to about 295.degree. C. for a period of from about 5 to about 60 minutes, and then further treating the fibers with perchloroethylene which is at a temperature of from about 80.degree. C. up to its boiling point for a period of at least about 15 minutes to produce halogenated aromatic polyester fibers having improved solvent resistance.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a sintered zirconia article excellent in thermal shock resistance and high in sintered density. The method comprises mixing zirconia powder as the starting material and a stabilizing agent with a definite amount of partially stabilized zirconia powder, shaping and sintering the mixture, and heat treating it under specific temperature conditions.

Abstract: A high-temperature thermocouple is made by placing a u-tube containing a bi-metal junction in a mould, positioned to locate the u projecting through the face portion of the mould, holding other non-ceramic parts of the thermocouple in the mould, and filling the mould with ceramic. The mould is elastically deformable at least where it holds the u-tube, and the ceramic extends into the u-tube ends. Also the product made by the described method.

Abstract: A powder blend consisting essentially of precursors of a single antiferroelectric compound of lead-barium-lanthanum-zirconate titanate doped with silver, includes at least 0.7 mole percent bismuth permitting a near-full reaction to be achieved at calcining in the low temperature range of 1000.degree. C. to 1130.degree. C. A body is formed of the pulverized calcined material, which body is then sintered in a closed container at 1100.degree. C. Residual PbO remains in the body rendering it conductive. The body is annealed in open atmosphere at 950.degree. C. to drive out the free PbO providing an excellent dielectric having an unusual combination of high K and low TCC.

Abstract: A method of continuously forming articles having a predetermined, varying cross sectional geometry which comprises continuously introducing molten thermoplastic material from a die opening into a nip formed by opposing rotating rolls with at least one roll having a cooled, arcuate mold cavity in its surface contoured to correspond to each article cross sectional geometry thereby providing varying clearances in the nip, progressively successively arcuately forcing the mold cavity into shaping engagement with the molten thermoplastic material to mold the articles therefrom, maintaining the thermoplastic material containing the articles in contact with one of the rolls after exiting the nip thereby forming a first, curved intermediate shape wherein the thermoplastic material is partially set, immediately passing such shape over a cooled cylindrical surface to further yet not completely set the thermoplastic material and transpose the first shape into a second shape reversely configured from the first shape, disc

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of making a tube of thermoplastic material, comprising longitudinal channels of circular cross-section and having such wall stresses that, after axially cutting the tube, the edge parts along the cut edge overlap each other for less than 8% of the outer circumference of the tube.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improvement in a process for providing a dyed, false twist texturized, fibrous material comprising at least 85 mole percent polyethylene terephthalate which is subject to variations in dye uptake induced by the false twist texturizing treatment conducted on said fibrous material prior to or concurrently with a dyeing process by enhancing the uniformity of dye uptake of the fibrous material. The enhancement in the uniformity of dye uptake is achieved by subjecting the fibrous material, which has been previously oriented but prior to false twist texturizing, to an annealing step at a specifically defined temperature for a specifically defined length of time while controlling the length of the fibrous material in a specifically defined manner.

Abstract: A process for the rapid annealing of refractory fiber is disclosed. Air at a temperature of 750.degree. F. (400.degree. C.) to 1400.degree. F. (760.degree. C.) is passed through a refractory fiber body for a period of 5 to 200 seconds while the body is held securely in place for dimensional integrity. Apparatus for performing the process of this invention comprises an annealing unit containing opposed foraminous platens and means for passing hot air through the platens and through the fiber body retained between the platens or opposed foraminous belts and adjacent conduits and means for passing the hot annealing air through the conduits and belts and through the fiber body retained between the belts. The process and apparatus may be used to produce fiber bodies of a single material or laminated bodies of a plurality of interlocked layers, which may be of different fiber materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing microporous hollow fibers by solvent stretching a non-porous hollow precursor fiber having a controlled degree of molecular orientation as measured by birefringence. Control of the precursor fiber orientation, yields a microporous hollow fiber having an improved balance of mechanical strength and permeability.

Abstract: A method of producing a form retaining container made of synthetic plastic material comprising feeding a plastic material in liquid state onto a male member to provide a layer on the male member constituting a blank for the container. The layer is cooled to prevent crystallization of the material. The thus cooled blank is placed into a mold cavity having an interior configuration corresponding to the desired outer shape of the container to be produced. The layer is inflated into conformity with the mold cavity. The configuration of the mold cavity is such that the blank undergoes biaxial stretching in a middle region of the container by at least 1.5 times while the mouth and part of the bottom of the container will be formed by biaxially stretching the blank less than 1.5 times. The inflated blank is then heated until curing is completed and then the blank is removed from the mold.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for heat setting side walls of biaxially oriented thermoplastic resin containers to reduce shrinkage of the container and container treated by the process. Heating is by infrared radiation while shielding portions of the container. The apparatus comprises container handling systems to provide a fully automated system capable of being incorporated in present container production lines.

Abstract: Warped, spread apart, graphite enclosures of the type used with crucibles for "pulling" crystalline bodies, and the like are restored substantially to original "set" condition by compressing them and holding them in substantially their original shape while heating them to temperatures which result in vaporization of the crystalline material and the carbon compounds which have deposited or formed on the enclosure, holding them at the elevated temperatures for a period of time sufficient to volatilize, and permit removal of all, save perhaps a minor residuum, of these materials, and then cooling the enclosure. Alternatively, the heating can be accomplished in a reactive furnace which also reacts a halogen or the like with the material to be removed.

Abstract: An improved windshield wiper blade is disclosed. At least the lip surface of a flexible windshield wiper blade is treated by heating at an elevated temperature. The treated blade exhibits substantially better wipe qualities than untreated blades.

Abstract: Yarns of balanced low tensile characteristics, especially low tensile factor (TE.sup.1/2) are produced in high speed spinning (e.g. greater than 10000 fpm) operations including an annealing stage by process control, particularly inverse spinning temperatures for given yarn. Polyethylene terephthalate yarns of balanced tensile characteristics and tensile factor of as little as 15-17 are prepared directly from a spin draw line at maximum productivity.

Abstract: A technique for removing surface charges from thin film electret foils involves subjecting the foil to penetrating radiation of a dosage ranging from 1-25 krad and, subsequently, annealing the foil at a temperature ranging from 80.degree.-150.degree. C.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for processing extruded thermoplastic material for use in siding by advancing the extrudate from the die member through a series of baths which size and shape the extrudate. The process sizes and cools the extrudate, and, thence, heat treats the extrudate followed by a final quenching of the extrudate in its final shape and size.

Abstract: Heat treatment of shaped articles, larger than films or fibers, formed from anisotropic-melt-forming polymers provides an increase of at least 25% in energy to break in flexure. In at least one direction of measurement the heat treated articles are characterized by a flexural break strength of at least 10,000 psi, maximum strain to break in flexure of at least 2% and a flexural modulus of at least 500,000 psi. In many instances the heat treated articles can be further characterized by a notched Izod impact strength of at least 2 foot-pounds per inch.Since the heat-treated shaped articles have high levels of strength, stiffness and toughness, they are useful as replacements for some metals, e.g., brass.

Abstract: A method of making a packing seal comprising compression molding a thermo-setting plastic in a spiral mold so that a partially-cured spiral seal is formed, removing the partially-cured seal from the mold, and winding it on a mandrel of a selected diameter, curing the spiral seal on the mandrel, and removing the seal from the mandrel, whereby the resulting seal is resilient and can be used to seal any part having a diameter within a given range, which range has the diameter of the mandrel as a median.

Abstract: Fiber-forming polymers are prepared from a mixture of the hexamethylene diamine salts of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and a small amount of at least one aliphatic dibasic acid (e.g. adipic acid) having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms. The polymers can be prepared in a batch autoclave and extruded therefrom without cleaning the autoclave between successive runs.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a coaxial cable which exhibits a substantially uniform electrostatic capacity with respect to length. The improvement includes the steps of reheating the insulated layer and then recooling and resolidifying the reheated insulated layer. The improvement also includes the steps of feeding and then reducing the outer diameter of the inner conductor prior to the winding of the rib onto the outer peripheral surface of the inner conductor.

Abstract: A process for improving tensile properties of aramid fibers and structurally related fibers is described. The process involves soaking the fibers in a liquid tertiary amine maintained at a temperature of at least 80.degree. C.

Abstract: A film embossing process of roughening a lateral edge of a thermo-plastic film by mechanically deforming said lateral edge. The lateral edge is subjected to the film embossing process at a temperature of from the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the film to the temperature of (tg+60.degree. C.). Subsequently the film is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature higher than the temperature of said film embossing process by at least 10.degree. C. to 30.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of providing a hot section in a continuously moving synthetic yarn comprises directing at least one jet of hot fluid obliquely across the moving yarn. The jet intersects the yarn at an obtuse angle to the approaching yarn. The method also produces drawn yarn by passing undrawn yarn into the jet and tensioning the yarn as it passes through the jet. Apparatus for performing the method includes a body member formed with a chamber formed with yarn entry and exit passages and a fluid ejecting nozzle. The body member may be additionally formed with a cavity opening from the chamber opposite the nozzle.

Abstract: In manufacturing gypsum products, crushed natural dihydrous gypsum CaSO.sub.4.2H.sub.2 O is molded and heat-treated in air at temperatures ranging from 100.degree. to 200.degree. C. The temperature is raised to a required level at a rate of 2 to 3 degrees per minute. The products are strengthened by watering.The end gypsum products feature a water absorption of 7 to 10% and a frost resistance of 40 to 50 cycles. Their compression strength is 170 to 300 kg/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: A preform is made by casting a copolyester polymer elastomer into a block. While the block is solidifying, pressure is supplied to the central portion thereof. After a block is formed, it is annealed and a precompression force is applied thereto sufficient to compress the block to an extent greater than thirty percent of the original dimension of the block as measured parallel to the precompression force. In one embodiment a cushioning unit using the block is made by placing a pair of multi-apertured metal plates on opposite sides of the block with projections on the plates extending against the block and applying a second precompression force to the block and plates sufficient to cause the copolyester polymer elastomer to flow into the apertures in the plates and form a mechanical bond between the block and the plates.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the formation of a high performance polyester (at least 85 mol percent polyethylene terephthalate) multifilament yarn. The product possesses a high strength (at least 7.5 grams per denier) and an unusually stable internal structure which renders it particularly suited for use in industrial applications at elevated temperatures. The filaments are melt spun and uniformly quenched under relatively high stress conditions (as described) to yield an as-spun filamentary material of relatively high birefringence (+9.times.10.sup.-3 to +70.times.10.sup.-3) which is passed in-line from the quench zone to a first draw zone where it is drawn at a draw ratio of 1.01:1 to 3.0:1, and subsequently is drawn (as described) to achieve at least 85 percent of the maximum draw ratio of the as-spun filamentary material. The resulting filamentary material exhibits unusually low shrinkage and hysteresis characteristics (i.e. work loss characteristics) as well as the high strength chatracteristics.

Abstract: A process for heat-treating carbonaceous products such as electrodes used in the manufacture of aluminum in which the products are heated to raise the core temperature to within 120.degree. to 170.degree. C., heating the products to raise the core temperature to 450.degree. C. within ten hours and without allowing the surface temperature to exceed 700.degree. C., and then continuing to heat the products to the final calcination temperature.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for continuously preparing a web of thermoplastic flat film for a subsequent winding operation, by providing it with embossed lines, preferably one line along each edge or very near each edge of the web, which process comprises embossing the lines while the film web is in a thermal state in which the tensioned film may be easily embossed, and is tensioned in all directions without undergoing a stretching operation effecting a dimensional change of the film web, and then cooling the embossed web of film.

Abstract: A method for draw-off of polyamide threads at very high speeds, say 1800 to 5000 m/min, while maintaining high quality threads and producing stable packages. The method comprises heat treating the threads, after an initial air-blast cooling, by passing them through a spinning duct the walls of which are heated to a preselected temperature below 140.degree. C. and above T.sub.min. Minimum calculated from the following equation: ##EQU1## wherein v=draw-off speed in m/min, and T.sub.a is a temperature value=O for spinning ducts over 1500 mm in length, or 6.degree. C. for each 100 mm reduction in duct length under 1500 mm. The heat treated threads are subjected to a finishing and wetting operation and then drawn off at the high speed.

Abstract: Zinc oxide powder and a single phase mixed oxide glass powder including bismuth oxide are mixed and then simultaneously heated and pressed to form a consolidated ceramic body of linear electrical characteristics. Subsequent annealing transforms the body to one of non-linear characteristics.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for treating tubular, plastics material net comprising transversely opening out a rope-oriented net, transversely corrugating the transversely opened-out net, and heat setting the net in its transversely opened-out and corrugated state. In addition, the product thereof, having a length less than 1/350th of the maximum axially-extended length of the net.

Abstract: A method of coating a fibre in which a sleeve of polymer is extruded, fibre is fed into the sleeve as it is formed, and the diameter of the sleeve is reduced by a drawing process to produce a sleeve of polymer which loosely envelops the fibre. We also provide a fibre having a tubular sleeve of polymer, the sleeve having its molecules orientated to lie longitudinally with respect to the axis of the fibre. The sleeve has relative strength in a longitudinal plane and relative weakness in a transverse plane.

Abstract: A heat-tempered film element having a core-set curling tendency and a net core-set curl at least about 15% below that of a similar non-heat-tempered film element is provided by a process which comprises heating a sheet or roll of self-supporting, core-set-prone thermoplastic polymeric film, which is non-coated or is coated with one or more layers on at least one surface, under ambient relative humidity of less than 100%, at a temperature in the temperature range of from about 30.degree. C. up to about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of said polymer for 0.1 to 1500 hours, said heating being continued until the change in the number of ANSI curl units that the resulting film undergoes upon subsequent core-setting at 21.degree. C. and 50% R.H. for 2200 hours is reduced by at least 15%, compared to the change in the number of ANSI curl units untreated thermoplastic polymer film undergoes upon core-setting under like conditions.

Abstract: A method for casting vitreous materials using the lost wax process in which a pattern of the article to be cast is formed with a substance which is vaporized at the casting temperature of the vitreous material. The pattern is embedded in a heat resistant silica compound such as sand which surrounds the pattern to form a casting mold. The sand is contained in a receptacle called a casting shell. The vitreous material is heated to a temperature at which its viscosity is between 20 and 100 poises and the article is cast.

Abstract: Fabrics produced from aromatic sulfide polymers are rendered water-repellent by heat treatment near, but below, the melting point of the polymer for a finite period of time. The resulting heat-treated fabric is suitable for flame retardant tents, waterproof clothing, filters, etc.

Abstract: A process for producing polymeric films from crystallizable polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate, comprising extruding a molten polymer onto a receiving surface with subsequent cooling of the polymer on said surface at 20.degree.-80.degree. C. to obtain an amorphous polymeric film. This film is heat-treated at 130.degree.-190.degree. C. to obtain a crystallinity of the film of 5-50%. Then the film is oriented at 130.degree.-250.degree. C., thermally fixed at 170.degree.-250.degree. C. and cooled at 20.degree.-30.degree. C. Polymeric films produced by the above-described method have a high structural homogeneity and elevated physical and mechanical characteristics (ultimate tensile strength up to 4000 kg/cm.sup.2, yield point up to 3500 kg/cm.sup.2).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for heating and transferring parisons during a blow molding operation. Unheated parisons are heated during their travel through a heating oven, the parisons being freely suspended from an overhead conveyor which intermittently advances the heated parisons into alignment with an overhead discharge opening. A transfer arm rotatable about a horizontal axis above the oven is extended through the discharge opening to engage that heated parison aligned with the opening. Retraction of the arm vertically upwardly removes the parison for later transfer toward a blow molding station. Novel parison suspension means and a drive correlating the movement of the transfer arm and the intermittent parison advancement are disclosed.

Abstract: Refractory products having remarkable resistance to thermal shocks, comprising 60% of the total weight of ceramic fibres, dispersed in 40% of the total weight of cement, obtained by slow heating up to 800.degree. C after the setting and the stripping. A chemical bond is set up in those conditions between the fibre and the calcium aluminate of the cement. Application to the manufacturing of parts remaining in contact with reactive molten metals.

Abstract: Fine-grained polygonized halide bodies are formed having comparable optical properties to a single crystal halide body. Heat and force are applied to a single crystal halide to recrystallize or polygonize the halide. The body is then annealed to suppress room temperature grain growth.

Abstract: Method taught for producing a high modulus yarn of filaments of a polyester resin consisting of at least 15 up to 50 mole percent of bibenzoate units and from 85 to 50 mole percent of terephthalate units, said yarn having been uniformly oriented and then heat-set while free-to-relax.

Abstract: Extruded articles of resinous transparent monovinyl-substituted aromatic compound/conjugated diene block copolymer are subjected to a brief heat treatment which results in a substantial improvement in clarity.

Abstract: Improvement in a two-stage heat-setting process for asymmetrically, biaxially oriented polyester film wherein the film from the second heat-setting stage is heat set a third time and quenched. The starting film can be oriented by a transverse direction-machine direction sequence of drawing or a machine direction-transverse direction-machine direction sequence. The film can be machine direction drawn again after the second heat-set stage and relaxed an equal amount after the third heat-set stage. The film has improved dimensional stability in the transverse direction without a substantial loss in tensile strength at 5% elongation in the machine direction.

Abstract: Heat-resistant aromatic polyester filaments having heretofore unknown physical properties and a combination of excellent heat resistance and mechanical strength, which (1) is composed of an aromatic polyester in which at least 90 mole % of the structural units are ethylene-2,6-naphthalate units, (2) has a melting point at a constant length (Tm;.degree.C.) of at least 287.degree. C., (3) has a density (d)(g/cm.sup.3) of at least 1.370, (4) is insoluble in a phenol/orthodichlorobenzene mixed solvent (mixing ratio = 6/4 on the weight basis) at 160.degree. C. and (5) meets the requirements expressed by the following formulaeL(Tm - 280) = 400 (I).DELTA. n(d - 1.350) = 70 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.3 (II)L = .lambda.K/(B-b)cos .theta. (III)and the process for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Hollow articles such as bottles and containers are formed from tubular, elongated injection molded preforms made of thermoplastic material and having a finished neck portion adjacent an open end and a closed end body portion which method comprises annealing said preform by heating the portion of the preform body adjacent the neck to a temperature just below or about the Tg (glass transition temperature) for such material while maintaining the remainder of the preform body at a significantly lower temperature, for a sufficient time to essentially relieve the internal stresses in said body portion adjacent the neck, such annealing step being applied prior to the thermoforming of said preform into the hollow article.

Abstract: Dimensionally stable fibers are produced from copolymers prepared from substantially equimolar amounts of hexamethylene diamine and a 50:50 to 80:20 mixture of terephthalic and isophthalic acids by heating essentially amorphous fibers melt spun from the copolymers to a temperature between about 160.degree. C. and 300.degree. C. for a short period of time. The dimensionally stable fibers combine many of the best properties of nylon 66 and poly(ethylene terephthalate) and are particularly useful in tire and textile applications.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of wires and profiles, wherein thermoplastics are first mixed, in the melt, with from 5 to 40 per cent by weight (based on the mixture) of aluminum needles of length from 0.3 to 6 mm, of average diameter from 0.02 to 0.1 mm and of length to average diameter ratio of from 3 to 100, the mixture is extruded to give a wire or profile in which the aluminum needles are substantially oriented axially, and this wire or profile is finally hardened by cold-working.