Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a coated oriented plastic container, which comprises coating an aqueous latex or organic solvent solution of a vinylidene chloride copolymer on at least one surface of a parison, preform or sheet for formation of container which is formed by hot molding of a molecularly orientable thermoplastic resin, drying the coated parison, preform or sheet to form a coating layer, and subjecting the formed coated structure to draw molding such as biaxial draw blow molding or draw forming, wherein the coating layer of the vinylidene chloride copolymer is crystallized at the step of forming the coating layer or the draw molding step.In the coated oriented plastic container prepared according to this process, the adhesion of the coating layer of the vinylidene chloride copolymer to the plastic container substrate is highly improved, and even under severe conditions, peeling of the coating layer is prevented.

Abstract: A nonfibrous, unoriented sheet of a copolymer resin of about 65 to 85 mol percent of vinylidene fluoride and from 15 to about 35 mol percent of at least one other copolymerizable substituted monoolefinic monomer, said sheet having improved and uniform piezoelectric properties for hydrophonic use, and the process for preparing said sheet with improved piezoelectric and dielectric breakdown strength properties wherein it is heated for at least about 20 minutes within the temperature range of above the crystalline melting temperature and below a defined temperature, cooled to below the Curie temperature and then electrically poled, are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A hollow fiber membrane of a cellulose ester for dialysis of body liquids, such as blood, and a method are described. The membrane, which has a membrane thickness of less than 20.mu., and a yield strength S.sub.b (g/filament) after heat-treatment at 80.degree. C. for 20 hours satisfies the following formula (I):0.90.ltoreq.S.sub.b /S.sub.a .ltoreq.1.10 (I)wherein S.sub.a represents the yield strength (g/filament) of the hollow fiber membrane which is measured before heat treatment. The membrane has excellent dialysis performance while keeping excellent storage stability and excellent UFR retention during storage and during hemodialysis. A spinning solution of a cellulose ester is extruded through cyclic slits around an inner tube of a spinneret while a core solution is simultaneously extruded through the inner tube of the spinneret.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the preparation of a sheet of a crystalline thermoplastic resin, e.g. polypropylene, having excellent transparency and surface properties as well as thermoformability. The inventive method comprises quenching of a molten resin sheet extruded out of a T-die by introducing the same into a slit where cooling water is flowing at a velocity higher than the running velocity of the extruded molten resin sheet and then stretching the thus quenched resin sheet in a stretch ratio in the range from 1.02 to 1.5 times.

Abstract: A stable secondary coating, for example of nylon, is applied to a primary coated optical fiber by a process including high-speed (.gtoreq.100 meters per minute) extrusion of the secondary coating material, cooling of the extruded material by quenching in cold water at a position up to four meters from the extruder crosshead, and subsequent annealing to increase the density of the extruded and quenched material.

Abstract: Use of surfactant in coating of yarn from anisotropic melt-forming polyester with alkali metal salts enhances heat-strengthening acceleration effect.

Abstract: Dry polycaprolactam granules containing from 8 to 13% by weight of caprolactam and its oligomers are prepared by a method in which a caprolactam melt is extruded, the extrudates are cooled to 100.degree.-150.degree. C., left at this temperature until the polycaprolactam has substantially crystallized, and then immediately granulated, and the granules are left in a stream of inert gas, in the absence of molecular oxygen, for from 1 to 4 hours at from 100.degree. to 150.degree. C., and are then cooled.

Abstract: A process for the production of shaped articles from silicate material by extrusion and/or pelleting and subsequent annealing is described. In this process, pulverulent layered silicic acids of the general formula H.sub.2 Si.sub.y O.sub.2y+1, in which y is a number from 1.7 to 24, or salts thereof, in which all or some of the H is replaced by at least one cation from the group comprising Li.sup.+, Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, NH.sub.4.sup.+, Ca.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+ and Mg.sup.2+, are mixed with water or an organic solvent, the mixture is extruded and/or pelleted to give roll-shaped or tube-shaped pieces and these are then dried and annealed under conditions such that the starting material is chiefly converted into cristobalite and/or tridymite. The same material can also be pressed in a molding tool under pressure. Under these conditions, shaped articles which predominantly consist of cristobalite or tridymite and have a Shore hardness of at least 70 can be obtained.

Abstract: A process for forming a reverse osmosis membrane is disclosed. The process involves casting a solution of an aromatic polyamide and a modifying salt to form a layer which is dried and quenched with water to gel the aromatic polyamide, and annealed in water at 40.degree.-110.degree. C. and preferably 40.degree. to 90.degree. in a plurality of stages with the final stage being at more than 60.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention reduces within a short period of time the internal stresses in plastics bottles by annealing with infra-red radiation, in particular by specifically exposing critical points to radiation.

Abstract: A hollow blow-molded bottle-shaped container of a biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate which advantageously has a crystallized outer peripheral portion at the neck portion except the boundary between the neck portion and the body portion and non-crystallized inner peripheral portion thereat. This bottle-shaped container is molded by a method of molding the same, which method advantageously has the steps of injection-molding a piece or parison formed at the outer peripheral surface of a neck root part forming portion in a downwardly flared tapered shape, and crystallizing by a heat treatment the outer peripheral surface portion of the neck root part forming portion. Thus, the deterioration in the physical properties of the neck and shoulder portions of the bottle-shaped container thus finally blow-molded can be reduced.

Abstract: Spherulites are grown in such sections as neck, neck end, bottom center and/or bottom periphery of a hollow bottle-shaped container of biaxially oriented-blow molded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin where the resin is not substantially subjected to orientation, thereby to improve the thermal resistance, stiffness and content resistance of such sections to almost the same extent as the biaxially oriented sections of the container such as the shoulder and cylindrical sections thereof. The aforesaid non-oriented sections of the preformed piece before being blow-molded or of the blow-molded container are first heated at or above the glass transition temperature of the resin for about 2-8 minutes and are then annealed at room temperature, with the result that such sections have a spherulite texture of an increased density and are rendered opaque.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical cable element in which a synthetic resin envelope is extruded around one or more optical fibers at elevated temperature. The element is then cooled and wound on a reel in which, after cooling, the element is again heated and maintained (tempered) at the heating temperature to irreversibly shrink the synthetic resin envelope.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for impregnating and embedding electrical windings, especially coils of transformers, by means of an impregnating or casting resin based upon polyepoxide-polyisocyanate mixtures in the presence of a reaction accelerator latent at the processing conditions, which employs conditions that prevent the formation of gas and shrinkage voids in the cast in winding. To this end, the resin including, if applicable, additives, is dried at reduced pressure and while stirring at temperatures of up to 110.degree. C. and the winding is cast-in with the dried resin at reduced pressure and at temperature of up to 110.degree. C.; then the reduced pressure is removed and the winding is exposed to overpressure. Subsequently, generating by an elevated temperature in the electrical winding by Joule heat in the conductor, the cross-linking reaction of the resin is started and is controlled as a function of the reaction heat, until the winding is removed from the mold and post-hardened.

Abstract: Spherulites are grown in such sections as neck, neck end, bottom center and/or bottom periphery of a hollow bottle-shaped container of biaxially oriented-blow molded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin where the resin is not substantially subjected to orientation, thereby to improve the thermal resistance, stiffness and content resistance of such sections to almost the same extent as the biaxially oriented sections of the container such as the shoulder and cylindrical sections thereof. The aforesaid non-oriented sections of the preformed piece before being blow-molded or of the blow-molded container are first heated at or above the glass transition temperature of the resin for about 2-8 minutes and are then annealed at room temperature, with the result that such sections have a spherulite texture of an increased density and are rendered opaque.

Abstract: A method of producing a container of polyethylene terephthalate or similar thermoplastic material from a tubular blank of amorphous material. A mechanical forming element moves a transitional zone between amorphous (thicker) material and thinner oriented material stretched to flow during simultaneous elongation of the blank in the direction of movement of the transitional zone. The stretched and oriented material is heated to a temperature higher than the temperature of the material immediately before stretching. As a result, the internal stresses produced in the material during earlier stretching are relieved. Heating causes the length of the material in the direction of stretching also to be reduced. Each subsequent forming stage for shaping the container takes place at a temperature lower than the temperature at the immediately preceding forming stage.

Abstract: Crystalline polymers having a relatively high melt index and low structured carbon black together produce positive temperature coefficient material which can attain suitable volume resistivity with a greatly reduced annealing time. Temperature self-regulating resistive heating elements may be made with the material in a continuous process where annealing is conducted in a heated zone while the extruded element is in motion or during a short interval when its motion is interrupted.

Abstract: A method is described for adjusting the temperature coefficient of the ferrimagnetic resonant frequency in gallium or aluminium substituted YIG disc resonators. At the compensation temperature, T.sub.o, the temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency, f.sub.r, in a given frequency range is approximately zero. Where this range lies, depends, inter alia, on the substitution value. By annealing the discs, T.sub.o can be moved into the desired temperature range. When the manufactured disc has a compensation temperature above the desired temperature range, annealing must be carried out at approximately 850.degree. to 1400.degree. C. When the manufactured disc has a compensation temperature below the desired temperature range, annealing is performed at approximately 400.degree. to 850.degree. C.

Abstract: It has been discovered that cellulose acetate membranes, fabricated using nonaqueous solvent systems, can be used for the separation of polar solvents, especially ketone dewaxing solvents from dewaxed oil. The cellulose acetate membranes so prepared are of a reduced acetyl content and exhibit very good resistance to ketone solvents. The specific fabrication procedure avoids exposing the cellulose acetate to even transient mixtures of ketone and alcohol or ketone and water. Although the cellulose acetate polymer is insoluble in pure water, alcohol, or ketone it is soluble in mixtures of ketone-alcohol and ketone-water.The resulting membrane is an effective means for separating ketone dewaxing solvent from dewaxed oil.

Abstract: Porous hollow fibers composed of a high density polyethylene the fibers having rectangular micropores that are oriented in the lengthwise direction of the fibers and having a porosity from 30 to 90% by volume are disclosed. Membranes composed of hollow fibers exhibit a water permeability of greater than 65 (ml/m.sup.2, hr, mmHg) as well as a human serum albumin permeability of greater than 30%. Such fibers are suited for use as filters, particularly as a membrane for simple fractionation of whole blood into it plasma and cellular components. The hollow fibers are obtained by spinning a high-density polyethylene under a high-draft condition followed by cold stretching and hot stretching, and without the use of any solvent or plasticizer.

Abstract: Method for producing a polycrystalline body comprised of from about 50% by weight to about 95% by weight of mullite and from about 5% by weight to about 50% by weight of cordierite, said body having a porosity of less than about 10% by volume.

Abstract: A membrane cast in the form of either a hollow filament or a flat film formed of a polybenzimidazole polymer is subjected to an annealing process by contacting the membrane with a non-aqueous annealing medium comprised of a solvent for the polymer and a non-solvent for the polymer. Such an annealing step can advantageously occur at an annealing temperature below about 125.degree. C. (e.g., below 100.degree. C.) These polybenzimidazole membranes find particular utility in reverse osmosis desalination processes. The annealing step of the present invention improves the mechanical and separative properties of the membrane.

Abstract: A perfluorocarbon copolymer film which, upon heat shrinking, does not expand in the direction perpendicular to stretching.

Abstract: An improved, essentially scrap-free, solid-phase process for making thermoplastic articles directly from resinous powder. The process can be particularly advantageous to forming large parts from thermoplastic resinous powders. The method essentially comprises taking resinous powder, briquetting the powder, sintering the briquette, repressing the powder in a warm state and then shaping the briquette into a preform or a blank which can then be thermoformed into a resulting container or other product, assuming the blank itself is not the desired end product. Alternatively, sintering can take place after repressing with preheating of the briquette prior to the repressing step.

Abstract: In a method of fabrication of piezoelectric polymer transducers by forging, a preform is subjected to flattening by compression in order to produce a radial orientation of the molecular chains constituting the polymer with respect to the center of pressure.

Abstract: A fiber consisting essentially of polyethylene terephthalate capable of being dyed under normal pressure and having an initial modulus at 30.degree. C. of about 55 g/d to about 130 g/d, a relationship between a peak temperature [T.sub.max (.degree.C.)] at the peak of a dynamic mechanical loss tangent (tan .delta.) measured with a frequency of 110 Hz and a peak value of the dynamic mechanical loss tangent [(tan .delta.).sub.max ] represented by the formula:(tan .delta.).sub.max .gtoreq.1.times.10.sup.-2 (T.sub.max -105)and a (tan .delta.).sub.max of about 0.14 to about 0.30 and a dynamic mechanical loss tangent at 220.degree. C. (tan .delta..sub.220) of at most about 0.055. The fiber is produced by subjecting a polyethylene terephthalate fiber obtained at a spinning speed of at least about 4000 m/min. to heat treatment at a temperature ranging from a temperature at which a dynamic modulus (E') of the fiber deviates from a tangent line at 180.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing the Tmc of PPS subjected to heat treatment in a temperature range between 240.degree. C. and 320.degree. C., particularly during the heating process of an extrusion operation, by increasing the tmperature of the polymer through the 240.degree. C.-320.degree. C. range at a rate of at least 20.degree. C. per minute or by subsequently raising the temperature of the polymer to at least 350.degree. C. for a time sufficient to stabilize the Tmc of the polymer.

Abstract: A process for producing high precision apertures in plastic components comprises the steps of: injection molding the component from a crystalline or semicrystalline thermoplastic material wherein at least one aperture is formed in the component during the molding step; inserting an annealing rod having an oversized diameter with respect to the aperture into the aperture; placing the component, with the annealing rod inserted into the aperture, into an oven at an elevated temperature for a period of time; allowing the component to cool; and withdrawing the annealing rod from the aperture of the component.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the manufacture of nylon packaging film having improved slip characteristics. In the process a homogeneous mixture is formed from a film-forming nylon resin and between 0.05 and 1.0 percent by weight thereof of a material selected from the group consisting of (1) secondary amides of the formula ##STR1## and (2) N, N' ethylene bis amides of the formula ##STR2## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are aliphatic hydrocarbon chains of C.sub.14 -C.sub.22. The homogeneous mixture is then extruded into film subsequently, the film is heated to a temperature between 40.degree. C. and 150.degree. C. for a period of 2 to 30 minutes in order to accelerate the development of improved film slip characteristics. The nylon film having improved slip characteristics is useful for the packaging of bacon and other processed meats.

Abstract: A plastic bottle has as a wall-forming component a layer of a copolymer consisting essentially of 99 to 70% by weight of vinylidene cloride and 1 to 40% by weight of at least one acrylic or methacrylic monomer and further including up to 100 parts by weight of at least one member selected from other ethylenically unsaturated monomers per 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the first two monomers, the copolymer having an oxygen permeability constant of less than 9.times.10.sup.-14 cc.multidot.cm/cm.sup.2 .multidot.sec.multidot.cmHg as measured at a temperature of 20.degree. C. and a relative humidity of 100% and a water vapor permeability constant of less than 3.times.10.sup.-3 g.multidot.cm/m.sup.2 .multidot.day as determined according to the method of JIS Z-0208.This plastic bottle is obtained by casting an aqueous latex or the like of the above-mentioned copolymer in a bottle mold and drying the cast latex. This aqueous latex may be formed as a coating layer on a preformed plastic bottle.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for reducing post-molding shrinkage of a hollow oriented polyethylene terephthalate container; the method including the steps of:(1) bringing a polyethylene terephthalate parison to orientation temperature,(2) blow molding the parison to provide a biaxially oriented container with larger dimensions than desired in the final container,(3) heating the blow molded container for a time and temperature sufficient to shrink the container to the desired size whereby substantially all the time-temperature dependent shrinkage is accomplished.

Abstract: A method of strengthening the neck portion of a hollow blow-molded bottle-shaped container of a biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate resin, which has the steps of heating the neck portion from 140.degree. to 170.degree. C., inserting a die pin of a predetermined shape into the opening of the neck portion, blowing cooling air to the neck portion, thereby shrinking and whitening the neck portion. Thus, the method prevents improper shrinkage deformation of the neck portion due to the thermal influence of the bottle-shaped container.

Abstract: A non-linear voltage limiting device displaying a particular stability characteristic and designed to eliminate flashover failure across its circumferential edge is disclosed herein along with a specific method of fabrication. The voltage limiting device is characterized by a rising resistive current with time at predetermined temperature and voltage levels and includes a disc-shaped wafer composed primarily of zinc oxide. In accordance with the method disclosed herein, after this wafer is formed and sintered in accordance with prescribed temperature and time requirements, its circumferential edge is provided with an anti-flashover coating which requires curing. Thereafter, the coated wafer is annealed in a way which cures the coating and, at the same time, reduces and preferably minimizes the resistive current rise characteristic referred to above.

Abstract: The invention relates to an earplug, produced with the use of a polysiloxane which is made foamable and cross-linkable by the use of expanding and cross-linking agents. The method for producing such an earplug comprises preshaping the polysiloxane together with the additives, then finally shaping the earplug in the foaming process and then tempering the finally shaped product.

Abstract: A membrane cast in the form of either a hollow filament or a flat film formed of a polybenzimidazole polymer is subjected to an annealing process by contacting the membrane with an annealing medium comprised of a solvent for the polymer and water. Such an annealing step can advantageously occur at an annealing temperature below the boiling point of water, thus avoiding the necessity for removing water present in the membrane in a conventional pre-annealing treatment step. These polybenzimidazole membranes find particular utility in reverse osmosis desalination processes. The annealing step of the present invention improves the mechanical and separative properties of the membrane and is simple in comparison to conventional annealing procedures.

Abstract: A method for cold-forming light gauge polymer sheet material by application of localized heat to the area of the fold. In the manufacture of Lexan polycarbonate flexible magnetic disk jackets, heat is applied to the folded edge by a heating element generally maintained uniformly at 375.degree. F. The heating element contacts the folded Lexan polycarbonate edge in a U-shaped trough having planar sidewalls generally perpendicular to a planar bottom wall.

Abstract: A high Young's modulus poly-p-phenylene-terephthalamide fiber having a unique fine-structure and excellent properties, including excellent resistance to lateral stress and to friction. The fiber is made by extruding an anisotropic dope in a non-coagulating layer, passing the extrudate through a coagulating layer, washing and drying the resulting coagulated fibers in the absence of substantial tension, and heating the fibers under tension.

Abstract: Lightweight composite timing gears are provided to decrease fuel consumption, attenuate noise, and permit increased speed of operation.

Abstract: A lightweight composite piston ring is provided to decrease fuel consumption, attenuate noise, and permit increased speed of operation.

Abstract: A lightweight composite valve spring retainer is provided to decrease fuel consumption, attenuate noise, and permit increased speed of operation.

Abstract: A lightweight composite tappet is provided to decrease fuel consumption, attenuate noise, and permit increased speed of operation.

Abstract: A lightweight composite rocker arm is provided to decrease fuel consumption, attenuate noise, and permit increased speed of operation.

Abstract: Video disc caddies are treated to maintain dimensional stability by heating them while preventing either inward or outward bowing of the caddy halves for a time sufficient to stress-relieve the plastic.

Abstract: The heat-strengthening of yarn spun from optically anisotropic melt-forming polyesters can be accelerated by coating the yarn prior to heat treatment with certain inorganic compounds.

Abstract: Tubular thermoformed articles are manufactured from tubular blanks which are heated to the annealing temperature for a time sufficient to anneal the articles by flowing hot liquid therethrough whilst constrained in the desire shape or form followed by flowing cold liquid therethrough to cool to set before being released from the constraint.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of heat-treating a biaxially oriented polyolefin film by constraining the film against shrinkage, heating the constrained film to at least the minimum stress relaxation temperature of the polyolefin, and thereafter cooling the treated film to a temperature below the alpha-relaxation temperature of the polyolefin.The film is preferably heated rapidly to the required temperature and cooled rapidly therefrom. The resultant films exhibit good modulus and thermal shrinkage characteristics. The heat-treatment may be supplemented by a conventional heat-setting operation to improve heat-sealing characteristics of the treated films.

Abstract: A process for annealing a heat fused cast refractory product casts a molten refractory material in a mold which is held in a heat insulating material as an annealing medium, said mold being held in said packed heat insulating material which has a thermal conductivity ranging from 0.04 to 0.3 Kcal/m. hr. .degree.C. (at 200.degree. C.) as a heat insulating property and a contraction coefficient of up to 45% under a pressure of 50 Kg/cm.sup.2 as a mechanical strength for supporting a mold.

Abstract: Spherulites are grown in such sections as neck, neck end, and bottom center or bottom periphery of a hollow bottle-shaped container of biaxially oriented-blow molded polyethylene terephthalate where the resin is not substantially subjected to orientation, thereby to improve the thermal resistance, stiffness and content resistance of such sections to almost the same extent as the biaxially oriented sections of the container such as shoulder and cylindrical sections thereof. The aforesaid sections of the preformed piece before being blow-molded or of the blow-molded container where the resin is not substantially subjected to orientation are first heated at 120.degree.-180.degree. C. for 3-8 minutes and then annealed at room temperature, with a result that such sections have a spherulite texture of an increased density and are opacified to white or milky white.

Abstract: Film of a wholly aromatic polyamide, at least 85% of the repeating units of which are meta-phenylene isophthalamide units, which is undrawn and noncrystalline and which has improved impact strength. Such film is made by heat-treating film of the polyamide which is undrawn and noncrystalline at 400.degree. to 300.degree. C. for from 2 seconds to 2 minutes while maintaining the film at constant length and width permitting it to shrink by at most 20% in each of the length and width.

Abstract: A polyimide semipermeable membrane is prepared by the process comprising the steps of:preparing a solution of a polyimide material consisting essentially of at least one aromatic polyimide comprising at least 90 molar % of at least one recurring unit of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R represents a divalent aromatic radical, in a solvent consisting of at least one phenol compound in the state of a liquid or melt;forming a thin layer of the polyimide solution, and;coagulating the thin layer of the polyimide solution by bringing the thin layer into contact with a coagulating liquid to form a semipermeable membrane.