Abstract: A method and system of measuring deflected doctor blade angle and loading force of an arrangement including a doctor apparatus operating in connection with a rotating cylinder, the apparatus having a doctor blade and a support member which pivots about at least one pivot point in response to an externally applied force for applying the doctor blade to a contact point on the cylinder. The arrangement corresponds to a kinematic model of linkages including a first link defined between the at least one pivot point and the contact point, a second link defined between the contact point and the center of the cylinder, and a third link defined between the center of the cylinder and the at least one pivot point.

Abstract: A method of making a bonded and creped type absorbent paper web that has improved bulk to peel strength characteristics includes steps of (a) printing a low density pattern of a bonding material onto a first and a second side of a paper web; and (b) in no particular sequence with respect to step (a), printing a high density pattern of a bonding material onto the first side of the paper web. Steps (a) and (b) are performed so that the high density pattern of bonding material penetrates into the paper web by a distance that is about 166 to about 470 percent of the distance by which the low density pattern of bonding material penetrates into the web. This results in a web that has superior bulk and peel strength characteristics. Another characteristic of the product is that it has a visible depression pattern in one surface, but not the other surface, which creates an attractive aesthetic effect and has functional benefits as well.

Abstract: A method of forming a polymer-reinforced paper which includes preparing an aqueous suspension of fibers, at least about 50 percent, by dry weight, of which are cellulosic fibers; distributing the suspension on a forming wire; removing water from the distributed suspension to form a paper; and treating the paper thus formed with a polymer-reinforcing medium which contains a bulking agent to give the polymer-reinforced paper. The treatment of the paper is adapted to provide in the polymer-reinforced paper from about 15 to about 70 percent, by weight, of bulking agent, based on the dry weight of the cellulosic fibers in the paper. Alternatively, the bulking agent can be added to a polymer-reinforced paper after it has been formed. In certain embodiments, the bulking agent is a polyhydric alcohol. In other embodiments, the bulking agent is a polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight in the range of from about 100 to about 1,500.

Abstract: The present invention relates to biaxially undulatory single-ply and multi-ply tissues, single-ply and multi-ply towels, single-ply and multi-ply napkins and other personal care and cleaning products as well as novel creping blades and novel processes for the manufacture of such paper products. The present invention is directed to tissue and towel product having highly desirable bulk, appearance and softness characteristics produced by utilizing a novel undulatory creping blade having a multiplicity of serrulations formed in its rake surface which presents differentiated creping angles and/or rake angles to the web as it is being creped. The invention is also directed to a novel blade having an undulatory rake surface having trough-shaped serrulations in the rake surface of the blade. The undulatory creping blade has a multiplicity of alternating serrulated sections of either uniform depth or a multiplicity of arrays of serrulations having non-uniform depth.

Abstract: A creping adhesive is described which provides the ability to readily control glass transition temperature (Tg) and adhesion and which can be easily removed from dryer surfaces. The creping adhesive contains a crosslinkable polymer and preferably an ionic crosslinking agent such as metal cations having a valence of three or more.

Abstract: A method of creping a paper is described which comprises applying to the creping drum prior to the application of the paper web to be creped, a synthetic anionic polymer.

Abstract: Glyoxylated vinyl amide polymers in combination with polyols provide improved adhesive coating agents for Yankee Dryers.

Abstract: Improved creping compositions comprising glyoxylated vinylamide polymers in combination with polyvinyl alcohol are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of forming a chain of meandering or zig-zag coupling elements for slide fasteners includes dividing or bifurcating a continuous length of substantially cross-sectionally circular monofilamentary material axially into identical halves of substantially semi-circular cross-section immediately prior to introduction to a forming apparatus. The identical halves may be provisionally joined together to provide a cross-sectionally circular monofilament and divided back into respective halves immediately prior to formation thereof into respective rows of coupling elements for slide fasteners.

Abstract: A microcreping process is improved by using a razor sharp retarder blade positioned such that its razor edge is overlapped by either the primary blade or a back-up blade, whichever extends the furthest downstream. Preferably, pressure is applied to the primary blade through one or more back-up blades arranged in a stepwise configuration.

Abstract: A creping adhesive formulation comprising 10-100% by weight of a polymer or copolymer having a Tg greater than 50.degree. C.

Abstract: Addition of a phosphate salt to creping adhesive composition comprising a water soluble binder increases operational efficiency.

Abstract: Microcreping apparatus has an assembly of superposed sheet members which are pressed by presser means against a surface of a material being treated to compress the material against the surface of a drive roll preliminary to engagement of the material with a retarding means. The sheet member assembly is supported as a cantilever by holder means to which at least the primary and outer sheet members of the assembly are connected by a plurality of pins on the holder means received in slots in the connected superposed sheet members spaced inwardly across the path of travel of the material adjacent the rearward edge of the sheet members. The slots extend transversely of the direction of travel of the material and have sufficient clearance from the pins to permit movement thereof relative to the pins corresponding to local expansion or contraction of the respective sheet members under heating and cooling respectively.

Abstract: An improved wettable creping adhesive comprises an aqueous admixture of polyvinyl alcohol and a water-soluble thermoplastic polyamide resin comprising the reaction product of a polyalkylene polyamine, a saturated aliphatic dibasic carboxylic acid, and a poly(oxyethylene) diamine.

Abstract: Two or more webs (11 and 12) of highly bulked substrate are passed into a nip formed between a gravure roller (14) and an impression roller (15). The impression roller has raised areas defining an interconnected network of lines such that the webs are compressed only under the raised areas; as a result, the binding liquid applied by the gravure roller (14) to the laminate of the two webs is absorbed substantially through the webs in the compressed areas. The gravure roller (14) may have a uniform surface, such that a light coating of binding liquid is applied to the surface of the uncompressed areas in the laminate, or the gravure roller may have a pattern of etched grooves or cells which matches and registers with the pattern of raised areas on the impression roller. In the latter embodiment, binding liquid will be absorbed into the laminate only in the compressed areas.

Abstract: A thin polyolefine based film, having a thickness of from about 15 to about 200 microns, which is perfectly non-transparent in spite of its low thickness. The film is composed of polyolefine as a homopolymer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and a pigment filler such as titanium dioxide as rutile, and aluminium powder. Color pigments and dispersing agents may also be present. The film is made by extrusion. It is used for table-clothes, book covers, protective sheets, wallpaper decoration, and, in pleated state, for flowerpot covers.

Abstract: A web (12) of highly bulked substrate is passed into a nip formed between a gravure roller (14) and an impression roller (15). The impression roller has raised areas defining an interconnected network of lines such that the web is compressed only under the raised areas; as a result, the binding liquid applied by the gravure roller (14) to the web is absorbed substantially through the web in the compressed areas. The gravure roller (14) may have a uniform surface, such that a light coating of binding liquid is applied to the surface of the uncompressed areas in the web, or the gravure roller may have a pattern of etched grooves or cells which matches and registers with the pattern of raised areas on the impression roller. In the latter embodiment, binding liquid will be absorbed into the web only in the compressed areas.

Abstract: A creping adhesive comprising an aqueous admixture of polyvinyl alcohol and a water-soluble, thermosetting, cationic polyamide resin provides increased adhesion in the manufacture of creped wadding.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a construction element, in particular containing plaster, in a plate which includes reinforcements distributed throughout the greater part of its thickness, such that along lines parallel to the sides of the plate, the reinforcements are concentrated in predetermined zone of the thickness and the plaster is removed plumb with these lines which may thus become folding lines to achieve a non-planar element. The invention also concerns a process and apparatus for manufacturing these construction elements. The invention applies, in particular, to the manufacture of U-shaped plasterboard panels for use in ceilings and in building structures.

Abstract: In the commercial production of tissue paper and the like a web, formed from a slurry of water and fiber, is creped while essentially (98%) dry, from a rotating cylindrical dryer. Adhesives are frequently employed to hold the web to the dryer surface and polyvinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer emulsions serve this function. Such adhesives are relatively soft, tend to adhere to the fabrics which carry the paper web to the dryer surface and tend to make cleaning of the carrying fabric difficult. Additionally, these adhesives tend to cause blocking of the tissue paper when in roll form and adjacent plies of the paper tend to be torn upon separation.

Abstract: A fibrous web is uniformly adhered to the surface of a smooth creping cylinder or other creping surface without causing substantial compression of the web. A raised pattern is pressed into the web toward the creping cylinder to cause the portions of the web that are pressed to adhere more strongly to the creping surface, while the portions of the web that are not pressed remain more lightly adhered to the creping surface. The web is creped from the creping surface with a creping blade, and the resulting product has a pattern creped appearance wherein the portions of the web that are pressed are finely creped while the portions of the web that were not so pressed are coarsely creped.

Abstract: A layered material for linings or coatings is made of a paste consisting principally of wood powder having a fineness similar to flour and vinylic glue, said paste being convertible into a foil by rolling cylinders, a press or other means.The layered material may be engraved, printed, painted or may withstand any finishing work as wood.To engrave or emboss the layered material an embossing belt or an embossing cylinder can be employed.To manufacture the embossing cylinder a method is disclosed in which even the model itself which has to be imitated can be used as matrix for the cylinder.

Abstract: Method of manufacture of a hand-towel strip to be used in roll form in an automatic distributor with re-winding of the used portion, wherein a composite web comprising a flexible grid covered on each face with a layer of cellulose wadding, is dry creped and said creping is completely removed by stretching the composite web to a length superior to its initial length.

Abstract: Mechanical creping of fibrous webs is improved by employing two creping adhesives applied at different points in the papermaking process and having relatively different adhesive properties for adhering the web to the creping surface. The process crepes the web from a conventional creping surface by applying a layer of a first creping adhesive directly onto the creping surface while applying a second creping adhesive to the web, followed by pressing the web onto the already formed layer of first creping adhesive and then creping the web from the creping surface.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a dry-formed, adhesively bonded, nonwoven fibrous sheet and the fibrous sheet formed thereby.

Abstract: A fabric containing thermoplastic fibers is simultaneously printed with a first pattern in a sublimable or vaporizable dye and embossed or surface textured with a second pattern, without substantial effect on the printing of the first pattern, by the application of heat and pressure to a stack comprising a heat transfer printing sheet bearing a vaporizable or sublimable dye in the first pattern, an embossing sheet of material permeable to said dye and having no affinity or retention properties therefor and having a second pattern formed in relief in at least one surface thereof, and a sheet of fabric to be printed and embossed. The printing and embossing sheets may be combined into a unitary sheet, and the embossing sheet may include a dye trap such as an emulsion or solution of an acrylic resin disposed in a third pattern.

Abstract: The method of the invention consists of forming a web of substantially planar-aligned fibers, applying a surface disposition of bonding material to one side of the web to penetrate only part way through the web in order to form a first surface region having the surface bonding material and a central core region free from the surface bonding material and bounded on the side opposite the first surface region by a second surface region, applying a penetrating disposition of bonding material to one side of the web in a fine, spaced-apart pattern which occupies less area in the plane of the web than the surface bonding material in the first surface region and penetrates through the central core region to connect the first and second surface regions together, and creping the web to decrease the fiber concentration in the central core region to less than that in the first surface region.