Abstract: Fused abrasive particles comprising eutectic material. The fused abrasive particles can be incorporated into abrasive products such as coated abrasives, bonded abrasives, non-woven abrasives, and abrasive brushes.

Abstract: Fused, crystalline eutectic material comprising Al2O3-rare earth oxide-ZrO2 eutectic. Examples of useful articles comprising the fused eutectic material include fibers and abrasive particles.

Abstract: Fused, crystalline eutectic material comprising aluminum oxycarbide/nitride-Al2O3.rare earth oxide eutectics. Examples of useful articles comprising the fused eutectic material include fibers and abrasive particles.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a building material includes the steps of directing molten volcanic magma from an underwater volcanic magna vent to a level above seal level via a tube formed from the magma, directing the molten volcanic magma into a mold located on a floating barge or located on land, and cooling the magma in the mold to form a building material. As an alternative to obtaining the magma from an underwater vent, the molten volcanic magma can be obtained from a vent on land, a lava pool or stream, tapping a lava tube, or the like. The molten volcanic magma can be cast, molded, formed, extruded, flossed, stranded, foamed and used as a heat source to produce harbor works, floors, walls, roofs, pipe, flotation, barges, vessels, insulation, fiber reinforcing and electricity.

Abstract: A composite laminate or layer structure includes a substrate (2) and a cover layer (4) bonded thereon. The substrate is made up of at least one layer (3) of fiber-reinforced synthetic material. The cover layer includes at least one layer (5) of metal fibers and/or threads (6), and a metal sheet (7) forming the outer surface skin (8) of the layer structure. The metal sheet is bonded by soldering or sintering onto the metal fibers and/or threads (6), while the layer of metal fibers and/or threads in turn is bonded to the underlying fiber-reinforced synthetic material (3) by being mutually and integrally permeated by a synthetic resin matrix and bonding material. Also, the metal fibers and/or threads (6) may be intermeshed with the fibers of the synthetic material (3).

Abstract: Ceramic sintered bodies having a different thickness along a predetermined axial direction are manufactured in the following manner. At first, a ceramic formed body to be sintered having different thickness along the predetermined axial direction is accommodated in a hot press apparatus. An upper forming mold and a lower forming mold each having a forming surface corresponding to an upper surface and a lower surface of the ceramic formed body to be sintered are set. A pressure along the predetermined axial direction is applied to the ceramic formed body to be sintered via the upper forming mold and the lower forming mold while heating the ceramic formed body to be sintered to perform a hot press sintering thereof. A thickness of a ceramic sintered body is controlled in such a manner that a maximum thickness in the predetermined direction is not more than two times a minimum thickness in the predetermined direction.

Abstract: Method for loading ceramic moulds presenting a die plate having at least one forming cavity in which a die is slidingly received, comprising the following operative steps for each complete loading cycle: preparing a powder layer at least the upper part of which has properties conforming to the required aesthetic characteristics of the exposed face of the tile; transferring said layer to above said at least one forming cavity; depositing into said at least one cavity a powder layer having a thickness greater than that necessary to obtain the desired tile thickness, and before pressing removing, by suction, the surface layer of the powder contained in the mould cavity, without appreciable mixing of the powder present at the interface between the surface layer and the underlying material.

Abstract: Method for loading ceramic moulds presenting a die plate having at least one forming cavity in which a die is slidingly received, comprising the following operative steps for each complete loading cycle: preparing a powder layer at least the upper part of which has properties conforming to the required aesthetic characteristics of the exposed face of the tile; transferring said layer to above said at least one forming cavity; depositing into said at least one cavity a powder layer having a thickness greater than that necessary to obtain the desired tile thickness, and before pressing removing, by a mechanical cutting action with simultaneous removal of the thus separated material, the surface layer of the powder contained in the mould cavity, without appreciable mixing of the powder present at the interface between the surface layer and the underlying layer.

Abstract: Fused, crystalline eutectic material comprising aluminum oxycarbide/nitride-Al2O3.Y2O3 eutectics. Examples of useful articles comprising the fused eutectic material include fibers and abrasive particles.

Abstract: Fused abrasive particles comprising eutectic material. The fused abrasive particles can be incorporated into abrasive products such as coated abrasives, bonded abrasives, non-woven abrasives, and abrasive brushes.

Abstract: The present invention is a low density hybrid airfoil comprising a temperature resistant exterior layer and a tough, high impact resistant interior layer. Specifically, the airfoil comprises a monolithic ceramic exterior layer and a fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite interior layer. Both the monolithic ceramic and fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite are low density materials. Additionally, the monolithic ceramic is a high temperature resistant material, and the fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite is a relatively high impact resistant structure. Encapsulating the airfoil with a temperature resistant exterior layer protects the airfoil in a high temperature environment, and supporting the airfoil with a high impact resistant, fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite improves the overall impact resistance of the airfoil thereby resulting in a tough, high temperature resistant, low density airfoil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a diamond composite from diamond particles, comprising the steps of forming a work piece, heating the work piece and controlling the heating temperature and heating time so that a certain desired amount of graphite is created by graphitization of diamond particles, thereby creating an intermediate body, and infiltrating silicon or silicon alloy into the intermediate body. The invention also relates to a diamond composite produced by this method.

Abstract: A non-toxic, fire-retardant building material can be made on site, largely from available materials, without special tools or processes. The material cures through natural evaporation, without the application of artificial heat. The cured material has been tested to withstand a direct flame in excess of 1500° C. and is durable as most lightweight aggregate materials of similar thickness when formed into a structural panel or product. The material may be diluted by water as it is mixed and is suitable for spray application. The material has been successfully used as an exterior wall coating or a roof coating and has shown very desirable increase in “R” factor insulation ratings as well as providing a good fire retardant layer.

Abstract: The invention comprehends a silicon nitride sintered body having consistent qualities, a process for producing the same, a ceramic heater employing the silicon nitride sintered body as a substrate and a glow plug containing the ceramic heater as a heat source. In the production of a silicon nitride sintered body through a hot press method, a sintering aid protecting agent is added to the raw material. The employable protecting agents are metallic elements such as Ta, W and Mo and compounds of the metallic elements such as nitrides and silicides. Conversion of these elements and compounds to carbides occurs preferentially to reduction of the sintering aid. Thus, it becomes possible to suppress reduction of the sintering aid in a reducing atmosphere formed, for example, of carbon monoxide, which is generated particularly when a graphite pressing die is employed.

Abstract: The invention provides ceramic molded solid articles and methods for making these articles on the micron scale. Articles are molded from ceramic precursors, optionally using molds including at least one portion that is elastomeric.

Abstract: Ceramic sintered bodies having a different thickness along a predetermined axial direction are manufactured in the following manner. At first, a ceramic formed body to be sintered having different thickness along the predetermined axial direction is accommodated in a hot press apparatus. An upper forming mold and a lower forming mold each having a forming surface corresponding to an upper surface and a lower surface of the ceramic formed body to be sintered are set. A pressure along the predetermined axial direction is applied to the ceramic formed body to be sintered via the upper forming mold and the lower forming mold while heating the ceramic formed body to be sintered to perform a hot press sintering thereof. A thickness of a ceramic sintered body in such a manner that a maximum thickness in the predetermined direction is not two times larger or more than a minimum thickness in the predetermined direction.

Abstract: A process for controlling and thus predicting the microstructural bias of multi-phase composites to obtain preferential positioning of the component compounds in their morphology and position in the resulting microstructure to cause the grains of a first phase either to locate at the grain boundaries of a second phase, or to be homogeneously distributed in the second phase using both conventional manually mixing and advanced self-propagating high-temperature processing technologies. A process whereby a lower cost composite material performs comparably to a more expensive monolithic nature of higher performance material by causing the higher performance first phase grains to preferentially locate at the grain boundaries of the second phase during densification/fusing. A process to optimize the performance properties by preferentially biasing the microstructure to cause the phase which intrinsically has the preferred properties to influence and enhance the desired properties of the bulk composite material.

Abstract: A method of producing mullite fibers by inviscid melt spinning includes providing mullite and excess silicate, melting the mullite at a temperature of 1800-2500° C., and extruding the mullite through an orifice. Apparatus for carrying out the method preferably includes a boron nitride (BN) crucible and an argon atmosphere, with a melt temperature of around 2000° C., and a spinning pressure of around 276 kPa (40 psi).

Abstract: Ceramic sintered bodies having a different thickness along a predetermined axial direction are manufactured in the following manner. At first, a ceramic formed body to be sintered having different thickness along the predetermined axial direction is accommodated in a hot press apparatus. An upper forming mold and a lower forming mold each having a forming surface corresponding to an upper surface and a lower surface of the ceramic formed body to be sintered are set. A pressure along the predetermined axial direction is applied to the ceramic formed body to be sintered via the upper forming mold and the lower forming mold while heating the ceramic formed body to be sintered to perform a hot press sintering thereof. A thickness of a ceramic sintered body in such a manner that a maximum thickness in the predetermined direction is not two times larger or more than a minimum thickness in the predetermined direction.

Abstract: A ceramic composition (sample) includes CaBi4Ti4O15 or another compound having a layered perovskite crystal structures and exhibiting ferroelectricity at ordinary temperature. The ceramic composition (sample) is then heated to a temperature higher than the melting point of the ceramic composition to make the ceramic composition molten or semi-molten. The ceramic composition is then annealed and solidified to yield a grain oriented ceramic (porcelain). This process can produce grain oriented ceramics from ceramic compositions mainly containing a compound having a layered perovskite crystal structure, and can improve electromechanical coefficients of piezoelectric ceramics containing a compound having a layered perovskite crystal structure.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a building material includes the steps of directing molten volcanic magma from an underwater volcanic magma vent to a level above sea level via a tube formed from the magma; directing the molten volcanic magma into a mold on a floating barge; cooling the magma in the mold to form a building material; and removing the building material from the mold. The tube is formed by lowering a cap assembly over an underwater flowing volcanic magma vent and raising the cap such that the magam solidifies inside the cap perimeter where it is cold.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for manufacturing curved scintillation crystal detector plates uses hot forging of crystal material. Crystal material is brought to a temperature between its plastic temperature and its melting temperature, and it is pressed between a pair of dies having curved pressing surfaces. The heated crystal material may be a freshly-drawn ingot of crystal material, and the method for producing curved plates may include cutting the hot-forged ingot into individual plates.

Abstract: A composite and monolithic refractory structure, particularly adapted for making furnaces for glassmaking or the like, constituted by a block-shaped component made of electro-cast refractory material based on oxides of aluminum, zirconium, silicon, and the like, having shapes and dimensions that are adapted for its uses, inside which at least one protective element is monolithically inserted; the protective element is highly resistant to the attack of molten glass baths or the like and is chosen among metals, noble metals, refractory metals, refractory materials, conventional and non-conventional ceramic materials, such as carbides, nitrides, borides, and the like, or graphite-based materials, alloys and/or compounds and/or composites thereof; the element is provided substantially in the shape of a plate that is shaped and sized so as to have a profile that is similar to the peripheral profile of the refractory block and is arranged, inside the block, so that its surfaces are located at, and proximate to, the

Abstract: Iron-rich material waste products, such as electric arc furnace dust, are formed with an organic binder into discrete shapes, such as briquettes and/or other solid shapes. The shapes can then be used in iron and steel making processes and the iron and heavy metal values in the waste product recovered.

Abstract: An improved materials transporting element useful for transporting materials in sliding contact with a ware plate, for instance in materials feeder equipment, has a high precision, durable, wear and abrasion resistant sliding surface. The transporting element may have a tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramic sliding surface for reciprocal sliding contact with the ware plate having a zirconia-alumina sliding surface. Alternatively, the transporting element may have a zirconia-alumina ceramic composite sliding surface with the ware plate having a tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramic sliding surface.

Abstract: A method is used for manufacturing a seamless tubular member by a plastic and metal powder mixture. A liquid DOP material is added into the plastic and metal powder mixture so as to soften the metal powder material and so as to decrease the melting point of the metal powder material to a melting point closer to that of the plastic material. The plastic and metal powder mixture and the liquid DOP solution material are disposed in a container of a protruding mechanism and are heated to a temperature greater than the melting point of the plastic material so as to melt the metal powder material and the plastic material simultaneously. The melted plastic and metal mixture is then injected into a mold cavity so as to form the seamless tubular member.

Abstract: A method of making an article which includes a suboxide of titanium, the method involving binding Magneli phase powder into the shape of an article and subjecting the bonded shape to heat treatment including the step of controlling the temperature and pressure of the heat treatment so that the heat treated article is substantially corrosion resistant and non-wicking in use.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing large polycrystalline plates from optical and scintillation materials consists in heating a crystalline blank up to the temperature of 0,5T.sub.melt. <T<T.sub.melt., where T.sub.melt. -melting temperature of the starting material, as well as thermomechanical deformation by means of profiled surface up to the double thickness of the plate to be obtained, after which the blank is deformed again at the same temperature using flat-parallel surface till the specified thickness. Such technology provides the obtaining of large polycrystalline plates of the specified geometrical form with the necessary sizes.

Abstract: The invention aims to offer a method to manufacture a high-strength, high-reliability and low cost silicon nitride based sintered body which is not affected by the amount of metal impurities contained in the silicon nitride powder, without using high-purity silicon nitride powder, and can be sintered for a short sintering time. The invention uses silicon nitride and sintering aids, and the powder mixture containing 500-5000 ppm metal impurities is sintered at temperatures ranging from 1300.degree.-1900.degree. C., and under the conditions wherein the product of sintering temperature and sintering time ranges from 1.times.10.sup.5 to 10.times.10.sup.5 .degree. C. .multidot.seconds.

Abstract: A process and device for producing an optically pure polycrystalline salt body by melting a starting material for the salt and then introducing the melted material into a casting mould having a base which is kept at a temperature of 1.degree. C. to 50.degree. C. below the melting point of the material to form a solid crust on the base and then solidifying the entire melt to form the polycrystalline salt body.

Abstract: A method for preparing a ceramic article, the method comprising the steps of:1) compacting a mixture of particulate zirconium diboride and a zirconium oxide or zirconium oxide alloy or composite thereof which results in the formation of a block and2) sintering the block in a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen to form a ceramic with a core comprising zirconia and a shell comprising zirconium nitride.

Abstract: A method of producing magnetic soft ferrite of the general formula: M.sub.x Zn.sub.1-x O.Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 (M stands for one or more of Cu, Mn, Ni, Fe, Co and Mg; and X is in the range of 0.4-0.7) by melting and casting is disclosed. Melting is carried out under controlling evaporation of Zn-component in the material of the ferrite by disposing Zn-source around the material, sealing up the melting chamber as tight as possible, or under a pressurized gas atmosphere so as to obtain the product having uniform and precise composition.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for making metal oxide sputtering targets from volatile and thermally unstable metal oxide powder by enveloping the metal oxide powder in at least one layer of a barrier material while the powder is hot-pressed using a graphite die assembly.

Abstract: A process for consolidating a composite material comprises the steps of forming a workpiece including a matrix interspersed with fibers, supporting the workpiece by an electrically conductive support, inductively heating the support and thereby conductively heating the workpiece, and applying pressure to the heated workpiece. We apply the pressure by passing the support and workpiece through spaced rolls. To keep the workpiece from sticking to the support (i.e., the mandrel), we use boron nitride as a release agent.

Abstract: The invention includes a process for producing a reaction bonded silicon carbide composite reinforced with coated silicon carbide fibers which is suitable for high temperature applications. The process includes the steps of coating SiC fibers with AlN, BN or TiB.sub.2 ; treating the coated fibers with a mixture of SiC powder, water and a surfactant; preparing a slurry comprising SiC powder and water; infiltrating the coated fibers with the slurry to form a cast; drying the cast to form a green body; and reaction bonding the green body to form a dense SiC fiber reinforced reaction bonded matrix composite.The invention further includes a SiC fiber reinforced SiC composite comprising a reaction bonded SiC matrix, a SiC fiber reinforcement possessing thermal stability at high temperatures and an interface coating on the fibers having chemical and mechanical compatibility with the SiC matrix and with the SiC fibers.

Abstract: A process for making a hybrid ceramic article is disclosed. The process involves embedding an array of refractory ceramic tiles in a fiber reinforced glass-ceramic matrix composite substrate. The hybrid ceramic article so formed exhibits high thermal stability and elevated temperature load-bearing ability.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for producing a self-supporting ceramic body by oxidation of a molten precursor metal with a vapor-phase oxidant to form an oxidation reaction product and inducing a molten flux comprising said molten precursor metal through said oxidation reaction product. A second metal is incorporated into said molten flux during the oxidation reaction. The resulting ceramic body includes sufficient second metal such that one or more properties of said ceramic body are at least partially affected by the presence and properties of said second metal in the metallic constituent.

Abstract: Method of improving the toughness of SiC-based ceramics. SiC, , AlN, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and optionally .alpha.-Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 are hot pressed to form a material which includes AlN polytypoids within its structure.

Abstract: A plastic material composed of silicon carbide powder, polycarbosilane, organic solvent, and optionally boron compounds and/or other additives, preferably porosity agents; and the use of this plastic composition for producing shaped parts and semi-finished products by plastic shaping.

Abstract: Polyhedral .alpha.-alumina particles having a particle size on the order of a micrometer and high purity are prepared by maintaining a compression molded aluminum material having, on its surface, a binary compound of aluminum and oxygen atoms or a ternary compound of aluminum, oxygen and hydrogen atoms in an aluminum melt.

Abstract: A powder molding press a die plate provided with a die having a die hole, a punch device to be inserted into the die hole and a hydraulic cylinder device attached to the punch device for driving the same, the hydraulic cylinder device being arranged coaxially with the punch device. A movable punch plate may be disposed on one side of the die plate in parallel thereto with a predetermined space and a punch adapter for securing the punch device to the punch plate may be also disposed. The punch device includes a plurality of punches disposed axially in series.

Abstract: Method for producing an elongated sintered article, characterized by the steps including filling powder material in a pipe, carrying out plastic deformation of the pipe filled with the powder material, and heating the pipe filled with the powder material to burn and/or sinter the powder material.The method of the present invention is advantageously applicable to production of wire or rod of ceramics, particularly so called new ceramics or fine ceramics, sintered alloys or their combination, which are difficult of shaping or moulding by conventional process such as wire-drawing, rolling or extrusion of powder material and are difficult of machining or processing after the powder material is sintered.

Abstract: A process for the production of abrasive materials by pouring molten abrasive material into the spaces between plates of an assembly of moving cooling plates. The pour is followed by solidification and removal of the poured material (and size reduction of the removed material). The plates are maintained parallel and vertical throughout the pouring, solidification and removal steps, the latter being accomplished by separation of the plates by a conversion wheel. The motion of the plates is then reversed by the wheel to reassemble the plates for a new cycle of pour, solidification and removal.

Abstract: A method of producing a patterned shaped article includes the steps of disposing at a prescribed position within a main form for molding the shaped article a projection-bristling form having a support member and a plurality of projections standing upright from the support member, charging a prescribed amount of dry pattern-course material for forming the pattern course of the shaped article into spaces defined by a prescribed number of projections of the bristling form, charging a base-course material for forming the base course of the shaped article into the main form including the remaining space of the bristling form not filled with the pattern-course material, removing the bristling form, causing the charged pattern-course material and base-course material to set into a shaped article, removing the shaped article from the main form and, optionally, sintering the shaped article.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a novel directed metal oxidation process which is utilized to produce self-supporting bodies. In some of the more specific aspects of the invention, a parent metal (e.g., a parent metal vapor) is induced to react with at least one solid oxidant-containing material to result in the directed growth of a reaction product which is formed from a reaction between the parent metal and the solid oxidant-containing material. The inventive process can be utilized to form bodies having substantially homogeneous compositions, graded compositions, and macrocomposite bodies.

Abstract: A process for preparing a fiber reinforced, glass matrix composite article of manufacture. The process employs an aqueous wet-laid technique by forming a dilute aqueous slurry of solids comprising glass fibers, reinforcing fibers and binder material which may be partially or completely fibrous. The dilute aqueous slurry is destabilized and the solids are collected on a porous support means. They are then dewatered and dried to form the composite mat which can be hot-pressed into an article of manufacture. The hot-pressed article of manufacture may then be heated, in the absence of pressure, to a temperature above the softening point of the glass, but below the degradation temperature of the reinforcing fibers, to provide a lofted composite.

Abstract: A SrO-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -2SrO.sub.2 (SAS) glass ceramic matrix is reinforced with CVD SiC continuous fibers. This material is prepared by casting a slurry of SAS glass powder into tapes. Mats of continuous CVD-SiC fibers are alternately stacked with the matrix tapes.This tape-mat stack is warm-pressed to produce a "green" composite. Organic constituents are burned out of the "green" composite, and the remaining interim material is hot pressed.

Abstract: In a process for producing a high-temperature superconductor from oxides of bismuth, strontium, calcium, copper and optionally of lead and including sulfates of strontium and/or barium, the oxides of bismuth, strontium, calcium, copper and optionally of lead in the desired molar ratio, and from 2 to 30% by weight of strontium sulfate and/or from 1 to 20% by weight of barium sulfate, each calculated according to the mixture of the oxides, are mixed intimately, the mixture is melted in a crucible of a platinum metal at temperatures from 870.degree. to 1600.degree. C., the melt is poured into permanent molds of desired form and size and is allowed to solidify slowly therein, and the moldings produced are freed from the permanent mold material and are annealed for from 6 to 200 hours at temperatures from 700.degree. to 900.degree. C. in an oxygen-containing atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention essentially relates to a process for curing pipe insulation, including the employment of a two-part mold and the utilization of a device for the passage of curing air through the mold and through a pipe insulation preform which is arranged around a core disposed within the mold. The process for the curing of insulating chutes constituted of a fibrous materials, such as wool or the like, completely avoids the formation of any burrs which can conceivably be formed between interengaging and cooperating mold halves, one of which is a female and the other a complementary male component. A sharp and flexible leading edge in the male part is arranged to come into contact with the inner surface of the female part and to slide therealong before making contact with a preform for producing the pipe insulation, which is preferably a thermal wool material.

Abstract: To produce tubular molded parts made of high-temperature superconductor oxide material based on bismuth, calcium, strontium and copper, a homogeneous melt of the oxide with a specified stoichiometry is allowed to run at temperatures of 900.degree. to 1100.degree. C. into a casting zone rotating about its horizontal axis. The solidified molded part is removed from the casting zone and it is annealed for 4 to 150 hours at 700.degree. to 900.degree. C. in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. A plant for producing tubular molded parts includes a rotatably arranged mold (4, 9) which is provided at least at one end face with a front plate 6 which reduces its free cross section, a runner 7 extending into the interior of the mold (4, 9) and a crucible 8 arranged above the runner 7 which is capable of feeding the runner 7 with melt (cf. FIG. 2 A).