Abstract: Thin polymer films containing small sized platelet type filler. The polymer has a melt index of from 0.01 to 10 grams per 10 minutes at 190.degree. C. to 250.degree. C.as measured on ASTM Test No. D-1238 at a load of 1000 to 2160 grams. The preferred polymer is polycaprolactam or high density polyethylene. There is from 10 to 50 percent of a platelet filler having an average equivalent diameter of from 1 to 8 micrometers, a maximum equivalent diameter of about 25 micrometers, and an average thickness of less than 0.5 micrometers. The preferred filler is talc. The film is from 10 to 100 micrometers thick and can be a single ply or a laminate.

Abstract: A synthetic resin product contains various substances such as perfumes, insectifuges/insecticides, mold/mildew-proofing agents and anti-fungi agents which are inactivated by forming an inclusion compound thereof in cyclodextrin and coating them with glycitol(s) to thereby prolong the duration period of the substance. A process for the production of the same is further disclosed wherein the glycitol is provided in the form of reduced millet jelly or reduced cyclodextrin millet jelly.

Abstract: A die geometry which reduces the incidence or degree of melt fracture in the extrusion of linear polyethylene homopolymers and/or copolymers is described.

Abstract: A method of producing a thermoplastic foil with reduced thickness tolerances in which close to the head the temperatures of the mass flow emerging from the heat at various regions corresponding to tempering sectors are detected, the temperature measurements are averaged and the averages are used to form a set point value with which the individual averages are compared and the comparison used to generate a correction signal which is applied to the temperature controller of the respective sector.

Abstract: A method of producing biaxially oriented tubular polyetheretherketone films having good optical and mechanical properties and heat resistance, by rapidly quenching at a rate of at least 24.degree. C. per second an unoriented tubular polyetheretherketone film as melt-extruded through a circular die thereby imparting a crystallinity of not greater than 10% to the film, and continuously introducing the thus produced film into the space between a feed nip roll pair and a pull nip roll pair while reheating the film externally to a temperature of 60.degree.-140.degree. C. and allowing the film to expand under the influence of the internal pressure to an areal draw ratio of 4-36, to thereby attain biaxial orientation.

Abstract: A shipping sack having walls formed of uni-axially oriented linear low density polyethylene film wherein said film is produced by blowing and cold drawing said polyethylene at a draw ratio to blow ratio of greater than 1:1, preferably, between 2:1 and 5:1. The sack can be used as a tubular shipping sack for bulky, lightweight material or, if optionally provided with a double inner film of low density polyethylene, as a heavy duty sack. The sacks have improved physical properties.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for the extrusion of linear low density polyolefins. The apparatus comprises an extruder die including a cylindrically shaped central opening; and a die pin held within the central opening and forming, with the extruder die, an extrusion inlet and an extrusion outlet. The extruder die and the die pin also form a relaxation zone to receive a polyolefin conducted through the extrusion inlet and to relieve stresses in the polyolefin; a compression zone to receive the polyolefin from the relaxation zone and to compress the polyolefin into a tubular shaped film; and a stabilization zone to receive the polyolefin from the compression zone, to stabilize the shape of the tubular film, and to conduct the tubular film to the extrusion outlet.

Abstract: A polymeric film having preferential one-sided cling is prepared from a relatively crystalline polymer such as a copolymer of ethylene and an .alpha.-olefin having at least 3 carbon atoms, e.g., 1-octene (linear low density polyethylene); a relatively amorphous polymer such as low density polyethylene and a tackifying polymer such as a low molecular weight polybutene by extruding a film of the blend at melt temperatures and subsequently cooling the two sides of the extruded film at different rates.In addition to preferential one-sided cling, a film of a low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene and a low molecular weight polybutene which exhibits excellent film strengths and high resistance to tear, particularly in the cross direction, is prepared.

Abstract: Vinylidene fluoride polymer films are provided having improved dielectric constants and tan .delta. values and which do not exhibit substantial shrinkage when heated to temperatures below the crystalline melt point. Processes for preparation of such films are presented.

Abstract: Apparatus for flattening and withdrawing blown continuous plastic tubular film issuing from a stationary film-blowing head. At least two deflecting rollers are provided for deflecting the tubular film through about 180.degree., and at least two turning rods are also provided for deflecting the tubular film through about 180.degree. and for effecting a simultaneous change in direction. The deflecting rollers and turning rods are disposed in alternation behind each other between squeeze rolls and a pair of rotatable feed rolls, and are mounted on supports which are pivotally movable relative to each other in side arms that include track grooves to permit the deflecting rollers and turning rods to be movable in inward and outward directions, relative to the axis of rotation of the flattening plates, and are adapted to be retained in their inner and outer positions. The deflecting rollers and turning rods are initially at opposite ends of their respective track grooves for start up purposes.

Abstract: Beautifying patterns on the surface of extruded polymer products are produced by forcing molten polymer through a die which is coated with a controlled pattern of low surface energy material. Melt fracture of the polyethylene as it emerges from the die is produced at gaps in the coating material which may be silicon, inorganic or fluorine containing polymers.

Abstract: A blown-foil tube is flattened between a pair of frames having ladder arrays of flattening elements in respective assemblies spaced along the path of the tube. Each assembly has a wood bar element and a roller element on a pair of plates pivotally mounted on the frame so that one or the other element can be selectively presented to the tube.

Abstract: A method for reducing the incidence of lensing in films formed from a granular linear low density ethylene hydrocarbon copolymer resin by substituting silica alumina ceramic microspheres for all or part of the inorganic antiblock agent normally used in said compositions.

Abstract: The method of making flexible plastic bags with integral pressure interlocking rib and groove elements on the confronting top edges, comprises the steps of extruding a continuous tube with pairs of closely spaced interlocking elements on the surface of the tube, the total pairs being a multiple of 2 with at least 4 pairs on the tube, slitting the tube lengthwise between profiles of alternate pairs, and folding the tube between each adjacent pair and bringing the profile adjacent the slit over onto the closest profile of the pair which has not been slit.

Abstract: The present invention is a process to form a composition comprising from 5 to 50% by weight and preferably from 10 to 30% by weight polycaprolactam and from 50 to 95% by weight and preferably 70 to 90% by weight poly(hexamethylene adipamide). The process comprises heating the composition to from 440.degree. to 505.degree. F. and preferably 450.degree. to 485.degree. F. The preferred forming process is to form the composition into a film.

Abstract: A process and apparatus as provided for substantially eliminating surface melt fracture during extrusion of a thermoplastic polymer such as a molten narrow molecular weight distribution, linear, ethylene copolymer, by using a die having a die land region defining opposing surfaces at least one of which is fabricated from an alloy containing 5 to 95 parts by weight zinc and 95 to 5 parts by weight of copper.

Abstract: Melt fracture of films made from LLDPE resins is reduced by using a die having a die land region fabricated from stainless steel and wherein the length of the die land to the width of the die gap is about 35:1 to about 60:1.

Abstract: Biaxially oriented tubular articles which are destined to provide bodies for processable food containers are made from an elongate tube of thermoplastics material as it emerges from an extruder.

Abstract: Ethylene polymer blends of a high molecular weight ethylene polymer, preferably an ethylene-mono-1-olefin copolymer, and a low molecular weight ethylene polymer preferably an ethylene homopolymer, both preferably with narrow molecular weight distribution and low levels of long chain branching exhibit excellent film properties and good environmental stress crack behavior superior to that expected for polyethylene of comparable density and melt flow. These resins are useful for the manufacture of film or in blow molding techniques, the production of pipes and wire coating.

Abstract: A composition for shrinkable film which excels in heat-sealability, transparency, strength, and particularly low-temperature quick shrinking property and, therefore, suits production chiefly of packaging materials, a film made of the composition and a process for the manufacture of the film are disclosed. Specifically, the composition comprises one of the specific combinations of components (A), (B) and (C), i.e. the combinations of (A)+(B), (B)+(C) and (A)+(B)+(C), wherein (A) is non-rigid polyolefine resins such as ethylene vinyl acetate, (B) is an elastomer comprising a specific ethylene-.alpha.-olefine copolymer, and (C) is rigid polyolefin resins such as polypropylene.

Abstract: Equally biaxially oriented film is produced by extruding liquified polymer in tubular form, orienting the tubular film in the radial direction only and then either (1) equally orienting the radially oriented film in the longitudinal direction and drying the resultant equally biaxially oriented film while preventing any shrinkage thereof or (2) orienting the radially oriented film in the longitudinal direction to a degree less than said radial orientation but equal to the radial orientation remaining after the biaxially oriented film undergoes radial shrinkage upon drying thereof in the absence of radial shrinkage control and drying the resultant biaxially oriented film in the absence of radial shrinkage control.

Abstract: The preparation of monolayer blown nylon films on equipment conventionally used in the manufacture of blown polyethylene film is facilitated by the intimate admixture of a minor proportion by weight of a random ethylene/ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer into the nylon resin composition from which said blown nylon film is to be manufactured.

Abstract: Extrudable thermoplastic molding material for manufacturing plastic sheeting used in protective covers, especially for vehicles and parts thereof, characterized in that the extrudable thermoplastic molding material for the manufacture of plastic sheeting is a combination of different polyethylenes and olyamides consisting of1. at least 45% by weight of linear polyethylene (LLDPE),2. 10-50% by weight of high-pressure polyethylene (LDPE),3. 0.5-10% by weight of low-pressure polythylene (HDPE),4. 0.1-5% by weight of olyamides or eurocamides and natural silica, and5. up to 5% by weight of fatty-acid esters, dyes, synthetic silicic acid, stabilizers, and processing agents,with the sum of 1-5 always being 100% by weight and method of manufacturing from this material a plastic sheeting that is highly elastic, grip-resistant, and smooth.

Abstract: Extrusion apparatus wherein a hollow cylindrical workpiece is advanced over the outer surface of a mandrel and through an extrusion die by motive force applied to the outer surface of the workpiece by an advancing drive member having an inner surface in operative engagement with the outer surface of the workpiece to produce a hollow cylindrical product of reduced diameter, and wherein a first moving force is required to produce relative movement between the mandrel and the workpiece and wherein a second moving force is required to produce relative movement between the drive member and the workpiece, the improvement wherein various structure are provided for reducing the first moving force relative to the second moving force to enhance the extrusion process and thereby increase its efficiency.

Abstract: A process for substantially eliminating surface melt fracture during extrusion of an ethylene polymer wherein the die land has a surface fabricated from a material which increases adhesion between the die land surface and the polymer.

Abstract: A unitary tubular product having an inner layer and an outer layer connected together by a bi-planar mesh formed of helical ribs bonded at their cross-over points is produced in a single coaxial tubular extrusion process, the structure being integrally or confluently extruded. The extruder die head has annular flow channels having closely-spaced die grooves.

Abstract: The melt index is reduced and the rheology is modified in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers used in the manufacture of films, by the addition of a crosslinking agent to the copolymer. This allows the use of more readily available raw materials and improves the stability of the bubble during stretching of tubular films.

Abstract: A process at continuous blowing of film such linear thermoplastic materials which after that the plastic melt has left an annular die, when introducing gas to the inner of the tube, forms a neck part having an essentially constant diameter and then forms a rapidly expanding main bubble whereby the speed of the film at the upper part of the neck is kept above 15 m/min.

Abstract: A plurality of internal couplers (A, B, C, D) are integrally connected end to end in a single tubing construction of indeterminant length. Between each coupler is an annular, frangible region (14, 24) of thin plastic. In the field, the individual couplers are readily broken manually from the tubing construction. Each coupler includes a plurality of cleats (40) which are partially surrounded by a region (50) of relatively thin plastic material. The couplers are manufactured by continuously blow molding a sleeve of softened plastic into the tubing construction of indeterminent length.

Abstract: In apparatus for forming an inflation film of the type wherein a molten resin is ejected through a circular slit of a die, gas is blown into a resulting cylindrical film for inflating the film, and the cylindrical film is cooled by air ejected by an air ring, the air ring comprises an outer lip and an inner lip disposed closer to the die than the outer lip. The outer and inner lips form an air passage terminated with an air ejecting port, and the inner diameter of the outer lip increases in the direction of withdrawal of the cylindrical film. The air pressure in a space between the outer lip and the cylindrical film is reduced by Venturi tube effect or an evacuation device.

Abstract: The invention comprises an oriented multi-layer film having a different orientation distribution between at least two layers and a novel process for forming oriented multi-layer films having a different orientation distribution between the layers. An important feature is the formation of a first tubular layer which is folded and fed into the interior of a second tubular layer of smaller diameter. Upon inflation of the inner tubular layer of larger diameter to its maximum unstretched diameter the smaller diameter outer tubular layer will be stretched and will also be oriented if the stretching occurs while the temperature of the smaller diameter outer tubular layer is maintained within the orientation temperature range of that material.

Abstract: Apparatus for the production of plastic film by the extrusion of a tube thereof includes a first air ring disposed at the die exit and delivering an annular stream of cooling air to the surface of the emerging tube, which is in a stable expansion phase as it escapes the die internal pressure. Preferably the stream is directed axially of the tube path. The apparatus includes the combination of a sizing cage and a second air ring that is mounted for longitudinal movement along the tube. The tube is established with the air rings close together and they are moved as soon as possible as far apart as possible. The second air ring is located just below where the tube begins to expand and delivers an annular stream of air, preferably in a known manner away from the tube to form a vacuum which stabilizes the tube. The cooling air stream from the second ring can be high since the tube is again in a stable expansion phase with the material at an appropriate temperature.

Abstract: Shaped articles in thin-walled form, such as threads, membranes, sheets and tubes and particularly material for encasing sausage, are produced from a shapable mass containing in aqueous dispersion at least one coagulable, amphoteric high molecular organic substance, such as collagen or other coagulable animal protein, by extruding the mass through a die into an aqueous bath in which coagulation of such substance in the extrudate is effected by changing the pH of the dispersion so that the isoelectric point of the substance is traversed, the dispersion being prepared with a sufficient content of polyvalent ions, such as calcium ions, to inhibit formation in the extrudate of a barrier to ion penetration. The dispersion desirably also contains an agent for cross-linking the coagulable substance in the extrudate. The mass fed to the extruding die preferably is a collagen paste containing glyoxal and calcium ions. The speed of the coagulation can be enhanced by subjecting the extrudate in the bath to a D.C.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for the formation of synthetic resin foil coils. The angular velocity of the flaw propagating member is reduced as the coil increases for at least a multiplicity of turns to impart to the coil the configuration of a right circular cylinder with a high degree of precision.

Abstract: A nozzle ring of an extruder for blowing tubular plastics film is divided into cooling sectors provided with adjusting elements. The thicknesses of the blown film are measured over the circumference thereof and a number of film sectors of equal circumferential length corresponding to the number of cooling sectors is established from the measured thicknesses. Assuming that the film sector of maximum or minimum thickness has been extruded in the correct position for the purpose of determining the cooling sector associated with the film sector, the subsequent film sectors are in turn allocated to successive cooling sectors. From the measurements, the mean thickness distributions are determined over the individual film sectors. These values of mean thickness distribution define a measure for the correcting command for the adjusting elements of the cooling sectors that are associated with the respective film sectors.

Abstract: To maintain an air or gas bubble forming in a moving tube of plastics material between pairs of squeeze rollers, an air or gas injecting needle is mounted to pivot substantially in a plane containing the centerline of the tube. The needle pierces the tube wall of the bubble when in one rotary position, moves with the tube while pivoting through an arc depending on the depth of needle penetration and is withdrawn from the bubble in a second rotary position.

Abstract: The invention contemplates the manufacture of a wrinkle-free, amorphous, unoriented polyester film which is produced by an extrusion blowing process. The process consists of extruding a bubble of polyester, expanding the bubble, and then collapsing the bubble at a temperature above the polyester's glass transition temperature to prevent the formation of wrinkles. The collapsing step is effected through the use of a shroud which receives the bubble and has a low friction surface.

Abstract: The thickness of plastic film extruded from a die is maintained at a desired uniform dimension by utilizing the thermal expansion and contraction of die adjusting bolts to control the width of the orifice of the die. A thickness gauge measures the film thickness across its transverse dimension and provides a signal to a microcomputer which uses the information to calculate the desired die bolt movements. The movements are converted to bolt temperature changes to change the set temperature of each die bolt. A temperature sensing element in the die bolt provides a temperature signal to the microcomputer which controls the amount of power output to each bolt to attain the new set temperature. The temperature sensing and control system provides greater sensitivity, accuracy, and faster response to changing conditions than systems relying only on measurement of thickness variations to control power output to the bolt heaters without using bolt temperature for feedback.

Abstract: Biaxially oriented tubular articles which are destined to provide bodies for processable food containers are made from an elongate tube of thermoplastics material as it emerges from an extruder.

Abstract: This invention provides an improvement in a method of cooling molten extruded tube produced by a blown-tube process. The improvement comprises cooling the tube utilizing the heat of evaporation of moisture in steam. The steam is brought into contact with the molten tube after extrusion of the molten tube from an extrusion die, whereby the steam is permitted to expand prior to, during or subsequent to contact with the molten tube. An apparatus is also provided for carrying out the above-described method.

Abstract: Blown films of LLDPE having reduced block and increased slip are provided by incorporating into the polymer, before blowing into films, effective amounts of certain fatty acid amides and inorganic materials which provide fast bloom, thereby obtaining an expedient effect of the additives on the surface properties of the blown film.

Abstract: The regulated permeability of a thermoplastic membrane is modified by subjecting the thin membrane sheeting to warm to hot water, increasing the absorption of water in the membrane. The membrane is then rapidly heated with microwave radiation energy, typically at the 2450 MHz frequency absorbed by water, or heated in hot air. The water molecules absorbed in the membrane are explosively boiled out of the membrane, increasing the porosity of the membrane to water and also to other small molecules dissolved in water. The permeability of the plastic membrane is controlled by varying the concentration of water molecules initially absorbed in the hot membrane. Several types of plastic membrane having a relatively higher water absorption can be treated. The thin plastic membrane can be manufactured by extruding a small diameter, thick wall plastic tubing into hot water, and expanding the tubing with a hot water stream pumped into the inside of the tubing.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for forming blown film of a low strain hardening polymer, such as a low pressure polymerized-low density ethylene copolymer, including an improved film bubble expanding technique which permits high production rates to be achieved with good film bubble stability. Advantageously, most of the films produced by the process have a relatively high degree of film clarity.

Abstract: An internally-cooled blown-film system, for producing plastic tubing, in which the flow rate of the continuous flow of internal cooling air, by non-contacting, energy beam sensor means, is made directly dependent upon the deviation in position of the tube wall.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for forming multi-layer expanded film. A base film extruded by a die is coated, immediately downstream of the die mouth, by a further layer of fluid propelled from a manifold through a metering orifice. The combination of manifold and metering orifice is necessary to permit accurate control of the flow rate of the fluid and hence of the thickness of the coating, and the mouth of the die and the metering orifice must be very close so that the base film is as resistant as possible to deflection by the impact of the coating fluid, and so that contact takes place before any substantially expansion has taken place. The downstream end of the resulting multi-layer tubular film is then held closed in known fashion and the closed tube is expanded by air under pressure admitted by an opening in the die.

Abstract: Hollow fibers, particularly useful as semipermeable membranes in separatory devices such as blood dialyzers, having a non-uniform cross-sectional area along the length thereof. The fibers have recurring points of maximum outside diameter and minimum outside diameter and such points may recur on a regular basis or at random. Fiber wall thicknesses may be substantially uniform or non-uniform. Methods and apparatus for making the fibers are disclosed.

Abstract: A film combination including two plies of tack-free thermoplastic polymer and a hot-tacky vinylidene chloride crystalline polymer is prepared by coextruding the vinylidene chloride polymer outside melts of plies of the thermoplastic polymer.

Abstract: An internally cooled blown film system, for producing a plastic tube, in which the flow rate of the continuous flow of cooling air through the tube is made directly dependent upon deviation of the tube circumference as determined by transmission and detection of ultrasonic waves from the surface of the tube.

Abstract: A process for reducing melt fracture formed during extrusion of a molten narrow molecular weight distribution, linear, ethylene polymer, which comprises extruding said polymer through a die having a discharge outlet defining an exit die gap formed by opposing die lip surfaces and wherein one surface of the die lip and/or die land in contact with the molten polymer extends beyond the opposing surface of the die lip and/or die land in the direction of the axis of flow of the molten polymer through the die exit and wherein said extended die lip has a groove extending around said extended die lip, said groove being disposed opposite the leading edge of the opposing die lip surface whereby melt fracture is reduced on both surfaces of the polymer leaving said die exit.

Abstract: Thermoplastic materials which have hot tack and which are incapable of being independently processed by the blown film process due to the tack they show in hot state and especially in the as extruded state are processed to film and sheet by the blown film process by extruding and inflating in a manner known per se an at least two-ply tubular film or sheet of thermoplastic material, the inner ply being formed by a tack-free thermoplastic material and the outer ply superposed thereon being formed by said hot-tacky thermoplastic material; slitting the double-ply tubing for storage and after flattening at least at one edge, and arranging the film web, preferably with winding-up, together with the web of tack-free material in such a manner that one web having hot tack alternates with one tack-free web. The multi-ply film and sheet materials produced by the process are comprised by the invention. .Iadd.