Abstract: Glass fibre reinforced plasterboard including a gypsum matrix of high density with embedded staple glass fibres therewith forming a pressure resistant solid body frame in which are embedded a plurality of very small hollow spaces of 5-350 microns in diameter, produced by a fine-pore foam or at least partially by small particles of non-porous and non-water absorbing fillers. During the manufacturing process of such glass fibre reinforced gypsum board, the gypsum and the fibre pieces are given only so much water that the water/gypsum ratio does not exceed 0.6, whereafter a foam and/or pourable or free-flowing fillers are added in such quantities that the apparent density of the entire board is at least 20% smaller than the density of the bonding means component of the matrix, and the paste is subjected while being formed to a vibration.

Abstract: A patterned tool and method for producing a durable tactile warning surface for sidewalks and other walkways including pouring a concrete base, applying pigmented or colored hardener to the upper surface of the concrete base, stamping the upper surface of the concrete base with the patterned tool including a substantially flat member having a plurality of symmetrically disposed recesses of a predetermined diameter and depth formed on the lower surface thereof and a plurality of corresponding vent channels formed through the substantially flat member in communication with each corresponding recess and curing the concrete base to form a durable tactile warning surface including a plurality of symmetrically disposed raised elements of a predetermined diameter, height and spacing corresponding to the plurality of recesses to produce an uneven surface visually contrasting with adjacent surface areas.

Abstract: A low cost, lightweight, high strength, long lasting, crack resistant, monolithically formed composite structural material and the method of making the same in which the composite consists of a core constructed from lightweight, granulated scrap or waste plastic bonded together with a relatively inexpensive cementitious slurry binder. The core is covered on one or more of its surfaces with a high strength outer layer constructed of layers of non-woven fabric material impregnated with a cementitious slurry binder having a different formulation than the core cementitious slurry binder to effectively bond with the fibers in the layers of non-woven fabric material to form a three-dimensional reinforcement matrix for the outer layer cementitious slurry binder.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cold molding process for the production of a unitary article from a plurality of plastic particles. The process may be conducted without the addition of heat. A plurality of homogeneous or heterogeneous plastic particles are introduced into a mold, softened by exposure to a softening agent, and thereafter compressed to form the unitary article. Preferred softening agents comprise an organic component and an aqueous component. One preferred softening agent-plastic combination comprises aqueous methylethylketone and polystyrene.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for molding plastic articles including oscillating the molten plastic in the mold cavity. The method and apparatus is particularly suitable for use with a plurality of mold cavities supplied from a single feeding means or extruder. The disclosure teaches alternately feeding molten plastic to the mold cavity from at least one shooting pot while the flow of molten plastic to the mold cavity from the feeding means is discontinued.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing molded plastic products wherein the process includes:(a) subjecting a mold to a mold preconditioning stage by heating it to a temperature which is conducive for molding a deformable plastic material therein,(b) introducing a deformable plastic material into or over a cavity defined within the preconditioned mold,(c) molding the deformable plastic material,(d) heat-treating the molded plastic material by subjecting it to a treating temperature (T.sub.O) which is at least equal to about 1.0 times the value of the material's glass transition temperature (T.sub.g), when T.sub.g is expressed in degrees Kelvin,(e) subjecting the mold and the heat-treated material to a rheological transformation process preconditioning stage by adjusting the temperature to one which is conducive for a rheological transformation process,(f) subjecting the preconditioned material to a rheological transformation process, and(f) removing the molded product from the mold.

Abstract: An improved stereolithographic apparatus and method is described. In one embodiment, the improvement includes immersing at least a portion of a part in a volume of a liquid solvent in a vapor degreaser while subjecting the portion to ultrasonic agitation to substantially remove excess resin. Several examples of solvents are provided, including ethanol, and Freon TMS. In a second embodiment, the improvement includes building the part on a layer of liquid resin supported by a volume of a dense, immiscible, and UV transparent intermediate liquid, and integratably immersing at least a portion of the built part in the intermediate liquid, and then either subjecting the immersed portion to ultrasonic agitation to substantially remove excess resin, or subjecting the immersed portion to UV light. Several examples of intermediate liquids are provided, including perfluorinated fluids, such as Fluorinert FC-40, and water-based salt solutions, such as solutions of magnesium sulfate or sodium chloride in water.

Abstract: A polymeric article having isotropic properties is fabricated from anisotropic materials by orienting the polymer, as well as any fillers, in different directions at different planes through the polymeric article. In a first embodiment, molten polymer is passed between movable gate members (32 and 34) into cavity (30) of mold (28). The movable gate members (32 and 34) impart a strain on the molten polymer by moving in opposite directions (33 and 35) while the molten polymer is dispensed into the cavity (30). Reciprocating the movable gate members (32 and 34) yields a herringbone pattern. Having at least one movable gate member (38) have comb-like projections (40) can assure the strain is imparted deeper into the thickness of the polymeric article.

Abstract: A method of forming a fastener member having a base and a plurality of headed stems arranged in columns and rows and projecting from the base. The fastener member is formed by injection molding a molten material into a base mold, sacrificial stem mold and head mold, wherein the material is solidified. After the base mold and head mold are removed, the stem mold may be destructively removed to release the fastener member.

Abstract: A lid (1) is injection-molded of polyethylene, for a widemouthed barrel of a synthetic resin, and includes an outer rim (4) encompassing the barrel neck (3) and an inner rim (5) dipping into the barrel neck. The outer lid rim (4) and inner lid rim (5) form an annular space (7), an annular web (8) projecting axially from the base of this space. For producing the lid gasket (13), the annular space (7) is exposed to an open flame for activating the annular space surface. Subsequently the sealing material, preferably polyurethane, is injected from a foaming machine into the base of the annular space (7), and thereafter the lid (1) is vibrated in order to degasify the gasket (13). The sealing material, preferably consisting of foamed polyurethane, contains a parting compound having a long-term effect.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the electromagnetic dynamic plasticating of polymer materials includes a magnetic moving body which is supported both axially and radially by a magnetic levitation gap. The magnetic body is rotated in non-steady state vibration within an electromagnetic winding and cooperates with a stationary body to form a processing space for the polymer material.

Abstract: An abrasion resistant synthetic aggregate made from an intimately intermixed combination of lime, fly ash and sulfate/sulfite sludge (e.g. FGD sludge), mixed to the point where the mixture is nearly optimum density and compressible or non-compressible and plastic. This mixture is placed in a landfill. After a relatively brief cure period, the landfill is ripped and the material is crushed and graded. The aggregate, which in some instances may qualify as a light weight aggregate, has a Los Angeles Abrasion Resistance of less than 60%, and may in some cases be less than 50% (medium particles passing) according to that test.

Abstract: A low cost, lightweight, high strength, long lasting, crack resistant, monolithically formed composite structural material and the method of making the same in which the composite consists of a core constructed from lightweight, granulated scrap or waste plastic bonded together with a cementitious slurry binder. The core is covered on one or more of its sides with a high strength outer layer constructed of layers of non-woven fabric material impregnated with the same cementitous slurry binder with the fibers in the layers of non-woven fabric material forming a three-dimensional reinforcement matrix for the cementitous slurry. The composite of the core and covering is co-formed and cured monolithically with the cementitious slurry being continuous throughout the fibers of the layers of non-woven fabric and the core with the lightweight scrap or waste plastic serving as an aggregate for the core. The composite structural material can be molded or formed in various shapes and configurations for various purposes.

Abstract: The method and apparatus of this invention transforms naturally occurring or synthetic waxes into a state characterized by the fact that when the waxes solidify, they do so in forms different from those forms into which they would solidify except for the transformation. The transformation is achieved by subjecting the waxes to force. As examples of apparatuses which can supply the force to effect the transformation, a piston apparatus and an ultrasonic apparatus are disclosed. The triglyceride waxes are one type of wax which may be transformed by the method and apparatus of this invention. Transformed triglyceride waxes form superior shells when the waxes are used in an encapsulation process.

Abstract: A process for making a component by depositing a first layer of a fluent porous material, such as a powder, in a confined region and then depositing a binder material to selected regions of the layer of powder material to produce a layer of bonded powder material at the selected regions. Such steps are repeated a selected number of times to produce successive layers of selected regions of bonded powder material so as to form the desired component. The unbonded powder material is then removed. In some cases the component may be further processed as, for example, by heating it to further strengthen the bonding thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a plasticization method in which a molding material is supplied to a cylinder having a built-in screw to plasticize the molding material, and further, at least one of the cylinder and the screw is resonated to carry out the plasticization of the molding material. Also disclosed is a plasticization method in which the cylinder is vibrated by progressive waves to plasticize the molding material, and an apparatus able to carry out these plasticization methods.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for molding plastic articles including oscillating the molten plastic in the mold cavity. The method and apparatus is particularly suitable for use with a plurality of mold cavities supplied from a single feeding means or extruder. The disclosure teaches alternately feeding molten plastic to the mold cavity from at least one shooting pot while the flow of molten plastic to the mold cavity from the feeding means is discontinued.

Abstract: The present invention aims to evenly and surely knead a concrete material comprising less water amount. Concrete material layer entered into a kneading tank is cut in an up-and-down direction and divided into a plurality of layer sections arrayed side by side along a right-and-left direction, and one of the divided layer sections is piled up another one of the divided layer sections in the up-and-down direction, then piled up concrete layer sections are compacted, in other words are pressed in the up-and-down direction and extended in a horizontal direction, and further these steps are repeated.

Abstract: A process for forming a poured slab, preferably of concrete, which has different colored portions. The process includes (a) pouring a wet concrete mixture of cement particles, sand particles and gravel particles into a horizontal mold cavity having a stepped mold bottom surface, (b) curing the mixture to produce a slab with a roughly horizontal rear surface and a stepped front surface corresponding to the mould bottom surface, and (c) mechanically removing the cured mixture between a cut plane generally parallel the rear surface through the slab and the front surface. The resultant slab has different portions with different coloration and appearance due to the cut plane passing through portions of the concrete having different proportions of cement, sand and gravel particles.

Abstract: A molding process, includingsupplying molten, moldable material to a mold cavity;subjecting at least a part of the supplied molten material to a shear force;causing the material to solidify while maintaining the shear force; anddemolding the molded material.

Abstract: An improved stereolithographic apparatus and method is described. In one embodiment, the improvement includes immersing at least a portion of a part in a volume of a liquid solvent in a vapor degreaser while subjecting the portion to ultrasonic agitation to substantially remove excess resin. Several examples of solvents are provided, including ethanol, and Freon TMS. In a second embodiment, the improvement includes building the part on a layer of liquid resin supported by a volume of a dense, immiscible, and UV transparent intermediate liquid, and integratably immersing at least a portion of the built part in the intermediate liquid, and then either subjecting the immersed portion to ultrasonic agitation to substantially remove excess resin, or subjecting the immersed portion to UV light. Several examples of intermediate liquids are provided, including perfluorinated fluids, such as Fluorinert FC-40, and water-based salt solutions, such as solutions of magnesium sulfate or sodium chloride in water.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for producing a paving block comprising a block substrate and a solid top layer selected from a tile-like layer and a cured cement mortar layer firmly bonded onto the upper surface of the block substrate. The apparatus comprises a mortar applicator (21) consisting essentially of a mortar container and a masking bottom board (23) having an opening (24) to be located on the back of a top layer (1-2) or the upper surface of a block substrate (1-1) during application of cement mortar thereon, a clamping plate (25) to be located on the top layer (1-2) placed on the block substrate (1-1) during bonding them, and a scraping frame (26) for scraping excess mortar remaining on the side surfaces of the bonded block. When the apparatus is used to produce a novel paving block comprising a block substrate and a solid top layer having a plane dimension smaller than the substrate, squeeze-out deposits (6) of the cement mortar (7) are further formed around the bonded top layer (1-2).

Abstract: An agglomerating process and an apparatus therefor for preparation of sinter mix having the basis of kneading with vibration to make raw feed in capillary state and then agglomerating the kneaded material with tumbling vibration. By using the particular process, apparatus and various kinds of raw feeds, sintering characteristics of the product shows superiority in size distribution, permeability, strength, and activities, resulting cost, power and material consumptions of the process are remarkably improved.

Abstract: A novel method for generating orientation of short fibers in the matrix of a composite material allows for production of complex high strength components. With state of the art technologies short fibers can be oriented only by elongational flows and these are generally applicable only to extrusion products. The invention is based on the fundamental discovery that short fibers can be oriented by relative movement against a finer three-dimensional isotropic network. Gel networks are of molecular level and satisfy this scaling requirement even for whiskers. The process involves mixing-in the fibers with a gel, pouring (injecting) the mixture into a mold and then orienting the fibers by moving them relative to the gel network. The movement can be driven by sound waves. When orientation is accomplished, the gel is solidified forming the matrix of the composite.

Abstract: A waterproof sheet used to waterproof structures has a single layer of non-degradable, water impermeable polymeric membrane that has layers of particles of non-hydrated sodium montmorillonite (sodium bentonite) adhering to the membrane in a uniform layered thickness. The layers of particles of sodium montmorillonite spaced from the membrane adhere to each other, with a coating material (adhesive) that is designed to provide the necessary performance for waterproofing. A water soluble dye is provided in the layer of particles so if a tear occurs in the impermeable membrane and water contacts the particles, the dye will stain the membrane and mark the location of the tear.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for molding plastic articles including oscillating the molten plastic in the mold cavity. The method and apparatus is particularly suitable for use with a plurality of mold cavities supplied from a single feeding means or extruder. The disclosure teaches alternately feeding molten plastic to the mold cavity from shooting pots while the flow of molten plastic to the mold cavity from the feeding means is discontinued.

Abstract: A process for preparing a building block is described. In the first step of the process, an integral, substantially serpentine insert with a density of from about 1 to about 2 pounds per cubic foot is disposed within a mold. Thereafter, a cementitious material is placed in the mold around the insert and then press until the material within the mold has a density of from 80 to 150 pounds per cubic foot. The block thus formed is then removed from the mold and heated at a temperature of from about 75 to about 250 degrees Fahrenheit.

Abstract: A moulding process including:supplying molten, mouldable material to a mould cavity;subjecting at least a part of the supplied molten material to a shear force;causing the material to solidify while maintaining the shear force; anddemoulding the moulded material.

Abstract: Cast ceiling tile requires a particular rheology of its wet formulation for the dried tile to have a desired aesthetic appearance. The use of a latex binder rather than starch for cast ceiling tiles imparts the necessary rheological properties to the wet ceiling tile formulation. The tile is prepared by blending mineral wool with a premixture of water, latex, and filler, said premixture having a sharp yield point when measured with a recording Brookfield Viscometer. The latex is an alkali-swellable latex comprising (i) a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 .alpha.,.beta.

Abstract: Iron pipe and other hollow articles are lined with a cementitious mortar containing a quantity of polymer particles and the pipe is rotated about its axis so as to stratify the mortar and develop a polymer rich inner surface that is subsequently cured, dried and heated to the polymer fusion temperature and then coated with a continuous layer of pure polymer.

Abstract: A method for making concrete pipe. Vinyl liners are held by an expandable liner carrying device. The carrying device is expanded so as to hold the liner in engagement with the outer surface, forming a liner/carrier assembly. Concrete reinforcing bars are placed around the liner/carrier assembly. The liner/carrier assembly and reinforcing bars are surrounded by a dry-cast concrete form. Then, the form is placed on a forming module, and the module is actuated into engagement with the inside surface of the core forcing the liner/carrier assembly to assume a predetermined, usually cylindrical, shape. The form is filled and immediately taken off of the module. The form is immediately stripped, but the core, held immobile by the dry cast concrete, which sets quickly, continues to hold the liner in engagement with the concrete until a complete bond is established. Finally, the core is retracted from engagement with the liner and removed from the finished lined pipe.

Abstract: A wave-dissipating caission includes a box-shaped skeleton made up of ridge members, wherein wing members are provided. Each wing member is in the form of a trapezoid with one end thereof separated from other wing members, and an opposite end joined to other wing members. The method for producing the caisson includes the steps of providing a mold for a bottom plate portion of the caission, depositing reinforced concrete into the mold for forming the bottom plate portion, and installing a plurality of steel rods onto the bottom plate portion. The method for producing the caission further includes the step of erecting wing frames, right and left side frames, front and back frames, and an upper frame around the plurality of steel rods. Concrete is then deposited into the frames, thereby forming the caission within the frames. Then the frames are removed from the formed caission.

Abstract: A concrete manufacturing process includes pouring a fluidized cement containing a short fiber as an admixture into a concrete manufacturing mold; applying a predetermined level or levels of pressure to the entire fluidized cement poured into the mold, while a gas is introduced into the cement; and hardening the cement as the gas introduced thereto forms bubbles which burst and generate vibration when they are vented through a venting section provided for the mold. When the cement is hardened to some degree, the hardening may be continued in a temperature-controlled liquid bath or followed by curing with steam.

Abstract: Rammed building walls having an earth core and integral cement jackets are formed by placing a rectangular earth hopper within a rectangular wall moulding cavity that is defined by formwork members which are aligned with an underlying foundation. The hopper is filled with earth while outside of the moulding cavity and has a trapdoor as its bottom. The moulding cavity has a substantially greater width than the width of the hopper so that jacket cavities are formed on either side of the hopper. A pair of tiltable cement hoppers, filled with concrete or a sand and cement mix, are mounted on the earth hopper and are tiltably unloaded into the jacket cavities. The trapdoor is then released so that the earth slides downwardly and laterally, and the hoppers are lifted as a unit out of the moulding cavity while the earth fills a core cavity between the mix-filled jacket cavities. Both the earth and mix are then rammed simultaneously.

Abstract: A method for producing high-temperature superconducting ceramic material through mechanical orientation including mixing starting materials in powdered form in proportions effective to produce a high-temperature superconducting oxide ceramic having anisotropic crystal grains and shaping the mixture. Next, the shaped mixture is calcined at a temperature ranging from 600.degree. to 900.degree. C. and fired at a temperature higher than 1,000.degree. C. in an oxygen atmosphere for a time effective to produce a superconducting oxide ceramic having crystal grains. According to the invention, the superconductive oxide ceramic is then pulverized into particles having either a plate-like form or a needle-like form based on the anisotropic form of the crystal grains. Particles of a selected size are placed into a vessel and vibrated with an acoustic vibrator means under conditions effective to cause the pulverized particles to turn toward a common preferred orientation to provide oriented particles.

Abstract: One or more powders are placed in a leaktight vessel (12) having a substantially vertical axis and comprising a bottom blade rotating about an axis parallel to the axis of said vessel, and a spheronizing tool (28) having a substantially discoidal rotating form; said powders are mutually mixed by means of the rotation of said bottom blade, and a binder solution is added thereto. The composition of mixed powders thus added to is spheronized by immersing said spheronizing tool (28) in said composition and causing it to rotate simultaneously with said blade (18).

Abstract: The fracture-free paving block (1) comprises a cement block substrate (1-1) and a top solid layer (1-2), and is characterized in that the top layer is selected from a cured cement mortar layer and a tile-like layer firmly bonded to the substrate with cement mortar; the top layer is bonded to the block substrate with lateral margins (2) of 1 to 8 mm wide in horizontal distance (1.sub.5) from the peripheral edges of the substrate: and the vertical distance (1.sub.6) from the surface of the top layer to the peripheral edge of the substrate is 5 to 50 mm. The method for producing the paving block (1) having a tile-like top layer comprises applying adhesive cement mortar between the back of the top layer (1-2) and the upper surface of the substrate (1-1); placing the top layer on the substrate with the above-mentioned margins (2) of the substrate surface: and applying vibration and/or pressurization between the top layer and the substrate.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for injection molding of injection molded parts of plasticized material, in particular plasticized liquid crystal polymers, in which the plasticized material is injected into the mold cavity of a closed injection mold having at least two spaced apart infeed gates, separate plastification and injection devices being associated with each of the gates. The plasticized material may be further injected into the mold cavity to compensate for any shrinkage during cooling of the molded material. Injection is carried out by at least one of the devices which causes the material to flow into the cavity via one of the gates associated therewith for filling the cavity and causing the material to partially flow from the cavity via the other of the gates in the direction of the other of the devices associated therewith.

Abstract: A process for producing improved gypsum models and molds of high duplication accuracy is provided. In the process, bundles of carbon fibers of specified length and amount having a sizing agent deposited thereon are treated to remove the sizing agent from the carbon fibers which are then separated into single fibers in water. A major part of hemihydrate gypsum (CaSO.sub.4.1/2H.sub.2 O) powder is then added to the carbon fibers dispersed in water to obtain a gypsum slurry having the carbon fibers uniformly dispersed therein. The slurry is then cast to obtain the models or molds.

Abstract: After a mortar layer is formed on the surface layer of placed concrete, an ultrasonic vibrator is caused to vibrate while being pressed against the mortar layer surface, and a thin surface layer is scraped off, obtaining a dense water-shielding layer. Mortar with a low water-cement ratio is spread onto the surface of the water-shielding layer, and adhesion between the mortar and the water-shielding layer is strengthened by using the ultrasonic vibrator. The pressing force of the ultrasonic vibrator is then increased to make the mortar and the water-shielding layer densely integrated together, thereby forming a hard concrete surface excelling in abrasion resistance.

Abstract: A method for degating an injection molded article comprising the steps of filling a mold cavity with a molten resin and cooling the mold to effect gate seal. A gate cut shaft member is oscillated after gate seal is completed to soften the hardened resin in the gate. The gate cut shaft member is then displaced with respect to the mold cavity when the resin is softened to effect degating. A second method comprises the steps of cutting the gate in the molded article by sliding the gate cut shaft member during the dwell process with respect to the mold cavity after filling the mold with molten resin and before gate seal is effected. While said gate cut shaft member is subject to minute oscillation or a slow reciprocating motion, the shaft surface is abutted against the degated surface to obtain a good cut surface on the molded article.

Abstract: A moulding process including:supplying molten, mouldable material to a mould cavity;subjecting at least a part of the supplied molten material to a shear force;causing the material to solidify while maintaining the shear force; anddemoulding the moulded material.

Abstract: The process for forming, or rendering endless or repairing a conveyor belt made of rubber and equipped with stress bearing inserts comprises providing a conveyor belt section with rubber material and preparing it for vulcanization, bringing it between heatable press platens and vulcanizing it using heat and pressure. The rubber has Newtonian flow properties and undergoes a hot pressing. The conveyor belt section is vibrated during vulcanization over a vibrational time period which is smaller than the vulcanization time.

Abstract: An apparatus for making parts having complex geometric shapes by injection molding apparatus. The apparatus avoids the formation of a parting line in the molded object. The apparatus includes an injector plate, an ejector plate and a floating plate. The injector plate has at least one mold cavity for making a part and a passageway to allow molten plastic to enter the mold cavity. The ejector plate has at least one mold cavity corresponding to the mold cavity in the injector plate. The floating plate has at least one projection. The plates are adapted to fit together when the mold is closed so that the floating plate is between the injector and ejector plates and the projection fits centrally between the cavities of the injector and ejector plates. A mechanism moves the injector plate, ejector plate and floating plate with respect to one another.

Abstract: Method of welding two hollow ceramic half-components containing an organic binder whereby each half-component is first loaded into a die, the jointing planes of the two half-components are then brought into contact by bringing together the two dies, working pressure is thereafter applied to one of the half-components in a direction perpendicular to the jointing planes and vibration is simultaneously applied to the other half-component in a direction parallel to the jointing planes to effect the welding of the two half-components by interpenetration. The two dies are then separated and the joined monobloc component is removed and sintered without altering the component's monolithic quality.

Abstract: A process for producing cold-bonded or non-fired iron ore which introduced as a charge into a blast furnace. The iron ore, which contains 10 to 70% of particles having a diameter ranging from 1 to 10 mm, is molded into a block, preferably by a pressure-molding method, a shock-molding method or a packing-molding method with vibrations. The block is then cured or hardened. This hardened block is crushed to have a predetermined shape. An additive such as CaO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, or MgO may be added to the iron ore to adjust the basicity as a whole to 0.8 to 2.0. Moreover, the molding step is conducted so that the product may have a void volume equal to or less than 25%.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for producing compacted chopped strands having a high density, wherein flattened wetted chopped strands are prepared and subjected in the wetted state to a rolling action to change the flattened form into rounded rod-like form while being compacted. The chopped strands are conveyed horizontally along a vibrating carrier plate (44, 151, 151') so that the rolling action is imparted to the chopped strands during the convey. The chopped strands moving among the carrier plate (151, 151') is dried by heated air applied from the lower side of the chopped strands.

Abstract: A toner for producing electrostatic latent images is produced by mixing base particles (A) with specific modifier particles (B) to attach the modifier particles (B) to the surfaces of the base particles (A), and passing the resultant mixture through a specific impact zone thereby to fix the modifier particles (B) to the base particles (A) under the action of a mechanical impact force.

Abstract: A process for forming a joint for connecting a plurality of bars in a metal casing includes the steps of pouring a granulated solid into the metal casing and prestressing the solid by driving in a mandrel through the filling aperture of the casing. Thereafter, an unsinkable or a low-shrinkage hardening fluid is injected into the metal casing and permitted to harden.

Abstract: A method of making optrodes is provided by which a pressure-sensitive volume is incorporated in the optrode by bubble transfer and/or gas entrapment in the manufacturing step sequence.