Abstract: Apparatus for producing silver nano-particle material. The apparatus includes a furnace containing a crucible for vaporizing a precursor material, as well as, a conduit disposed in perpendicular to the crucible. An inlet end of the conduit is open to the mixing region created between the conduit and the crucible. A process gas supply is also operatively associated with the mixing region.

Abstract: A gas lance made of a fireproof material, having an entry surface and an exit surface, having channels having slit-shaped cross-section, which comprise an entry slit and an exit slit. In order to provide a gas lance in which the gas exits in such a manner that a good thorough mixing of the melt is achieved and a simple penetration of the melt by the gas is avoided, the projection of the exit slit of a channel onto the entry surface may be offset in relation to the entry slit of the channel.

Abstract: In the metallurgical treatment of metals, metal melts and/or slags in a metallurgical unit or melting vessel, especially in electric arc furnaces, injection devices (1) are used for blowing in or up oxygen-rich gases (6) and/or carbonaceous substances, which cause as long as possible gas jet (6?) with a high pulse energy to strike to strike the surface of the slag or metal. It is known to envelope produced gas jet (6?), thereby focusing it. According to the invention, such an envelope is obtained by using a hot gas (5, 5?) that is preaccelerated to such a degree that the central gas jet (6?) is preferably without pulse losses.

Abstract: A heating system includes a furnace configured to receive a product to be thermally treated within the furnace, where the furnace includes at least one burner to generate combustion gases from a source of oxygen and a carbon-based fuel source provided to the burner, and the combustion gases provide heat to the product disposed within the furnace. A gas pipeline delivers a heated inert gas into the furnace at a location proximate the product so as to at least partially surround and protect a surface of the product and minimize or prevent the product from chemically reacting with other gases within the furnace.

Abstract: The present invention is a manufacturing system for alloys containing rare earth metals which presents oxidation of alloy during production, facilitates thermal history control of the alloy, and efficiently produces alloys of a uniform structure. The manufacturing system includes a melting furnace for melting a starting material alloy, solidifying means for continuously solidifying an alloy melt into alloy flakes, crystal structure controlling means for controlling the alloy crystal structure, and cooling means for cooling the alloy flakes. These components are operable in an inert gas atmosphere. The crystal structure controlling means includes a conveying device having a delivery space for continuously delivering the alloy flakes from the solidifying means to the cooling means, for the conveying device has temperature regulating means for regulating the temperature of the delivery.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a mono-block stopper adapted to deliver gas during pouring of molten metal comprising a stopper body having an internal chamber (1) and a gas discharge port (2), a bore (3) connecting the internal chamber (1) to the gas discharge port (2), calibrating means (4) being provided in the bore (3) to provide a restricted path. This stopper is characterised by the fact that the calibrating means comprise a rod (4) having at least one axially-extending gas passages therealong, the gas passage(s) having a section such as to offer a predetermined resistance to flow. The stopper of the invention is far more reliable and can be easily adapted to various operational parameters.

Abstract: A device for feeding gas in a melt of foamable metal by means of at least one pipe for producing metal foam. The gas insertion pipe projects inwardly into the melt and at the projecting end has a gas outlet having a cross section of 0.006 to 0.2 mm2 and a pipe face area of less than 4.0 mm2. A flowable metal foam has gas bubbles defined by walls of a liquid metal matrix with solid reinforcing particles, and the diameter of the largest gas bubbles divided by that of the smallest gas bubbles is less than 2.5.

Abstract: A method for continuously producing foamed metals is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of (i) adding a previously dissolved molten metal to a viscosity-enhancing furnace and agitating the molten metal so as to uniformly maintain the viscosity of the molten metal; (ii) conveying the molten metal to an electronic agitating type foaming furnace; (iii) injecting gas into the conveyed molten metal while agitating to obtain a foamed molten metal; and (iv) drawing the obtained foamed molten metal using a roller and cooling the drawn foamed metal.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a low-oxygen copper wire is provided, in which a dehydrogenating treatment can be performed without requiring a long moving distance of molten copper, and the generation of holes in solidification is suppressed, whereby high quality low-oxygen copper wire can be obtained having superior surface quality.

Abstract: A furnace for heat treating of metal parts includes a hot zone enclosure defining a hot zone therein. The hot zone enclosure has a side wall, a first end wall, and a second end wall. The side wall has slots formed therethrough and along the length thereof. The heat treating furnace also includes a system for injecting a cooling gas into the hot zone through the hot zone enclosure. The heat treating furnace further includes a damper arrangement for directing the cooling gas over a selected portion or portions of the workpiece load and through one or more of the slots. In one embodiment of the invention, all actuated components in the furnace are located outside of the hot zone to minimize damage to moving parts that are caused by exposure to extreme heat.

Abstract: A metal melting closed furnace which includes a main chamber, a circulation well connected to the main chamber by a communications passageway and a vortex well having a exit outlet for molten metal into the main chamber. A cover is emplaced over the vortex well. An inert gas bubble activated molten metal pump is provided in which there is an entry port in the circulation well and exit port into the vortex well. The exit port is positioned to lie at least partially or entirely above the maximum level of molten metal in the vortex well. This exit port will typically be at or near the top of the vortex well. In order to reduce oxidation, inert gas bubbles are captured from this molten metal pump and creating an inert gas atmosphere or blanket above the molten metal vortex.

Abstract: An inline degassing apparatus for removing solid solution gases as well as nonmetallic inclusions from molten metal in a degassing container, to which the molten metal is continuously introduced for degassing operation and from which the degassed molten metal is continuously removed. A rotary diffusing device is arranged in the degassing container for generating bubbles of inert gas diffused into the molten metal, thereby entrapping solid solution gases as well as nonmetallic inclusions into the bubbles, which are then floated and separated. Heaters are provided, which extend, in a cantilever fashion, from a side wall of container at a position adjacent the bottom wall of the container substantially parallel to the bottom wall.

Abstract: A gas blowing plug and a manufacturing method therefor wherein the gas blowing plug includes a slit-shaped gas passage (22) ranging from the bottom to the top of the plug. The gas passage (22) is continuous or discontinuous in a horizontal cross section of the plug. The slit-shaped gas passage (22) is also continuous from the bottom to the top of the plug and slit-shaped gas passage (26) is discontinuous in a vertical cross section of the plug. In one example, the cross-sectional shape of the slit-shaped gas passage (22) is a pointed star.

Abstract: An electric heater assembly suitable for heating molten metal, the electric heater assembly having a sleeve comprised of a closed end suitable for immersing in the molten metal. The sleeve is fabricated from a composite material comprised of titanium alloy and having an outside surface to be exposed to the molten metal coated with a refractory resistant to attack by the molten metal having a sealant metal applied thereto; and an electric heater located in the sleeve in heat transfer relationship therewith.

Abstract: An apparatus for preventing bulging of both edges of a strip while preventing contamination of a roll surface in a twin roll strip caster including a meniscus shield (5) and a plurality of weirs (12).

Abstract: A convection heating system includes a hot zone enclosure defining a hot zone and a plurality of gas injection nozzles for injecting a cooling gas into the heat treatment zone of furnace. Each gas injection nozzle may include a flap disposed and pivotally supported therein for substantially preventing the escape of heat from the hot zone during a heating cycle, but for permitting the injection of the cooling gas into the furnace hot zone during a cooling cycle. A gas exit port may be provided and may include a flap pivotally mounted therein for impeding the unforced outward flow of a gas from the heat treatment zone during a heating cycle.

Abstract: A molten metal pump shaft coupling system for use in the coupling or connection of elongated shafts to other components and equipment, and for the disconnection thereof. A coupling with internal discontinuous threads may be coupled with an externally threaded shaft, with either continuous or discontinuous threads. Aspects of the invention include multiple external threads which may be pitched to accomplish a quicker and more efficient disconnect system. Furthermore, a shaft removal system is provided which provides two points of contact to assist in rotating a broken shaft end out of a coupling.

Abstract: Device and process for manufacturing a metal foam. The device includes at least two feed pipes for introducing gas. The at least two feed pipes are arranged next to one another. Each of the at least two feed pipes project into a foamable melt.

Abstract: A device for dispersing gas into molten metal includes an impeller and a shaft having a first end and a second end. The second end of the shaft is connected to the impeller and the first end is connected to the drive source that rotates the shaft and impeller. The impeller includes a bottom surface, one or more cavities open to the bottom surface, one or more gas-release openings and a connector. The shaft has a gas-transfer passage therein. A gas source is connected to the first end of the shaft. Gas is transferred through the gas-transfer passage and exits through the gas-release opening(s). At least some of the gas enters the cavities where it is mixed with the molten metal being displaced by the impeller. The configuration of the impeller causes the gas and metal to mix efficiently throughout the molten metal bath. Also disclosed are dual-flow and tri-flow impellers that can be used to practice the invention.

Abstract: The process and the device serve for decreasing the oxygen content of a copper melt. One or more [porous] flushing plugs, from which a scavenging gas emerges, are arranged in the perpendicular direction in the lower region of the copper melt. The scavenging gas ascends into the copper melt, and the copper melt itself is electrically stirred. The copper is initially melted in a shaft furnace, and then it is led to a treatment furnace via a transportation channel. As a result of flowing out of the [porous] flushing plugs, the scavenging gas ascends into the copper melt both in the region of the transportation channel and also in the region of the treatment furnace. The scavenging gas flows out of at least one of the [porous] flushing plugs with a composition corresponding to 30% to 70% reducing gas and 70% to 30% inert gas.

Abstract: A purge plug adapted to be replaceably attached to the bottom of a lable for purging gas through a heat in the ladle. The purge plug comprises a ceramic body having at least one through gap which extends between the end faces of the body and a casing which encloses the body. The gas is fed to the external end face of the body in order to flow, at a predetermined pressure, through said gap to the internal end face of the body and into the heat. The ceramic body comprises an external, essentially sleeve-shaped body portion and an internal, truncated cone-shaped body portion. Between them said gap is arranged. The internal body portion is movable in relation to the external body portion and is pretensioned by a resilient means in a direction towards the heat to close the gap. A gas supply pipe is connected to a space beneath the external end face to open the gap.

Abstract: A tool or fluxing head for fluxing molten metal that comprises a fluxing gas supply line that communicates with the interior of an inverted plunger cup providing a hollow interior into which refining agents and other additives that are to be introduced into a molten metal can be incorporated. In use, the fluxing head is introduced into a molten metal body with the plunger cup in the inverted position. The inverted plunger cup has a closed top at the point where the gas supply line enters and an open bottom that allows molten metal to enter the inverted cup to make contact with the refining agent or other additive. Apertures are provided in the wall of the inverted plunger cup to allow gas introduced therein to escape therefrom. According to a preferred embodiment, a porous layer is provided at the top of the inverted plunger cup to allow for the escape of gas into the molten metal through the porous layer.

Abstract: A method of heating molten aluminum in a container utilizing gas stirring means.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for supplying cesium by using an injector is disclosed in the present invention, which increases vaporization efficiency and stably supplies cesium gas for a long period of time. The apparatus includes a mass flow controller controlling an amount of an externally introduced inert gas, a pre-heater pre-heating the inert gas introduced through a first gas flow tube from the mass flow controller, a cesium storage unit emitting cesium by using a pressure gas supplied through a pressure gas supplying tube, an injector emitting the cesium supplied from the cesium storage unit, and a cesium vaporizer vaporizing the cesium emitted from the injector and emitting the inert gas introduced from the pre-heater through a second gas flow tube along with the cesium gas through a third gas flow tube.

Abstract: An inline degassing apparatus for removing solid solution gases as well as nonmetallic inclusions from molten metal in a degassing container, to which the molten metal is continuously introduced for degassing operation and from which the degassed molten metal is continuously removed. A rotary diffusing device is arranged in the degassing container for generating bubbles of inert gas diffused into the molten metal, thereby entrapping solid solution gases as well as nonmetallic inclusions into the bubbles, which are then floated and separated. Heaters are provided, which extend, in a cantilever fashion, from a side wall of container at a position adjacent the bottom wall of the container substantially parallel to the bottom wall.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a dynamic control system that maintains an inert gas feed at a constant target gas flow rate sufficient to prevent or reduce alumina or alloy plugging within a slide gate discharge opening. The dynamic control system includes a gas feed line extending between an inert gas supply and the slide gate discharge passageway, a gas flow regulator, a pressure gauge; and a gas feed flow control that detects an amount of incoming inert gas lost through leaks in the system and adjusts the gas flow regulator in response to the detected amount of incoming gas flow loss so that the adjusted incoming gas feed continues to deliver the target inert gas flow rate to the discharge passageway.

Abstract: A gas blowing plug and a manufacturing method therefor wherein the gas blowing plug includes a slit-shaped gas passage (22) ranging from the bottom to the top of the plug. The gas passage (22) is continuous or discontinuous in a horizontal cross section of the plug. The slit-shaped gas passage (22) is also continuous from the bottom to the top of the plug and slit-shaped gas passage (26) is discontinuous in a vertical cross section of the plug. In one example, the cross-sectional shape of the slit-shaped gas passage (22) is a pointed star.

Abstract: The invention describes a refractory component (1, 4) provided with means of injecting or conveying (5, 16) gas and means of delivering said gas from an external wall of the component to said means of injection (5, 16), the means of delivery of the gas comprising a part of enlarged cross-section (7, 17) extending from an external wall of the component and a part of reduced cross-section (8, 18) communicating, at one end, with the inner end of the part of enlarged cross-section (7, 17) and, at the other end, with the means of injecting or conveying gas (5, 16), the said component also comprising a seal (12, 22) fitted against the inner end of the part of enlarged cross-section, said seal (12, 22), comprising an orifice at least partially in register with the communicating orifice (11, 21) between the parts of enlarged and reduced cross-section, which is characterised in that the seal (12, 22) presents a cross-section substantially similar to the cross-section of the enlarged part (7, 17).

Abstract: A gas blowing plug and a manufacturing method therefor wherein the gas blowing plug includes a slit-shaped gas passage (22) ranging from the bottom to the top of the plug. The gas passage (22) is continuous or discontinuous in a horizontal cross section of the plug. The slit-shaped gas passage (22) is also continuous from the bottom to the top of the plug and slit-shaped gas passage (26) is discontinuous in a vertical cross section of the plug. In one example, the cross-sectional shape of the slit-shaped gas passage (22) is a pointed star.

Abstract: A device for feeding gas in a melt of foamable metal by means of at least one pipe for producing metal foam. The gas insertion pipe projects inwardly into the melt and at the projecting end has a gas outlet having a cross section of 0.006 to 0.2 mm2 and a pipe face area of less than 4.0 mm2. A flowable metal foam has gas bubbles defined by walls of a liquid metal matrix with solid reinforcing particles, and the diameter of the largest gas bubbles divided by that of the smallest gas bubbles is less than 2.5.

Abstract: A metal melting closed furnace which includes a main chamber, a circulation wall connected to the main chamber by a communications passageway and a vortex well having a exit outlet for molten metal into the main chamber. A cover is emplaced over the vortex well. An inert gas bubble activated molten metal pump is provided in which there is an entry port in the circulation well and exit port tangentially arranged with respect to the periphery of the cavity. This exit port will typically be at or near the top of the vortex well. In order to reduce oxidation, inert gas bubbles are captured from this molten metal pump and are transported to an inert gas atmosphere or blanket above the molten metal vortex.

Abstract: An injection lance (26) for injecting hot gas into a vessel includes an elongate gas flow duct (31) which receives hot gas from a gas inlet structure (32) and an elongate central tubular structure (33) which extends within gas flow duct (31) from its rear end to its forward end. Adjacent the forward end of duct (31), central structure (33) carries a series of flow directing vanes (34) for imparting swirl to the hot gas flow exiting the duct. The wall of duct (31) downstream from gas inlet (32) is internally water cooled by flow of water through annular passages (43,44). The cooling water also flows through the interior of a duct tip (36) at the forward end of duct (31).

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a thixotropic metallic melt by simultaneously controlledly cooling and stirring the melt to form solid particles of a first phase suspended in a residual liquid second phase. Vigorous stirring of the metallic melt results in the formation of degenerate dendritic particles having substantially spheroidal shapes. The metallic melt is stirred to rapidly and efficiently circulate the forming semi-solid slurry. Circulation of the forming semi-solid slurry results in a substantially uniform temperature throughout. Through precision stirring and cooling, a semi-solid slurry is formed having a first solid phase of about 70-80 wt. % suspended in a second liquid phase.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating, in particular purifying or degassing, molten metal (40), comprising a component (10) exposable to molten metal to be treated and means (13) for imparting a rotary motion to the molten metal (40) about a substantially vertical axis. The apparatus is so arranged that during use at least part of a wear-exposed surface of the component (10) is temporarily or permanently in contact with molten metal (40), the contacting molten metal being in motion relative to the wear-exposed surface. The wear-exposed surface is coated with a slurry-applied protective coating (18A,18B) of refractory material in a heat stable binder, in particular an inorganic colloidal and/or polymeric binder, protecting the wear-exposed surface against erosion, oxidation and corrosion.

Abstract: A ladle is equipped with properly positioned side and bottom injectors for enhanced steel decarburization in a vacuum tank degasser. To facilitate the circulation of liquid steel in the tank the bottom injectors are positioned in a common segment in order to create a single loop of liquid flow. To enlarge the surface area exposed to vacuum, and to increase the active surface area, supplementary gas flow is provided by side injectors located at the upper sidewall. The active surface area is enhanced by breaking bubbles released from side injectors.

Abstract: A process is described for treating molten metal with a particulate treating agent. A melt of a metal, e.g. aluminum, is provided in a treatment vessel such as a ladle and a mixing impeller is positioned substantially below the surface of the molten metal. The impeller comprises a plate with a series of spaced blades extending from the surface of the plate. This impeller is adapted to provide high shear mixing with minimum vortex. While rotating the impeller on a substantially vertical axis, particulate treating agent is fed by way of an injection tube below the surface of the molten metal and into the region between the axis and periphery of the impeller. This causes a high shearing action in the region of the blades whereby the treating agent is quickly broken down into finely divided droplets that are at least partially molten and which are circulated within the molten metal.

Abstract: This apparatus is a furnace for heating molten material which employs oxygen-fuel burner assemblies. Preferably, the assemblies are submerged in the molten material. They are water cooled top down units with burner nozzles being off-set from the supply column. The apparatus utilizes one or more burners for each top down supply column. The supply column and attached burners can be rotated or moved in a manner to avoid the open chimney effect seen with fixed air-fuel burners of the prior art. These burners with an off-set nozzle like the letter L are rotated at high speed or oscillated to distribute the combustion in the form of gas bubbles or a gas curtain. In another embodiment, the oxy-fuel burners are not submerged. The nozzles are aimed at unmelted batch or the upper surface of the molten material for controlled splashing.

Abstract: A method of adding gasses to, and removing gasses from a molten metal is disclosed. A molten metal is passed from a metal making furnace and cascaded through a gas or a flame. The flame is generated by a combustion burner and has an inner core of a first gas and an outer core of a second gas which jackets the first gas. As the metal is cascaded through the flame or gas, the first gas is passed into the molten metal. In the alternative, the cascade of molten metal may be passed through the first gas, or the first gas may be mixed with molten metal. The first gas may be used to sparge, react with, degassify, or otherwise dissolve within the molten metal. The device of the invention comprises a vessel for receiving the molten metal, a transfer trough extending from the furnace toward the vessel, and a combustion burner positioned with respect to the transfer trough and the vessel.

Abstract: Apparatus for injecting gas into a vessel comprises a lance 26 having a gas flow duct 31 extending longitudinally from a rear end to a forward end (36) from which to discharge gas from the duct. An elongate body 38 disposed within the forward end of the duct is fitted with flow directing vanes 39 to impart swirl to the discharging gas. The tip 44 is internally cooled by water supplied and returned through supply and return passages 52, 56. Cooling water is also passed through internal cooling passages 66, 75, 76, 87 within vanes 39 and central body 38 via water supply and return passage 60 within the duct.

Abstract: A method of relining a vessel that is used to carry out a direct smelting process that produces molten metal under conditions requiring molten bath temperatures of at least 1000° C. is disclosed. The vessel is of the type that has a floor that is refractory lined, a side wall that is at least partially refractory lined, and a top wall, and at least two access openings to the interior of the vessel. The relining method includes the steps of cooling down the vessel, gaining access to the interior of the vessel via the access openings, relining the vessel, and re-starting operation of the process in a period of time of 21 or less days.

Abstract: Nozzle for device to inject oxygen and technological gases used in metallurgical processing of metal melting, the nozzle being suitable to emit a gassy flow at supersonic velocity, the nozzle having a conformation symmetrical to a central axis (x) defined by a throat arranged between the inlet and the outlet, the throat defining an upstream part with a convergent development and a downstream part with a divergent development which ends in the outlet mouth, the nozzle with the convergent/divergent development having a geometry such that the fall in pressure of the gassy flow from inlet to outlet has a hyperbolic tangent development. Dimensioning method for the nozzle as above, the method providing an inverse dimensioning approach wherein the geometry of the nozzle is adapted to the natural profile of the fall in pressure of the gassy flow according to a hyperbolic tangent development, thus obtaining an optimum variation of the aerodynamic parameters according to the natural laws of expansion.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for manufacturing molten pig iron by using a fine iron ore are disclosed. Coal is used to produce a reducing gas, and a fine iron ore is used to produce a molten iron and a reduced iron in a simple and efficient manner. The apparatus for manufacturing a molten iron by directly using coal as the fuel is as follows. A high temperature reducing gas is sent from a melter-gasifier to a fluidized bed lime stone calcining furnace to calcine the lime stone. The reducing gas is supplied to a second fluidized bed reducing furnace so as to manufacture a reduced iron directly. An off-gas from the second fluidized bed reducing furnace is supplied to a first fluidized bed reducing furnace (disposed above the second fluidized bed reducing furnace) to pre-heat and pre-reduce the fine iron ore. The calcined lime stone and the finally reduced iron are supplied to a melter-gasifier to manufacture a molten pig iron.

Abstract: Sequential processing of hydrogen rich and hydrogen deficient feeds (14 and 16) in a heat balanced, single molten metal bath (40) to produce both 90+ mole % hydrogen (90) and one or more lower purity vapor streams (140) is disclosed. The molten metal bath is heated by oxygen addition (18) to burn dissolved carbon from the bath and then cooled by sequential addition of two feeds with differing hydrogen contents. Preferably a 98% hydrogen product with a pressure of at least 2 atm., absolute is obtained, along with a lower purity hydrogen containing stream and a separate carbon oxides flue gas stream.

Abstract: A system for the injection of gasses into containers containing metals or fused alloys, consisting in a device which indicates the end of the useful life of plugs or refractory parts, intended for the injection of gasses into containers containing metals or fused alloys, provided by means of insertion of a metallic tube of carbon steel or stainless steel, into the refractory parts, which upon fusing in contact with the liquid steel, interrupts the flow of gas, indicating the end of the useful life of the system. The system further includes a mechanical device intended to provide safety and support for the plug at the bottom of the ladle, which ensures a perfect seating of the refractory assembly formed by the plug and the sub-plug, in addition to preventing leakage of steel. These two devices may also be used separately: the first, which indicates the end of the useful life of plugs or refractory parts; and the second, the mechanical device for safety and support of the plug at the bottom of the ladle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metallurgical reactor for the treatment under reduced pressure of a liquid metal (1) such as steel, contained in a ladle (2), of the type comprising a chamber (25), connected to a gas-suction plant (30) which can maintain a reduced pressure therein, and two tubular snorkels (26, 27), the upper ends of which emerge in orifices (35, 36) made in the bottom (28) of the chamber (25) and the lower ends of which may be immersed in said liquid metal (1) contained in said ladle (2), one (26) of said snorkels, called the "ascending snorkel", having means (29) for injecting a gas into its internal space for the purpose of creating a circulatory motion in the liquid metal (1) between the ladle (2) and the chamber (25) during said treatment, the reactor also comprising an enclosure (17) which is provided with means (20) for injecting a gas into its internal space, these means being suitable for creating a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure in the enclosure (17), and the ladle (2) being p

Abstract: A method and system of heating a body of molten aluminum, for example, contained in a heating bay, the method comprising providing a body of molten aluminum; projecting an electric powered heater into the body of molten aluminum; passing electric current through the element and adding heat to the body of molten aluminum. The heater is comprised of a sleeve suitable for immersing in the molten aluminum. The sleeve may have a closed end and is comprised of a composite material comprised of an inner layer of titanium or titanium alloy having an outside surface having a refractory coating thereon exposed to the molten aluminum, the refractory coating resistant to attack by the molten aluminum. An electric heating element is located in the sleeve in heat transfer relationship therewith for adding heat to the molten aluminum.

Abstract: An inert gas bubble-actuated molten metal pump, for the movement of molten metal in a molten-metal bath, which obviates the necessity of a heatproof and flameproof cover to counteract splashing and spattering at the surface of the molten metal bath above the pump, comprising an inert gas diffusion means at an upper end thereof, the diffusion means having an upper surface containing a multiplicity of small upwardly-opening apertures for the breaking up of large bubbles and the diffusion of small bubbles of inert gas upwardly therethrough. The pump includes a refractory block which comprises a conveying conduit which is preferably elongated in width and a spreader cavity in communication with both a passageway in the block for providing a source of inert gas and a lower end of the conveying conduit.

Abstract: A rotary gas dispersion device for use in a liquid aluminium treatment vessel is disclosed. The device is useful for reducing surface disturbance, splashing and vortices while maintaining the effectiveness of the treatment. Said device includes a rotor (1) consisting of a set of blades (5) and a substantially flat disc (4) thereabove. Gas is injected through the central hub and side ports (10) between the blades. The ratio of the outer diameter of the rotor to the diameter of the central hub thereof is of 1.5-4.

Abstract: An injector for injecting gas into a molten metal. The injector has a rotor that is rotatable about an axis of rotation, the rotor having a cylindrical projection-free side surface, a bottom surface, and a cavity for receiving molten metal located centrally of the rotor with respect to the axis of rotation. The rotor is provided with a plurality of openings in the side surface spaced around the rotor for ejecting molten metal and gas from the rotor upon rotation of the rotor about the axis of rotation. At least one opening in the bottom surface communicates with the cavity permitting entry of molten metal into the cavity, and a plurality of passages disposed in the rotor interconnect the cavity and the openings in the side surface. A gas passageway introduces gas into molten metal present within the rotor but lacks direct communication with the cavity, and is provided with at least one outlet opening into at least one of the plurality of passages to ensure regular and even gas distribution.

Abstract: Apparatus for moving and degassing molten metal in a conduit by delivering a gas jet into the conduit in the same direction as the metal is moving, so the momentum of the gas jet pushes the metal along its path of motion.