Abstract: The cold pressure welding apparatus includes a first holding part capable of sandwiching a first flat conductor, a second holding part disposed opposite to the first holding part and capable of sandwiching a second flat conductor, and a drive part for moving the first holding part and the second holding part. The drive part can move the first holding part and the second holding part between a first direction separated position and a close position along a first direction. The drive part can move the first holding part and the second holding part between a second direction separated position and a sandwiching position along a second direction.

Abstract: A gripper for a container-transporter includes a system, first and second arms with corresponding inner faces and a controller disposed between the arms to pivot the arms. A spring pre-loads the arms towards one another. Rollers at the control unit rotate about a central control-axis thereof. The faces are shaped such that, in response to the rollers' movement, they carry out an equiangular and symmetric pivoting between an opened and closed position of the gripper.

Abstract: A lighted sink includes a sink with a sink lighting assembly coupled to an upper end of the sink. The lighting assembly projects light downward and into the sink, which at the same time, protects the light emitting element from moisture and contaminants through a combination of protective walls that physically house the light emitting element and leave at least one side open to a transparent window that allows light to broadcast to and illuminate an interior of the sink.

Abstract: An Inflation Changing Tool is a tool having a C-clamp, handle, punch, angle iron, stopper and duckbill. The tool is configured to facilitate the removal and replacement of a milk inflator.

Abstract: A connector for connecting together first and second mechanical waveguides, including a first connector body having a first jaw portion provided with a first aperture for receiving the first mechanical waveguide therein, a second connector body having a second jaw portion provided with a second aperture for receiving the second mechanical waveguide therein, with the first and second connector bodies removably securable together, a first mediating body having an acoustic impedance lower than that of the first mechanical waveguide, with the first mediating body being inserted within the first aperture to be positioned between the first jaw portion and the first mechanical waveguide, and a second mediating body having an acoustic impedance lower than that of the second mechanical waveguide, with the second mediating body inserted within the second aperture to be positioned between the second jaw portion and the second mechanical waveguide.

Abstract: A high speed parallel manufacturing line for manufacturing insulated glass units, the manufacturing line including a front conveyor system, a back conveyor system, a shuttle mechanism that distributes glass lites to the front conveyor system and the back conveyor system, an insulated glass unit spacer applicator having a spacer dispensing head configured to apply perimeter spacer material to one of the glass lites, the spacer head being proportionally movable relative to the glass lite as the glass lite is conveyed on the front conveyor mechanism to apply the perimeter spacer material to create a spacer applied lite and a gas press. A secondary edge sealing unit has a first secondary edge sealing head and a second secondary edge sealing head, each of the first secondary edge sealing head and the second secondary edge sealing head applying edge sealant to portion of a perimeter of an insulated glass unit.

Abstract: An assembly press for producing an insulating glass element with two panes includes: two press elements arranged opposite each other with a working chamber defined by a spacing therebetween, the spacing being adjustable in a first direction to press together the panes; and a conveying device to transport the panes into and out of the working chamber in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, at least one of the press elements being adjustable in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions. The conveying device comprises first and second drivable conveying elements respectively including first and second support mechanisms to respectively support lower faces of the two panes during transport in a first and second transport planes. The first and second conveying elements are adjustable independently of each other such that the transport planes are located at different positions in the third direction.

Abstract: Disclosed are the ornamental design and utilitarian characteristics of a tool configured for associating an attachment-device (such as a joist hanger) with a structure (such as a ledger board). The tool comprises an alignment element that is placed in alignment with an edge defined by a structure so as to define an A-axis and B-axis location for associating the attachment-device to the structure.

Abstract: Disclosed are the ornamental design and utilitarian characteristics of a tool configured for associating an attachment-device (such as a joist hanger) with a structure (such as a ledger board). The tool comprises an alignment element that is placed in alignment with an edge defined by a structure so as to define an A-axis and B-axis location for associating the attachment-device to the structure.

Abstract: A bullet puller includes a plastic carrier tube, a metal insert, an annular segmented support, a cap, and a handle. The plastic carrier tube has an opening at its upper end adapted to receive the cartridge and a head at its lower end adapted to be struck against a hard surface. The metal insert resides atop the upper end of the plastic carrier tube thereby protecting the upper end of the plastic carrier tube during use of the bullet puller. The annular segmented support is disposed atop the metal insert for engaging the cartridge. The cap movably secures over the opening at the upper end of the plastic carrier tube for moving the annular segmented support radially inward. The handle connects at one end to the plastic carrier tube for imparting motion to the plastic carrier tube to strike it against a hard surface.

Abstract: A game bird display device is provided that is configured to display multiple portions of a game bird from a single assembly. The display device is particularly suited for turkey birds, and comprises a rear mounting portion and a front mounting portion in parallel and spaced relation. The rear mounting portion is configured to be supported by a wall surface, while the offset between the portions accommodates the base of a turkey tail fan therein. Fasteners secure the base of the tail fan between the portions. Along the base of one of the portions is a game bird spur support member. The member supports a pair of turkey spurs in opposing relationship. Below or behind the game bird spur support member is supported the beard of the turkey. The display device therefore supports the tail fan, beard, and spurs of a game bird in one assembly.

Abstract: A quick adjustable clamp includes a first clamp jaw, a second clamp jaw, a driving screw and a nut. The second clamp jaw is extended with a receiving section. The receiving section is formed with a notch facing the first clamp jaw. The driving screw has one end pivotally connected to the first clamp jaw. The nut is mounted around the driving screw and configured to be movably received in the notch. For quick adjusting a span of the clamp, the nut can be removed from the notch, quick moved along the driving screw, and then reengaged by the notch.

Abstract: A link clamp for holding a part on a fixture has a housing with a bore with a longitudinal axis; a piston received in the bore and shiftable between retracted and extended positions; a clamping lever pivotally connected to one end of the piston; and a link assembly coupled for shifting the clamping lever between clamped and released positions. The clamping lever is configured to rotate relative to the housing in a single plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bore so that the clamping lever may be positioned on any side of the housing without altering the distance between the contact point of the clamping lever and the mounting flange of the housing.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a manual force reduction device for reducing a force required to initiate movement of a load by a separate mechanism. The device can have an energy storage mechanism that has a compressed position and a released position, and the energy storage mechanism can be operable to store a predetermined amount of energy when it is in the compressed position. A latch can be included and be used to hold the energy storage mechanism in the compressed position. At a desired time, a latch release can release the energy storage mechanism from the compressed position such that the predetermined amount of energy is released and transferred to the load.

Abstract: A clamping apparatus has a shaft (2) mounted in a housing element (1). The shaft (2) is rotated about an axis of rotation. One end of the shaft (2) is connected to a drive mechanism (3) disposed in the housing element (1). The other end of the shaft (2) is connected to an actuating element (4), in a torsion-proof manner. The shaft (2) implements a rotational and translational movement to the actuating element (4). The shaft (2) is mounted so that it can be displaced perpendicular to the axis of rotation in a guide element (5) connected to the drive mechanism (3). The guide element (5) is rotatably mounted in the housing element (1).

Abstract: A blade pipe has an exterior end and an interior end with a tube for receiving a lawnmower blade. A locking nut, threadedly received in the tube, retains the blade within the tube. A wrench pipe has an exterior end and an interior end with a recess adapted to receive a wrench. A threaded pivot pin extends radially from the wrench pipe adjacent to the recess. A slide has a blade end and a wrench end, an aperture adjacent to the blade end, and a pivot bolt extending through the aperture and threadedly received in the tube. The slide has a slot slidably receiving the pivot pin.

Abstract: An improved, removable clamping member for use with clamping devices, said clamping members configured in unlimited variations of shape, texture, and hardness and optionally being moveable relative to the jaws of the clamping devices. The improvements allow increased flexibility of use of the clamping devices over traditionally configured clamping devices with regard to difficult work pieces and environments. The interchangeable clamping members allow a single clamping device to be used for multiple applications, thereby making the invention a low cost and convenient alternative to multiple special purpose tools, as well as permitting quick and inexpensive replacement of wear elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a powered reciprocating saw. To simplify use of the saw, a clamping mechanism is provided which holds an object in position while it is sawn. The clamping mechanism is mounted at the front of the housing of the saw near the saw blade. The clamping mechanism comprises: a slide element for sliding movement in the cutting direction, a supporting member, and a clamping arm rotatably mounted on the slide element by a one way clutch to clamp an object therebetween in a clamping position below the saw blade. When the saw is in use, it vibrates. Since the clamping arm has a moment of inertia with respect to the axis of rotation of the one way clutch, the oscillating movement is transformed into a progressive rotational movement of the clamping arm to clamp an object.

Abstract: A motor pack for an electrically driven tool includes at least one electric motor and a linearly displaceable member coupled to the electric motor such that the linearly displaceable member is displaced axially by operation of the at least one electric motor. The motor pack further includes a housing enclosing the electric motor and at least partially enclosing the linearly displaceable member. The housing includes a front plate to which a tool head may be removably coupled. The front plate has an aperture formed therein through which the linearly displaceable element can be coupled to a moveable element in the tool head. The motor pack also includes tool control circuitry enclosed within the housing and electrically coupled to the electric motor to control operation thereof.

Abstract: A clamp device including a support frame member, a lower clamp unit and an upper clamp unit supported by the support frame member. The lower clamp unit has a pair of lower jaws and a first actuator for actuating at least one of the lower jaws between clamped and unclamped positions. The upper clamp unit has a first upper jaw and a second upper jaw, and a second actuator for actuating at least one of the upper jaws between clamped and unclamped positions, the first upper jaw being fixed for movement with one of the lower jaws.

Abstract: A clamp device including a support frame member, a lower clamp unit and an upper clamp unit supported by the support frame member. The lower clamp unit has a pair of lower jaws and a first actuator for actuating at least one of the lower jaws between clamped and unclamped positions. The upper clamp unit has a first upper jaw and a second upper jaw, and a second actuator for actuating one or more of the upper jaws between clamped and unclamped positions, the first upper jaw being fixed for movement with one of the lower jaws.

Abstract: A pivotable clamp is provided. One embodiment of the present invention comprises a clamp that includes a first member that is pivotably coupled to a second member. A third member is pivotally coupled to the second member. The first member is sized to slidably engage a rail that is part of a retractable cover system. An alternative embodiment of the present invention comprises a pivot block that includes a pivot slot. A rail engaging member is slidably coupled to the pivot block, and a pivot arm is pivotably mounted in the pivot slot. This embodiment may include a second pivot slot sized to pivotably receive the pivot arm.

Abstract: A motor pack for an electrically driven tool includes at least one electric motor and a linearly displaceable member coupled to the electric motor such that the linearly displaceable member is displaced axially by operation of the at least one electric motor. The motor pack further includes a housing enclosing the electric motor and at least partially enclosing the linearly displaceable member. The housing includes a front plate to which a tool head may be removably coupled. The front plate has an aperture formed therein through which the linearly displaceable element can be coupled to a moveable element in the tool head. The motor pack also includes tool control circuitry enclosed within the housing and electrically coupled to the electric motor to control operation thereof.

Abstract: A hook screw driver includes a first body, a second body having a first end pivotally connected to a first end of the first body, and a tightening member. The tightening member extends along a direction substantially perpendicular to an extending direction of the first body and an extending direction of the second body. The tightening member is movable between a first position at which a second end of the first body is spaced from a second end of the second body and a second position at which the second end of the first body presses against the first end of the second body, thereby securely holding a hook portion of a hook screw placed between the second end of the first body and the second end of the second body.

Abstract: A cantilever clamping device capable of clamping work pieces of variable sizes and shape is equipped with a quick release button at its fixed arm to release the threaded rod and hence the work piece. The Quick Release Cantilever Clamp utilizes a fixed arm and a movable arm with floating pads to clamp the work piece. Clamping action is achieved by turning the threaded rod, one end of which is connected to the movable arm and the other end is attached with a turning handle. Both the fixed arm and the movable arm are designed to have clamping teeth on the curved inner edges to clamp large size cylindrical work pieces and the floating pads are for smaller size cylindrical work pieces and work pieces of different shape and sizes. The fixed arm is equipped with two holes for attaching the optional base block to mount the clamp on a work surface.

Abstract: An electrically powered clamp has a housing, a motor attached to the housing, a ball screw driven by the motor via a belt, and a linkage driven at one end by the ball screw such that the linkage rotates an output shaft attached to the other end of the linkage. The motor and belt drive the ball screw between a fully extended position to rotate the shaft to a clamped position, and a fully retracted position to rotate the shaft to an unclamped position. A built-in computer monitors and controls the clamp. The clamp can also be controlled and monitored by a remote pendant. Indicator lights on the housing and remote pendant convey clamp status information. The clamp is programmable and can memorize the clamped and unclamped positions. The clamp uses velocity and position feedback to determine appropriate drive mode. Torque monitors and timers determine if the clamp becomes stuck.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for restraining movement of insulation during construction of a metal frame building. The apparatus having a plate with an opening, a hook member received by the opening, and a restraint holder. The hook member engages a girt to hold the apparatus in position. A restraint member extends from the holder to reduce movement of insulation, generally draped from an upper portion of a building frame, caused by wind prior to attachment of siding on a metal frame building.

Abstract: A gas turbine component such as a turbine blade is clamped into a fixture having a base upon which a remainder of the fixture is supported, a stop which limits the movement of the gas turbine component, and two clamp arms affixed to the base and controllably clamping against the lower side of the platform of the gas turbine component to force the gas turbine component against the stop. When the gas turbine component is clamped in this position, its root may be readily shaped as by grinding.

Abstract: An electrically powered clamp has a housing, a motor attached to the housing, a ball screw driven by the motor via gears, and a linkage driven at one end by the ball screw such that the linkage rotates an output shaft attached to the other end of the linkage. The motor and gears drive the ball screw to a fully extended position to rotate the shaft to a clamped position or to a fully retracted position to rotate the shaft to an unclamped position. A built-in computer monitors and controls the clamp. The clamp can also be controlled and monitored by a remote pendant. Indicator lights on the housing and remote pendant convey clamp status information. The clamp is programmable and can memorize the clamped and unclamped positions. The clamp uses velocity and position feedback to determine appropriate drive mode. Torque monitors and timers determine if the clamp becomes stuck.

Abstract: A vertical assembly table is designed to automatically assemble an insulated glass window structure consisting of two identical glass lites and an edge seal. The seal is added to one glass lite after washing, but prior to conveying to the vertical assembly table. The vertical assembly table includes two independent conveyor tables, each having a plurality of conveyor rolls. A pivotable subframe is associated with each roller table, with each subframe having a plurality of support arms coupled to a common pivot shaft. Each support arm is positioned between the rolls of the associated roller table. Each subframe is moved between a retracted position below a pass line of the roller table and a transfer position adjacent the other subframe in the transfer position. A transfer mechanism is provided for transferring a glass workpiece from one subframe to the adjacent subframe when the subframes are in the transfer position.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heating system for use with a transport carrier. The present invention makes the workability of a transport carrier compatible with the maintenance of positioning accuracy and imparts a general-purpose property. An electric wire-hanging member is provided on which a plurality of bundles of electric wires are hung in a parallel. A holder is provided for retaining the electric wire-connecting parts which are formed in bundles of electric wires on the electric wire-hanging member. Further, an electric wire sandwiching system for regulating the retention of at least the electric wire-connecting parts side of the bundles of electric wires which are hung on the electric wire-hanging member and for releasably retaining the connected bundles of electric wires.

Abstract: An electrically powered clamp has a housing, a motor attached to the housing, a ball screw driven by the motor via gears, and a linkage driven at one end by the ball screw such that the linkage rotates an output shaft attached to the other end of the linkage. The motor and gears drive the ball screw to a fully extended position to rotate the shaft to a clamped position or to a fully retracted position to rotate the shaft to an unclamped position. A built-in computer monitors and controls the clamp. The clamp can also be controlled and monitored by a remote pendant. Indicator lights on the housing and remote pendant convey clamp status information. The clamp is programmable and can memorize the clamped and unclamped positions. The clamp uses velocity and position feedback to determine appropriate drive mode. Torque monitors and timers determine if the clamp becomes stuck.

Abstract: The invention relates to a powered reciprocating saw, in particular, to a pruning saw. To simplify use of the saw, a clamping mechanism is provided which holds an object in position while it is sawed. The clamping mechanism includes a clamping arm that is mounted at the front portion of the saw housing near the blade by a one way rotary clutch such that the arm can freely rotate in only one direction. During use, the saw vibrates due to its reciprocating parts. Since the clamping arm has a center of mass spaced apart from the axis of rotation provided by the one way rotary clutch, a progressive rotational movement of the clamping arm results which thereby automatically closes to clamp the object to be cut.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transport carrier and a heating system for use therewith. The present invention makes the workability of a transport carrier compatible with the maintenance of positioning accuracy and imparts a general-purpose property. An electric wire-hanging member is provided on which a plurality of bundles of electric wires are hung in a parallel. A holder is provided for retaining the electric wire-connecting parts which are formed in bundles of electric wires on the electric wire-hanging member. Further, an electric wire sandwiching system for regulating the retention of at least the electric wire-connecting parts side of the bundles of electric wires which are hung on the electric wire-hanging member and for releasably retaining the connected bundles of electric wires.

Abstract: A clamp for clamping a workpiece such as a forging of an aerofoil component comprises a support body 24 to which a clamping member 26 is hinged. The clamping member 26 has a workpiece clamping element 54 having pads 58 for engagement with the workpiece. The workpiece clamping element 54 is pivotable relatively to the clamping member 26 by means of a ball and socket connection including a ball element 40. This enables the workpiece clamping element 54 to self-align with the profile of the workpiece, for example with a surface of the blade 6 of the aerofoil component.

Abstract: A tube clamping assembly comprising a first portion having a base and a clamping device carried on the base, and a second portion having a base and a clamping device carried on the base. The first and second portions are coupled to each other such that the portions may be adjusted relative each other. In another embodiment, the invention is a tube clamping assembly comprising a base, and a first movable clamp arm and a first stationary clamp arm coupled to the base for gripping a cylindrical workpiece therebetween. The tube clamping assembly further comprises a second movable clamp arm and a second stationary clamp arm coupled to the base for gripping a cylindrical workpiece therebetween, wherein at least one of the stationary clamp arms is removably coupled to the base.

Abstract: A magnetic clamp (20) for welding a magnetic object (504), includes a first magnetic member (22) and a second magnetic member (24). A hinge (26) connects magnetic members (22) and (24) so that an angle formed by magnetic members (22) and (24) may be changed. A spring loaded terminal (500) having a contact end (502) is disposed between first magnetic member (22) and second magnetic member (24). Magnetic clamp (20) may be attached to magnetic object (504) so that first magnetic member (22), second magnetic member (24), and contact end (502) all abut magnetic object (504). In a preferred embodiment, a removal tab (36) is connected to magnetic clamp (20) to assist in removing magnetic clamp (20) from magnetic object (504).

Abstract: A toggle lever clamping device has a bearing head (15) arranged on an actuating means (2), on which head a pivot unit (16), which comprises a clamping arm (22), may be moved between a release position and a clamping position. An abutment face (48) is provided on the bearing head (15) for presetting the clamping position of the clamping arm (22), such abutment being in the path of pivoting of the pivot unit (16) and serving for presetting the clamping position by cooperating with the pivot unit (16).

Abstract: A hand-held trigger grip drill bit holder for drill bit sharpening includes a hand grip adapted to be held in a user's hand and a clamp on the hand grip adapted to hold a drill bit for sharpening the tip on a grinding wheel. A trigger on the hand grip moves the clamp from a normally open position to a closed position to hold the drill bit. A sight is provided on the grip to allow visual alignment of the tip of the bit for proper sharpening of the cutting edges. In one embodiment, the sight takes the form of a loop. In another embodiment, the bubble isn't intended as a sight.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is a clamping device which comprises a first element and a second element which are arranged symmetrically, rotatably engaged and mutually constrained, and engagement means which are constrained firmly to the first element and envisaged to engage with the second element. The device is designed to operate from a resting position, in which the first element is in contact with the second element, and from a working position, in which the first element and the second element perform a clamping and constraining action on an object. In particular, both the first element and the second element are substantially made up, respectively, of a curvilinear part, designed to come into contact with the objects to be constrained, a straight central part and a flat end part. Furthermore, the engagement means comprise a spring engaged with a U-bolt and a chain which has a plurality of rings, each one of which being designed to hook onto the hooking means.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting a thermoformable material along its peripheral edges includes a frame forming a channel therealong for receiving the peripheral edges of the thermoformable material. The channel has an opening formed between first and second edges of the frame. At least one retaining arm is pivotally connected to the frame along the first edge and includes a distal end. The retaining arm is pivotable between an open position to allow insertion of the peripheral edge of the thermoformable material into the channel and a closed position for clamping the thermoformable material between the distal end and the second edge.

Abstract: A device for locating and locking components of sheet metal which are to be subjected to a welding operation comprises a fixed supporting element and a movable clamp element which can be closed over the supporting element. The movable clamp element is carried by a body which is supported by a fixed supporting structure through said fixed supporting element, to which said body is directly connected.

Abstract: A compact portable vise of the type designed to hold a fishing hook while a fly-like lure is formed, using methods known as "fly-tying," on the hook for use in the sport of fly fishing. The vise is particularly small to be shirt-pocket portable and alternatively may be supported by a clamp directly engaging a support or by a vise clamp that is mounted with screws on a railing, a gunwale, a board, or a tree, either fallen or erect. The vise head is connected to such support by an articulated arm that engages the support. The arm includes at least one pivot link that permits it to be bent about a first axis and a second pivot link connecting the vise head that permits the head to pivot on an axis perpendicular to said first axis and close to and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the head. These two pivot links permit easy and flexible manipulation of the vise head for viewing the work piece from a myriad of angles. The articulated arm bends to wrap around the clamp for compact storage.

Abstract: A force multiplying apparatus employs a pivoting clamping arm motion and then a subsequent linear clamping arm motion. A slotted swing arm and a slotted drive link are pivotably and slidably mounted to a relatively fixed body. A toggling action and coincidental sliding of pivots cause the multiplied closing forces.

Abstract: A diffusion bonding apparatus for pipes that are supplied downward from above comprising a lower block for holding a lower pipe and an upper block for holding and pressing an upper pipe against the lower pipe. In the apparatus, three or more hydrraulic cylinders are provided in a lifting member of the upper block about a joint where the upper pipe is held in such manner that the cylinders are located in a circumference of a circle.

Abstract: A cable sold device 10 comprises a top portion 14 and a base portion 12 which are connected with each other via a hinge 15 and define a space 18 for accommodating at least one cable C. The movement of the at least one cable C in the space 18 is restricted while the top portion 14 and the base portion 12 are closed with respect to each other. Further, an apparatus 500 for introducing the cables C into a grommet 6 comprises the cable hold device 510, a grommet hold device 510 for holding the grommet 6 substantially in line with the cables C, and an actuation mechanism 520 for causing a relative movement of the grommet hold device 510 with respect to the cable hold device 10.

Abstract: A clamp (200) for clamping stacked lumber (72) to prevent twisting and bending of the lumber or theft is disclosed. A horizontal member (274) goes under the lumber and is attached to a vertical member (214) at the back. A pressure bar (206) hinged to the vertical member goes on top of the lumber. When the front of the pressure bar is lowered to the top of stack, an automatic lock (222) retains the rear of the pressure bar at a fixed position on the vertical member. A brace (204) between the front of the pressure bar and the vertical member holds the pressure bar in position. The effective length of the brace is increased by means of a lever operated cam (202) which places 2000 pounds of pressure on the front of the pressure bar to clamp the stack.

Abstract: An apparatus for pressing and holding wooden boards flat in straight alignment and to correct any warpage of the board to achieve a true cut with a radial arm saw, dado cutter, or other such wood cutting equipment.

Abstract: A removable attachment for use with a hand-held tool is disclosed. The tool comprises a housing and a cutting blade mounted therein for continuous reciprocating movement during operation. The attachment comprises a work piece receiving member pivotally mounted to the tool housing. An adjustable clamping member is pivotally mounted to the work piece receiving member. An adjuster, movable between an engaged and a disengaged position, is operably connected to the clamping member for adjusting the clamping member so as to clamp a work piece positioned on the work piece receiving member for operation thereon by the cutting blade. A quick release mechanism is provided for quickly moving the adjuster between its engaged and disengaged positions.

Abstract: A holding device for padlocks having lock housings of different sizes. The holding device includes guides for positioning the padlocks so that a shell-plug assembly disposed within the lock housing is maintained at a prescribed location. The holding device is attached to a shearing apparatus for shearing assembly pins in the shell-plug assembly.