Abstract: An industrial fabric used in the form of an endless fabric belt to form and convey a nonwoven fiber web during the manufacture of a nonwoven fabric has a web-supporting surface which includes rough-surface yarns which inhibit movement, namely, slippage, of the nonwoven fiber web relative to the web-supporting surface. Preferably, the rough-surface yarns make long floats in one or both directions, that is, lengthwise and/or crosswise, on the web-supporting surface.

Abstract: A method for creating a nonwoven laminate fabric has steps of depositing a first nonwovne layer on a moving support, depositing a second nonwoven layer over the first layer, and conveying the layers under a manifold. The manifold has a plurality of jet clusters separated from one another by a distance. Water is directed form the jet clusters onto the underlying layers to thereby create a laminated fabric. Because the jet clusters are separated from one another, the laminate fabric is “pattern entangled”. Bundling occurs along substantially linear lines, with much lighter bundling in regions between the linear bundling regions. The result is a fabric with regions of relative strong entanglement and other regions of much lighter entanglement. When three layers are laminated, with top and bottom layers of thin veneer and a center layer of pulp the method of the invention has been discovered to result in a laminate fabric with particular utility as a flushable wipe product.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing a nonwoven web formed at least partly with hydrophilic elementary fibers which consist in: producing by carding a textile layer (10) which is then compressed and moistened; subjecting it to a bonding treatment using water jets acting at least against one of its surfaces; and transferring said bonded layer to a unit (32, 33) to be dewatered and dried. Said method is characterised in that, after the bonding treatment (20) with water jets and before drying and delivery, the pre-bonded and moistened layer is transferred to a supplementary unit (28) to be treated by the action of one or several series of water jets, said unit comprising a mobile suction surface in the form of a drum covered with an open-work structure (30) consisting of a wire-mesh fabric, comprising successive raised and recessed zones.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a durable and imaged flame-retardant nonwoven fabric that can be used for flame-retardant apparel and other related applications. The fabric is formed by providing a precursor web consisting of a blend of melamine fibers and aramid fibers. The precursor web is hydroentangled on a three-dimensional image transfer device for formation of the fabric. The resultant fabric provides desirable air permeability and Thermal Protective Properties.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of forming a nonwoven fabric, which exhibits a pronounced durable three-dimensional image, permitting use of the fabric in secondary carpet backing of carpet backing systems so as to reduce deformation under normal use (walking) and provide better coverage in carpet system applications. In particular, the present invention contemplates that a fabric is formed from a precursor web comprising a spunbond and/or cast scrim, which when subjected to hydroentanglement on an imaging surface, an enhanced product is achieved. By formation in this fashion, hydroentanglement of the precursor web results in a more pronounced three-dimensional image; an image that is durable to abrasion and distortion.

Abstract: The inner circumferential surface of a suction pipe must be periodically cleaned as well as the inner region of the suction slit and especially the webs between the suction holes of the suction pipe. The aim of the invention is to facilitate said cleaning process. To this end, a standard cleaning spray gun is provided with a long cleaning lance comprising a rotor nozzle on the end thereof. In order to clean the suction pipe, said lance can be passed through a hole on the front side of the fixed suction pipe. The dirt released and the remaining suction water can thus be evacuated on the other front side in a problem-free manner.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for hydroenhancing fabrics is described. The method uses the force of pressurized liquid passing through elongated orifices and impinging on the fabric. The pressurized liquid exits in a coherent or columnar fashion from elongated orifices that are generally rectangular or linear in shape. The elongated orifices can be arranged so as to produce various effects on a web of fabric, including striping, graduated shading and seer-suckering. The elongated orifices also facilitate the hydroenhancement of high-warp-count fabrics without streak or moire effects. Liquid filtration can be relaxed without clogging the orifices, because the elongated orifices permit larger solid objects to pass. The use of elongated orifices also enhances the energy efficiency of the hydroenhancement process.

Abstract: The invention concerns an installation for producing non-woven textile webs comprising a conveyor on one side of which the non-woven textile web passes between an injector and a vacuum chamber driven in an oscillating motion. The resulting web bears no mark.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a non-woven fiber fabric comprising a plurality of perforated structures extending along the entire cross-section of said fabric. The inventive method consists of the following steps: in a first step, the matted fibers are placed on a belt screen to form a web of fibers; in a second step, the web of fibers is conveyed to a perforated-structure manufacturing unit, in a third step, the perforated structures are manufactured by mechanically impinging upon the fibers, whereby the mechanical impingement upon said fibers does not affect the mechanical and chemical structure thereof; and in a fourth step, the web of fibers provided with said perforated structures is compacted in a compaction unit for form a non-woven fabric.

Abstract: The present invention provides a web material useful as a tack pad comprising a non-woven cross-laid web which is needle-tacked and at least one of chemically or thermally-bonded and at least one major surface of which is impregnated with a tackifier. The invention also provides a dispenser that will accept a stack of tack pads. The dispenser is shaped to contain a stack of tack pads in position over an outlet opening in the bottom of the dispenser and to permit one access to one edge of the bottom pad of the stack. The edge is located inside the dispenser and the dispenser comprises an at least partially open front and a door mounted on the dispenser. The door may be pivoted between an open position and a closed position over the front. The door has turned-back side edges to fit around the dispenser to prevent dust from entering the dispenser. The bottom pad can be pulled downwardly away from the stack through the outlet opening.

Abstract: Provided is a water-decomposable fibrous sheet including fibers containing at least 3% by mass of fibrillated rayon. The fibrillated rayon has a degree of beating of at most 700 cc and has primary fibers of a predetermined fiber length and microfibers extending from the primary fibers. In the fibrous sheet, the microfibers are entangled with at least either of other microfibers and other fibers therein, and the surface friction resistance of the fibrous sheet in dry, measured according to the abrasion resistance test method of JIS P-8136, is at least three rubbing cycles.

Abstract: During the construction of the nozzle beam according to DE-A-195 01 738, the insertion slit for the nozzle strip (14) is sealed on the front side of the nozzle beam by means of a screwed cover (16,17). It is easier to exchange a nozzle strip (14) if a special closing unit (26) having an opening (3) for the nozzle strip is provided on the front side, and said opening (30) is closed in a liquid-tight manner by a simply fixed insertion mandrel (31).

Abstract: A process for face finishing fabrics, and in particular fabrics containing filaments, to provide them with good aesthetic characteristics is described. In addition, fabrics made from filaments having aesthetic characteristics and surface effects similar to those of fabrics made from spun yarns are described. Also, items of napery made from filaments and having good surface effects and low pick and snag performance are described. The process involves pre-abrading a fabric, such as one made from filaments, and then subjecting it to a high energy fluid treatment process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a nonwoven composite fabric that includes the steps of a) providing a first layer that includes splittable continuous fibers, b) splitting at least a portion of the splittable continuous fibers into split filaments, c) thereafter superposing a second layer and the first layer, wherein the second layer includes staple fibers, and d) entangling the first and second layers to form a composite fabric.

Abstract: A soft, durable, nonwoven fabric formed of hydroentangled synthetic polymer fibers in sheet form. The polymer fiber is surface embossed on at least one major surface with a predetermined pattern to provide a fiber sheet having enhanced dimensional stability. The fiber sheet is surface napped to soften the surface and disturb and make indistinct the surface embossed pattern. The pattern may preferably be a twill pattern, and the napping process is preferably a wire-napping process. The fabric can be constructed into blankets and numerous apparel items.

Abstract: Colored patterning of a web-shaped nonwoven or a composite made of a nonwoven and a fabric or knit is achieved by water jet needling. The nonwoven provided as the upper layer of two layers is provided with one or more colors or is colored or printed itself and is placed on a second nonwoven or a woven or one that has a different color. Then both layers are subjected to the water jets that displace the fibers, with the colored fibers in the first layer being displaced into the second layer to produce a pattern on the underside of the second layer. It is also possible, instead of colored fibers in the nonwoven of the upper layer, to move them when they are not colored into a second layer that can have any color.

Abstract: A nonwoven composite fabric having first and second fibrous layers reinforced by an intermediate scrim layer. The first fibrous layer may be an entangled fabric formed of staple length fibers or continuous filaments, and the second fibrous layer may be a thermally point-bonded fabric formed of staple length fibers or continuous filaments. The second fibrous layer bonds the scrim to the first fibrous layer and will mask the scrim in the finished product. The composite fabric is produced by placing the scrim in face-to-face juxtaposition with the first and second fibrous layers, and subjecting the resulting composite to the forces of high pressure fluid jets to break the bonds in the second fibrous layer and to cause the fibers or filaments of that fibrous layer to pass through the openings in the scrim and become entangled with the fibers or filaments of the first fibrous layer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of forming a nonwoven fabric, which exhibits a pronounced three-dimensional image that is durable to both converting and end-use application. In particular, the present invention contemplates that a fabric is formed from a precursor web comprising at least one support layer or scrim, which when subjected to hydroentanglement on a moveable imaging surface of a three-dimensional image transfer device, an enhanced product is achieved. By formation in this fashion, hydroentanglement of the precursor web results in a more pronounced three-dimensional image; an image that is durable to abrasion and distortion due to elongation.

Abstract: A nonwoven material which is formed of a blend of fibers diagonally needled together into an integral web for subsequent molded component parts.

Abstract: The nozzle beam on a device for producing liquid jets in order to impinge said jets upon the fibres of a web of continuous material guided along the beam consists of a beam housing extending along the working width of the continuous web of fibre material, whereby two longitudinal bores placed on top of each other are accommodated in said housing and are separated from each other by means of an intermediate wall provided with continuous boreholes. The nozzle strip required to produce the liquid jets is mounted in a liquid-tight manner in the lower part of the housing and is cross-flown by pressurized water. In order to enable more needle water to reach the fabric than is usual with such a construction, two strips of nozzles are mounted in a housing and must be provided accordingly with pressurized water.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to enhancing the cleaning of surfaces by the contact application of a non-apertured nonwoven fabric having a three-dimensional image imparted therein. The three-dimensional image of the non-apertured nonwoven fabric induces the formation of lather due to pronounced surface projections that come in contact with the cleaning surface and provide air passageways that are parallel to the plane of the substrate. The imaged nonwoven fabric disclosed herein exhibits low linting qualities thereby reducing the potential of fiber contamination of the cleaned surface and is sufficiently durable that the sample can be used in a brisk manner.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a hydroentangled nonwoven wipe, the outer surface of which exhibits highly entangled fibers whereas the inner layer exhibits lightly entangled fibers. In particular, the present invention contemplates that a fabric is formed from a fibrous batt that is subjected to fluidic energy, preferably hydraulic energy, applied to one or both faces of a fibrous batt. The hydraulic energy is moderated against the basis weight of the fibrous batt to achieve the degree of surface entanglement desired. Wipes formed in accordance with the present invention exhibit a sufficient degree of strength, softness, non-linting performance, and air flow so as to promote the formation of lather, while providing the necessary resistance to tearing and abrasion, to facilitate use in a wide variety of wipe applications.

Abstract: A spun bond mat, after collection on a perforated surface is consolidated by high velocity water jets and then subjected to heat treatment to crinkle or crimp the bicomponent or other multicomponent synthetic resin filaments.

Abstract: A method and device for manufacturing a nonwoven material by hydroentangling a fiber web by water jets at a high pressure, wherein the fiber web is supported by a moulded, close-meshed screen (12) of a thermoplastic material during the hydroentanglement. The screen can be reinforced with reinforcement wires (14).

Abstract: In the present invention, a hydroentangled and three-dimensionally patterned fibrous material is formed from a fibrous matrix to produce a nonwoven fabric of pronounced open area and enhanced physical properties, including abrasive, and particularly wet abrasive, performance. A three-dimensional pattern utilized on the forming surface results in the nonwoven fabric having a diaphanous gauze-like or cheesecloth-like presentation. A method of making a nonwoven material embodying the principles of the present invention contemplates the use of staple length fibers to facilitate economical fabric formation. Formation of the fibrous nonwoven fabric on a three-dimensional, image transfer device by hydroentangling imparts desired physical properties to the fabric such as the controlled placement of the fiber population relative to the desired three-dimensional pattern of the imaging device. This nonwoven fabric may be natural or colored.

Abstract: A method of forming a nonwoven fabric suitable for metal-finishing buffing operations includes providing a precursor web comprising polyester, staple length fibers, with hydroentanglement of the web effected to impart desired physical characteristics. Hydroentanglement is effected on a three-dimensional, image transfer device having an array of three-dimensional surface elements for patterning the fabric which is formed. Application of a binder composition lends desired durability to the fabric, with the binder composition preferably including a melamine polymeric composition to achieve the desired strength and abrasion resistance.

Abstract: A method for hydroenhancing fabrics is described. The method uses the force of pressurized liquid passing through elongated orifices and impinging on the fabric. The pressurized liquid exits in a coherent or columnar fashion from elongated orifices that are generally rectangular or linear in shape. The elongated orifices can be arranged so as to produce various effects on a web of fabric, including striping, graduated shading and seer-suckering. The elongated orifices also facilitate the hydroenhancement of high-warp-count fabrics without streak or moire effects. Liquid filtration can be relaxed without clogging the orifices, because the elongated orifices permit larger solid objects to pass. The use of elongated orifices also enhances the energy efficiency of the hydroenhancement process.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a method of making nonwoven fabrics, wherein the fabrics are formed from splittable filaments or staple length fibers having a plurality of sub-components which are at least partially separable. The filaments or fibers are at least partially separated into their sub-components attendant to hydroentanglement, which can be effected on a three-dimensional image transfer device. Improved physical properties, including improved tensile strength, elongation, and Taber Abrasion resistance are achieved.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of forming a nonwoven fabric, which exhibits a plurality of three-dimensional images whereby the fabric is comprised of at least a first and second three-dimensional image that are dissimilar from one another. The three-dimensional images may be imparted into the fabric in a co-planar arrangement, multi-planar arrangement, or by utilizing both arrangements within the same fabric. Further, the present invention contemplates a fabric comprised of a plurality of three-dimensional images which can provide the fabric with various physical and/or aesthetic performances.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of forming a two-sided nonwoven fabric, which exhibits a pronounced three-dimensional image that is durable to both converting and end-use application. In particular, the present invention contemplates that a fabric is formed from a first precursor web comprising a first fibrous matrix and a second precursor web comprising a second fibrous matrix. Between the first and second precursor web, a fluid-pervious support layer or scrim, is interposed and subjected to hydroentanglement on a moveable imaging surface having a three-dimensional image transfer device. By formation of a nonwoven fabric in this fashion, a three-dimensional image that is durable to abrasion and distortion due to elongation is imparted and a product formed which exhibits on its opposite surfaces the unique properties of the respective fibrous matrix used.

Abstract: A process for making a single layer or multi-layer nonwoven material having improved cross-directional strength and feel, and the nonwoven material made thereby, is described. The process provides a nonwoven material including at least one layer formed of polymeric continuous filaments. The layer(s) are formed in a continuous sequential manner, i.e., a subsequent layer being formed on top of a preceding layer or layers. Thereafter, in the absence of any prebonding, the layer(s) are subjected to hydroentanglement. The basis weight of the nonwoven material is from about 17 to 150 gsm. The nonwoven material has improved properties based on treating the layer(s) by hydroentanglement. Varying the number of water jets and the pressure of the water allows variance in the properties obtained in the final product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a nonwoven composite fabric that includes the steps of a) providing a first layer that includes splittable continuous fibers, b) splitting at least a portion of the splittable continuous fibers into split filaments, c) thereafter superposing a second layer and the first layer, wherein the second layer includes staple fibers, and d) entangling the first and second layers to form a composite fabric.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a non-woven fabric, in which a predetermined pattern of a forming body is transferred to a non-woven fabric immediately after or simultaneously with its formation by urging the non-woven fabric onto the forming body with water jets.

Abstract: A method of providing a color enhanced, patterned nonwoven based composite fabric wherein a hydroentangled, imaged nonwoven facing fabric exhibits variable fiber density in selected regions and where a colored backing material is laminated to the facing layer such that the color of the backing layer is observed as variable hues which coincide with regions of lower fiber density in the facing layer.

Abstract: A device for treating sheet-like material using water jets/needles. The device comprises a pressurize water supply body consisting of a feed chamber extending along the entire length of the body and inside which pressurized water is guided through a filter, and a distribution area distributing pressurized water along the entire length of treatment. The distribution area includes a plate (7) which is provided with microperforations, whereby the holes thereof define water needles which are directed against the surface of the material which is to be treated. The invention is characterized in that the microperforations (15) are provided inside inserts (13) which are made of a hard material. The inserts are set inside pre-made hoes (12) in the plate.

Abstract: A water disintegratable non-woven fabric having excellent water disintegratability and high wet strength can be obtained by a step of forming a fiber web from fibers having a fiber length of 10 mm or less, a step of applying a water jet treatment to the fiber web to obtain a fiber sheet having wet strength of less than 100 g/25 mm in MD and CD, the wet strength being defined by tensile strength at break of the fiber sheet, as measured by using a tensilon tester with a chuck distance of 100 mm, at a tensile speed of 100 mm/min to the fiber sheet which is cut into 25 mm width and 150 mm length and impregnated with water in an amount 2.5 times the weight of the fiber sheet, and a step of adding at least one binder selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, alkylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohol to the fiber sheet. The water disintegratable non-woven fabric is sufficiently bulky and has an excellent wiping effect.

Abstract: A nonwoven fabric, and method of production, are disclosed, wherein the nonwoven fabric comprises textile length fibers with a portion being thermally fusible. The fabric exhibits sufficient durability to withstand commercial dyeing processes, with the resultant fabric finding widespread applicability by virtue of its durability and aesthetic appeal.

Abstract: A method and plant for producing an air-laid non-woven web of cellulose fibers or of cellulose fibers mixed with synthetic fibers that includes at least one air-laying section for depositing fiber fluff into a layer upon a forming wire, an overlying second wire for transferring the layer of fluff to a third wire having a mesh count small enough for preventing the fibers from penetrating into the wire, and at least one nozzle for directing a water jet towards the fluff on the third wire, thereby hydroentangling the fluff into a coherent web. By the method and plant according to the invention, it is possible to produce hydroentangled fiber webs which are less expensive and have better absorption properties than hitherto known. The webs can be produced with weights between about 20 and 2000 g/m2.

Abstract: A wetlaid or foam formed hydraulically entangled nonwoven material containing at least 30%, by weight, pulp fibres and at least 20%, by weight, man-made fibres or filaments. The material has a basis weight variation in a non-random pattern in that it comprises a plurality of higher basis weight cushions protruding from one major surface of the material. The cushions as a main component comprise pulp fibres and are surrounded by a lower basis weight network which as a main component comprises the man-made fibres or filaments. The invention further refers to a method for making the material.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of forming a nonwoven fabric, which exhibits a pronounced durable three-dimensional image, permitting use of the fabric in floor underlayment of laminate floor systems so as to reduce acoustic feedback under normal use (walking) due to sound absorption and leveling of the floating laminate floor system applications. In particular, the present invention contemplates that a fabric is formed from a precursor web comprising at least one support layer or scrim, whereby when subjected to hydroentanglement on a moveable imaging surface of a three-dimensional image transfer device, an enhanced product is achieved. By formation in this fashion, hydroentanglement of the precursor web results in a more pronounced three-dimensional image, an image that is durable to abrasion and distortion.

Abstract: A pile carpet after tufting or the like is usually provided on the back with a latex precoat for stabilization and then provided with a foam back or an additional jute fabric. This environmentally hazardous method and the problem of recycling the foam back as well as the latex layer can be avoided If a nonwoven is applied instead to the tufted back of the carpet by water needling. This is possible with water needling in that the solidification of the pile fibers in or on the primary carrier takes place but no nonwoven fibers reach the visible side of the carpet. The back layer to be needled can also be made thicker and mote voluminous. Instead of a carpet, any other pile goods can also be stabilized in this fashion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of forming a nonwoven fabric, which exhibits a pronounced durable three-dimensional image, permitting use of the fabric in floor underlayment of laminate floor systems so as to reduce acoustic feedback under normal use (walking) due to sound absorption and leveling of the floating laminate floor system applications. In particular, the present invention contemplates that a fabric is formed from a precursor web comprising at least one support layer or scrim, whereby when subjected to hydroentanglement on a moveable imaging surface of a three-dimensional image transfer device, an enhanced product is achieved. By formation in this fashion, hydroentanglement of the precursor web results in a more pronounced three-dimensional image, an image that is durable to abrasion and distortion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a suction device for use in a textile machine, especially a water jet weaving installation. The suction slot between two glide strips for a transport device transporting the textile material terminates radially inwards in a stationary suction tube into the thicker wall of which a suction slot is milled across the entire working length, thereby removing the need for bores having intermediate webs that are soiled by the lint suctioned off. The longitudinal slot in the suction tube is held at the desired distance by U-shaped straps that are distributed across the length of the slot. Said straps are held on the suction tube by means of screws and are arrow-shaped in the zone of their base limbs so that the lint is unimpeded as it flows past this surface.

Abstract: A process for producing fancy woven fabrics having balanced hand characteristics on each of the face and back is described. The process involves hydraulically processing a fancy-woven fabric having spun yarns in the warp to force fibers from spun yarns which are dominant on one fabric surface through the fabric to regions to form a nap on the other surface of the fabric. The process achieves fabrics having balanced hand characteristics with superior strength to those formed by conventional napping and sanding processes. In addition, the patterns have good pattern clarity.

Abstract: The present invention describes a new mattress cover sheet with barrier effect against bacteria and parasites, consisting of a spunlace fibre based fabric. The spunlace fabric mattress cover can be produced in a structure with one or more layers, and can contain antibacterial substances. The sheet subject of the invention provides an effective barrier between the person and the mattress, in particular avoiding the transfer of pollutants from the mattress to the person and at the same time protecting the hygiene of the mattress itself.

Abstract: A method of forming durable nonwoven fabrics by hydroentanglement includes providing a precursor web comprising a blend of matrix fibers, lyocell fibers, and fusible binder fibers. The precursor web is subjected to hydroentanglement on a three-dimensional image transfer device to create a patterned and imaged fabric. Fabrics formed in accordance with the present invention exhibit significant improvements in strength while remaining drapeable and are capable of withstanding multiple laundry washing with nominal shrinkage.

Abstract: Lightweight, non-woven loop products for hook-and-loop fastening are disclosed, as are methods for making them and end products employing them. The products are non-woven webs of entangled fibers of substantial tenacity, the fibers forming both a sheet-form, bonded web body and hook-engageable, free-standing loops extending from the web body. The product is, in important cases, stretched before bonding to produce spaced-apart loop clusters extending from a very thin web of taut fibers. In important cases a binder is added to stabilize the product in its stretched condition. An example of the loop product is produced by needle-punching a batt of staple fibers in multiple needle-punching operations, applying a foamed acrylic binder, and then stretching the needled batt and curing the binder with the batt stretched. Other forming techniques are disclosed and several novel articles employing such loop products are described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of forming a nonwoven fabric, which exhibits a pronounced three-dimensional image that is durable to both converting and end-use application. In particular, the present invention contemplates that a fabric is formed from a precursor web comprising at least one support layer or scrim, which when subjected to hydroentanglement on a moveable imaging surface of a three-dimensional image transfer device, an enhanced product is achieved. By formation in this fashion, hydroentanglement of the precursor web results in a more pronounced three-dimensional image; an image that is durable to abrasion and distortion due to elongation.

Abstract: A buff is made from a non-woven fabric where the fibers are first carded and formed into a fairly thick fleece. The fleece is passed over a topographical surface on, for example, a moving belt or a drum. The fleece is subject to a bow-tie hydroentanglement process where many fine jets of water entangle the fibers on the topographical surface. Excess water is vacuumed from the system. The fabric is dried and chemically treated. With the fabric a variety of buffing tools are made, in wheel, belt or roll form. Tests against standard and mill treatment buffs show a remarkably lower fabric weight loss percentage and lower or normal operating temperatures. The fabric has exceptional mechanical strength having a tensile strength in excess of 650 N/50 mm according to DIN 29073/3. Preferably the fabric has a tensile strength of at least 1,000 N/50 mm in the machine direction and in excess of 900 N/50 mm in the cross direction according to such DIN.

Abstract: A pile carpet after tufting or the like is usually provided on the back with a latex precoat for stabilization and then provided with a foam back or an additional jute fabric. This environmentally hazardous method and the problem of recycling the foam back as well as the latex layer can be avoided if a nonwoven is applied instead to the tufted back of the carpet by water needling. This is possible with water needling in that the solidification of the pile fibers in or on the primary carrier takes place but no nonwoven fibers reach the visible side of the carpet. The back layer to be needled can also be made thicker and more voluminous. Instead of a carpet, any other pile goods can also be stabilized in this fashion.