Abstract: Nozzle (1) for manufacturing knotted yarn (11), having a yarn duct (2) in which knots are producible with the aid of air entanglement. The nozzle includes at least one air bore (3) having a longitudinal axis (A), which merges with the yarn duct (2) in a merging opening (4). Air is introducible into the yarn duct (2) through the air bore. The longitudinal axis (A) of the air bore (3) is disposed at an angle of less than 90°, preferably 65-85°, particularly preferably 78° in relation to a conveying direction (B) of the knotted yarn (11). A baffle face (5) is configured on the opposite side of the merging opening (4) of the air bore (3) in the yarn duct (2), so as to be substantially perpendicular in relation to the longitudinal axis (A) of the air bore (3).

Abstract: An improved system for fabricating alternating S/Z cabled yarn, for alternating S/Z twisted yarn and for (whether or not alternately) applying a torsion to a yarn, in which critical air flow conditions are obtained at least at the outlet of the torsion chamber of the devices. A method for fabricating alternating S/Z cabled yarn, for alternating S/Z twisted yarn and for (whether or not alternately) applying a torsion to a yarn under critical air flow conditions at least at the outlet of the torsion chamber used in the method, and a product according to these methods.

Abstract: A device for producing interlaced knots in a multifilament thread is described. The device includes a rotating nozzle ring having a circumferential guide groove and a plurality of nozzle bores opening radially into the base of the guide groove. A stationary pressure chamber, having a chamber opening and an air connection, is associated with the nozzle ring, wherein by rotation of the nozzle ring the nozzle bores can be connected in turn to the chamber opening of the pressure chamber. To permit an intensive air treatment of the thread, the dimension of the chamber opening in the pressure chamber and the spacing of adjacent nozzle bores on the nozzle ring are designed such that as the nozzle ring rotates a plurality of nozzle bores are simultaneously connected to the chamber opening.

Abstract: Techniques produce intertwining knots in a multifilament thread. In such techniques, an air stream pulse is generated by a nozzle channel opening into a treatment channel periodically with an interval between successive air stream pulses. During an interval, the air stream pulse is directed transversely onto the thread guided in the treatment channel so that a continuous sequence of intertwining knots is produced in the running thread. An auxiliary air stream is generated continuously or discontinuously and the auxiliary air stream and the air stream pulse are blown in together into the treatment channel.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing entanglements on a multifilament thread, has a treatment channel, has a nozzle bore that opens into the treatment channel and has an air supply device. The air supply device interacts with the nozzle bore in order to produce pulse-like compressed-air flows, wherein the compressed air is produced via a pressure chamber and a pressure source. In order in particular to control the pressure pulses produced in the pressure chamber, a volume store is arranged between the pressure chamber and the pressure source, wherein the volume store has a storage volume which is greater than a chamber volume of the pressure chamber.

Abstract: A device for producing interlaced knots in a multifilament thread is described. The device includes a rotating nozzle ring having a circumferential guide groove and a plurality of nozzle bores opening radially into the base of the guide groove. A stationary pressure chamber, having a chamber opening and an air connection, is associated with the nozzle ring, wherein by rotation of the nozzle ring the nozzle bores can be connected in turn to the chamber opening of the pressure chamber. To permit an intensive air treatment of the thread, the dimension of the chamber opening in the pressure chamber and the spacing of adjacent nozzle bores on the nozzle ring are designed such that as the nozzle ring rotates a plurality of nozzle bores are simultaneously connected to the chamber opening.

Abstract: A device for air interlacing (10) of a yarn (Y), comprising an interlacing chamber (24), a first entrance channel (22) for receiving the yarn (Y) at the device (10) entrance and feeding it to the interlacing chamber (24), and a second exit channel (23) for receiving the yarn from the interlacing chamber (24) and releasing it at the device exit, in which the interlacing chamber (24) is delimited by a first emitting wall (24a) bearing a nozzle (26) for the emission of a continuous jet of compressed air (31), and a second deflecting wall (24b), opposite the first wall (24a), suitable for receiving and deflecting the jet of compressed air (31) emitted by the nozzle (26) and intersecting the yarn to be interlaced, and in which the second deflecting wall (24b) is concave in shape both on a transversal plane and on a longitudinal plane with respect to the feeding path (11) of the yarn (Y) through the device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for producing a fancy knotted yarn. The treatment air is injected into the yarn channel as primary air via a main bore hole, and as secondary air preferably via two auxiliary bore holes. The introduction of primary air is designed to create a double air vortex, and the introduction of secondary air is designed to ensure the yarn transport and to stabilise the air flow in the yarn channel. The novel solution has surprising advantages in terms of a plurality of quality criteria, predominantly shorter opening lengths, a more uniform vorticity, a number of knots which is higher by approximately 10%, and the possibility of using coarser titers.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving multifilament textile yarn interlacing includes two spaced apart interlacing jet nozzles 2a and 2b positioned so that the yarn channels 4a and 4b of the two nozzles are aligned in a tandem relationship. High pressure air is injected into an upstream nozzle 2a with a velocity component tending to entrain or advance the yarn through the upstream nozzle 2a. High pressure air is injected into the downstream nozzle 2b with a velocity component tending to retard passage of the yarn through the downstream nozzle 2b.

Abstract: The invention provides an interlacing air nozzle for increasing the airtightness thereof, wherein the dual-leverage principle thereof enables front and rear top members to simultaneously move up and down, and the front top member is also capable of pressing horizontally downward without abrading the structure as a whole. The main body of the invention includes a front top member, a rear top member, a connection piece, a base, a front base, a sliding member and an airtight washer member. The airtight washer member that is flexible using a spring is provided within the front top member, and the up-and-down movements thereof are employed for horizontally pressing the sliding member having an air inlet and a yarning groove above, thereby increasing the airtightness and practical values thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pin assembly which keeps single-piece, two-piece or multi-pieced yarn processing elements, especially yarn interlacing spinnerets or thermal treatment elements, in an exact position during an entire service life, despite the extreme effects of preparations used. Instead of a traditional soldered joint or an adhesive connection, mechanical clamping means are used to fix the dowel pins to one part of the spinneret. Fixation of the dowel pins is not affected by heat or chemical preparations. The clamping means consists of a simple clamping ring holding the dowel pin in position directly inside the body of the spinneret between the clamping pin and an after-body. The novel positioning solution can be used with individual parts of spinnerets, parts of spinnerets in machines or multiple parts of spinnerets. The dowel pins enable the entire spinneret to be substantially miniaturized and allow narrow separation between various yarn runs, which was previously impossible.

Abstract: A method and machine for treating yarn may include feeding the yarn through both a heat treatment and an air jet texturing nozzle. The texturing nozzle may be supplied with compressed air, producing an air jet with a speed greater than Mach 1 in the yarn channel. The heat treatment may be performed before and/or after feeding the yarn through the texturing nozzle.

Abstract: The device (80) described can be used in universal fashion for the intermingling, relaxing, and/or thermosetting of filament yarn (50) in a melt spinning process. It comprises a treatment chamber (80, 81), which is capable of being filled with a gas under essentially static overpressure and increased temperature, and features an intake aperture (83) and an outlet aperture (84), designed for preference as nozzles, for the passage of the yarn (50), through which the gas can flow, under pressure relief, respectively in or against the direction of the run of the yarn (50).

Abstract: Apparatus for intermingling multifilament yarns, having an intermingling assembly with a thread channel (3; 11), and at least one blowing channel (5′, 5″; 6′, 6″) opening into the thread channel (3; 11), and capable of receiving compressed air, wherein the cross-section of each blowing channel (5′, 5″; 6′, 6″) increases in the direction of the thread channel (3; 11) and the thread channel (3; 11) for each blowing channel (5′, 5″; 6′, 6″) has a first segment (3′) before the opening of the blowing channel (5′, 5″; 6′, 6″), a second segment (3″) in the area of the opening of the blowing channel (5′, 5″; 6′, 6″), and a third segment (3′″) after the opening of the blowing channel (5′, 5″; 6′, 6″), whereby the second segment (3″) of the thread channel has larger cross-sectional areas than those of the first and third segments.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are disclosed for texturing a yarn product. The method includes the step of passing the yarn product along a yarn path through a liquid jet arrangement. The method also includes the step of applying a force to the yarn transversely to the axis thereof.

Abstract: A process for improving the uniformity of yarn finish application on the individual filaments of a rapidly advancing synthetic continuous monofilament, bonded multi-filament, multi-filament hosiery, textile, technical and industrial yarns includes imparting a pneumatic false twist to the advancing yarn having a wet finish thereon while the yarn is under a tension allowing the rapid opening and closing of the multi-filament yarn but preventing texturing or coherency from increasing by commingling of the yarn filaments in the false twister. A nozzle has a reduced friction and can either be used as a stand-alone air bearing or to apply finish within the nozzle. A plurality of finish delivery orifices open into the chamber in a low pressure zone inside the nozzle, and wherein the exact same or slightly greater pressure that is used for the compressed air supplied to the air delivery orifices is used to actuate the finish supplied to the plurality of the finish delivery orifices.

Abstract: An apparatus for making a nonwoven fabric including, between spinning nozzles and a top surface of an air-permeable endless belt running in one direction, air blow means spaced apart from the nozzles, a duct directly connected to the air blow means and a hood directly connected to the duct so as to cover the vicinity of the top surface of the endless belt so that the interior of the hood may be subjected to a suction effect exerted through the endless belt from below the endless belt.

Abstract: A relatively compact air jet is provided having a base and an operating part which is mounted on the base to rotate relative thereto to expose a yarn channel for threading. A straight air inlet through the base communicates with the yarn channel and has a valve member disposed within it. A connecting pin moved by a cam surface in the operating part acts on the valve member to open the air inlet when the operating part is in the operating position, but allows the air pressure on the valve member to close air inlet when the operating part is rotated to the threading position.

Abstract: Process for bulk-texturizing and simultaneous interlacing of medium or high-shrinkage multi-filament yarns carried out with a device in which the yarns are made to pass into single or multiple chambers where the yarns come under jets of steam or other gaseous fluid that cause simultaneously their shrinkage, bulk-texturizing and interlacing.

Abstract: A yarn blowing device used in conjunction with a nozzle is disclosed. The device comprises a base having air inlet in one portion, a housing provided on the other portion of base having a driving shaft with upper portion protruded above housing and lower portion received in bore, a cam mounted to bottom end of shaft, an engagement means provided in one side of housing, and a sliding block provided between base and housing having an opening in one portion for receiving cam and the other portion formed as member with an air hole. In use, rotate shaft and cam to reciprocatively move the engaged opening of sliding block along a predetermined direction such that air inlet of base may periodically be in and out of communication with air hole of sliding block for introducing high pressure air from nozzle to blow yarn passing through the member. Also, lift shaft to disengage cam from opening for pulling sliding block out of the device for cleaning.

Abstract: An apparatus for fluid treatment of yarn, which has a yarn passage and a fluid passage with a fluid outlet in the yarn passage, wherein the fluid passage has a substantially straight passage and an expanding passage existing between the end of the substantially straight passage and the fluid outlet, and that the width of the expanding passage in the direction parallel to the axial line of the yarn passage increases gradually from the end of the substantially straight passage to the fluid outlet.

Abstract: An aspirating jet piddler that has no moving parts and operates to achieve a soft laydown with reduced tangling.

Abstract: An apparatus for interlacing a multifilament yarn includes a housing with a conduit defined therethrough. A jet nozzle is configured with the housing. The jet nozzle includes a main channel symmetric to the yarn conduit axis and at least two side channels. The main channel directs a greater volume of pressurized air into a central region of the yarn conduit as compared to the side channels that direct a lesser volume of pressurized air to peripheral zones where substantially no interlacing of the yarn takes place.

Abstract: A yarn treatment jet has a yarn passage extending through the body of the jet and a fluid inlet intersecting the yarn passage transversely. In cross-section the yarn passage has a main part and a substantially parallel sided yarn controlling part which is of lesser width than the main part. The width of the fluid inlet is greater than that of the controlling part but less than that of the main part. The yarn is guided to run in the yarn controlling part which the fluid inlet intersects and the fluid is directed past the running yarn in the direction of the main part. The yarn guides are movable towards and away from the inlet and outlet ends of the yarn passage. A curved threading slot connects the controlling part with the outside of the jet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluid jet interlace apparatus and related methods for interlacing filaments into a yarn with the filaments intermingled with adjacent ones of the filaments and groups of the filaments to maintain unity of the yarn by frictional constraint between the filaments at periodic nodes along the yarn. The invention also relates to methods of making fluid jet interlace apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to: a non-interlacing expirating yarn bulker comprising a body having an enclosed yarn passage extending therethrough. The yarn passage includes an inlet region, a throat region and an expanding region. A single pressurized fluid channel extends through the body and intersects with the yarn passage in the throat region. Cross sectional areas at certain defined locations in the yarn passage exhibit predetermined relationships. In addition, the inlet region and the pressurized fluid channel both are symmetrical about a common reference plane of symmetry;a replaceable wear member insertable into a body of a jet having a yarn passage with an inlet region and a throat region. The wear member has an upstream face, a downstream face, and a channel extending therebetween. The intersection of the channel and the downstream face of the member defines a wear edge.

Abstract: An aspirating jet piddler that has no moving parts and operates by swirling a textile tow line pneumatically to achieve a soft laydown with reduced tangling.

Abstract: Process for bulk-texturizing and simultaneous interlacing of medium or high-shrinkage multi-filament yarns carried out with a device in which the yarns are made to pass into single or multiple chambers where the yarns come under jets of steam or other gaseous fluid that cause simultaneously their shrinkage, bulk-texturizing and interlacing.

Abstract: Either multiple open slot air jets 2 or multiple closed jets 102 interlacing yarn can be positioned side by side in abutting relationship so that the jets can be positioned in close proximity to decrease the centerline spacing for adjacent yarns. An open slot air interlacing jet 2 includes a yarn channel 20 and a threading slot 42 forming an opening on one side of the yarn channel so that yarn or yarn filaments can be inserted into the yarn channel. An air orifice 40 intersects the yarn channel and high pressure air injected through the air inlet or orifice 40 interlaces or intertwines the yarn or yarn filaments as they are drawn through the yarn channel 20. Thread guides 58, 60 located below the yarn channel axis and the tapered yarn channel sections permit the yarn to be drawn through the yarn channel 20 at an angle relative to the threading slot 42 so that the yarn cannot easily escape from the yarn channel 20.

Abstract: A textile yarn interlacing or intermingling jet nozzle 2 has a yarn channel 4, a threading slot 6 and an air inlet 8. The yarn channel 4 is formed between a top plate 40 mounted to a base 20 by bolts 70, 80 which secure both members to a nozzle support 90 to form the nozzle assembly. The threading slot 6 extends from one side and opens into the yarn channel so that a multifilament yarn can be inserted from the side. This threading slot 6 is formed by the lower surface 48 of a lip 46 on the top plate 40 and an upper surface 24 on the base. To insure that the sidewall 10 of the yarn channel through which the threading slot extends does not contain any sharp edges that could damage yarn, shoulders 34 and 42 are formed on the base 20 and top plate 40. When these shoulders abut, the upper and lower surfaces forming sidewall 10 are in the same plane and there are no offset or exposed edges to damage the yarn. The shoulders 34 and 42 are brought into abutment as a bolt 70 mounts the top plate 40 to the base 20.

Abstract: An air interlacing jet 2 includes a yarn channel 20 and a threading slot 42 forming an opening on one side of the yarn channel so that yarn or yarn filaments can be inserted into the yarn channel. An air orifice 40 intersects the yarn channel and high pressure air injected through the air inlet or orifice 40 interlaces or intertwines the yarn or yarn filaments as they are drawn through the yarn channel 20. The body 4 of the interlacing jet or jet insert 2 is a single piece member and the yarn channel 20 includes outwardly tapered sections 28 and 32 at each end. The tapered sections are formed by an EDM process. Thread guides 58, 60 located below the yarn channel axis and the tapered yarn channel sections permit the yarn to be drawn through the yarn channel 20 at an angle relative to the threading slot 42 so that the yarn cannot easily escape from the yarn channel 20.

Abstract: Multiple (at least two) differently colored or colorable feed yarns are fed from their respective yarn packages to a multi-position interlacer manifold assembly. The feed yarns are maintained separate and apart from one another and are passed in this separated state through individual interlacer jets associated with the interlacer manifold assembly. The individual yarns are thereafter conveyed to a conventional yarn processing system (e.g., an apparatus known colloquially in the art as a "Gilbos" apparatus) where they are entangled with one another to provide a finished yarn in which the individual yarn components remain substantially coherent throughout the finished yarn. The individual interlaced yarns thus become entangled with one another when subjected to the yarn processing system without substantial inter-yarn blending or commingling occurring (which blending or commingling would thereby cause the constituent yarns to become nearly indistinguishable from one another).

Abstract: A device for treating at least one running multifilament yarn with compressed air contains one continuous yarn channel (13, 14, 15) which is circular in cross section. Into a cylindrical middle section (14) of the yarn channel (13, 14, 15) three blowing medium feed holes (16, 17) empty. The axes of these blowing medium feed holes (16, 17)intersect the axis of the yarn channel (13, 14, 15) at one common point each at an angle of 15.degree. to 40.degree.. With this device it is possible to treat multifilament yarn (M1) which is supplied to the yarn channel (13, 14, 15) with an excess delivery of 0 to 15% and which is discharged, transversely to the axis of the yarn channel (13, 14, 15), from the device such that the filaments of yarn are uniformly intertwined with one another over the length of the yarn and thus no protruding loops are formed.

Abstract: A nozzle device for processing of synthetic yarns for intermingling or texturization. The nozzle device has a housing with an inlet end and an outlet end. The inlet end is located upstream in relation to the outlet end. An inner nozzle member is provided and has a conical outer wall portion and an essentially axial passage. An outer nozzle member is provided and has a conical inner wall portion. Both inner and outer nozzle members are kept in position within the housing. The conical outer wall section of the inner nozzle member and the inner wall portion of the outer nozzle member together form an outwardly conical gap having an upper or upstream end and a lower or downstream end. Inlet conduits or ducts are provided for passing a fluid into the housing and into a region thereof adjacent the upper end of the conical gap. The conical gap is defined by a generally annular cross-sectional area in any radial plane between the upper and the lower end of the gap.

Abstract: A bioabsorbable surgical suture which includes at least one multifilament yarn having at least one portion wherein the filaments of the yarn are entangled. The suture has a core formed by combining a length of the entangled yarn with a length of at least one other entangled yarn to form a plied yarn which is then entangled and twisted in a particular direction. This entangled and twisted yarn is then combined with another entangled and twisted yarn, both yarns having been twisted in the same direction. The combined yarns are then twisted together in the opposite direction to form a suture core.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating yarn with fluid which is designed to allow a yarn consisting of an as-spun multifilament to run between first and second components which have inner walls arranged facing against each other with a specified gap provided between them and to interlace the filaments by a fluid in order to provide the yarn with coherence. The first and second components are provided with at least one fluid conduit which is opened in their inner walls. These fluid conduits form a yarn treating region with axes of the fluid conduits and the inner walls of the first and second components. These fluid conduits are provided between the axes of the fluid conduits with a specified distance between them in a section which is substantially orthogonal with a running direction of the yarn and are arranged aslant so that the fluid ejected from the fluid conduits is directed to the yarn treating region.

Abstract: A gentle and fast process for heating yarns passing contactlessly through a heating apparatus. The process includes the steps of preheating a heat transfer has to a temperature above the desired final yarn temperature, feeding the preheated heat transfer gas to the yarn duct so that it impinges essentially perpendicularly on the moving yarn and along a length such that the yarn heats up to the desired elevated temperature within the heating apparatus. The present invention may be used for heating air jet textured yarns and for setting two component loops sewing yarns. The invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out the process including a preheating means, a duct in the form of a tube drilled with holes, feed lines, and a distributor chamber enabling the heat transfer gas to impinge radially upon the outside of the yarn moving contactlessly in the duct.

Abstract: A yarn bulking jet has a particular arrangement of the yarn passage through the jet and the two fluid conduits for directing fluid to opposite sides of the yarn passing through the passage is capable of providing control for entangling the yarn by increasing or decreating fluid flow in one of the two fluid conduits.

Abstract: A method for making a multifilament suture yarn includes jet entangling the filaments of the suture yarn prior to other operations such as twisting and braiding. A multifilament braided suture is made of air entangled suture yarns, such as by braiding. The suture may include a core constructed of entangled yarns, preferably in the form of a cabled core constructed of multiple entangled yarns plied together, the plied yarns being air entangled and twisted in a first direction. Multiple entangled plied yarns twisted in the first direction are combined and twisted in a second opposite direction to form a cabled core.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed to prevent yarn from melting when stopped in a high temperature fluid texturing jet. A heat sink is attached to the jet body and thermally insulated from the conduit supplying the high temperature fluid to the jet.

Abstract: Described is a method for quantifying interlacing characteristics of multifilamentary yarn, having nodes of a length and a width comprising, (a) measuring the length (L) of at least one node, (b) measuring the width (W) of at least each node measured in step (a) and (c) determining the value of the node harshness from the ratio of L to W for each node measured in step (a).

Abstract: A yarn interlacer is provided which, being of modular construction, possess a greater versatility for processing yarns of different types.

Abstract: The device comprises a body (1, 2) with a continuous yarn channel into which terminate a blast nozzle (7) and a threading slot (8). The yarn channel is defined by two hollow wall surfaces (11.1, 11.2 and 12.1, 12.3) emanating from respectively one rim of the orifice of the threading slot (8) and being symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry (E) containing the axis (A) of the yarn channel. The two wall surfaces contain jointly at least four component surfaces (11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3) of which at least two (11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3) are planar. The rim of the orifice of the threading slot (8) lying on the side of the blast nozzle (7) has a larger spacing from the plane of symmetry (E) than the other rim. Thread guides (13) are inserted in the body (1, 2) at both ends of the yarn channel, keeping the multifilament yarn to be air-bulked at a distance from the orifice of the blast nozzle (7).

Abstract: The device has a guide unit (1) enclosing a through hole with a conical inlet section (2). A needle unit (3) encloses a through yarn passage (4) arranged coaxially with the hole in the guide unit (1). One end of the needle unit (3) extends into the conical inlet section (2) and has a conical peripheral area (5) which, with the wall of the inlet section (2), forms a slot (6) for a blowing agent. The blowing agent is fed through a drilling (17) opening into the annular space (18) surrounding the needle unit (3) are pressed together by an elastic load, e.g. springs (11, 12). This arrangement accurately fixes the axial position of the guide unit (1) in relation to the needle unit (3), while the width of the slot (6) is accurately predetermined and unchangeable.

Abstract: Interlace jets are improved by providing yarn passageways that flare outwardly, being defined by surfaces that are gently convexly curved. A preferred stacked interlace jet assembly is provided with jet members of oval configuration.

Abstract: The air nozzle has a continuous yarn channel (3.1) into which terminate laterally an air feed bore (5) and a threading slot (4). The wall of the yarn channel (3.1) contains two cylindrical, for example circular-cylindrical wall sections, namely a baffle wall section (6.1) lying in opposition to the air feed bore (5) and a nozzle wall section (9.1) proximate to the air feed bore (5). The threading slot (4) terminates between the baffle wall section (6.1) and the nozzle wall section (9.1). The tangential plane (T) on the baffle wall section (6.1) at the rim (7) of the orifice of the threading slot (4) passes through the nozzle wall section (9.1). As a result thereof, the portion of the air stream exiting from the air feed bore (5) which is deflected by the baffle wall section (6.1) toward the orifice rim (7) of the threading slot (4), and then leaves the baffle wall section (6.1) in the direction of the tangential plane (T), does not enter into the threading slot (4).

Abstract: A continuous, high speed (greater than 800 meters per minute) process and apparatus enable the production of a multifilament carpet yarn having a degree of filament intermixture high enough so that a standard deviation of less than 6.0 results upon conducting a Standard Yarn Streak Potential Test, as described herein. The apparatus and process allow the production of a multicolored carpet yarn which exhibits a reduced tendency to streak and an increased retention of tip definition.

Abstract: Interlacing means are provided for the interlacing of multifilament yarns exhibiting a yarn channel. At given distances from the entrance and exit openings forming the yarn channel, yarn guides are so arranged that, with the supply of compressed air shut off, the yarn is laid onto the yarn channel so that it extends parallel to its longitudinal direction, and that the straight yarn sections, which are located between the entrance and exit openings of the yarn channel and the yarn guides, are inclined at acute angles to portions of the geometric longitudinal axis of the yarn channel. Furthermore, the blow angle of the blow nozzle is smaller than 90.degree.. The length of the yarn channel equals for smooth yarns maximally 40 mm and for texturized yarns maximally 30 mm. There results exceptionally high yarn advance speeds and a particularly good vortexing of the yarn.

Abstract: Strand material, such as yarns, tow or film, is processed through a fluid treatment apparatus which utilizes a polylaminar stack structure to form an elongate strand processing duct which has a strand inlet, a strand outlet, and a duct cross section which changes both in breadth and in height between the inlet and outlet.

Abstract: To improve the efficiency of a rotating air layer produced by an air injection nozzle and rotating in a substantially cylindrical space, the rotating air layer being intended to rotate a twisted fiber structure introduced through an inlet duct, there is provided a tube extension at the inlet duct. This tube extension forms a guide for the air flow injected tangentially and at an inclination by the air injection nozzle with respect to the direction of travel of the twisted fiber structure. As a result of this guide, the rotating air layer can form before it engages or contacts the twisted fiber structure. As a result there is increased the rotation of the engaged twisted fiber structure per unit length thereof, resulting in increased strength of the twisted fiber structure and the yarn ultimately produced therefrom with low air consumption.