Abstract: A folder for receiving papers or other loose articles comprising a side panel and a retaining tab made of a generally flexible material and mounted onto the side panel. The retaining tab has a pair of openings formed therein, the openings being shaped and located such that a writing instrument may be received therethrough such that the writing instrument is securely received in the retaining tab.

Abstract: A binder apparatus for holding materials and media in a binder, having a plurality of binders in opposing relation. The binders are positioned approximately parallel to and near opposing sides of a notebook constructed according to the invention and provide for a space-saving arrangement when mounted in shelves, and a stable configuration when stacked vertically in a pile.

Abstract: A portfolio includes a cover with a body. The body has a front, a spine, a back, and a pair of hinges. The body is made from moldable material that is molded to form integrally the front, the spine, the back, and the hinges. The moldable material of the body provides support to the portfolio and may be resilient to absorb shock. The body of the cover may include a plurality of features projecting from an outer side thereof. A number of such features may be disposed along the spine to provide a grip-like surface. The body may also be molded to include one or more accessory features or logo features. Stiffening structure may be provided to increase the rigidity of the cover, and a skin may be provided on an outer side of the body. The body, including the bonding of the skin to the body, may be formed in one step of a manufacturing process.

Abstract: A folder that has a spine that is hinged to two covers. The preferred covers have a convex portion that extends around a binding mechanism over most of the distance of that the binding mechanism protrudes inwardly from the spine support portion that extends outwardly with respect to a portion of the cover pivotably attached to the spine. A concave portion is located adjacent the convex portion towards the free end of the binder. The preferred folder portion of the binder has projections that are deformed through openings in the binding mechanism to secure the binding mechanism to the folder. A preferred cover has an arcuate cross-section extending parallel to the hinges.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a hardcover book, a laminated sheet is fed to the inner book spine with a wide roll machine, and the sheet consists of a paper-laminated gauze. The laminate is subsequently treated and has a flat fine creping with a lengthwise elasticity of 5-15%. The end of the laminate sheet is fed to the inner book (12) perpendicular to the lengthwise direction of the inner book spine and pressed onto the glued inner book spine followed by the 10 mm overlaps to either side. The joint material (36) that is applied is elastic perpendicular to the inner book spine. The inner book can then be trimmed and rounded, and the joint (36) stretches without losing stability or tearing.

Abstract: A kit for making an original holder is disclosed. In the kit, a holder 10 of A4 size with a paper fastener 7 is divided into two and provided as two members 11 and 12. The member 11, consisting of a front panel 1 isolated from other portions of the holder cover, is a substantially flat paper sheet and generally rectangular in standardized lengthwise A4 size which is adapted to be passed through common personal printers easily. The member 12 consists of the rest of the holder cover and a paper fastener 7. The rest of the cover is made with a single paper sheet in which a back panel 2, a spine panel 3, a pleat 4 and a joint portion 5 are defined by folding the sheet, and the paper fastener 7 is secured on the pleat 4. A double-coated adhesive tape 6 is adhesively bonded on the outside surface of the joint portion 5 along a line a—a. Upon making the holder 10 with this kit, the member 11 is fed through a printer and any desired designs are printed thereon.

Abstract: An adjustable book jacket and book cover combination for a book comprising a book jacket for covering said book cover wherein the book jacket contains printed indicia of the subject matter of said book, and the jacket indicia, by reason of graphics, color or text is susceptible to easy perception and identification when said book containing said book jacket is arranged in partial overlapping sequence from east to west. The book cover similarly contains printed indicia of the subject matter of the book and said cover indicia by reason of graphics, color or text being susceptible is also easy perceived and identified when said book containing said book cover is arranged in partial overlapping sequence from north to south.

Abstract: A kit and assembly are provided for organizing, viewing and locating photographs, for example, on pages of a photo album or scrap book. The kit or assembly may include a camera, a recorder, a digital organizer, a pen or pens, a mounting device, scissor and/or a stamp pad or the like. In addition, the kit or assembly may incorporate a magnifying sheet to assist in viewing the content of the pages of the photo album or scrap book.

Abstract: An album construction for holding and displaying printed folded cards comprising (a) a rectangular support having a center portion and two outer portions, said center portion being longitudinally shorter than the two outer portions and thereby forming two bounded slots at each end of the center portion; (b) an elastic cord having both ends attached to said rectangular support and being of sufficient length to encircle or wrap the center portion of the rectangular support at least twice and thereby produce a series of at least two taut elastic strands located immediately adjacent to each other whereby the fold of the printed cards may be held between one of the taut elastic cord materials and the rectangular support; and (c) an album cover having a central spine and two outer covers, said rectangular support affixed to the spine.

Abstract: A binder with at least one exterior pocket that extends along the outer exposed side of the binder is disclosed to provide additional capacity to provide easy access to selected papers, or to securely hold oversize sheets of paper, or items that are too bulky or excess items that would not fit between the binder covers. In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, an elastic cord may be coupled along the opening of the exterior pocket to provide additional tension along the pocket opening to securely seal the items held in the pocket.

Abstract: A folder that has a spine that is hinged to two covers. At least one of the covers has a support portion that extends outwardly with respect to a portion of the cover pivotably attached to the spine. The support portion is located between the hinged portion and another portion disposed opposite therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention provides an inflatable binder which has multiple air pockets which can be inflated by one or more air inlets. The binder is secured closed with a zipper or other enclosure. The material of the binder is a plastic sheet material or the like which provides for a water resistant binder. The inflated binder also provides cushioning to protect contents of the binder if dropped. In one embodiment, the front cover of the binder may have a central flat area surrounded by inflatable areas defining a frame, such that visual materials may be displayed from an inner pocket.

Abstract: The invention includes novel unibody binder constructions and the process of making same. The binder is composed of two plastic sheets comprising such material as polyvinyl chloride, polyolefin, polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate or other similar plastics. An uncompromised single piece of board or similar rigid material, such as chipboard, microflute board, corrugated board, fiberboard, etc., or a synthetic substrate, is then coated with a glue such as a resin glue, a U.V. adhesive, etc., on both sides and sandwiched between the plastic sheets. This sandwich is then formed into the unibody construction by welding the entire outer perimeter. At the time of welding, the air between the plastic sheets and the board is pressed or vacuumed out. To create the hinges on the binder, the unibody construction is then hydraulically creased to the extent necessary by using three moving blades to provide living hinges.

Abstract: An office binder, having a surface made of board, paper, coated paper, paperboard, or plastic film, on which a transparent film is attached over part of it surface via attachment surfaces in order to form a film pocket. A method for equipping the office binder, having a surface made of board, paper, coated paper, or plastic film, with a film pocket, in which a film having an adhesive side is laid onto the surface and is attached over part of the surface via adhesive attachment surfaces.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for producing folders of the kind comprising two cover sheets, a spine, which is connected with the cover sheets by means of creasing lines, and a binding agent, which is applied to the inside of the spine and which is activable to connect sheets inserted between the cover sheets to the spine. The binding agent is applied to the spine and to the cover sheets while the cover sheets are essentially parallel to each other and perpendicular to the spine.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for affixing book pages to a book cover is disclosed having a sheet of paper with at least one waxy side and two stickers, each having a first side, the first side being sticky and removably affixed to the waxy side of the sheet of paper. In the preferred embodiment, the two stickers are separated by a distance to accommodate the thickness of pages of a book. The apparatus also has a means for easy removal of the stickers from said sheet and is preferably done by having the sheet of paper extending beyond each of the stickers to allow for easy separation of the stickers from the sheet of paper. The stickers may be attached to the book pages by a variety of means such as staples, channel binding, or otherwise.

Abstract: A ring binder notebook is described which utilizes readily openable and closable snap rings and one or more covers that, unlike standard ring binder notebooks, are not restricted to either a closed (0°) or a half-open (180°) position—but may be fully opened (360°) back to front. This flexibility, previously possible only with standard spiral bound notebooks, is now achieved while still retaining the ability to readily add, remove, or rearrange the contents of the notebook. A notebook ring assembly is also described. The ring assembly has a shell, a pair of back plates, and one or more sets of longitudinally aligned binder ring members. Each binder ring member attached to the first back plate is transversely aligned with an opposing binder ring member attached to the second back plate. Each binder ring member attached to the first back plate is attached so that it extends away from the upper surface of the first back plate.

Abstract: A binder assembly has a partition or intermediate panel separating a ring binder compartment from a storage compartment. The binder assembly includes a spine, a rear cover, a front cover, and an intermediate panel. The rear cover and front cover are pivotally or flexibly mounted adjacent the spine. The rear cover and intermediate panel define a ring binder space for holding pages, closed on one side where the rear and front cover are secured to the spine, and being selectively open on the other three sides. A ring binder is mounted in the ring binder space near the spine. A front cover is pivotally mounted to the intermediate panel. The intermediate panel and the front cover define a storage space closed on one side where the front cover is secured to the intermediate panel and being selectively open on the other three sides. First and second zippers extend around the three open sides of the binder and storage space, respectively, to fully enclose contents of the binder assembly.

Abstract: A learning materials delivery system contains an instruction unit. The instruction unit has a number of instruction sets, and each instruction set corresponds to a lesson in the instruction unit on an instruction subject. Each instruction set bears indicia corresponding to the instruction subject and includes a first instruction document, a second instruction document, and optionally one or more resource documents. The documents include information relating to the instruction unit and the instruction sets.

Abstract: An insert for a window formed in a binder spine. The insert can be separate or part of a binder sheet. The insert is readily removable from said spine to be relabeled to indicate the materials located in the binder. The insert can be pivotally mounted relative to the spine or can be provided with openings that resiliently connect the insert to the rivets that secure the spine to the ring holder.

Abstract: A binder for storing collectibles in holder pages of a material dissimilar to the binder cover. The sheets of pages are fastened to each other and to the binder cover by ultrasonically sealing the sheets directly or indirectly through the internal surface of the cover to a concealed anchoring rib of the same material as the holder pages, which anchoring rib is disposed and secured in the spine of the cover. A method of manufacturing a binder for storing collectibles is also disclosed in which a series of sheets of pages is superimposed over the internal surface of the binder cover and then the sheets are fastened by ultrasonically sealing them to the cover by means of ultrasonic sealing tools which pierce and fuse the sheets along the desired line of attachment to form a single booklet, and then continue directly or indirectly through the internal surface of the cover to contact a concealed anchoring rib of the same material disposed in the spine of the binder.

Abstract: A clip for securing cut sheets of image bearing medium to a notebook or picture book is provided that has an inverted U-shape. The clip is made of an elastic material that has a latch on either end to attach to a cavity in either a notebook, picture book, or similar device. The clip can be made symmetrically so that it can be operated while in a reversed orientation. By producing the clip as a detachable piece, repairs to a picture book become trivial because one can discard the broken clip and simply replace it without needing to discard the entire picture book. Furthermore, this type of paper binding means is ideal for children and the handicapped as the clips can be made of low enough rigidity to enable them to be simply operated, while reducing the odds of accidents resulting from sharp edges or metallic parts. Manufacturing efficiency is increased because the clips and the notebooks can be produced separately and sold disconnected.

Abstract: An attachment for a folder includes a handle and a boot attachable to a folder. The boot has a boot recess in which a handle body of the handle is received when the handle is in a retracted position, in which the boot surrounds the handle body. A support member of the handle is attached to the handle body and is movably associated with the boot below the boot surface. Thus, the handle body is retractably extendable from the retracted position to an extended position in which the handle body is spaced from the boot back for enabling grasping of the handle body by a user.

Abstract: A binder for sheets of paper comprises a bendable cover and a binding system secured centrally of the cover. The binding system has a one piece plastic construction comprising a base portion with first and second bosses formed from and located to either side of the base portion. The first boss has a plurality of spaced apart recesses and the second boss has a plurality of spaced apart posts which lock into the recesses of the first boss when the binder is folded upon itself in a binding position. Also provided are first and second sets of ribs again formed from the base between the first and second bosses. The ribs are hollow and are open from beneath to ease the bending of the binding system when the binder is folded to the binding position.

Abstract: A device for use in inserting a label into a holder or pocket comprises a pair of laminar members of low friction material of a size and shape corresponding generally to that of the label so as to be adapted to lie against opposite surfaces of the label to reduce frictional resistance between the label and the surfaces of the pocket to facilitate insertion of the label, a central portion of one of the members being removed at the end which is first inserted into the pocket and the other member being shorter in length, whereby following insertion pressure may be applied through the container or pocket to the portion of the label at said central location to hold the label in position during withdrawal of the device. An alternative form of device incorporates locating devices at intervals along its length for use in inserting labels of different length.

Abstract: A folder or loose leaf type binder has a novel spine construction using a rigid sheet with a pair of spaced apart creases to form a spine stiffener with adjacent cover stiffeners. Since the cover stiffeners extend only partially into the cover portions of the folder, a natural break occurs in each of the two covers which, in turn, makes the folder easier to handle, prevents the covers from closing inadvertently, and allows the pages of the folder to lay at a preferred attitude and angle.

Abstract: A two-piece cover for binding a stack of loose sheets into a booklet or brochure is disclosed. The cover includes a front cover panel and a rear cover panel. The rear cover panel includes a cover portion and a spine portion. The spine portion includes a front side and a back side, and is adapted to be folded to securely bind the stack of loose sheets within the cover. The spine portion includes a plurality of score lines respectively defining fold sections. The cover further includes a first second and third adhesive strips respectively coupled to the back side of the first fold section, the back side of the fourth fold section, and the front side of the fifth fold section. In use, the spine portion is folded along the third score line to create a recess between the second fold section and the third fold section into which the loose sheets of paper may be placed and secured.

Abstract: The present invention is a modular binder which allows for the quick exchange of binder covers and/or pocket inserts such that the user can customize his or her binder to a particular need or situation. The binder includes a ring assembly with a guide member attached near one end of the ring assembly. A first fastener portion is attached near a second end of the ring assembly. The binder includes a binder cover configured to receive the guide member. A second fastener portion is attached to the cover such that when the guide member is received by the cover, the first and second fastener portions can be releasably secured to each other. The modular binder also includes a pocket insert configured to be captured between the ring assembly and the binder cover.

Abstract: A wallet/pocket credit card accounting book used for keeping records of credit card charges and credit card credits. The accounting book provides a convenient way of storing a credit card and storing charge and credit receipts. The wallet/pocket accounting book includes a front cover with a side of the front cover having a back cover fold line. The back cover fold line joins together the front cover and a back cover. Disposed at the bottom of the front cover is a pocket cover fold line. The pocket cover fold line joins together the front cover and a pocket cover. The pocket cover includes a credit card slit therein. The credit card slit is used for receiving a portion of a credit card therethrough and storing the credit card inside the wallet/pocket accounting book. The pocket cover also includes a first flap fold line and a second flap fold line. The first and the second flap fold lines join the pocket cover with a first and a second flap.

Abstract: A photo album assembled with the minimum use of machinery. Making use of a special designed multipurpose plastic holder, a stack of paper or a stack of plastic pockets, a plurality of posts and two pieces of special designed cover panels. By using the multipurpose plastic holder and special designed cover panels, the photo album may appear in different structural looks.

Abstract: The filing device in which a binding fastener 2 fixedly attached to a folder body 1 can be demounted from the folder body 1 with accompanying plastic deformation or destruction of the parts of the filing device, and is characterized by that the binding fastener 2 is fixedly attached to the folder body 1 by a binding mechanism 3 which fastens the binding fastener 2 to the folder body 1 and which enables the binding fastener 2 to be released from the folder body 1 with a relative movement of the binding fastener 2 to the folder body 1, and an engaging lock mechanism 4 which prohibits the relative movement.

Abstract: A sample book binding system for retaining a plurality of sample sheets includes a plurality of rotatably interlocked sheet holding members arranged in side by side relationship. The sheet holding members are provided with a plurality of linking segments which are interdigitated to provide an aligned axial bore for receiving a pintle. At least two adjacent linking segments are spaced apart to provide an opening which captures a deformed section of the pintle for releasably locking the pintle within the linking segment. The removal and insertion of additional sheet holding members may be accomplished upon removal of the pintle.

Abstract: A portfolio includes a rectangular piece of a canvas material having an outer peripheral edge, a rectangular peripheral piece of a vinyl material having an inner peripheral edge that slightly overlaps the outer peripheral edge of the canvas material, with an inner surface of the inner peripheral edge and an outer surface of the outer peripheral edge being heat sealed to each other with a predetermined stitching pattern, a first cardboard rigidifying member positioned to an inner surface of the canvas material corresponding to a top panel of the desk folder, a second cardboard rigidifying member positioned to an inner surface of the canvas material adjacent to the first rigidifying member, corresponding to a bottom panel of the desk folder, with a spacing between the first and second rigidifying members which defines a narrow binding edge which connects together side edges of the top and bottom panels, a vinyl backing member positioned over the first and second rigidifying members being heat sealed to the viny

Abstract: An educational reading device having a core leaf of a first thickness and a plurality of secondary leaves having a thickness less than the first thickness, the secondary leaves connected to the core leaf to dispose a portion of the core leaf intermediate two secondary leaves. The device includes a three dimensional sculptured head connected to the core leaf and a foot for orienting the device in an upright orientation. The secondary leaves are connected to the core leaf to permit the secondary leaves to be opened as a book.

Abstract: A ring binder assembly includes a folder comprising front and rear flaps interconnected by a spine, a pair of low-profile receptacles attached to an inner surface of the spine, and a ring mechanism whose tubular rivets have mushroomed feet designed to be seated in the receptacles. The receptacles open in opposite directions so that the ring mechanism is installed with a swiveling motion. A method of shipping the binders, unassembled, is to place a stack of a number of folder opened flat in a box, leaving just sufficient head space for a corresponding number of ring mechanisms arranged side-by-side in a single row at the top of the box. The binder assemblies can be quickly completed by the retailer, or by the end purchaser.

Abstract: A printed article such as a book structure or assembly comprising a plurality of pages including printing thereon, each of said pages characterized as having a defined cutout region, said pages joined together at a spine such that the cutout region in each page is in alignment with each other cutout region, said figurine attached to said printed article at said spine within said defined cutout region.

Abstract: A document cover formed of a thin sheet material of synthetic resin, includes a front cover portion, a rear cover portion, and a fold portion formed in a boundary portion between the front cover portion and the rear cover portion. The fold portion includes a plurality of fold lines formed at intervals, whereby the cover can be folded easily in the vicinity where documents are bound, and after the front portion of the cover is once opened, the opened state of the cover can be held as it is.

Abstract: A plurality of U-shaped springs are hingedly attached by the arms of the U to a pair of covers forming a hinge on each cover and a channel configured to receive an article in the channel through the hinges.

Abstract: A casing for a binder or book is disclosed in which there is at least one stiff panel portion and a thermoplastic sheet for covering the panel portion with the end and/or edge portions of the sheet being folded under and secured to the underside of the panel portions. The sheet comprises between about 30% and about 55% copolymer of propylene and ethylene; from 0% to about 12% propylene homopolymer; between 0% to about 20% high density polyethylene; between about 23% and about 35% calcium carbonate or talc filler. The product is especially adapted for high speed machines for making binder casings.

Abstract: A photo album includes a binder shaft which has a receiving space therein for receiving APS film cartridges, and an opening communicated with the receiving space for passage of the APS film cartridges. Top and bottom cover sheets and picture holding sheets are hinged to the binder shaft. A cover can close the opening. The picture holding sheets have a plurality of picture pockets which are 3 inches in width and 10 inches in length for receiving three common specifications of APS picture types.

Abstract: A detachable metal binder designed to be detached from a file when needed by a user and a file having this detachable metal binder. A detachable metal binder in which a bottom plate (20a) is mounted on a spine (10a) of a cover (10) by means of a connecting pin (14) comprises restricting means (24) provided in each corner of the bottom plate (20a), the restricting means comprising a locking hole portion (24b) for locking a clamping portion (14c) of the connecting pin (14), a passing-through hole (24c) through which the clamping portion (14c) is allowed to pass, and a guiding opening (24a) for establishing a communication between the passing-through hole (24c) and the locking hole and allowing the movement of a shaft portion (14b) of the connecting pin (14) that connects an extended diameter head portion (14a) and the clamping portion (14c) thereof.

Abstract: A ring binder assembly includes a folder comprising front and rear flaps interconnected by a spine, a pair of low-profile receptacles attached to an inner surface of the spine, and a ring mechanism whose tubular rivets have mushroomed feet designed to be seated in the receptacles. The receptacles open in opposite directions so that the ring mechanism is installed with a swiveling motion.A method of shipping the binders, unassembled, is to place a stack of a number of folder opened flat in a box, leaving just sufficient head space for a corresponding number of ring mechanisms arranged side-by-side in a single row at the top of the box. The binder assemblies can be quickly completed by the retailer, or by the end purchaser.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a book, the book consisting of a cover and an inner book, the book cover is permanently shaped by the formation of folds in the articulation region thereof prior to being joined to the inner book. In the course of forming the folds in the cover, the covering material thereof is caused to undergo plastic flow and to be shaped so that beneficial stresses are created in the fold defining regions. The back of the cover may also be permanently shaped substantially simultaneously with the formation of the folds.

Abstract: A book with releasable and resecurable pages is disclosed. The pages are between two covers and secured along their edges to a binding by an inherently tacky adhesive.

Abstract: A connected document such as a school book, catalog, etc . . . separable in independent detachable portions, so as not be have to transport but the useable portion or portions to be able to file, reclassify, replace, complete these independent subassemblies without having to manipulate all of the document, comprised by a cover and detachable portions (1) such as notebooks, magazines, pockets for loose-leaves, provided with securement elements coacting in a detachable manner with complementary reception elements secured to the cover of the document, characterized by the use, to ensure the securement of the detachable portions (1), of staples (2) or pins (3) secured to the back of these portions (1) by the use of resilient receives (4) fixed within the back of the cover, in combination with recesses (5) provided in the staples (2) or pins (3) adapted to be engaged in the receivers (4).

Abstract: A binder which can be opened on both sides, comprising a modular backstrip and two side parts, each side part being detachably connected to either side of the modular backstrip. Said side parts are detachable connected to each other with mounting posts and matching insertion holes. Said side parts detachably connected to the modular backstrip with insertion elements and matching recesses. Slide lock means are also provided.

Abstract: An assemblage of a "jewel box"-packaged CD and a point-of-sales cardboard holder in the use of which holder a CD replicator loads the CD through a front opening into an internal box-like configuration having an interposed position between an external book-like configuration, and wherein both mentioned configuration components of the holder are adapted to advantageously be shipped flat to the replicator's facility to facilitate transportation and storage handling, and wherein further the flat condition is the result of not closing a rear opening of the box-like configuration which has no adverse consequence because a spine means of the book-like configuration serves as a closure for this rear opening when used in its intended book mode.

Abstract: An apparatus for securing a binder to the spine of a cover with rivets. A pair of rivet supports holding two rivets in a support position over a pair of anvils is movable between release and support positions with a biasing spring returning the rivet support to the release position. A drive shaft moves the pair of rivets in a downward vertical direction terminating in a downward stroke so as to drive the plain ends of the rivets through the cover spine and the binder. Drive linkage connected to a horizontal rotatable drive bar activated by a lever activates the drive shafts to a limited lowered position and a raised position. The anvils receive the plain ends of the rivets and make the plain ends of the rivets into second heads upon termination of the downward stroke of the drive shafts whereby the rivets secure the binder and the cover spine. Keepers prevent lateral and transverse movement of the binder and and cover.

Abstract: A binder apparatus including a replaceable outer cover. The outer cover is formed of a completely recyclable material such as paperboard to allow it to be recycled after it has been removed from the ring binder mechanism. The spine of the outer cover is releasably connected to a ring binder mechanism having hinged rings for holding papers and the like by a removable rivet assembly inserted through corresponding apertures in the spine and the ring binder mechanism. The removable rivet assembly includes a sleeve having a plurality of arms, and a pin having a shaft and a head. The shaft of the pin is inserted into the sleeve and holds the arms on the sleeve outward against the ring binder mechanism, thus securing the spine of the outer cover to the ring binder mechanism. The rivet assembly is inserted into the corresponding apertures in the spine and ring binder mechanism such that, when the rivet assembly is in place, the head of the pin contacts the spine of the outer cover.

Abstract: This folder (10) includes covered pocket portions (12, 14) connected by a spine (16) and each separately reinforced. The reinforcing for one portion (12) includes a slide-stiffener assembly (20) and the reinforcing for the other portion includes at least one stiffener (160, 260) separated from the slide-stiffener assembly (20). The slide-stiffener assembly (20) includes a base unit (22) housing a sliding extension member (40) which can be extended to bridge the spine (16) to hold the two pocket portions (12, 14) in an open position and provide a rigid writing surface and retracted to permit the folder (10) to be folded for storage by the user.