Abstract: Positioning system for determining an operating position of an aerial device, comprising a mobile distance metering device configured to determine a distance between the distance metering device and a remote environmental surface point and to record the determined distance as distance data, wherein the distance metering device comprises a transmission interface configured to transmit recorded distance data; a mobile terminal comprising a receiver interface configured to receive distance data transmitted from the distance metering device, a memory configured to store dimension data related to physical dimensions of an aerial device, processing means configured for calculating a position and/or a position range of the aerial device within a virtual space from the distance data and the dimension data, and a display configured to display the virtual space comprising a representation of the position and/or the position range of the aerial device within the virtual space.

Abstract: A window manufacturing system includes a first processing unit in which a process of providing a dummy substrate on a stage is performed, a second processing unit in which a process of providing a dummy adhesive layer on the dummy substrate is performed, a third processing unit in which a process of providing a window layer on the dummy adhesive layer is performed, and a fourth processing unit in which a process of providing a protective cover on the window layer is performed. The fourth processing unit includes a pressurization unit which presses the protective cover to the window layer.

Abstract: An electrical wiring harness assembly includes a wiring harness formed by bundled electrical lines, and including breakouts diverging from a main trunk. A sleeve guide encloses a compound junction formed by the main trunk and the breakouts and includes a plurality of breakout guide tubes receiving the plurality of breakouts and fixing outgoing trajectories of the plurality of breakouts from the main trunk in a 3-dimensional pattern where the outgoing trajectories all differ, relative to the center axis of the sleeve guide, in at least one of a longitudinal, a circumferential, or an angular aspect.

Abstract: A cabinet system includes a first vertical end support and a second vertical end support. The first vertical end support and the second vertical end support are each formed from a plurality of metal tubes. The cabinet system also includes a plurality of horizontal stringers that extend between the first vertical end support and the second vertical end support. One or more of the horizontal stringers is configured to support a countertop. The cabinet system further includes a plurality of lateral stringers that extend between the first vertical end support and the second vertical end support. At least one of the lateral stringers is a toe kick.

Abstract: An automated wire insertion machine for inserting wires into grommet cavity locations of an electrical connector includes a controllable wire insertion robot and a processor to generate pre-generated plug maps based upon an original plug map of the grommet cavity locations and to control the wire insertion robot based upon one pre-generated plug map to insert the wires into the grommet cavity locations. The pre-generated plug maps are generated by defining a range of potential error of the grommet cavity locations that includes at least one of a potential rotational error and a potential translational error, defining an acceptable tolerance of the grommet cavity locations that includes at least one of an acceptable rotational tolerance and an acceptable translational tolerance, and calculating offset values of the grommet cavity locations based on the range of potential error and the acceptable tolerance, thereby generating the plurality of pre-generated plug maps.

Abstract: Aspects described herein include an end effector having an interface system that includes a body member attached to a mounting plate, and a plurality of strength-varying features at a plurality of regions of the interface system. The plurality of strength-varying features encourage the body member to repeatably deform into a deformed configuration. The end effector further comprises a vacuum port in fluid communication with an inner recess of the body member, and a plurality of actuators that apply a force to the mounting plate to pivot a portion of the mounting plate and deform the body member into the deformed configuration.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an electronic device and a cable organizing assembly. The electronic device includes a main structure with a body and the cable organizing assembly. The body has a penetration hole passing through the body and extends from a bottom surface to form a wall having a notch. The cable organizing assembly includes a cable fastening member fixed at the wall and correspondingly sealing the notch. The cable fastening member includes multiple cable grooves for fastening at least one cable. The central axis of each cable groove is not parallel to the central axis of the penetration hole. Cables pass through the penetration hole from one side of a top surface, become bent, and are fixed on one side of the bottom surface of the body by the cable organizing assembly. Thus, a liquid from the exterior is unlikely to enter along the cables into the interior.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus for detecting pixel defect of optical module, and a device, where the method includes: graying an image obtained by imaging a test binary image by an optical module in a darkroom environment to obtain a first grayscale image; determining a first grayscale area and a second grayscale area corresponding to two gray levels in the test binary image from the first grayscale image; determining a pixel point not matching a grayscale feature of respective grayscale region from the first grayscale area and the second grayscale area respectively as a pixel defect point; and determining the pixel defect of the optical module according to the pixel defect point. The technical solution provided in the present disclosure can detect accurately a pixel defect of an optical module which is advantageous in optimizing the processing technology of the optical module.

Abstract: A bonding apparatus includes a bond head structure, an optical unit and an actuator unit. The bond head structure includes a bond head collet, a connecting unit to which the bond head collet is attached and a look-through passage extending through the bond head collet and the connecting unit along a central axis of the bond head structure. In use, the bond head collet holds an electrical component to be bonded to a bonding area of a base member and the optical unit is positioned relative to the bond head structure to view and inspect the electrical component through the look-through passage of the bond head structure. The actuator unit moves the connecting unit of the bond head structure based on the inspection of the electrical component by the optical unit, to align the electrical component with the bonding area of the base member.

Abstract: A mounting state informing apparatus includes a database, an acquisition unit, a first specifying unit, a comparison unit and an output unit. The database stores information upon a mounting position and a direction of each of multiple components belonging to a processing apparatus. The acquisition unit acquires first appearance data, which is obtained by a 3D scanner, indicating a state of an appearance of the processing apparatus. The first specifying unit identifies the multiple components based on the first appearance data and specifies a mounting position and a direction of each of the identified components. The comparison unit compares the specified mounting position and the specified direction of each of the identified components with the information upon the mounting position and the direction stored in the database. The output unit is configured to output a comparison result obtained by the comparison unit.

Abstract: One or more sensors are mounted on a collar proximate to a motor shaft of a motor. The motor is associated with an electric submersible pump (ESP) located in a wellbore of a geological formation. The one or more sensors sense one or more identifiers located on the motor shaft of the motor. One or more of a rotation direction and rotation speed of the motor shaft is determined based on the sensing of the one or more identifiers. The motor is powered to pump fluid from a reservoir in the geological formation to a surface of the geological formation based on the one or more of the rotation direction and rotation speed of the motor shaft.

Abstract: A feeder including: a feeder main body with a supply position, the feeder being configured to supply an electronic component from an electronic component housing section that houses many of the electronic components one by one to the supply position; and a handle attached to an upper surface of the feeder main body, the handle being made from a flexible strip member so as to be able to change shape.

Abstract: A window manufacturing system includes a first processing unit in which a process of providing a dummy substrate on a stage is performed, a second processing unit in which a process of providing a dummy adhesive layer on the dummy substrate is performed, a third processing unit in which a process of providing a window layer on the dummy adhesive layer is performed, and a fourth processing unit in which a process of providing a protective cover on the window layer is performed. The fourth processing unit includes a pressurization unit which presses the protective cover to the window layer.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a calibration apparatus includes a jig body, a camera, an elongated strip which is deflectable and resilient, a lower groove which is disposed in the jig body, and is configured to receive and grasp the camera therein, an upper groove, which is disposed in the jig body above the lower groove, and is configured to receive and grasp the elongated strip therein so as to position the elongated strip above, and in a fixed relation to, the camera, the upper groove being wider than the lower groove, and an alignment element, which is disposed in the jig body, and is configured to align an end of the camera with an end of the elongated strip.

Abstract: A component mounting device includes a mounting head that mounts a component at a mounting position on a substrate, an imaging unit capable of imaging the mounting position from a plurality of fields of view, imaging directions of which are different from each other, and a controller that selects a success or failure determination field of view used for success or failure determination of whether or not the component has been mounted at the mounting position from the plurality of fields of view according to a state of a shield around the mounting position.

Abstract: A system for assisting in the assembly of a cable harness may include a wire insertion apparatus that includes a frame that defines a connector mounting location; a projector mount attached to the frame and positioned so that a projector held in the projector mount projects graphical information onto a connector held by the mounting location; and the projector. The system may also include a computer device in communication with the projector and comprising a module configured for: projecting, via the projector, a plurality of alignment dots onto the connector; moving the alignment dots based on a first user input; receiving a second user input that the alignment dots are aligned and, based on the second user input, determining a position and orientation of the connector; and illuminating, via the projector, one or more pin locations of the connector based on the position and orientation of the connector.

Abstract: A device for mounting a sensor, comprising: a bracket formed with at least one guide hole therein; at least one support rod each passing through a mounting hole in a housing of the sensor and the guide hole in the bracket and mounted on the housing of the sensor and the bracket; and at least one elastic element each disposed on the support rod, so that the sensor is movable relative to the bracket along the support rod against the elastic element. Other brackets can be used. The sensor senses when a cabinet door is closed and sealed.

Abstract: An electronic movement-controlled apparatus that includes a camera and a movable arm is disclosed. The movable arm has both a stationary end and a movable end with the camera being attached to the movable end so as to be movable therewith. The stationary end is configured to be coupled to a rigid support structure. The movable arm includes a plurality of arm segments connected in series to form the movable arm. The arm segments are configured to have cooperating segment regions in terms of each of the arm segments being compressible and expandable in unison to move the movable end and effect a pan and tilt movement of the camera.

Abstract: A nozzle section is held by a nozzle holder to be vertically movable, and the nozzle section is biased downwards by springs. A height position reference section for which image recognition is possible is provided on an outer circumferential section of the nozzle section. Both a component held on the lower end of the nozzle section and the height position reference section are in the field of view of a camera that captures a side view image of an area around the lower end of the nozzle section. The side view image is processed, the height position reference section and a height position of the lower end of the component are recognized, a height difference from the height position reference section to the lower end of the component is measured, and it is determined whether the pickup orientation of the component is acceptable based on the height difference.

Abstract: A method and a device are provided for construction of a workpiece-related workpiece gripping device for press automation, the workpiece-related workpiece gripping device having workpiece-specific components fastened to a support. The respective precise positions and orientations of the workpiece-specific components to be fastened to the support are reproduced by a motion automaton, in particular a robot.

Abstract: In a device for producing and/or processing a workpiece, in particular circuit boards, in a work station, in particular for printing a corresponding blank or for checking finished circuit boards, at least one mark is provided on the workpiece. In this arrangement, at least one reference, which can be brought into alignment with the mark, is provided in the work station.

Abstract: A linear motion device includes: a linear motion mechanism having: a beam elongated in one horizontal direction; a guide member disposed in the beam to extend in the one direction; a moving member disposed to be movable along the guide member; and a moving mechanism that moves the moving member. The beam includes a metallic tubular body formed with an opening portion penetrating the metallic tubular body in the one direction and a tubular reinforcing portion formed of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic and formed in close contact with an inner surface of the metallic tubular body.

Abstract: Imaging device is provided with lower lighting device, side lighting device, and camera; light is emitted to suction nozzle from below by the lower lighting device, and light is emitted onto the suction nozzle from a sideways direction by the side lighting device. Light emitted from the lower lighting device arrives at the camera via a first light path (the path between the two dotted lines); light emitted from the side lighting device arrives at the camera via a second light path (the path between the two dotted lines). Further, light emitted from the lower lighting device is blocked by light-blocking blocks so as not to arrive at the camera along the second light path.

Abstract: A tube bending machine for bending a length of a tubular workpiece and an associated tube feeder assembly are disclosed. The tube feeder assembly has a carriage assembly slidably mounted along a rail. A clamp assembly is reversibly mounted to and carried by the carriage assembly. The clamp assembly is adapted to be releasably secured to the workpiece. The clamp assembly and carriage assembly are configurable to align the workpiece central axis along the rail, whereby sliding of the carriage assembly with the workpiece mounted in the clamp assembly carries the workpiece along the rail.

Abstract: A tool support structure includes a base; a tool rail that extends in an axial direction; a first mounting portion that is connected to the base; a second mounting portion that is connected to a first end of the tool rail and releasably connectable to the first mounting portion; a support receiver that is connected to the base, the support receiver has a housing, a clamp member, and a locking member; and a support member that has a first portion and a second portion, wherein the second portion and at least part of the first portion are configured to enter an axial open end of the housing of the support receiver and a clamp member of the support receiver is pivoted into engagement with the support member by a locking member of the support to restrain motion of the support member with respect to the support receiver.

Abstract: A bulk component supply device which is moved together with a mounting head which mounts electronic circuit components on a circuit substrate and of a component mounter device equipped with that bulk component supply device is disclosed. A bulk component driving device of the bulk component supply device is non-detachably provided on head main body of the mounting head, and a passage-equipped component case in which a component case and a component passage are fixed is detachably attached to head main body by a passage-equipped component case attachment device. When the holding by passage-equipped component case attachment device is in a released state, the passage-equipped component case can be removed while the bulk component driving device is held as in on head main body, and exchanged with a different passage-equipped component case. This exchange can be performed automatically by a passage-equipped component case exchange unit.

Abstract: A method includes moving a first bond head along a first guide apparatus for a first loop. The first guide apparatus is configured in a ring shape. The method also includes picking up a first die using the first bond head during the first loop, and aligning the first die with a first package substrate. The aligning the first die with the first package substrate includes moving the first package substrate in a first direction and a second direction. The first direction and the second direction are contained in a first plane parallel to the first loop. The method further includes placing the first die over the first package substrate during the first loop.

Abstract: A numerical controller extracts control object axis from an axis control program to be taught. On the other hand, history information on an axis movement caused by an operator's manual operation is recorded, and an axis (teaching object axis) to be taught by the operator is estimated from the recorded history information. If the estimated teaching object axis is not included in the control object axis, reflection of the position of the axis on the program by a teaching operation is prohibited.

Abstract: A tangential force sensor is used instead of a coaxial strain gauge to measure the torque required to produce the rotation of a part. The force sensor is coupled tangentially to the rotating part through a non-slip contact produced by a force applied radially on the part. A progressively increasing tangential force produced by translating the force sensor in a direction normal to the axis of rotation of the part is then applied to initiate and maintain its rotation. The radial force applied to the part is judiciously selected and measured such that the part is engaged with enough friction to ensure a non-slip condition. By measuring the tangential force applied to the part, the torque characteristics of the rotatable part are determined. By sensing and controlling the radial force applied to the part, damage to the part or the mechanism supporting it is avoided.

Abstract: In an electronic component mounting system 1 configured by coupling electronic component mounting devices M1 to M4A each having a first substrate transport mechanism 12A and a second substrate transport mechanism 12B together, the electronic component mounting device M4A includes a first tray feeder 20A that stores an electronic component extracted by a first mounting head 15A of a component mounting mechanism as a first work operation mechanism, and a second tray feeder 20B that stores an electronic component extracted by a second mounting head 15B of a component mounting mechanism as a second work operation mechanism.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a pick and place system with a bonding head, picking head and support table. The picking head and support table are mounted on a carriage. The apparatus can be operated in a direct mode and a parallel mode. In the direct mode the carriage is in a first position (parked). A control unit operates the pick and place system to cause the bonding head to move a series of semiconductor chips from the wafer table to the substrate. In the parallel mode, the carriage is in a second position. The control unit operates the picking head, support table and pick and place system to repeatedly cause the picking head to move a semiconductor chip from the wafer table to the support table and the bonding head to move said semiconductor chip from the support table to the substrate.

Abstract: Multirobotic management can involve communications between a command or leader robot and one or more client or follower robots through a cloud computing system. In an example implementation, a leader robot can receive first sensory data captured by a first follower robot and second sensory data captured by a second follower robot, determine a command function based on at least one of the first sensory data and the second sensory data, and communicate with at least one of the first follower robot and the second follower robot based on the command function.

Abstract: A pre-array temporary placement area A2 and a post-return temporary placement area A3 are set along with a lower receiving area A1. Temporary placement positions TP for lower receiving pins 22 in the pre-array temporary placement area A2 and the post-return temporary placement area A3 are previously assigned in consideration of requirements for preventing occurrence of interference between the lower receiving pins 22, which would otherwise occur during transfer of the lower receiving pins 22, and in accordance with array positions AP of the lower receiving pins 22 in the lower receiving area A1. Further, a transfer sequence is set in accordance with array positions AP.

Abstract: A workpiece mounting apparatus includes a transfer apparatus having a nozzle, a first imaging unit, and an image processor. The nozzle has opposed first and second ends, a suction hole at the first end, and a transparent end face member sealing the second end. The first imaging unit captures a first pattern for positioning a workpiece. The image processor identifies a reference position of the workpiece based on the first pattern captured. The workpiece mounting apparatus also includes a substrate support supporting a substrate with a second pattern for positioning, a second imaging unit for capturing the second pattern, and a positioning unit for controlling position of the nozzle. The image processor identifies a mounting target position on the substrate, based on the second pattern capture, and the positioning unit controls the nozzle to mount the workpiece on the substrate, when the reference position coincides with the mounting target position.

Abstract: A method and structure for receiving a micro device on a receiving substrate are disclosed. A micro device such as a micro LED device is punched-through a passivation layer covering a conductive layer on the receiving substrate, and the passivation layer is hardened. In an embodiment the micro LED device is punched-through a B-staged thermoset material. In an embodiment the micro LED device is punched-through a thermoplastic material.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a feeding mechanism for displacing the carrier strip along a feed path; an image capture means adapted to capture an image of a portion of the feed path; and, an image processing means connected to the image capture means and being adapted to (a) determine the position of at least one terminal on the feed path from the image; (b) determine the pitch of the strip either from the image or from a pre-stored value; and, (c) calculate an alignment displacement of the strip along the feed path from the position and pitch such that a further terminal on the strip lies within a crimping zone on the feed path; the image processing means being connected to the feeding mechanism and adapted to provide a control signal thereto such that the feeding mechanism displaces the carrier strip along the feed path by the alignment displacement.

Abstract: A component mounter includes: a nozzle having a nozzle main body and a reflecting part provided behind the nozzle main body and reflecting light from the front, the nozzle main body including a greatest outer periphery section provided to a front section of the nozzle main body, and the greatest outer periphery section of an outer periphery of the nozzle main body provided in front on the reflecting part; a first illuminating unit provided in front of the reflecting part and illuminating the reflecting part from the front with light; and an imaging unit provided in front of the nozzle and capturing the greatest outer periphery section positioned in front of the nozzle main body, using the light from the first illuminating light and reflected off the reflecting part.

Abstract: A positioning device is provided for inserting a pin into a PCB. The positioning device includes an X-Y platform and a reference platform. The X-Y platform includes a positioning point and supports a PCB having a first receiving passageway for receiving a pin. The reference platform supports a reference template having a reference point that corresponds with the first receiving passageway. An x-axis guide rail and a y-axis guide rail is disposed on the X-Y platform, such that the positioning point on the X-Y platform is moveable relative to the reference template in an x-axis direction and/or a y-axis direction to align the first receiving passageway on the PCB with a fixed insertion point of a pin insertion machine.

Abstract: A tool mounting system having at least one support tool structure with at least one tool connected to each of the at least one tool support. A first and second mounting portion is connected to each of the at least one tool support structure and is connectable to a first and second mount on a base, respectively. At least one of the first mounting portion or the second mounting portion has a particular mounting characteristic such that the first and second mounting portions are only correspondable to the first and second mounts of the base to ensure the proper position of the at least one tool support structure relative to the base.

Abstract: A method of assembling a panelized aircraft fuselage comprises loading a keel structure on a cradle; attaching stanchions to a floor grid; positioning the floor grid and stanchions over the keel structure and attaching the stanchions to the keel structure; obtaining a full fuselage contour including locating lower panels on the floor grid while using the cradle, the floor grid, and the keel structure to support the lower panels, and locating upper panels on the lower panels; and fastening the lower panels to the keel structure and the upper panels. The fuselage is assembled upright from the keel structure without changing orientation of the fuselage.

Abstract: To enable positioning a robot arm and a workpiece with high accuracy while reducing vibrations of a camera. According to the claimed invention for this purpose, a robot station 100 includes a pedestal 103 to which robot arms 101 and 102 are fixed, a camera 106 which images an area including a working area 209 of the pedestal 103, and a booth 104 to which the camera 106 is fixed. The pedestal 103 is fixed to a floor surface, and the booth 104 is fixed to the floor surface without contacting the pedestal 103. The booth 104 is formed in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped having a short side parallel to a workpiece conveying direction T and a long side perpendicular to the workpiece conveying direction T in a plan view.

Abstract: An apparatus for assembling a lens module and an image sensor to form a camera module. The apparatus comprises i) a positioning system for adjusting a relative arrangement between the lens module and the image sensor; and ii) an inspection system operative to view fiducials of the lens modules and the image sensor. In particular, the positioning system is configured to align the lens module and the image sensor based on a relative alignment of the respective fiducials of the lens module and the image sensor as viewed by the inspection system. A method of assembling a lens module and an image sensor to form a camera module is also disclosed.

Abstract: An ejecting device includes a housing and a pushing mechanism received in the housing. The pushing mechanism includes a pushing component. The pushing component is movably secured to the housing for pushing an object. When the pushing mechanism is in a resisting state, the pushing component protrudes out of the housing to push the object. When the pushing mechanism is in an unresisting state, the pushing component retracts into the housing and disengages from the object.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying a support having a clean surface is provided. Alternatively, an apparatus for manufacturing a stack including a support and a remaining portion of a processed member whose one surface layer is separated is provided. A positioning portion, a slit formation portion, and a peeling portion are included. The positioning portion is provided with a first transfer mechanism of a stacked film including a support and a separator and a table for fixing the stacked film. The slit formation portion is provided with a cutter that can form a slit which does not pass through the separator. The peeling portion is provided with a second transfer mechanism and a peeling mechanism extending the separator and then peeling the separator. In addition, a pretreatment portion activating a support surface is included.

Abstract: A device for changing the electrode of an electrode-holder tool of a welding device, with a first part configured to house an electrode-holder tool and including means to prevent the electrode-holder tool from moving, and a second part installed around the first part and covering the part of the electrode protruding outside the first part, where the second part can be separated from the first part by sliding along the electrode, and is able to rotate relative to the fixed part when it surrounds it, and where the second part is configured to tighten or untighten the mandrel and to attach the electrode and the second part, enabling it to be removed from the mandrel when the first part and the second part are separated.

Abstract: A catheter is provided for medical ultrasound imaging that can be effectively used in combination with other imaging modalities to detect medical structures of interest as well as the catheter. Markers are added to the catheter which allow more precise location identification of the catheter in the merging of the images from different modalities. Using a template, apertures for marker placement are formed in the catheter after creating the catheter housing. The ultrasound array may be used for accurate positioning of the template. Alternatively or additionally, a rigid insert with markers connects with the array. The insert holds the markers in place and may reduce artifacts in ultrasound scanning due to flexing of the array.

Abstract: In a component mounting device (1) which has a first mounting lane (L1) and a second mounting lane (L2) and which is structured so as to be able to select either an independence mounting mode or an alternation mounting mode, when device type changing operation is performed with change of the type of boards which are the mounted objects, if a tape feeder float detecting sensor (17) that is provided in proximity of an opening (19) through which a part of the body or the foreign object enters in the component supplying part is, detects a part of the body such as a finger (26) of the operator or the foreign object, operation of the component mounting mechanism which belong to the mounting lane opposite to the mounting lane to which the component supplying part, in which the optical sensor is provided, belongs is stopped.

Abstract: A number of variations may include a product including an installation device having a plurality of pillars which are constructed and arranged to accept a passenger airbag housing; wherein at least one sensor or switch is attached to the installation device which may physically engage at least one tab during the installation process and which may provide electronic feedback of the installation results. A number of variations may include a method including placing a passenger airbag assembly having at least one lock feature onto an instrument panel chute having at least one tab feature; placing the installation device having at least one sensor or switch attached to it onto the passenger airbag assembly; pressing down on the installation device to engage the at least one lock feature with the at least one tab feature; and wherein the at least one sensor or switch provides electronic feedback of the installation results.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a chip die 2 manipulator apparatus arranged for picking and placing of a chip die 2 in a chip manufacturing process, wherein an imaging system 11 comprising an arc form convex spherical mirror 13 arranged at a second off-axis position B and centered relative to the center position 5; a folding mirror 4 arranged in a light path between the convex spherical mirror 13 and the center position 5 for folding the light path to a third off-axis position C; and an arc form concave spherical mirror 15 arranged at the third off-axis position C having a curvature to image from at least one of the center position 5 and the component 2 on the image detection system 9. The imaging system 11 corrects for the angled image detection of the center position 5.

Abstract: A device for aligning and prefixing a flat substrate on a carrier substrate for the further processing of the substrate. The device includes aligning means for aligning a substrate's outside contour relative to a carrier substrate's outside contour by engaging the substrate's outside contour. The alignment of the substrate is carried out along a substrate plane E that is parallel to a contact surface of the substrate. Attaching means is provided for at least partial prefixing of the aligned substrate on the carrier substrate.