Abstract: The disclosure includes manufacturing a semimanufactured cylinder head (3) having a shielding curtain portion (16g) and spraying metal powder (P) onto an annular valve seat portion (16f) using a cold spray method to form a valve seat film (16b). The shielding curtain portion (16g) projects in an annular shape from an annular edge portion of an opening portion (16a) of an intake port (16) or an opening portion (17a) of an exhaust port (17) toward the center (C) of the port. The annular valve seat portion (16f) is located on an outer side of the port than the shielding curtain portion (16g).

Abstract: An electrode unit of a joining apparatus includes an abutting section provided with a tapered outer circumferential surface that contacts a tapered pressure-receiving surface by being inserted into an inside of a first metal member. The tapered outer circumferential surface inclines in a direction of getting closer to an axial center of the abutting section from one end side to another end side. At least part of the abutting section has a thickness elastically deformable in such a manner that the tapered outer circumferential surface aligns with the tapered pressure-receiving surface during application of a pressurizing force to the first metal member and a second metal member.

Abstract: This present invention relates to a fluid flow control device, such as a valve in an internal combustion exhaust pipe. The fluid flow control device includes a valve assembly and an actuator assembly. The fluid flow control device further includes a cooling ring positioned between the actuator assembly and valve assembly in order to thermally isolate the sensors, controllers and other elements of the actuator assembly from heat that may be present in the valve assembly.

Abstract: An iron-based alloy includes, in weight percent, carbon from about 2 to about 3 percent; manganese from about 0.1 to about 0.4 percent; silicon from about 0.3 to about 0.8 percent; chromium from about 11.5 to about 14.5 percent; nickel from about 0.05 to about 0.6 percent; vanadium from about 0.8 to about 2.2 percent; molybdenum from about 4 to about 7 percent; tungsten from about 3 to about 5 percent; niobium from about 1 to about 3 percent; cobalt from about 3 to about 5 percent; boron from zero to about 0.2 percent; and the balance containing iron and incidental impurities. The alloy is suitable for use in elevated temperature applications such as in valve seat inserts for combustion engines.

Abstract: An iron-based corrosion resistant and wear resistant alloy includes (in weight percentage) carbon from about 1.6 to 3%, silicon from about 0.8 to 2.1%, manganese up to 1.0%, chromium from about 12.0 to 15.0%, molybdenum from about 2.0 to 4.0%, nickel from about 0.2 to 0.8%, copper up to 4.0%, boron up to 0.5%, and the balance including iron and incidental impurities. The alloy is suitable for use in elevated temperature applications such as in valve seat inserts for combustion engines.

Abstract: A powder metal component (34) has an outer diameter that is inserted in a bore of another component (18) during assembly with an interference fit between the two components. Ribs (30) are formed on the outer diameter of the component (34) during compaction and sintering of the component. The ribs (30) have a surface that has been compressed to a greater density than a surface (31) of the outer diameter between the ribs to produce a major diameter and effective roundness defined by high points of the ribs.

Abstract: A superaustenitic stainless steel comprises in weight %, 0.15 to 0.9% C, 0.2 to 1.3% Si, 0 to 0.45% Mn, 32.5 to 37.5% Cr, 13.5 to 17.5% Ni, 3.2 to 5.5% Mo, 0 to 2% Nb, 0 to 0.5% B, 0 to 2% Zr and 30 to 51% Fe. In a preferred embodiment, the superaustenitic stainless steel consists essentially of, in weight %, 0.5 to 0.9% C, 0.2 to 0.5% Si, 0.2 to 0.4% Mn, 33.0 to 35.0% Cr, 15.5 to 17.5% Ni, 4.0 to 4.5% Mo, 0.7 to 0.9% Nb, 0.07 to 0.13% B, 0 to 0.05% Zr and 40 to 46% Fe. The superaustenitic stainless steel is useful for valve seat inserts for internal combustion engines such as diesel or natural gas engines.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing a cast iron member in which the production of gas defects such as blowholes or pinholes in a clad layer formed on the surface of a cast iron material can be reduced, and the generation of bead cracks in the clad layer can be restrained. In the method for manufacturing a cast iron member, including a step of forming the clad layer by melting a material for cladding by means of irradiation of a laser emitted from a laser irradiation device and by depositing the melted material on the surface of a part of the cast iron material, the step of forming the clad layer is performed by using a material the main ingredient of which is a copper element as the material for cladding so that when the clad layer is formed, a hardened layer having a thickness of 0.01 to 2.0 mm is formed on the surface of the cast iron material.

Abstract: A process for remanufacturing valve bodies such as fuel injector valve bodies includes receiving a salvaged valve body having a first segment, a second segment and a middle segment which includes a valve seat and a guide bore for a valve therein. The process further includes removing material of the valve body where the valve seat and the guide bore are disposed, and positioning an insert within the valve body in place of the removed material. A new valve seat and a new guide bore are then machined in the insert, including locating for machining the new valve seat and new guide bore on a timing face of the valve body.

Abstract: An engine assembly may include an engine block defining a cylinder bore, a cylinder head fixed to the engine block, and a valve seat insert. The cylinder head may include an intake port, defining an inlet in fluid communication with an air source and an outlet in fluid communication with the cylinder bore. The valve seat may be defined at the outlet of the intake port and may include a stepped region. The stepped region may define a seating surface extending radially outward from the intake port. The seating surface may include a series of protrusions circumferentially spaced from one another around the outlet and forming a series of recesses therebetween. The valve seat insert may be located within the stepped region and may include a first axial end surface abutting the protrusions on the seating surface.

Abstract: A method to refurbish a valve seat in a fuel injector module housing where the valve seat is of a larger diameter than an associate valve guide bore user using an indexable insert insertable into the bore and oriented in a manner to engage the valve seat to facilitate refurbishing.

Abstract: A deheader valve is fitted onto an existing or new coke drum by initially positioning the body and valve, and then raising the valve to mate with the flange using a lifting device other than a chain fall. The vertical positioning of the deheader valve is preferably accomplished with a hydraulic or pneumatic piston, winch, scissor jack, ratchet jack, screw jack, and so forth. The distance traveled by the valve using these devices is more than 2 cm, commonly at least 20 cm, and in some installations up to 40 cm or more. In retrofit situations an oil inlet is provided in a side wall of the drum above the bottom drum flange.

Abstract: A process for producing an electromagnetic fuel injection valve is provided, the electromagnetic fuel injection valve having a structure in which a valve assembly formed by coaxially joining a movable core and a valve body is spring-biased toward the side on which the valve assembly is seated on a valve seat while restricting an end thereof that is in proximity to a fixed core, and in the process a first distance (L1) between the front end of the fixed core (22) and the front end of a cylindrical magnetic body (9) is measured, a stopper (28) and the movable core (18) are formed so that a second distance (L2) between an annular shoulder portion (10c) of a valve seat member (10) and the rear end of the stopper (28) projecting by a predetermined amount from the rear end of the movable core (18) in a state in which the valve seat member (10) and the valve assembly (17) are held coaxially is smaller than the first distance (L1) by a desired value, and the cylindrical magnetic body (9) and the valve seat member (10

Abstract: There are disclosed a laser clad valve seat raw-material powder superior in productivity, cladding property, wear resistance and finishing property, and a laser clad valve seat using the same superior in wear resistance. The row-material powder comprises a powder mixture comprising: 80 to 99% by weight of a Cu-based alloy powder comprising 0.5 to 5% by weight of B, 0 to 20% by weight of Ni, 0 to 10% by weight of Fe plus Co, 0 to 5% by weight of Si, 0 to 3% by weight of Al, and the balance Cu and unavoidable impurities; and 1-20% by weight of an Fe or Co based alloy powder having a Vickers hardness of 500 HV or higher and an average particle diameter of 50 to 200 ?m of and comprising 5 to 40% by weight of Mo, 0 to 25% by weight of Cr, 0 to 5% by weight of Si, and the balance Fe or Co and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: With regard to a surface hardening method that a surface of an engine member is coated with an alloy layer having high abrasive resistance so as to improve life of the member and a production method of a piston or the like that abrasive resistance of the member is improved by the hardening method, a surface of a metal base material is coated uniformly with mixture including metal powder, a binder and solvent so as to form a coat, and the coat is dried and applied thereon with laser or electron beam so as to be sintered and dispersed for forming an alloy layer on a surface of the metal base material and for bonding the alloy layer to the metal base material.

Abstract: A valve seat finishing device for use with a spindle having a drive is provided. The valve seat finishing device includes a driver, a valve seat finishing tool, an annular finishing surface on the tool, and a non-dressable super abrasive on the annular finishing surface. The driver has a centering portion and a drive portion. The centering portion is received in a receiving portion of the drive and the drive portion is received in the drive so that rotation of the spindle causes the socket drive to concentrically rotate the driver. The valve seat finishing tool is threadably secured to the driver. The non-dressable super abrasive provides a lapped finish to the valve seat.

Abstract: A peripheral, annular groove is incorporated into a throttle valve connector in one step. A first die and a second die are then inserted into the throttle valve connector and a first plastic material is introduced into a first cylindrical cavity formed thereby in a molten state and hardened, resulting in a plastic insert. The first die and the second die are subsequently removed from the throttle valve connector and a third die and a fourth die are inserted into the throttle valve connector. A second cavity is formed therebetween and filled with a second plastic material, whereby a throttle valve is formed and is fixed during the cooling process by shrinkage on the throttle valve shaft.

Abstract: A seat valve in a motor vehicle wheel slip control system includes a valve tappet acting as a valve closure member, where the valve tappet is movably guided and aligned with a valve seat member by a centering sleeve that guides the valve tappet. The centering sleeve is articulated at the valve seat member.

Abstract: A valve seat, press-fitted into a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, containing an iron-based sintered alloy, includes a valve-seating section and a head-seating section. The valve-seating section and the head-seating section are monolithically formed by a sintering process and form a double layer structure. The valve-seating section includes a first iron-based sintered alloy member that has a porosity of 10 to 25 percent by volume and a sintered density of 6.1 to 7.1 g/cm3 and contains hard particles dispersed in a matrix. The head-seating section includes a second iron-based sintered alloy member that has a porosity of 10 to 20 percent by volume and a sintered density of 6.4 to 7.1 g/cm3.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the production of a valve seat (5) for a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. According to said method, an additional material is melted with the cylinder head by applying energy in the site in which the valve seat (5) is to be formed. An alloy or a mixture consisting of an aluminum-iron alloy and at least another component is used as additional material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a compressor valve plate (36) comprises at least the following steps in succession: blanking of a blank of the plate (36) from a steel sheet of suitable thickness, punching holes corresponding to the output and intake openings, the hole corresponding to the output opening being a preliminary hole (48a) having a diameter larger than the final diameter of this opening (48), forming, by coining, a depression (42) for housing an output valve-closure blade (54), with the depth of the depression increasing towards the end of the depression which corresponds to the preliminary hole (48a), in a manner such that, during the coining, at least some of the material of the blank creeps towards the preliminary hole, partially filling it, calibrating the output opening (48) to the final diameter by punching, and coining an annular projection (50) around the calibrated output opening (48) to define a valve seat for the output closure blade.

Abstract: A fuel injector seat for a fuel injector assembly, and more particularly for a high-pressure fuel injector assembly, having a number of features for minimizing the formation of combustion chamber deposits on the seat, providing a selected finish on a needle-sealing portion, and reducing sac volume. These features include positioning a transition portion between the needle-sealing portion and an orifice portion, positioning a sharp edge at the outlet of the orifice portion, and applying a coating to certain surfaces of the seat. This invention also relates to a fuel injector seat and method of manufacturing the fuel injector seat, and a method of evaluating when the transition portion is required between the orifice and needle-sealing portions for a particular seat arrangement.

Abstract: The invention relates among others to a method for producing outlet openings (32) in a valve, in particular a fuel injection valve. The injection valve has a fuel inlet (2), an excitable actuating device (1, 2, 19) by which a valve closing member (28) is movable, a fixed valve seat (27) embodied on a valve seat element (26), with which seat the valve closing member (28) cooperates to open and close the valve, and at least one outlet opening (32), as a fuel outlet, provided downstream of the valve seat (27). The at least one outlet opening 32 is produced in such a way that in a first method step, a through hole is created in the valve seat element (26), and in a second method step, from the ejection end of the through hole, an outlet region is created that is altered in shape and/or size and/or contour compared to the through hole.

Abstract: A valve seat, press-fitted into a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, containing an iron-based sintered alloy, includes a valve-seating section and a head-seating section. The valve-seating section and the head-seating section are monolithically formed by a sintering process and form a double layer structure. The valve-seating section includes a first iron-based sintered alloy member that has a porosity of 10 to 25 percent by volume and a sintered density of 6.1 to 7.1 g/cm3 and contains hard particles dispersed in a matrix. The head-seating section includes a second iron-based sintered alloy member that has a porosity of 10 to 20 percent by volume and a sintered density of 6.4 to 7.1 g/cm3.

Abstract: A line transfer system with a contour machining head. The system includes a transmission arbor, a housing, a contour machining head, a driving system, and a system controller. The transmission arbor mounts within the housing, with the transmission arbor and housing sharing a common central axis. At least one contour machining head mounts to the housing. The contour machining head includes a bit tool, a slidable carriage, a linkage, a counterweight, and a pilot. The bit tool is configured for machining the workpiece, and mounts to the slidable carriage. The linkage connects to the carriage and transfers a force from the transmission arbor to the slidable carriage resulting in an independent radial movement of the bit tool with respect to the central axis. The counterweight links to the transmission arbor to dynamically counterbalance the radial movement of the slidable carriage and bit tool. Finally, the pilot connects to the contour machining head and aligns the contour machining head with the workpiece.

Abstract: A prehardened valve seat insert and a process for forming a prehardened valve seat insert for insertion into a cylinder head or an engine block of an internal combustion engine. The process comprises the steps of (a) forming the valve seat insert; (b) precision machining the valve seat insert to precise tolerances so that the valve seat insert can be installed in one of the cylinder head and the engine block without the need for additional seat machining; and (c) treating the valve seat insert to form a wear resistant surface layer prior to inserting the valve seat insert into one of the cylinder head and the engine block.

Abstract: Immediately after a laser-cladding is performed, a control surface is formed by machining the clad metal while an extra metal is left. An intermediate inspection is performed about presence/absence of any defect in the clad metal using the control surface. When a defect is detected, the clad metal is removed, and a laser-cladding is performed again. Since an extra metal where an amount of clad metal required can be secure exists, re-cladding can be made possible.

Abstract: A method for finishing a valve seat for ball valves, in particular for fuel injection valves in internal combustion engines. The workpiece to be finished and a finishing tool are driven in an opposite direction of rotation, whereby the axes of rotation of the workpiece and the finishing tool are aligned with each other at an angle of from 1° to 10°. The finishing tool rests against the inside surface of the workpiece to be finished over its entire circumference. The surface of the workpiece to be treated is provided with a crowned shape. A finishing stone with a wear-resistant and preferably cone-shaped working surface is employed as the finishing tool, whereby a narrow sealing zone with a convex contour in the longitudinal section is produced in the crowned surface of the workpiece by partial removal of material.

Abstract: A method for making a valve assembly is disclosed. The method includes providing a first work piece having a longitudinal axis and a first end and providing a second work piece having a surface. The method also includes disposing the first work piece and the second work piece axially between a pair of aligned elements that are relatively movable toward and away from each other along the longitudinal axis of the first work piece. Additionally, the method includes relatively moving the pair of aligned elements toward each other to axially clamp the first work piece and the second work piece and actuating the pair of aligned elements and delivering to the first work piece and the second work piece a controlled clamping force that acts to coin a zone of surface contact between the first end and the surface. Further, the method includes repeating the actuating of the pair of elements a plurality of times. An apparatus used to perform the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A bonding structure of a valve seat has a port opening of a metallic head and an annular metallic valve seat insert. The valve seat insert includes an outer reduced diameter surface on its outer circumference. The material of the valve seat insert is harder than that of the head. The head plastically deforms upon pressing the valve seat insert toward the head. The deformed metal occupies any gap around the outer reduced diameter surface.

Abstract: The machining head for machining valve seats comprises a driving system, a housing, a carriage feed assembly, a cutting tip mounted on the carriage, and a counterweight assembly. The driving system rotates a machining head on a spindle axis, and further provides independent vertical translation of each of a driving arbor and a spindle, both of which are independent of the rotation of the spindle. The carriage has both forward and backward feed capability for moving the cutting tip radially inward or outward as it cuts. Vertical movement of the arbor is converted into force for moving the carriage by a cantilever pivoting around a fixed point. The counterweight assembly, linked to the arbor by a second cantilever, counterbalances the shift in weight caused by the movement of the carriage in order to maintain dynamic balancing as the machining head rotates.

Abstract: A fuel injector seat for a fuel injector assembly, and more particularly for a high-pressure fuel injector assembly, having a number of features for minimizing the formation of combustion chamber deposits on the seat, providing a selected finish on a needle-sealing portion, and reducing sac volume. These features include positioning a transition portion between the needle-sealing portion and an orifice portion, positioning a sharp edge at the outlet of the orifice portion, and applying a coating to certain surfaces of the seat. This invention also relates to a fuel injector seat and method of manufacturing the fuel injector seat, and a method of evaluating when the transition portion is required between the orifice and needle-sealing portions for a particular seat arrangement.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing surface treated, prefinished valve seat inserts. The method entails forming the valve seat insert, precision machining the valve seat insert to precise tolerances so that the valve seat insert can be installed in one of the cylinder head and engine block without the need for additional seat machining and treating the valve seat insert with a wear resistant treatment prior to inserting the valve seat insert into on of the cylinder head and engine block.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing valve seats using a laser cladding process is provided that includes forming a casting material on which the valve seats are to be formed; fabricating a valve seat target position on which laser cladding will be performed, the valve seat target position being provided at a location on the casting material where a valve seat is to be formed; removing an oxidation film formed on the valve seat target position; injecting a metal powder mixture on the valve seat target position, the metal powder mixture being realized through a mixture of two or more metal powders at a predetermined ratio by weight %; and irradiating a laser beam on the metal powder mixture to clad the metal powder mixture on the valve seat target position to thereby form the valve seat.

Abstract: A bonding structure of a valve seat has a port opening of a metallic head and an annular metallic valve seat insert. The valve seat insert includes an outer reduced diameter surface on its outer circumference. The material of the valve seat insert is harder than that of the head. The head plastically deforms upon pressing the valve seat insert toward the head. The deformed metal occupies any gap around the outer reduced diameter surface.

Abstract: An arrangement for exercising (or burnishing) the intake and exhaust valves in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine employs a plurality of out-of-phase eccentric cams coupled to a source of rotatory motion. The eccentric cams engage with respective linear drive arrangements that are urged into out-of-phase reciprocation with respect to each other. The linear drives urge the valves into repeated open and closed states where, in combination with valve rotators, burnishing of the sealing portion of the valves with the valves seats to improve the seal therebetween is effected. The use of eccentric cams to effect linear reciprocating motion achieves control over both directions of movement of the linear drive arrangements. The cylinder head is maintained in fixed relation to the linear drive arrangements by a hydraulic, pneumatic, or other form of ram, the ram also creating a test chamber.

Abstract: In a method for producing a valve seat for a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine made of an aluminum metal alloy as the base material, an added material is fused by a laser beam with the base material of the cylinder head at the point at which the valve seat is to be formed. An alloy or a mixture of an aluminum-silicon alloy and nickel as well as at least one additional component is used as added material.

Abstract: The cutting tool for machining valve seats comprises a driving system, a spindle assembly, and a system controller. The driving system provides rotational movement and vertical movement for the spindle assembly which is controlled by the system controller. The spindle assembly further comprises a spherical sheath providing capability to align a spindle to any valve seat orientation, the spindle for rotating a universal cutting blade, a machining head attachable to the spindle, a tool holder carriage for holding the universal cutting blade, and a pinion feed driving assembly or set of connecting rods for controlling the cutting radius of the universal cutting blade. The pinion feed driving assembly is driven by a servo motor which moves the spindle vertically and independent from the vertical movement of the spindle assembly and the rotational movement of the spindle. The system controller includes memory and programming for controlling the operation of the universal cutting blade.

Abstract: Immediately after a laser-cladding is performed, a control surface is formed by machining the clad metal while an extra metal is left. An intermediate inspection is performed about presence/absence of any defect in the clad metal using the control surface. When a defect is detected, the clad metal is removed, and a laser-cladding is performed again. Since an extra metal where an amount of clad metal required can be secure exists, re-cladding can be made possible.

Abstract: A method for finishing a valve seat for ball valves, in particular for fuel injection valves in internal combustion engines. The workpiece to be finished and a finishing tool are driven in an opposite direction of rotation, whereby the axes of rotation of the workpiece and the finishing tool are aligned with each other at an angle of from 1°to 10°. The finishing tool rests against the inside surface of the workpiece to be finished over its entire circumference. The surface of the workpiece to be treated is provided with a crowned shape. A finishing stone with a wear-resistant and preferably cone-shaped working surface is employed as the finishing tool, whereby a narrow sealing zone with a convex contour in the longitudinal section is produced in the crowned surface of the workpiece by partial removal of material.

Abstract: A bar material is made of an (&agr;+&bgr;) or a near &agr; Ti alloy which comprises a regular &agr; structure, and the end thereof is heated at a temperature above its &bgr; transformation point by an electric forging device to form an enlarged portion. The enlarged portion is immediately formed by hot forging to make a valve head of a poppet valve which is employed in an internal combustion engine. The valve head comprises an acicular &agr; structure which provides higher fatigue and tensile strengths.

Abstract: A method of making valve guides by thermal spraying a wear-resistant layer onto a rotating mandrel that is subsequently built up by thermal spraying steel on the wear-resistant layer. A flame spray polymer lubricant may be applied to the wear-resistant layer to improve self-lubricating properties of the engine valve guide. The mandrel and applied layers are then cut off and the remaining segment is further processed in a machining operation to remove the mandrel from the inside of the engine valve guide. The mandrel is preferably cooled as the thermal spray is applied preferably by routing a cooling fluid such as air through the mandrel.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a metal and polymeric composite article by the following steps. Droplets of spray deposited metal and spray deposited polymeric material are combined to form an article having the polymeric material interspersed within the metal. A carrier or form that shaped to receive the metal and polymeric layers is provided. The carrier may be made either stationary or movable. Layers of spray deposited metal and spray deposited polymeric material are applied atop the carrier. The spray deposited metal is between 90 and 95 percent by volume of the article. The polymeric layers do not completely cover the metal layers. Succeeding spray deposited metal layers contact bond to previous metal layers. The polymeric material between imbedded between the interconnected metal layers.

Abstract: A welding machine for weld bonding a valve seating ring in an annular recess of a cylinder head (20) includes an electrode tool (14) on which the ring is located and an overhead support (18, 40, 44, 46) for mounting the cylinder head above the tool. In use the electrode tool is moved upwards into the recess while a welding current is passed across the cylinder head and the electrode tool, so that the ring is weld bonded into the recess, without process spatter entering the cylinder head. There can be two separate electrode tools which operate simultaneously on respective recesses although the weld current may be applied sequentially.

Abstract: Besides the conventional process steps of manufacturing a valve-seat body, forming a through opening inside the valve-seat body, forming a valve-seat as a frustoconical section of the through opening, and forming a guide area, the proposed method for manufacturing a valve seat for a fuel injector includes the simultaneous fine-machining of all guide sections in the guide area and the valve-seat area using a master ball.