Abstract: A liquid ejection apparatus includes: a head having ejection-opening groups and ejection-passage groups; caps for covering the respective ejection-openings groups; and suction passages connecting between the interiors of the respective caps and a sucking device. A method of manufacturing the liquid ejection apparatus includes: a step of classifying, as a first group, an ejection-opening group corresponding to an ejection-passage group having a resistance value not less than a first value and classifying, as a second group, another ejection-opening group corresponding to an ejection-passage group having a resistance value less than the first value; and a step of assigning at least one suction passage having a resistance value less than a second value to the ejection-opening group as the first group and assigning another at least one suction passage having a resistance value not less than the second value to the ejection-opening group as the second group.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a liquid ejecting head main body that has a nozzle group that is formed by arranging a plurality of nozzles, which eject a liquid, in parallel, and that ejects a liquid from each nozzle, and a fixation member to which the liquid ejecting head main body is fixed. The fixation member has a fixation part to which the liquid ejecting head main body is fixed and a reference surface that is formed on a side opposite fixation part, and which includes a reference part serving as reference for a positioning the liquid ejecting head main body with respect to an installation target, and a position adjusting part adjusting the relative position between the reference surface and the nozzle group is provided between the liquid ejecting head main body and the fixation part.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ejection device for an inkjet printer that includes an ejection chip having a substrate and at least one fluid ejecting element. The ejection device further includes a fluidic structure configured over the ejection chip. The fluidic structure includes a nozzle plate composed of an organic material and includes a plurality of nozzles. The fluidic structure further includes a flow feature layer configured in between the ejection chip and the nozzle plate. The flow feature layer is composed of an organic material and includes a plurality of flow features. Furthermore, the fluidic structure includes a liner layer encapsulating the nozzle plate. The liner layer further at least partially encapsulates each flow feature of the plurality of flow features. The liner layer is composed of an inorganic material. Further disclosed is a method for fabricating the ejection device.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a device that has a semiconductor element includes: forming a first wiring on a first surface of a first member; forming a second wiring on a second surface of a second member with a gap from a connection terminal and a third wiring on an inclined plane of the second member, the second member being disposed on the first member so that the first and second surfaces face in the same direction, the third wiring being aligned with, and connecting, the first and second wirings; disposing the semiconductor element on the first or second surface; and providing plating that electrically connects the first, second and third wiring with the connection terminal, wherein the connection terminal faces the second wiring, and the plating is provided in the gap between the connection terminal and the second wiring.

Abstract: In some aspects of the present application, a method of manufacturing a print head is disclosed. The method can include providing a jet stack including an array of jets, bonding an actuator layer to the jet stack, the actuator layer including an actuator array, applying a standoff adhesive layer to the actuator layer and the jet stack, the standoff layer having an array of holes, wherein each hole of the array of holes overlies one of the actuators of the actuator array. A flex circuit layer having an array of bumped contact pads is aligned such that each bumped contact pad aligns with one of the holes of the standoff adhesive. Further, the flex circuit layer is boned to the jet stack layer.

Abstract: Provided is a fitting tool for a liquid absorber which is included in a liquid ejecting apparatus having a liquid ejecting head for ejecting liquid from nozzle openings formed in a nozzle forming surface and fits the liquid absorber for absorbing the liquid in a cap which is capable of being abutted to the liquid ejecting head so as to cover the nozzle openings, the fitting tool including: a holding portion which holds the liquid absorber; and a locking portion which has elasticity and is locked to a portion of the cap when the holding portion is inserted into the cap.

Abstract: A process for making a substantially planar micro-fluid ejection head is disclosed, and includes depositing a basic solution on a first surface of a device substrate. The first surface having the basic solution deposited thereon is contacted together with a surface of a support material for a duration ranging from about 1 minute to about 15 minutes, at a temperature ranging from about 20° C. to about 90° C. so that the first surface having the basic solution deposited thereon and the surface of the support material form a bond therebetween to hermetically seal the support material and the device substrate to one another. Both the substrate and the at least one surface of the support comprise silicon, and at least one of the device substrate and the at least one surface of the support material is substantially composed of silicon.

Abstract: A print head comprises a pressure chamber in fluid communication with a nozzle and an actuator structure in operative communication with the pressure chamber for generating a pressure wave in the pressure chamber. The actuator structure comprises a membrane, wherein a first surface of the membrane forms a flexible wall of the pressure chamber and a piezo actuator, wherein the piezo actuator is arranged on a second surface of the membrane, the second surface being opposite of the first surface, such that the membrane is deformed at the position of the piezo actuator upon actuation of the piezo actuator. In the print head, the membrane is pivotably clamped between a first structure layer and a second structure layer such that the membrane pivots at the location of clamping upon deformation of the membrane due to actuation of the piezo actuator.

Abstract: In removal processing using a pulsed laser beam, processing deviation occurs in the depthwise direction to cause a processing error in a predetermined removal shape. A first pulsed laser beam L1 is a pulsed laser beam having a wavelength that exhibits transmittance to a workpiece 6, and a second pulsed laser beam L2 is a pulsed laser beam having a wavelength that exhibits absorption to the workpiece 6. The first pulsed laser beam L1 is focused into the workpiece 6, and a focal point P1 of the first pulsed laser beam L1 is scanned along the outline of a predetermined removal region R1 to form a modified portion 6A along the outline of the predetermined removal region R1. Next, removal processing is performed by scanning the second pulsed laser beam L2 in a region enclosed by the modified portion 6A.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a piezoelectric element includes: forming a first conductive layer upon a substrate; forming a piezoelectric layer upon the first conductive layer; forming a second conductive layer upon the piezoelectric layer; forming a third conductive layer upon the second conductive layer; forming a first portion, a second portion, and an opening portion provided between the first portion and the second portion by patterning the third conductive layer; forming a resist layer that covers the opening portion and covers the edges of the first portion and the second portion that face the opening portion side; and forming a first conductive portion and a second conductive portion configured from the first portion and the second portion, and forming a third conductive portion configured from the second conductive layer, by dry-etching the second conductive layer using the first portion, the second portion, and the resist layer as a mask.

Abstract: A method for producing a liquid-ejecting head including a passage-forming substrate and a protective substrate. The passage-forming substrate has pressure-generating chambers communicating with nozzle orifices, piezoelectric devices that change the inner pressures of the pressure-generating chambers, and liquid supply channels for supplying the pressure-generating chambers. The protective substrate has a piezoelectric-device accommodating portion and a through-hole, through which wirings to lead electrodes extended from the piezoelectric devices pass thorough.

Abstract: In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, various new generation dispensing devices can be provided. Such devices are vertically aligned, provide greater than 1.0 cc per piston stroke, and can involve a range of sprayer heads and sprayer/foamer systems incorporating such heads. Such novel sprayer heads can include a novel stretched piston, or, for example, the standard separate piston and piston chamber configuration. By using integration of parts, and a novel dome valve, exemplary sprayers are more easily manufactured, and have better operating properties. Finally, pre-compression is such novel valves is supplied by a novel dome valve with binary behavior, and minimal hysteresis.

Abstract: A filter plate has an interior cavity, at least one filter contained in the interior cavity, a first port on a first side of the plate, at least one second port on a second side of the plate, forming a flow path with the first port through the filter, wherein the second port is positioned higher on the plate than the first port. A print head has an ink reservoir having an ink supply port connected to an ink supply, and a filter plate attached to the reservoir and positioned between the ink supply port and the ink reservoir, the filter plate including an interior cavity, at least one filter contained in the interior cavity, a first filter port on a first side of the filter plate in contact with the ink supply port, and at least one second filter port on a second side of the filter plate facing the ink reservoir, wherein the second port is positioned higher on the filter plate than the first port.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head substrate includes a base; a pair of wiring lines; a heat-generating resistive layer, which is in contact with the wiring lines, and which has a portion corresponding to a space between the wiring lines, the portion forming an electrothermal transducer; an insulating layer which covers the heat-generating resistive layer and the wiring lines and which contains Si; a protective layer which covers at least one region of the insulating layer which contains Ir; and an intermediate layer which is placed between the insulating layer and the protective layer. The intermediate layer contains a material represented by the formula TaxSiyNz, where x is 5 atomic percent to 80 atomic percent, y is 3 atomic percent to 60 atomic percent, z is 10 atomic percent to 60 atomic percent.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid ejection head formed by performing bonding and fixing operations speedily and highly accurately when a recording element board is bonded to a supporting member, the liquid ejection head having a high liquid-landing accuracy and achieving a high printing quality. A method of manufacturing the liquid ejection head is also provided. Heat is conducted from a holding member, which supports the recording element board, to a thermosetting adhesive via the supporting member, which supports the recording element board, in order to accelerate the curing of the adhesive.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a piezoelectric inkjet printhead includes processing a lower silicon-on-insulator substrate having a sequentially stacked structure with a first silicon layer, an intervening oxide layer, and a second silicon layer, processing the lower silicon-on-insulator substrate by etching the second silicon layer to form a manifold, a plurality of pressure chambers arranged along at least one side of the manifold and connected with the manifold, and a plurality of dampers connected with the pressure chambers, and by etching the first silicon layer and the intervening oxide layer to form a plurality of vertical nozzles through the first silicon layer and the intervening oxide layer to corresponding ones of the plurality of dampers, stacking and bonding an upper substrate on the lower substrate, reducing the upper substrate to a predetermined thickness, and forming a piezoelectric actuator on the upper substrate.

Abstract: A flow path unit including a first flow path substrate that includes a plurality of pressure chambers arranged in a row, the plurality of pressure chambers each including a first opening that has, on a substrate surface, a long shape in which a width in a first direction is longer than a width in a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction. The flow path unit further includes a second flow path substrate joined to the first flow path substrate, the second flow path substrate including a plurality of first flow paths arranged in a row, each first flow path being exposed to the inside of a corresponding first opening in a one-to-one manner. In the flow path unit, a direction in which the pressure chambers are arranged and a direction in which the first flow paths are arranged intersect each other.

Abstract: A fuel injector may include a fuel injector body having a central longitudinal axis, a plate element for coupling the fuel injector to a fuel injector cup, a snap ring and a spring element is specified. The snap ring is operable to block a movement of the fuel injector body relative to the plate element in a first direction of the central longitudinal axis. The spring element is operable to bias the plate element in a second direction of the central longitudinal axis opposing the first direction of the central longitudinal axis to prevent a movement of the plate element relative to the fuel injector body during coupling to the fuel injector cup.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a printhead includes providing a substrate and a filter membrane structure. A first portion of the substrate defines a plurality of nozzles and a second portion of the substrate defines a plurality of liquid chambers. Each liquid chamber of the plurality of liquid chambers is in fluid communication with a respective one of the plurality of nozzles. The filter membrane structure is adhered, for example, laminated, to the second portion of the substrate. Each liquid chamber of the plurality of liquid chambers is in fluid communication with a distinct portion of the filter membrane structure. Pores are formed in the filter membrane structure using a photo-lithography process.

Abstract: A process for producing a liquid ejection head including a silicon substrate having a first surface and a second surface that is a surface on an opposite side to the first surface, an ejection energy generating element which is formed on a side of the first surface side and generates energy for ejecting a liquid, a cavity formed in the second surface and a liquid supply port which is formed in a bottom part of the cavity and communicates with the first surface, including, in the following order: (1) forming the cavity in the second surface of the silicon substrate by a first crystal anisotropic etching; (2) forming a chemical leading hollow in a slope of the cavity; (3) expanding the cavity by a second crystal anisotropic etching; and (4) forming the liquid supply port in a bottom face of the cavity by dry etching with the use of an ion.

Abstract: A micro-fluid ejection device is assembled by wafer-to-wafer bonding at a temperature below about 150° C. a first silicon oxide layer of a first wafer, having flow features patterned in the first silicon oxide layer on an actuator chip in a first silicon substrate of the first wafer, to a second silicon oxide layer of a second wafer, defining a nozzle plate on a second silicon substrate of the second wafer. Nozzle holes are formed in the nozzle plate in alignment with actuator elements of the actuator chip of the first wafer either before or after bonding the first and second wafers together. The second silicon substrate of the second wafer is used as a handle and then removed from the silicon oxide layer of the second wafer after bonding the first and second wafers together.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus of an improved cooling structure having cooling passages are provided. A method includes forming pilot holes with an electrical discharge machine (EDM) drill near a heated flow surface. The pilot holes are then shaped with a wire EDM into cooling passages having a desired shape.

Abstract: An alignment method includes: disposing an alignment mark provided to a positioned member and a reference mark provided to a surface of an alignment mask so that the alignment mark and the reference mark can face each other; capturing an image from the other surface side of the alignment mask, which is the opposite surface of the alignment mask from the surface where the reference mark is disposed, the image concurrently showing the alignment mark and the reference mark; performing a surface treatment on at least a region of the positioned member side of the alignment mask, which is captured as the image, rather than on the reference mark side thereof, the surface treatment providing a high contrast ratio to each alignment mark and reference mark on the captured image; and thereafter aligning the alignment mark with the reference mark, while checking the image.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a communication hole that has a first opening which communicates with a pressure chamber side where pressure is applied to a supplied liquid at one end and a second opening which communicates with a nozzle side ejecting the liquid to which the pressure is applied at the other end, and communicates the pressure chamber and the nozzle with each other, an opening area of the second opening being larger than an opening area of the first opening. An inclined surface that is directed to the second opening is provided on a side where a distance between an edge of the first opening and an edge of the second opening in the first direction is shorter than on the other end side so that stagnation in the flow of the liquid and reduction in bubble discharge are prevented and stable liquid ejection is achieved.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided related to fluid dispensing heads. A dispense head is formed to define a plurality of fluid jetting nozzles and a surface pattern. The surface pattern is characterized by one or more voids extending inward from an outer surface of the dispense head. Fluid puddle formation during operation of the dispense head is limited in volume by way of the surface pattern. Fluid puddle limiting reduces or eliminates dispensing errors to an entity, undesirable artifacts from resulting on a printed media, or similar problems.

Abstract: A method of providing a printhead assembly having a hydrophilic ink pathway and a hydrophobic ink ejection face. The method includes the steps of: providing a printhead assembly comprising a printhead attached to an ink supply manifold, the printhead comprising a nozzle plate having a hydrophobic coating and a protective metal film disposed on the hydrophobic coating; treating surfaces of an ink pathway in the printhead assembly with a solution comprising an alkoxylated polyethyleneimine; drying the surfaces; and removing the protective metal film so as to reveal the hydrophobic coating.

Abstract: A fuel injector, including a valve insert and a plug extrusion coating, is described, the valve insert including a valve seat and a valve housing. The valve housing has an alignment device, which is equipped to align the valve insert in an injection molding die, and the plastic extrusion coating has a second alignment device which is equipped to align the fuel injector during assembly in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a droplet ejection head, a structure of a substrate having an energy-generating element that imparts energy to a liquid to eject a liquid droplet from an ejection orifice and an orifice plate having the ejection orifice formed therein are laminated through a flow channel member for forming a pattern of a liquid flow channel that is a region in which the liquid flows. At least one of a plate before being laminated and the flow channel member before being laminated has a void of at least one of a through-hole other than the ejection orifice and a recess in the face to be laminated.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a thermal head, a groove portion is formed in one surface of at least one of a first substrate and a second substrate, and a width dimension of the groove portion is measured. The first and second substrates are bonded to each other in a stacked state so as to close an opening of the groove portion. A heating resistor is formed on a surface of the second substrate in a region opposed to the groove portion. A protective film for covering and protecting the heating resistor is formed on the surface of the second substrate. A thickness dimension of the protective film is set so as to increase with an increase in the measured width dimension of the groove portion and so as to decrease with an increase in a thickness dimension of the second substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a liquid discharge head, the liquid discharge head includes a substrate provided on a surface with a first energy generating part and a second energy generating part for generating energy utilized for discharging a liquid; a first discharge port provided corresponding to the first energy generating part so as to face the surface; a second discharge port provided corresponding to the second energy generating part so as to face the surface; a first wall member which has a wall of a first liquid flow path which communicates with the first discharge port; and a second wall member which has a wall of a second liquid flow path which communicates the second discharge port, wherein a distance between the second energy generating part and the second discharge port is greater than a distance between the first energy generating part and the first discharge port.

Abstract: A through-hole forming method includes steps of forming a first impurity region (102a) around a region where a through-hole is to be formed in the first surface of a silicon substrate (101), the first impurity region (102) being higher in impurity concentration than the silicon substrate (101), forming a second impurity region (102b) at a position adjacent to the first impurity region (102a) in the depth direction of the silicon substrate (101), the second impurity region (102b) being higher in impurity concentration than the first impurity region (102a), forming an etch stop layer (103) on the first surface, forming an etch mask layer (104) having an opening on the second surface of the silicon substrate (101) opposite to the first surface, and etching the silicon substrate (101) until at least the etch stop layer (103) is exposed via the opening.

Abstract: In a head chip, a cover plate includes a positioning reference provided at a position facing at least one of nozzle holes through at least one liquid jet channel. The positioning reference can be detected from underneath the nozzle plate through the nozzle hole and the liquid jet channel. A method of manufacturing the head chip includes a positioning step for positioning the nozzle plate by detecting the positioning reference provided in the cover plate.

Abstract: The liquid jet head includes an actuator substrate on which a plurality of grooves is arranged, and a nozzle plate having nozzle holes communicated with the grooves. Drive electrodes extending in an X direction and insulating films covering a part of both side surfaces of a wall portion are installed on both of the side surfaces of the wall portion. Each of the drive electrodes are installed on the surface of the wall portion around the nozzle hole 11 and holds the insulating films with the wall portion at both of the X-direction ends.

Abstract: An inkjet head according to an embodiment includes a base portion, a driving element, a wire, a protection portion, and a boundary portion. The base portion includes a mounting surface. The driving element is mounted on the base portion. The wire is formed on the mounting surface and connected to the driving element. The protection portion is formed on the mounting surface, covering a portion of the driving element and the wire, and possesses an insulation property. The boundary portion is provided at an end of the protection portion contacting the wire that is exposed. The boundary portion is thinner than the protection portion and possesses an insulation property. Thus, an inkjet head in which stripping of an insulating portion can be restrained is provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid ejection head including a liquid ejection substrate, an electric wiring member, and a supporting member having a first supporting surface and a second supporting surface, including: positioning an outer peripheral portion of the electric wiring member disposed on the side of the second supporting surface outside of the second supporting surface; providing the supporting member with the first depression at a position facing one part of the outer peripheral portion of the electric wiring member and the second depression connected to the first depression at a position facing another part of the outer peripheral portion having a width smaller than that of the first depression, and applying an adhesive agent in the first depression to cause part of the adhesive agent to flow into the second depression, so that the outer peripheral portion of the electric wiring member is adhered to the supporting member.

Abstract: A method for hydrophilizing surfaces of a printhead assembly includes decontaminating the printhead assembly; plasma activating the surfaces of the printhead assembly; treating the surfaces of the printhead assembly with a treatment solution; drying the printhead assembly; baking the printhead assembly; and performing a print quality and electrical test on the printhead assembly. The step of decontaminating the printhead assembly is performed before the step of plasma activating the surfaces of the printhead assembly.

Abstract: A printhead for an ink jet printer can be formed as a plurality of substructures which are connected subsequent to inspection and/or testing. A substructure can include a semiconductor substrate such as a silicon substrate having a plurality of heater traces which are used to maintain a temperature of melted solid ink within a tolerance of a desired temperature. The traces can be accurately formed using semiconductor processing techniques. Testing and/or inspecting the substructures prior to assembly can reduce rework and scrap, and can allow the formation of printhead structures from a wide variety of materials.

Abstract: A method of assembling an optical sensor assembly for a carriage of a carriage printer, the method includes providing a flexible circuit subassembly including a photosensor and a light source; providing a mounting member including a first cavity and a second cavity having an orientation that is different than an orientation of the first cavity; mounting the flexible circuit subassembly on the mounting member such that the photosensor is disposed in the first cavity and the light source is disposed in the second cavity; and affixing the mounting member to an outer housing, wherein a connector end of the flexible circuit subassembly extends outwardly from the mounting member and the outer housing.

Abstract: A release agent application system includes an image receiving member, a release agent applicator roller, a release agent pad, a release agent reservoir, and an actuator. The actuator operates the release agent applicator roller to move it between a resting position, where the roller absorbs release agent from the pad, and an application position, where the roller engages a surface of the image receiving member and to transfer release agent to the image receiving member.

Abstract: A printhead and related fabrication method are described with the printhead including a spacer layer.

Abstract: The invention provides an adaptor for mounting a pump directly to the ink circulation system of an inkjet printer. By incorporating an adaptor and providing a selection of adaptors, a variety of pumps can be fitted to the ink circulation system without the need for pipes and pipe connectors.

Abstract: A liquid jet head is provided with an actuator substrate partitioned by elongated walls of a piezoelectric body and having elongated ejection grooves and elongated non-ejection grooves alternately arrayed thereon so as to penetrate the actuator substrate from an upper surface through a lower surface thereof; a cover plate provided on the upper surface and having first slits communicating with the ejection grooves on one side and second slits communicating with the ejection grooves on the other side; and a nozzle plate provided on the lower surface and having nozzles communicating with the ejection grooves. The non-ejection grooves extend, on the other side, up to a second-side peripheral end of the actuator substrate, and the actuator substrate is left to form raised bottom portions on bottoms of the non-ejection grooves near the second-side peripheral end.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an ink jet recording head made of a laminate structure, in which plural members are laminated, includes making an ink channel including a nozzle by laminating the plural members including a nozzle plate having the nozzle; and performing a channel film forming process for forming a channel film having an ink resistance, the channel film covering an entire inner wall of the ink channel formed in the plural members including the nozzle plate and the nozzle.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ink jet head capable of ejecting an exact amount of ink, an angular velocity sensor capable of measuring an exact angular velocity, and a piezoelectric generating element capable of generating an electric power due to positive piezoelectric effect, even when the applied electric field of 40 kV/cm or more is applied. The piezoelectric film used for the present invention comprises a piezoelectric layer and first and second electrodes which sandwich the piezoelectric layer therebetween, the first electrode comprises a (001) orientation, the piezoelectric layer is composed of (1-z)(NaxBiy)TiO0.5x+1.5y+2-zBaTiO3 having a (001) orientation, x is not less than 0.30 and not more than 0.46, y is not less than 0.51 and not more than 0.62, and z is not less than 0.07 and not more than 0.09.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a substrate and a flow-path-forming member that forms a plurality of flow paths and discharge ports that are in communication with the flow paths on the substrate. Liquid is to be discharged from the discharge ports. A space is formed between the plurality of flow paths and is filled with a filling material. In the case where a direction in which the liquid is to be discharged from the discharge ports is an upward direction, a top surface of the filling material is positioned at the same height as a face surface of the flow-path-forming member or is positioned higher than the face surface of the flow-path-forming member in the upward direction.

Abstract: A print head includes an energy generating element, a chamber for accommodating liquid, and an ejection opening for ejecting liquid from the chamber, thus applying the energy to the liquid in the chamber from the energy generating element to eject the liquid from the ejection opening, wherein the ejection opening includes at least two projections convex to an inside of the ejection opening in a cross section perpendicular to a liquid ejecting direction and has a tapered angle ?1 in regard to the liquid ejecting direction, enabling a meniscus of the liquid to be formed therebetween at the liquid ejecting time, and an outer edge portion has a tapered angle ?2 in regard to the liquid ejecting direction, wherein the tapered angles ?1 and ?2 are defined to meet a formula of 0°??1?10° and a formula of ?2>?1.

Abstract: A method and structure for forming an ink jet printhead can include the use of a transfer pad to transfer an adhesive solution to an ink jet printhead substrate. The adhesive solution can be placed within a patterned recess of a cliché and then an upper surface of the adhesive solution can be gelled. A surface of the transfer pad contacts the gelled upper surface and transfers the adhesive solution to the ink jet printhead substrate. During the transfer, a lower surface of the adhesive solution gels. During contact with the ink jet printhead substrate, the gelled lower surface adheres to the ink jet printhead substrate while the gelled upper surface releases from the transfer pad.

Abstract: The present application discloses an engine, a fuel system for an engine, and a method of installing the fuel system and converting an engine to operate using a second fuel. In one exemplary embodiment, the fuel system comprises at least one fuel rail for the second fuel, at least one connector attached to the fuel rail and configured to fluidly connect the fuel rail to a second fuel injector, and at least one fuel injector adapter configured to receive a discharge end of the second fuel injector and position the discharge end in fluid communication with at least one of an intake port and a combustion chamber of the engine. The fuel system is configured such that the engine operates using the second fuel without removal or use of the original fuel rails and original fuel injectors.

Abstract: A system for producing a plurality of spaced holes in a component which includes a hole producing machine, a control system in communication with the hole producing machine, and a hole pattern definition module which provides instructions to the control system for operating and controlling the hole producing machine. The hole pattern definition module determines a desired distribution of the holes in the component using predetermined input parameters.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an ink jet recording head. The method includes providing a laminated structure in which a first electrode layer is located on a diaphragm, a piezoelectric layer is located on the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer is located on the piezoelectric layer and etching the first electrode layer, the second electrode layer and the piezoelectric layer so that a portion of the diaphragm is exposed. In this method, at least the second electrode layer and the piezoelectric layer are etched simultaneously.