Abstract: The present invention corresponds to a device for positioning elements along a support body, comprising a first plate with a groove on its perimeter and a second plate with a groove on its perimeter, the first plate is in contact with the second plate, wherein the groove of the first plate and the groove of the second plate are coincident, and in which the positioning elements are arranged between the grooves of the first plate and the second plate. Additionally, the first plate and second plate have fastening means allowing them to be fastened to the support body.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a printing cylinder. The method comprises providing a moulding apparatus comprising a cylindrical moulding vessel defining a moulding cavity (101). The vessel comprises at least one inlet for the ingress of moulding material. The method comprises performing an injection moulding operation comprising: injecting moulding material through the at least one inlet to substantially fill the moulding cavity with moulding material; and effecting hardening of the moulding material within the vessel (102). The method comprises removing the printing cylinder (103). At least part of the injection moulding operation is performed in the presence of an active pressure being applied to the moulding cavity.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a silicone composition for use as a temporary bonding adhesive comprising: (A) a polydiorganosiloxane having at least two alkenyl groups in each molecule; (B) a polyorganosiloxane having at least one silicon-bonded hydrogen atom in each molecule; and (C) a thermally expandable powder having an expansion ratio of 10 or more.

Abstract: A charging roller comprises a shaft member, a base layer located outside in the radial direction of the shaft member, and a surface layer located outside in the radial direction of the base layer and forming a surface. The surface layer includes particles, and the ratio of the total area of the particles exposed from the surface of the surface layer in a planar view seen from the radial direction of the charging roller, with respect to the area of the surface of the surface layer is more than 60%.

Abstract: A vibration reduction shaft includes a cylindrical outer shaft having an inner hollow portion, in which the outer shaft includes: a first member (110) and a second member (120) which are disposed to be spaced apart from each other in a longitudinal direction of the shaft; and a vibration reduction region (150) which is disposed between the first member and the second member, and multiple connecting members (151), which connect the first member and the second member in an axial direction, are disposed to be spaced apart from one another within the vibration reduction region.

Abstract: A thermal spray powder is provided that contains, as constituent elements, a first element selected from W and Mo; a second element selected from Co, Ni, and Fe; a third element selected from C and B; and a fourth element selected from Al and Mg. The amount of the second element in the thermal spray powder is 20% by mole or greater. The mole ratio of the fourth element to the second element in the thermal spray powder is 0.05 or greater and 0.5 or less. The thermal spray powder has a crystal phase containing Co, Ni, or Fe; W; and C or a crystal phase containing Co, Ni, or Fe; W or Mo; and B. In an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the thermal spray powder, the peak intensity attributed to Co, Ni, or Fe is at most 0.1 times the largest peak intensity in the same X-ray diffraction spectrum.

Abstract: Disclosed are a hypereutectic white iron alloy and articles such as pump components made therefrom. Besides iron and unavoidable impurities the alloy comprises, in weight percent based on the total weight of the alloy, from 3 to 6 C, from 0.01 to 1.2 N, from 0.1 to 4 B, from 3 to 48 Cr, from 0.1 to 7.5 Ni and from 0.1 to 4 Si and, optionally, one or more of Mn, Co, Cu, Mo, W, V, Mg, Ca, rare earth elements, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, Hf, Al.

Abstract: A centrifugally cast hot-rolling composite roll comprising (a) an outer layer made of cast iron having a chemical composition comprising by mass 2.5-3.5% of C, 1.3-2.4% of Si, 0.2-1.5% of Mn, 3.5-5.0% of Ni, 0.8-1.5% of Cr, 2.5-5.0% of Mo, 1.8-4.0% of V, and 0.2-1.5% of Nb, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, a mass ratio of Nb/V being 0.1-0.7, and a mass ratio of Mo/V being 0.7-2.5, and meeting the condition of 2.5?V+1.2Nb?5.5, and having a structure comprising 0.3-10% by area of a graphite phase; (b) a shaft portion made of ductile cast iron in which the area ratio of ferrite is 35% or less; and (c) an intermediate cast iron layer.

Abstract: An approach is provided for applying a release agent to a substrate having a first surface and a second surface. The approach involves causing, at least in part, a release agent supply device to supply release agent to a release agent applicator. The approach also involves causing, at least in part, a release agent metering device configured to control an amount of release agent applied to a roller configured to apply release agent to the first surface of the substrate. The roller is configured to accommodate the substrate under a tension over at least a portion of a circumference of the roller such that a pressure is exerted between the roller and the first surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A seamless, embossed or cast substrate is formed using a seamless sleeve having a seamless surface relief formed thereon and configured to slide over an cylindrical base in an embossing or casting assembly. The substrate is a flat web, foil, or film of, for example, paper, polyester, polypropylene, metal or other elongated flat material. The surface relief can be applied through interfering ablation, non-interfering ablation, ink jet printing, or other techniques wherein a seamless surface relief is formed onto the seamless sleeve. A method of making a seamless, embossed or cast substrate includes expanding a diameter of a seamless sleeve having a seamless surface relief formed thereon, sliding the expanded seamless sleeve onto a cylindrical base, allowing the diameter of the seamless sleeve to contract around the cylindrical base, and conveying a substrate through the embossing or casting assembly and embossing or casting the seamless surface relief into the substrate.

Abstract: A feed roll for a strand pelletizer and a method for producing the feed roll for a strand pelletizer. The feed roll comprises a metallic roll core and a sheathing located on the metallic roll core. The sheathing can comprise a plastic material and at least one metal mesh. The feed roll can be produced by: providing a metallic roll core, arranging a metallic mesh on the roll core, and molding over the metallic mesh with a plastic material to form the sheathing.

Abstract: To provide a charging member that can not easily cause faulty cleaning on a photosensitive member while having a flexibility high enough to form a nip between it and the photosensitive member in a sufficient width. The charging member has an electro-conductive support and an elastic layer that is a surface layer, which elastic layer has at its surface a region having been cured by irradiation with electron rays, where this region supports spherical polyethylene particles in such a state that the spherical polyethylene particles are exposed to the surface of the elastic layer, thereby making the surface roughened.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for manufacturing rotogravure cylinders with a cylinder base made of a light weight material like aluminum. The method involves the surface treatment of the cylinder with mechanical means, the copper plating in an appropriate solution, the engraving of the cylinder, and the hardening of the cylinder by chromium plating. The advantage of this method is that the chemical treatment for the preparation of the cylinder surface which generates hazardous waste is replaced by a mechanical process. In addition, the reduction of the cylinder weight considerably (e.g. for aluminum base cylinder the weight reduction is two thirds of the weight of a steel base cylinder) reduces significantly the transportation costs. Moreover, the adhesion of the copper layer to be engraved is improved and the cost and time of manufacturing reduced.

Abstract: Provided is a conductive roller including a shaft 1, and an elastic layer 2 and a surface layer 3 formed on the periphery of the shaft in the order mentioned. The elastic layer 2 is composed of a polyurethane foam containing a polyurethane resin and a waterproofing agent. By containing the waterproofing agent in the formulation of the polyurethane foam constituting the elastic layer 2, the environment-dependence of the roller resistance is improved, the resistance variance accompanied by change in the environment can be controlled, and pores formed on the surface of the elastic layer 2 are made fine, whereby the surface properties of the roller improve. Also provided is a method of manufacturing the above-mentioned conductive roller.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of an application roller that applies a coating solution onto a surface of a substrate, wherein the application roller includes a roller body that includes a large diameter portion and small diameter portions coaxially extended from both ends of the large diameter portion, the manufacturing method includes: overlaying a resin layer on at least an outer periphery of each of the small diameter portions; forming a masking portion on the outer periphery of each of the small diameter portions by processing an outer periphery of the resin layer; and forming an application groove portion on an outer periphery of the large diameter portion.

Abstract: The hearth roll includes a thermally sprayed coating formed on the surface thereof. The thermally sprayed coating includes a nitride, an oxide, or a multiple oxide, and a matrix material composed of one or two or more metals. In the hearth roll having high Mn build-up resistance, the following expressions are satisfied: 3% by volume?X1?50% by volume; 3% by volume?X2?50% by volume; and 40% by volume?X1+X2?80% by volume, in which X1 is the percentage by volume of the nitride contained in the thermally sprayed coating with respect to the total volume (10% by volume) of the thermally sprayed coating, and X2 is the percentage by volume of the oxide or the multiple oxide contained in the thermally sprayed coating with respect to the total volume of the thermally sprayed coating.

Abstract: A roller for electrophotography has an electrically conductive support and an elastic layer as a surface layer. The elastic layer holds spherical particles each having a plane on their peripheral surfaces, in such a way that part or the whole of the plane comes exposed to the surface of the elastic layer, and the plane of each of the spherical particles standing exposed to the surface of the elastic layer and a plane that is i) orthogonal to a straight line passing through an axis of a section orthogonal to an axis of the roller for electrophotography and being directed toward the peripheral surface of the roller for electrophotography and is ii) tangential to the peripheral surface of the roller for electrophotography form an acute internal angle.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a low-cost electrophotographic elastic roller having a good dimensional precision is provided. In that method, in which both end parts of a shaft core body are gripped and fixed in a vertical direction, an inclination of a central axis is corrected, a circular coating head including a circular slit is used so that the shaft core body is moved in the direction, and a elastic layer material is ejected from the slit to be coated on the shaft core body, the method includes: a maximum deflection coordinate in a longitudinal direction of the shaft core body is detected with a central axis of the shaft core body as a base point coordinate before coating; a central position of the head is moved at constant from the base point to the maximum during coating, and the position is moved to the base point after the head has reached the maximum.

Abstract: A roller for electrophotography is provided which has an electrically conductive support and an elastic layer as a surface layer, where the elastic layer holds spherical particles each having a plane on their peripheral surfaces, in such a way that part or the whole of the plane comes exposed to the surface of the elastic layer, and the plane of each of the spherical particles standing exposed to the surface of the elastic layer and a plane that is i) orthogonal to a straight line passing through an axis of a section orthogonal to an axis of the roller for electrophotography and being directed toward the peripheral surface of the roller for electrophotography and is ii) tangential to the peripheral surface of the roller for electrophotography forms an acute internal angle.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing a conductive rubber roller having small aspect ratios of inner and outer diameters, having a stable measure of its inner diameter, having uniform cell distribution and being free from non-uniformity of hardness and electrical resistance in the peripheral direction. The process has a step of continuously extruding a tube composed of a specific unvulcanized rubber composition from a rubber extruder in a microwave vulcanizing unit, and a step of foaming and vulcanizing the tube by using a microwave irradiator having a microwave irradiation zone 4 m or less in length while being transported at given speed. The foamed rubber tube has an inner diameter 20 to 35% smaller than the outer diameter of the conductive core material over the whole region in the lengthwise direction, and the conductive core material is press-fitted into the foamed rubber tube without using any adhesive.

Abstract: A method for making a developer roll by molding a metal shaft with a conductive or semi-conductive soft rubber forming a rubber core and a coating deposited on the soft rubber core wherein the coating has a conductive agent. The outer surface of the soft rubber core is modified to form an —OH rich surface layer before the coating is deposited onto the outer surface of the rubber core to chemically bond therein.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to a method for producing lens patterns on a roll which is used to produce optical films wherein the method comprises forming a resin film on a roll comprising a plated layer which has been surface-plated with copper (Cu) or nickel (Ni); producing a preliminary lens pattern by striking the surface of the resin film on the roll with a chisel; etching with an etching solution the roll having the preliminary lens pattern formed thereon; and removing the resin film, and a roll for producing optical films comprising lens patterns formed thereon by the same method.

Abstract: An endless electrophotographic member, such as a developer roller, which indicates an improved resistance to nip banding. The improvement to nip banding may be provided by the use of an organic salt within a roller surface region. The roller may provide, at a nip location, a resistive surface layer having an electrical resistance that avoids the development of nip banding and relatively dark regions on printed media.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a refurbished cylinder roller and a process for refurbishing cylinder rollers for use in printing machines. More particularly, the present invention also relates to a process for refurbishing metallic gravure cylinder rollers by replacing the worn outer plating layers with an extruded and thermally cured electrically conductive polymer material, and thereafter electroplating new outer plating layers thereon, the new plating layers including a new printing image formed therein.

Abstract: Developer roll having a conductive or semi-conductive soft rubber core and a coating deposited in the soft rubber core wherein the coating has a conductive agent. The outer surface of the soft rubber core is modified before the coating is deposited onto the outer surface of the soft rubber core. Methods for making the same.

Abstract: A conductive roller such as a developing roller, a charging roller or the like provided with a resin coating layer on a surface of an elastic layer, and more particularly to a conductive roller having the resin coating layer using an ultraviolet-curing type resin or an electron beam curing type resin and being obtained by contriving a structure of the resin coating layer, rendering the resin coating layer to contain microparticles, controlling the particle size of the microparticles, or forming the resin coating layer after the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer is subjected to surface treatment.

Abstract: This is a mandrel used to fabricate seamless belts including those used in electrophotographic marking systems. The mandrel has a center core unit with two circular caps on each side. In between the caps is sandwiched a deformable O-ring which is outwardly deformed upon tightening of the two caps together. Once a tubular sheet is placed over the mandrel, the elastomeric O-ring will hold the sheet in place for further processing.

Abstract: A conductive roller has a core and a conductive foam formed on a peripheral surface thereof. The conductive foam constitutes a three-phase rubber composition containing 35 to 50 parts by mass of epichlorohydrin rubber, 25 to 35 parts by mass of ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer rubber, and 25 to 30 parts by mass of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber as a rubber component thereof. The conductive foam does not have a coating layer formed on a surface thereof. The conductive roller has an Asker C hardness, an electric resistance value, an average surface-cell diameter, and a number of surface cells set to 30 to 36°, 106 to 107?, 100 to 200 ?m, and 50 to 120/1.5 mm square respectively.

Abstract: An aluminum sleeve for magnetic development rollers includes an aluminum sleeve and a shaft fixed at the ends of the aluminum sleeve for engaging with a gear, wherein an etching absorption layer is arranged on the surface of the aluminum sleeve, and a nickel plating protect layer is arranged onto the etching absorption layer. A manufacture method thereof involves forming an etching absorption layer on the surface of the aluminum sleeve via a chemical texture etching process, then forming a nickel plating protect layer onto the etching absorption layer via a nickel chemical plating process. The etching absorption layer has fine and uniform particles, and the nickel protect layer prevents the etching absorption layer from being oxidized and improves the wear resistance of the aluminum sleeve.

Abstract: A developing roller is provided which supplies a toner to a photosensitive member to develop an electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive member. The developing roller has a surface layer which includes carbon black and a polyurethane resin. The polyurethane resin has a specific structure. The surface layer has a specific ester group concentration and a specific urethane group concentration.

Abstract: A method and system for producing rolls for electrophotography are provided. The rolls can be rotated and shifted laterally during an oxidative baking process to produce finished rolls having improved electrical and printing characteristics. The oxidation of the rolls may be controlled to provide a corresponding increase in surface electrical resistance to within plus or minus 25 microns of a selected roll thickness.

Abstract: A method for producing an outer layer for a roll having a structure having MC carbide dispersed at an area ratio of 20-60%, comprising the steps of (1) centrifugally casting a melt having a composition comprising, by mass, 2.2-6.0% of C, 0.1-3.5% of Si, 0.1-3.5% of Mn, and 8-22% of V, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurity elements, to produce a cylindrical body comprising an inner layer having concentration MC carbide, an MC-carbide-poor outer layer, and a concentration gradient layer between the inner layer and the outer layer, in which the area ratio of MC carbide changes, and (2) cutting the cylindrical body to a depth at which the area ratio of MC carbide is 20% or more.

Abstract: A process for producing a conductive rubber roller having a conductive core material and a rubber layer provided thereon. The rubber layer contains at least acrylonitrile rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber and a blowing agent, and has a gas generation rate of from 2 ml/g·min to 4 ml/g·min at 170° C. to 230° C. The process has a vulcanizing and foaming step of vulcanizing and foaming the rubber layer by using a microwave vulcanizing furnace which provides hot air and irradiation with microwaves. A temperature of a heating atmosphere in the microwave vulcanizing furnace in the vulcanizing and foaming step is so controlled that a ratio of initial vulcanizing time T10 to initial foaming time Tp10, T10/Tp10, of the rubber layer is from 1 or more to less than 3 and the T10 is within 90 seconds.

Abstract: The roller can be suitably used for a guide section of a moving unit capable of moving a heavy matter without enormously increasing rigidity of a rail and is capable of reducing weight and production cost of the moving unit. The roller comprises: a tubular core having an outer circumferential face, in which a groove section is formed; and a resin coat section continuously coating the outer circumferential face of the tubular core, an inner face of the groove section, both ends of the tubular core and at least parts of an inner circumferential face thereof.

Abstract: To provide a conductive roller which does not cause defective images with, for example, black lines, which would otherwise be caused by current leakage due to aggregation of carbon black particles or a similar phenomenon, and a method for inspecting the roller. The conductive roller having a metallic core and at least one rubber elastic layer provided on the outer peripheral surface of the core, the rubber elastic layer being formed from a conductive rubber which has ion conductivity and which contains carbon black micropowder, characterized in that said rubber elastic layer satisfies the relationship represented by the following formula: |?max/?min|?5,??[F1] wherein ?max represents the maximum value of phase difference ? as measured upon application of an AC voltage of 1.0 V within a frequency range of 100 mHz to 10 kHz, and ?min represents the minimum value of phase difference ? as measured under the same conditions.

Abstract: The present invention intends to provide a method of producing a developing roller capable of providing high-quality electrophotographic images under a variety of environments. The method of producing a developing roller according to the present invention is a method of producing a developing roller having a mandrel, a resin layer on the outer periphery of the mandrel, and a surface layer on the outer periphery of the resin layer, the method including the step of curing a mixture containing a carbon black, a specific diol, and a specific isocyanate compound to form the surface layer.

Abstract: To provide an electrophotographic developing member which can both be kept from the sticking of a developer and be kept from being deformed by its contacting members, and can form stable images over a long period of time. An electrophotographic developing member characterized in that its surface layer satisfies the following expressions (1) to (3) where the average crosslinking density in each region of up to 100 nm in depth, from 100 nm to 200 nm in depth and from 200 nm to 300 nm in depth from the surface of the surface layer is represented by C1, C2 and C3 (mol/cm3), respectively: C3<C2<C1;??(1) C3×1.3?C1?C3×5.0; and??(2) 2.0×10?4?C3?7.0×10?4.

Abstract: A core is provided with a coating formed by an agglomerate obtained by hardening of a mixture comprising a granulated stone material, preferably of the type having a high hardness factor and light color, and a hardening resin, preferably an epoxy resin, for manufacturing a roller or cylinder of a non-porous external surface, the roller being used for the processing of materials and products. For the manufacture of the roller, a formwork having a cavity for housing a core is prepared so as to provide an interspace which is filled with the mixture, following which compacting of the mixture present in the interspace and then the resin hardening step are performed to obtain a non-porous agglomerate.

Abstract: A conductive roller which can form images of consistent quality and does not cause image failures such as formation of blank spots and a method for inspecting the roller. The conductive roller having a metallic core and at least one rubber elastic layer provided on the outer peripheral surface of the core, the rubber elastic layer being formed from a conductive rubber to which conductivity has been imparted by carbon powder, wherein the conductive roller satisfies the relationship represented by formula (1): Zr/Zc?5??(1), wherein Zr (?) represents a resistance component and Zc (?) represents a capacitive reactance component, the resistance component Zr (?) and the capacitive reactance component Zc (?) being calculated respectively from impedance Z (?) and phase difference ?, when the impedance Z (?) is measured upon application of an AC voltage of 0.2 V at a frequency of 1 Hz to the rubber elastic layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fixing roller which comprises a core 16, a porous material layer 22 disposed in surrounding relation to an outer peripheral surface of the core 16, and a thin-walled metal sleeve 26 covering an outer peripheral surface of the porous material layer 22. The porous material layer 22 comprises a closed cell-type silicone elastomer. The present invention provides a fixing roller capable of ensuring enhanced durability and maintaining a usable state over long periods under the condition of being actually driven and rotated.

Abstract: A method for producing a replaceable fuser member including a thin, seamless or welded high temperature nickel sleeve, a base cushion positioned around the sleeve and an outside topcoat applied over the base cushion elastomer layer. The sleeve is replaceable on a machine mandrel positioned in an electrophotographic copying machine in a fuser section of the electrophotographic copying machine. The method includes the use of a mandrel having a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to that of the sleeve to support the sleeve during positioning of a cured base cushion layer around the sleeve and a cured topcoat layer over the cured base material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing paint roller covers is disclosed in which the paint roller covers are manufactured from a seamless, tubular fabric sleeve having a backing and a pile made at least in part from a low melt fiber or yarn. The seamless, tubular fabric sleeve is placed onto a cylindrical member, and heat is applied to cause the low melt fiber or yarn in the backing and looped ends of the pile be activated to cause the backing of the seamless, tubular fabric sleeve to remain in a cylindrical configuration. The activated tubular knitted pile fabric may be finished into paint roller covers by combing and shearing the pile fabric to a desired length, beveling the edges of the paint roller covers, and vacuuming stray fibers from the paint roller covers.

Abstract: A bridge mandrel for use on a printing press, an example of which includes making an inner tube laid up with a compressible foam layer between wound glass fiber layers, an outer tube wound with carbon fiber, steel end caps, and a pneumatic system for delivering air to the surface of the completed mandrel; assembling these parts into a hollow bridge mandrel assembly; injecting liquid expanding foam into it as an intermediate component; and finishing the surface of the outer tube. The outer tube is made from tube stock laid up over a peel ply wrapped on a forming mandrel, and cut to length. Another example of the invention includes a bridge sleeve comprising a composite layup of glass, compressible foam, glass, and carbon fiber, the ends of which are sealed from chemical exposure by end caps.

Abstract: A process produces a conductive rubber roller having small aspect ratios of inner and outer diameters, having a stable measure of its inner diameter, having uniform cell distribution and being free from non uniformity of hardness and electrical resistance in the peripheral direction. The process has a step of continuously extruding a tube composed of a specific unvulcanized rubber composition from a rubber extruder in a microwave vulcanizing unit, and a step of foaming and vulcanizing the tube by using a microwave irradiator having a microwave irradiation zone 4 m or less in length while being transported at given speed. The foamed rubber tube has an inner diameter 20 to 35% smaller than the outer diameter of the conductive core material over the whole region in the lengthwise direction, and the conductive core material is press fitted into the foamed rubber tube without using any adhesive.

Abstract: An aluminum sleeve for magnetic development rollers includes an aluminum sleeve and a shaft fixed at the ends of the aluminum sleeve for engaging with a gear, wherein an etching absorption layer is arranged on the surface of the aluminum sleeve, and a nickel plating protect layer is arranged onto the etching absorption layer. A manufacture method thereof involves forming an etching absorption layer on the surface of the aluminum sleeve via a chemical texture etching process, then forming a nickel plating protect layer onto the etching absorption layer via a nickel chemical plating process. The etching absorption layer has fine and uniform particles, and the nickel protect layer prevents the etching absorption layer from being oxidized and improves the wear resistance of the aluminum sleeve.

Abstract: A printing roller carries a bearer ring comprised of a metallic body having an outer surface, and a hard, chemically inert, electrically insulating, and diamond-like layer on the outer surface. This ring is used with lubrication and is made by fitting a ring without a coating to a roller, machining it true on the roller, then removing it from the roller and coating its surface with a DLC layer, and finally reinstalling it on the printing roller.

Abstract: There is provided a cam follower in which a surface roughness of an outer surface of a roller of a cam follower which is in rolling contact with a cam of an engine is obtained individually in an axial direction and a circumferential direction, a skewness Rsk of a profile is formed to be negative, a core roughness depth Rk is made to be 0.3 or less, a reduced valley depth Rvk is made to be 0.3 or less, and a ratio Rk/Rt of the Rk to a maximum height Rt of the profile is made to be 0.19 or more.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus capable of preventing sheets from being crumpled due to compressive deformation of a resilient layer thereof when the sheets pass through a fixing unit, and a method for manufacturing the same. The pressure roller may include a reinforcing member that reinforces a side of the resilient layer to prevent an axial compressive deformation of the resilient layer, a reinforcing member received between the shaft and the resilient layer to increase hardness of the resilient layer, or a reinforcing member interposed between the shaft and the resilient layer to reduce the compressive deformation of the resilient layer.

Abstract: An improved method for producing a metallic core for use in the production of a blanket cylinder or an image cylinder sleeve for use in electrophotographic processes. The sleeves includes aluminum or other suitable metal, which is rendered more suitable for use as a sleeve surface by oxidation.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a charging roller (i) which includes a rubber member whose surface is subjected to a hardening treatment using a solvent containing at least an isocyanate compound and (ii) which can prevent leakage of an ionic conductive agent even if the charging roller is placed under conditions of high temperature and high humidity for a long time. The charging roller is made by forming a rubber layer on a metal core. The rubber layer is an epichlorohydrin based rubber base material to which an ionic conductive agent is added, the rubber layer being subjected to a surface treatment by applying a solution containing the isocyanate compound and heating it. This surface treatment is carried out under such conditions that a coefficient of dynamic friction at a contact portion between the rubber layer and a photoreceptor becomes 0.4 or less.