Abstract: The invention relates to a voltage-boosting stage (100) comprising a first capacitive voltage circuit (S1, S2, S3, S4, CO, Cb) coupled to a power supply (Vs) and providing an output voltage at an output terminal. The voltage-boosting stage further comprises a second capacitive voltage circuit (S5, S6, S7, S8, C1, Cb) coupled to a power supply (Vs) and providing another output voltage at another output terminal the output terminal and the other terminals being coupled together and further coupled to a supply terminal of a power stage (S9, S1O) for implementing a two-level boosted power stage.

Abstract: Occurrence of power supply noise arising in connection with a step-down action at the time of turning on power supply is to be restrained. A step-down unit is provided with a switched capacitor type step-down circuit and a series regulator type step-down circuit, and stepped-down voltage output terminals of the step-down circuits are connected in common. The common connection of the stepped-down voltage output terminals of both step-down circuits makes possible parallel driving of both, selective driving of either or consecutive driving of the two. In the consecutive driving, even if the switched capacitor type step-down circuit is driven after driving the series regulator type step-down circuit first to supply a stepped-down voltage to loads, the switched capacitor type step-down circuit will need only to be compensated for a discharge due to the loads, and a peak of a charge current for capacitors can be kept low.

Abstract: Power-efficient, pulsed driving of capacitive loads to controllable voltage levels, with particular applicability to LCDs. Energy stored in a portion of the capacitive load is recovered during a recovery phase. Time-varying signals are used to drive the load and to recover the stored energy, thus minimizing power losses, using processes named adiabatic charging and adiabatic discharging.

Abstract: A switched capacitor regulator in accordance with the present invention comprises a DC voltage source, a plurality of switches, a pumping capacitor, and a load capacitor. The plurality of switches may comprise semiconductor switches implemented in an integrated circuit (IC). The plurality of switches is configured to operate the switched capacitor regulator to place the regulator into a first charging stage and, alternately, a second charging stage. The switching between the first stage and the second stage results in the pumping capacitor being charged in opposing directions, while the load capacitor is always being charged in the same direction. The load capacitor is thus being charged in both the first charging stage and the second charging stage.

Abstract: A driver circuit for a charge pump circuit capable of switching between step-up ratios, may include a control unit which controls the charge pump circuit; a first oscillator outputting a first periodic signal; and a second oscillator outputting a second periodic signal employed for a time measurement for setting the step-up ratio and having a frequency set lower than the first periodic signal. When the step-up ratio of the charge pump circuit is larger than 1, the control unit turns on only the first oscillator to perform, based on the first periodic signal, a time measurement for setting the step-up ratio and the control of a step-up action of the charge pump circuit. When the step-up ratio of the charge pump circuit is 1, the control unit turns on only the second oscillator to perform the time measurement for setting up the step-up ratio based on the second periodic signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a high voltage pulse. A series of voltage cells are connected such that charging capacitors can be charged in parallel and discharged in series. Each cell includes a main switch and a return switch. When the main switches are turned on, the capacitors in the cells are in series and discharge. When the main switches are turned off and the return switches are turned on, the capacitors charge in parallel. One or more of the cells can be inactive without preventing a pulse from being generated. The amplitude, duration, rise time, and fall time can be controlled with the voltage cells. Each voltage cell may also include a balance network to match the stray capacitance seen by each voltage cell. Droop compensation is also enabled. Isolation diodes ensure that a discharge current can bypass inoperable voltage cells.

Abstract: A voltage doubler rectifier RF power harvesting system is provided having at least one power harvesting module with a voltage doubler rectifier that includes a DC voltage input and output, signal input, first and second floating gate transistors that are connected in series between the DC voltage input and output, and a gate control of the floating gate is connected to a drain of the transistor. The voltage double rectifier includes a first capacitor disposed between the input signal and the drain of the first floating gate transistor, and a second capacitor disposed between a ground and the drain of the second floating gate transistor. The system includes an input antenna and a transmitter with a transmitter antenna, where a full-wave peak-to-peak voltage of an incoming RF signal is rectified. The system also includes a powered device connected to the DC voltage output to utilize the rectified signal.

Abstract: A DC-DC boost converter comprises a charge pump selectively operating in a voltage doubler or in a voltage tripler mode. A switching arrangement connects the charge pump to an input voltage terminal in a charge phase and to an output voltage terminal in a discharge phase. A controllable current source is connected in series with the charge pump in the discharge phase and an error amplifier has a first input connected to a reference voltage, a second input connected to the output voltage terminal and an output connected to a control input of the controllable current source. The converter further comprises a mode changeover circuit with a first comparator having a first input connected to the output of the error amplifier and a second input connected to a first threshold voltage source. A second comparator has a first input connected to the output of the error amplifier and a second input connected to a second threshold voltage source.

Abstract: For downsizing a charge pump circuit which selects a voltage multiple ratio, converts its input voltage and outputs the converted voltage, the number of switching devices of the charge pump circuit is reduced. The control circuit of the charge pump circuit is configured to carry out switching control for multiple switching devices and charge/discharge at least a first capacitor and a second capacitor so as to have at least a 2Vi mode for alternately repeating a first state and a second state, and a 1.5Vi mode for alternately repeating a third state and a fourth state, thereby carrying out boosting depending on the detected input voltage.

Abstract: A circuit to supply power to a detachable load incorporates a power source, a power converter and an array of capacitors. Upon connection of the detachable load, the capacitors of the array of capacitors are automatically configured into a desired series, parallel or combination series and parallel configuration of interconnections to accommodate limitations in the voltage ranges of the capacitors in being coupled to the load and/or to achieve other desired characteristics of electrical power to be provided to the load. Further, upon connection of the detachable load, a limit on current flow imposed by the power converter may be set to a desired level to achieve desired characteristics of electrical power to be provided to the load and/or desired characteristics of charging and discharging behaviors of the array of capacitors.

Abstract: A switching power supply apparatus generates a first output voltage with a reversed polarity of an input voltage and a second input voltage of double the input voltage with the reversed polarity, and then outputs them from the first output terminal and the second output terminal. A driver circuit includes a control unit and a first switch to a sixth switch. The driver circuit repeats three charging periods in a time-division manner. The three charging periods are a first charging period during which a flying capacitor is charged with the input voltage, a second charging period in which a low-potential-side terminal of the flying capacitor is connected to a ground terminal and a first output capacitor is charged with a voltage appearing at the other end of the flying capacitor, and a third charging period in which a high-potential-side of the flying capacitor is connected with the first output terminal and a second output capacitor is charged with a voltage appearing at the other end of the flying capacitor.

Abstract: A step down DC-DC converter is reduced in the cost by reducing a number of capacitors included. The DC-DC converter is provided with switches that connect (n?1) capacitors in parallel with each other and switches that connect the capacitors in series with each other. In phase 1, some switches are turned on to connect the capacitors in parallel between an output terminal and a ground voltage so that the capacitors are charged. In phase 2, other switches are turned on to connect the capacitors in series between the output terminal and an input voltage so that the capacitors are discharged. A stepped down output voltage, that is 1/n times of the input voltage, is obtained by alternating the phase 1 and the phase 2 until a stable state is reached.

Abstract: A delay locked loop (DLL) having a charge pump gain independent of the operating frequency of the DLL. A method for providing a constant gain for a charge pump component of a delay locked loop (DLL) is disclosed, and includes: providing a switched capacitor stage responsive to a charge phase for charging a capacitor and a dump phase for dumping the capacitor; and aligning the charge phase and the dump phase such that a control voltage provided by the charge pump is independent of a frequency of a DLL charge and discharge phase.

Abstract: The invention provides an optimal electric power converter for a DC/DC converter which variably steps up a voltage successively with an optional magnification of one to two times or more and/or step down a voltage successively with a step-down ratio of one time or less. The converter includes a first input-output part, an inductor connected with a positive or a negative electrode side of the first input-output part, plural switches, plural capacitors, a second input-output part connected with plural capacitors, and a control circuit, wherein the control circuit controls the plural switches with operation mode and makes the inductor and plural capacitors selectively functional, wherein the electric power converter is of a switched capacitance type that performs any operation out of step-up, step-down, regeneration, and continuity, and wherein the control circuit controls to have a period for which two switches out of the plural switches are simultaneously turned ON.

Abstract: A circuit for the limitation of over-voltages in energy storage modules having a series circuit of energy storage elements connected between a first potential and a second potential includes voltage-limiting elements associated with combinations of the energy storage elements. Where “M” is the maximum number of directly interconnected energy storage elements of a predetermined combination, wherein for M?2 a voltage-limiting element is connected in parallel with each combination and a respective voltage-limiting element is connected in parallel with a first energy storage element connected to the first potential and with an nth energy storage element connected to the second potential. For M>2 a respective voltage-limiting element is connected in parallel with each sub-combination of at least two directly interconnected energy storage elements of the combination having an energy storage element connected to the first potential or to the second potential.

Abstract: A capacitor multiplier including a capacitor, a first voltage follower, a first impedance element, and a second impedance element is provided. The input terminal of the first voltage follower is electrically connected to the first terminal of the capacitor. Wherein, the voltage level of the output terminal of the first voltage follower changes along with the voltage level of the input terminal thereof. The first terminal of the first impedance element is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second impedance element. The second terminal of the first impedance element is electrically connected to the first terminal of the capacitor. The second terminal of the second impedance element is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first voltage follower.

Abstract: A method for controlling a pulse generator is provided. The method includes measuring a switch-on time difference for each cell and controlling the semiconductor switches of each cell for the voltage pulse as a function of the switch-on time difference. The switch-on time difference is measured between a switch-on signal for switching the respective semiconductor switch of the cell to a conducting state and a system response dependent on the switching to the conducting state. A second switch-on signal for each cell is generated in such a time-shifted manner that the system response of each cell occurs simultaneously. The system response is dependent on the switching to the conducting state.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus includes an input terminal to be connected to a DC power supply, a DC-DC converter connected to the input terminal, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, an output terminal, a first switch connected between an output port of the DC-DC converter to charge the first capacitor, a second switch connected between the first capacitor and the output terminal to discharge the first capacitor, a third switch connected between the output port of the DC-DC converter and the second capacitor to charge the second capacitor, a fourth switch connected between the second capacitor and the output terminal to discharge the second capacitor, and a switch controller. The switch controller is operable to charge the first capacitor and the second capacitor alternately charged, discharge the first capacitor and the second capacitor alternately, and prevent the output port of the DC-DC converter from being connected to the first output terminal.

Abstract: Capacitive voltage multiplier for generating voltage pulses, preferably up to 100 V, that are higher than the supply voltage for displays, non-volatile memories and corresponding units especially in small electronic devices, such as handheld telecommunication terminals or corresponding devices, wherein the multiplier comprises a switching capacitor circuit (21) provided with capacitors and switches for charging the capacitors in parallel and discharging them in series in order to deliver a high voltage pulse. The multiplier further comprises a diode chain circuit (22) consisting of a diode-chain and pumping capacitors for delivering high voltage current. The inventive system allows the output high voltage to be switched on and held with little longtime drop and with small switching losses and able to supply a load current without significant ripple. Additionally switching the high voltage on and off does not result in efficiency loss.

Abstract: A microwave generator (11) has a parallel connection of series connections of uncontrolled discharge spark gaps (13) and charge storage means (12) which are charged up by way of charging resistors (17) and an inductor (19) common to all parallel connections, from a high voltage generator (26), until the respective spark gaps (13) short-circuit by way of arcs and the storage means (12) are discharged again by way of the inductor (19). The oscillating short-circuit currents which thus occur in stochastic steep-edged manner and which are superimposed on each other in the inductor (19) are emitted by way of an antenna (21) connected in single-pole manner thereto in the form of a high-energy microwave spectrum which is wide-band in accordance with the arc switching speed, with a spectral key point which is determined by the inductor (19).

Abstract: A method and a circuit for scrambling the current signature of a load including at least one integrated circuit executing digital processings, including the step of, at least on the load ground side, combining a current absorbed by a first linear regulator with a current absorbed by at least one capacitive switched-mode circuit with one or several switched capacitances.

Abstract: A battery powered headworn communication device and a method for conversion of a battery voltage in a battery powered headworn communication device, which includes providing a voltage reduction to a fixed part of the input voltage and providing a variable reduction that ensures that a minimum voltage is maintained. Preferably, the fixed part reduction and the variable reduction are performed in parallel and the fixed voltage conversion is a ? conversion of the input voltage. A fixed voltage conversion and the variable conversion can be balanced according to the actual battery voltage.

Abstract: A solid-state high-voltage pulse generator based on a three-phase chopper capacitance charger is described. In a first phase, an intermediate capacitor is resonance-charged via a diode. In a second phase, the intermediate capacitor is discharged to the load through one or more solid-state switches. In a third phase, the energy remaining in the intermediate capacitor is returned to a power-supply filter capacitor. In one embodiment, the three-phase chopper includes an intermediate capacitor that is charged by first and fourth branches of a bridge and discharged by second and third branches of a bridge. In one embodiment, each branch of the bridge includes a diode in series with an inductor. In one embodiment, a composite solid-state switch connects the intermediate capacitor to a primary winding of an output transformer such that the intermediate capacitor discharges through the primary winding. In one embodiment, a secondary winding of the output transformer is provided to an output load.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a high voltage pulse. A series of voltage cells are connected such that charging capacitors can be charged in parallel and discharged in series. Each cell includes a main switch and a return switch. When the main switches are turned on, the capacitors in the cells are in series and discharge. When the main switches are turned off and the return switches are turned on, the capacitors charge in parallel. One or more of the cells can be inactive without preventing a pulse from being generated. The amplitude, duration, rise time, and fall time can be controlled with the voltage cells. Each voltage cell also includes a balance network to match the stray capacitance seen by each voltage cell.

Abstract: A delay looked loop (DLL) having a charge pump gain independent of the operating frequency of the DLL.

Abstract: A DC/DC converter that is small, light, highly efficient, and inexpensive are provided which includes a DC power supply input section, a first and second capacitor connected in series, and an output section connected to the series connected first and second capacitors, a switching device that switches a plurality of switches which incorporate a configuration for connecting a power supply of the DC power supply input section, to the first capacitor and the second capacitor, and a switching control device that controls ON/OFF switching of the respective switches in the switching device in accordance with an operation mode.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a negative voltage generating circuit for reliably providing the semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) with a negative voltage. An electric charge pumping device generates a negative voltage by pumping an electric charge to a predetermined level supplied to one of a first node and a second node. A controlling device provides first and second pumping clock signal being clocked alternately every predetermined interval in response to a level of the negative voltage. A pumping controller controls an amount of electric charge supplied to the first node and the second node in response to the first and second pumping clock signals. Further, a reset controller resets the first node and the second node of the electric charge pumping means as the level of the negative voltage when the first and second pumping clock signals are inactivated.

Abstract: “A charge pump used for producing at least a first output voltage and a second output voltage according to an input voltage is disclosed. The charge pump includes a pump unit, first to fourth switches, a first output capacitor and a second output capacitor. During a first period, the input voltage and a first voltage, through a first end and a second end of the pump unit respectively, charge at least an internal capacitor. During a second period, the internal capacitor, based on a second voltage level of the first switch and through the second switch, provides the first output capacitor with charges for producing the first output voltage. Finally, during a third period, the internal capacitor, based on a third voltage level of the third switch and through the fourth switch, provides the second output capacitor with charges for producing the second output voltage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a first circuit arrangement (E) for supplying variable loads that can be connected to the first circuit arrangement (E) from a first current or voltage source (MV) in a first state of the first circuit arrangement having the following features: the first circuit arrangement (E) has a first terminal and a second terminal for connection to the first current or voltage source (MV) and a third terminal, at least one fourth terminal and at least one fifth terminal for connection to a second current or voltage source (Z); the second terminal is at a reference potential; the first circuit arrangement (E) has at least one eighth terminal for connection to two loads (R2; R3); the first circuit arrangement (E) has controllable switching means for changing over between the first state and a second state; in the first state, the at least one eighth terminal for connection to the two loads (R2, R3) is connected to the first terminal and the third terminal and the fifth terminal are connected to th

Abstract: A balancing circuit for voltages of a series connection of capacitors, particularly for intermediate circuit capacitors (3) of an inverter, there being at least two intermediate circuit capacitors connected in series over intermediate circuit voltage. The balancing circuit comprises capacitor-specific freely oscillating inverters (4), the input poles of which are connected in parallel with the capacitor corresponding to the inverter and the output poles of which are connected in parallel to provide a voltage source (Va).

Abstract: A voltage controlled variable capacitor, formed of a larger number of fixed capacitor segments and a corresponding number of switching elements, linearly switches on each switching element, one after the other. Several techniques are disclosed to have only a minimum number of switching stages being in the active mode-of-change at any one time with a minimum overlap. The arrangement achieves a nearly linear change of capacitance versus tuning voltage change, while resulting in high Q-factor due to the low RDSon and high RDSoff of the fully switched stages.

Abstract: A switch control circuit (416, 402, 418, 422) and method are provided for transistor-implemented switches (405, 413, 408, 414) of an integrated floating power transfer device (400, 500). The device includes a floating bus (403, 410) driven by a power system which includes a charge pump circuit (419, 408, 414, 420). At least one switch circuit (405, 413) is coupled to the floating bus and the power system for facilitating charging of the floating bus. The switch control circuit (416, 402, 418, 422) includes a level shifting circuit (402) for adjusting a control signal to the at least one switch circuit notwithstanding floating of an input voltage signal thereto to facilitate operation of the switch circuit.

Abstract: A switching arrangement for a high voltage load provides high voltage pulses to the load. The switching arrangement includes switching modules, where n is typically (75). A load capacitance is Cd is required to avoid voltage overshoot at the load and is provided by a capacitance of nCd arranged in parallel with each switch.

Abstract: A charge pump DC/DC converter circuit of the present invention includes: a monitor circuit that detects a potential difference between terminals of a semiconductor switch that turns on during a first period, so as to output a determining signal corresponding to the potential difference; and each of drive circuits that outputs a drive signal to a semiconductor switch that turns on during a first period, in response to the determining signal. The drive signal increases the on-resistance of the semiconductor switch in proportion to the detected potential difference.

Abstract: In trigger/firing arrangement in a Marx generator comprising n stage capacitors—n being a natural number greater than 1-, the same amount of spark gaps and 2(n?1) charging branches, with the spark gaps operating in a self-breakdown mode, the trigger-/firing arrangement comprises at least a pulse transformer connected to an pulse generator in at least one of the charging branches of the Marx-generator, which with the associated stage capacitor bridges a spark gap—except for the output end spark gap—a pulse transformer is disposed, whose output winding operates during charging as a charging winding and whose input winding is connected to the pulse generator in such a way that the voltage pulse generated with this pulse transformer during triggering of the pulse generator is added to the charge voltage of the associated stage capacitor and, with a corresponding polarity, generates an over-voltage sufficient for initiating self-breakdown at this spark gap.

Abstract: A DC—DC converter is provided for converting an input voltage to a first output voltage. The input voltage is input to a first selecting switch, controlled by a first signal, and a second selecting switch. A first capacitor has one end, input by the first signal, and the other end, electrically coupled to the first selecting switch and outputs a first control voltage to control the second selecting switch. A second capacitor has one end, input by a second signal, and the other end, electrically coupled to the second selecting switch and outputs a first storage voltage. The first select switch outputs the first storage voltage as the first output voltage according to the first control voltage. The first or the second signal comes to a first and a second voltage levels by turns and they come to the first or the second level at a different time point.

Abstract: A computer (80) includes a display assembly 10 which uses a backlight power supply 40 to power a fluorescent tube 18 for backlighting purposes. The power supply generates voltages necessary to power the tube 18, generally in the range of 250-450 for steady-state operation, using a bank 41 of switched capacitors 52. The switched capacitors are charged in parallel and switched to a serial configuration to produce the voltage necessary to power the tube 18.

Abstract: A charge pump comprising a charge pump core including output switches. The charge pump core, in response to a drive signal, to generate a charge pump output. A limit swing generator, in response to an input signal, to generate the drive signal to control the charge pump core. The drive signal having voltage levels including a high level and a low level. The limit swing generator including at least one voltage generator to control the voltage levels of the drive signal such that the drive signal tracks a process variable of the output switches. The at least one voltage generator including at least one diode or diode connected device.

Abstract: A pulsed current generator circuit for providing current pulses to a device under test includes a current source for applying a current to the device under test and a controlled current shunt for shunting current from the device under test. A booster circuit is provided for supplying a booster current to the device under test when the controlled current shunt is opened and current again flows through the device under test, thereby facilitating recharge of a parasitic capacitance associated with the device under test.

Abstract: An integrated converter is provided. The integrated converter includes an AC/DC converter electrically connected to a three-phase power supply for converting an alternating current into a first direct current and achieving the object of the power factor correction; and a DC/DC converter electrically connected to the AC/DC converter for converting the first direct current into a second direct current, wherein while the AC power supply is electricity-drop, the controlling switch is turned on by the integrated converter and the integrated converter is switched from an AC/DC working mode to a DC/DC working mode, and while the AC power supply is restored to normal, the controlling switch is turned off by the integrated converter and the integrated converter is switched from said DC/DC working mode to the AC/DC working mode.

Abstract: A voltage multiplier has a first stage that multiplies an input voltage, and a second stage that multiplies the output of the first stage. To that end, the voltage multiplier has the noted first stage having an input to receive the input voltage, and the second stage in series with the first stage. As noted above, the first stage is capable of multiplying the input voltage by a first amount to produce a first stage output voltage. The second stage thus has an input to receive the first stage output voltage. After receipt, the second stage is capable of multiplying the first stage output voltage by a second amount to produce a second stage output voltage.

Abstract: A cascaded charge pump based power supply for use with low voltage dynamic random access memory (DRAM) includes a charge pump and a non-overlapping clock signal generator. The charge pump circuit has two pump cascades coupled in parallel. Each pump cascade includes a plurality of pump stages connected serially between a power supply voltage and an output supply node. Adjacent stages of each cascade are clocked on opposite phases of the system clock signal. The charge pump drives an output supply node on both the rising and falling edge of the system clock signal. A non-overlapping clock signal generator for use with a charge pump has a charge sharing transistor which equalizes the non-overlapping output clock signals through charge sharing during the non-overlap period between subsequent phases of the system clock. The charge pump and capacitors are implemented using p-channel devices and the first stage of each cascade is constructed using thin-oxide devices.

Abstract: An electronic or opto-electronic device or a chemical sensor comprising: an interpenetrating network of a nanostructured high surface area to volume ratio film material and an organic/inorganic material forming a nanocomposite. The high surface area to volume film material is obtained onto an electrode substrate first, such that the nano-scale basic elements comprising this film material are embedded in a void matrix while having electrical connectivity with the electrode substrate. For example, the film material may comprise an array of nano-protrusions electrically connected to the electrode substrate and separated by a void matrix. The interpenetrating network is formed by introducing an appropriate organic/inorganic material into the void volume of the high surface area to volume film material. Further electrode(s) are defined onto the film or intra-void material to achieve a certain device.

Abstract: A voltage boosting circuit, boosting power supply unit and methods thereof are provided. A boosting power supply unit includes a boosting circuit having a small number of externally-mounted capacitors, which generates stepped-up and stepped-down boosted voltages through charging and pumping under two-phase control, so that the simultaneous output of the stepped-up voltage and the stepped-down voltage, the output of only the stepped-up voltage, the output of only the stepped-down voltage, and the cut-off of the output of the stepped-up voltage and the stepped-down voltage can be controlled on the basis of the phase control signal generated from the enable signals of which the logic states are changed in accordance with an amount of load.

Abstract: A data carrier that communicates confidential data is configured to mask process-dependent power consumption by using power stored in an internal capacitor. The capacitor is initially charged to the voltage of an external power source, and then decoupled from the external power source. The capacitor provides power to an internal processor, and consequently discharges gradually. At the end of a given time interval, the capacitor is discharged to a fixed voltage, then charged to the supply voltage. In this manner the power consumed by charging of the capacitor is decoupled from the power consumed by the processor. If the capacitor drops below a threshold voltage before processing is completed, the processor is halted. To optimize the available processing time, the time interval before discharging the capacitor to the fixed voltage is dynamically adjusted to reduce the time that the processor is halted.

Abstract: A charge pump includes a plurality of capacitors that are alternately charged and serially coupled. When serially coupled, the voltage across a given capacitor will equal the voltage at its negative terminal and the voltage across the preceding capacitor.

Abstract: The present invention provides an uniterruptible electric power supply capable of inhibiting an excessively high intensity of inrush electric current at the time of start even when the inrush electric current inhibiting resistor 3 is not used.

Abstract: A capacitor unit with plural double layer capacitors eliminating irregularity in a state of charge of the respective double layer capacitor in the capacitor unit. A capacitor unit, a capacitor unit control method, a capacitor unit control apparatus and a vehicle charging system, wherein a chargeable and dischargeable capacitor unit 1 with plural electronic double layer capacitors 11 connected in series is characterized in that electric double layer capacitors 11 in a higher state of charge is subject to discharge so that a state of charging of the respective electric double layer capacitor 11 may become approximately equal to each other.

Abstract: A system and method to extract a threshold voltage for a MOSFET include first and second stages, which include inputs that receive functionally related input currents, are connected to each other. The first stage includes a second input that is coupled to a corresponding input of the second stage through part of a voltage divider. Another part of the voltage divider is coupled between an internal gate node and the input of the second stage that receives the respective input current. The input of the second stage that receives the respective input current also provides an output voltage substantially equal to the threshold voltage for one or both of the MOSFETs.

Abstract: A power delivery apparatus, system may include a series-connected plurality of energy storage devices, a voltage sensor to sense a supply voltage across a load coupled to a selected one of the plurality of storage devices, and a switch to couple and decouple various ones of the series-connected plurality of energy storage devices from the load when the supply voltage is less than or equal to a reference voltage. An article, including a machine-accessible medium, capable of directing a machine to carry out a method of delivering power may include data which directs the machine to couple each one of a series-connected plurality of energy storage elements to a power source, couple a selected one of the plurality of storage elements to a load, discharge a selected amount of energy from the selected one of the series-connected plurality of storage elements into the load, and decouple the selected one of the series-connected plurality of storage elements from the load.