Abstract: An electric load controller having a modular construction with the logic circuitry located in an enclosure. This circuitry comprises a microprocessor, I/O interface and a memory for storing the computer program to be executed by the microprocessor. The control logic supplies signals via the I/O interface to a set of three modules which switch the three phase electric current to the load. The switch modules each having a separate enclosure containing thyristors which apply the electricity to the load in response to control logic signals. The switch modules are mounted on a heat sink and the logic circuit enclosure is mounted on the switch modules. A protection circuit module may be included that provides a metal oxide varistor and a capacitor connected across each phase of the electric power.

Abstract: Portable power supply carrier comprises an internally wired belt to be worn around a user's waist, the belt having pairs of electrical connectors spaced along its length for operatively engaging a plurality of battery holders which are removably supported on the belt. In its simplest form, the power supply carrier uses conventional batteries to provide a single preselected DC voltage through the belt's wiring to a power output jack; other more complex forms of the carrier may include a converter to supply a choice of DC and AC voltages either to multiple power outlets or to a voltage selector switch controlling a single output jack. An input terminal for reenergizing rechargeable batteries while connected to the power belt carrier also may be included.

Abstract: A housing for a command system for cranes, derricks or the like, includes an inner enclosure disposed within an outer enclosure with insulating spaces therebetween. Both the inner and outer enclosures are made of an insulating material. The inner enclosure includes compartments which receive modules in a drawer-like manner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a starter circuit case assembly having a starter section and a cap assembly. The starter section includes a starter circuit mounted on a circuit board and is securely engaged by the cap assembly. The cap assembly is mounted to and electrically connected to the light fixture.

Abstract: The controlled switching array comprises four commutator components and four associated signal distributors. Each signal distributor has an input side to which an input signal is applied which, in turn, is fed to a respective input on the input sides of the commutator components. The commutator components are symmetrically arranged on both sides of a printed circuit board. There thus results a favorable decoupling of signal lines from each other as well as from the output side.

Abstract: A Femto Diode responsive to light frequencies, is described. Quantum principles are utilized. The Femto Diode comprises a submicron metal cylinder with an assymetric metal-insulator-metal tunnel junction at one end and a reflecting potential step at the other end. A light photon having a quanta of energy is absorbed by an electron in the cylinder producing an energetic electron. The cylinder acts as a potential well for the energetic electron, which travels back and forth in its own conduction band without loss of energy until it passes through the junction. The kinetic energy of the energetic electron is converted to electric energy at a greater voltage on the other side of the junction. The energy conversion is reversible.The Femto Diode may be used in light to electric power conversion, a laser which converts electric power to light power, 2D and 3D displays, high speed computers, communications and other devices.

Abstract: A control device includes an electrically contactless depluggable logic module such as a computer that is used to interface between a power supply and input and output elements to process a system of control signals. There are no electrical connections to the logic module. This eliminates electromagnetic interference and conducted line interference. The power supply is magnetically coupled to the logic module. Information and control signals are optically coupled to the logic module. It is a free standing, environnmentally immune unit, electrically isolated from the outside world.

Abstract: An auxiliary connector circuit is used within an electronic system (10) which comprises a plurality of removable circuit cards (14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26) which are mounted within a cabinet (12). Before the circuit card (16) is removed from the cabinet (12), a power cable (44) is connected by means of engaging a plug (46) to a socket (34). When this occurs a DATA OUT ENABLE signal at a line (65) drives three-state devices (86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98 and 100) to a high impedance state to isolate a memory array (78) from a data bus (102). This high impedance prevents any transients from being transmitted through the data bus (102) when the card (16) is removed from the cabinet (12). After the card (16) is removed from the cabinet (12), the power cable (44) can be disconnected from the card (16) or the card (16) can be tested to evaluate the components mounted on the card (16).

Abstract: Electronic system grounding includes two system grounding paths for card cage electronic modules, with a first grounding path through the card cage and a second grounding path through the system power supply. The two system grounding paths are used to minimize noise and reduce unwanted induced superimposed transient voltage levels.

Abstract: A multi-function circuit controller provides auxiliary control functions for an existing single-pole, single-throw toggle switch by counting the number of changes of state of the switch that occur within predesignated delay periods from one state change to the next. An encoder responsive to a sequencer counter develops control functions such as dimming and timing functions which attenuate the power delivered to the load and regulate the on-off time of the load. The invention may be used in conjunction with a household lighting circuit to provide these functions for an existing wall-mounted switch, thereby providing dimmer and programmable timing for the lighting normally controlled by the switch.

Abstract: A contactless electrical switch includes a switch element comprising a piezo-resistive transducer (25). Coded toothed cams (16) operated via a shaft (14) deflect the transducer (25) causing corresponding changes in stress and hence resistance. The output of the transducer is amplified and fed to logic circuitry which determines a corresponding current path.

Abstract: In a building electrical network including a power circuit constituted by several loops connected to sockets, lamps 35, 36, 37 and/or other electrically-operated apparatus, and a low-voltage circuit constituted by several loops connected to control means or sensors 38, 39, 40, 41 for controlling the loops of the power circuit, each loop of the low-voltage circuit and the corresponding loop of the power circuit are interconnected through a removable switching module 16 located in a centralized switching block 5. The low-voltage loops are not directly connected to terminals 12, 14 of the switching block, but are connected to terminals 45, 47 of a terminal strip 6, jumpers 46 establishing the connection between the terminals of the terminal strip(s) 6 and the terminals 12, 14 of the switching block 5. The plug-in switching modules 16 include an electronic relay member 21 (e.g.

Abstract: A signal bypass apparatus for a power line distribution switch incorporates two portions that are electrically connected together in parallel with a power line switch. Each portion comprises a transformer that is connected electrically in parallel with an inductor. A capacitor is connected between the transformer and the inductor of each portion and the assembly is connected between one side of a power line distribution switch and ground. The other portion of the bypass apparatus is similarly configured and connected between the other side of the power line distribution switch and ground. In one embodiment, the bypass apparatus is electrically connected to a transceiver.

Abstract: A modular power system for use with a digital computer is disclosed. The following major components of the power system are mounted in a convenient removable module, with at least one module for each required power output level: a pass transistor, a power transformer, a rectifier/filter, and a feedback circuit which controls the pulse width of the pass transistor. The modules contain air channels surrounding the pass transistor, for introducing cooling air via an air duct (manifold), so that the pass transistor is efficiently cooled. The need for potentiometers is abrogated by using a precision voltage reference in the feedback circuit to derive output voltages. The modules can also be used in a battery backed-up power system, in which a power system controller monitors and controls the inputs and outputs of the modules and other major components in the system in the case of line power failure.

Abstract: A control device includes an electrically contactless depluggable logic module such as a computer that is used to interface between a power supply and input and output elements to process a system of control signals. There are no electrical connections to the logic module. This eliminates electromagnetic interference and conducted line interference. The power supply is magnetically coupled to the logic module. Information and control signals are optically coupled to the logic module. It is a free standing, environmentally immune unit, electrically isolated from the outside world.

Abstract: An apparatus for assisting in the electrical connection and disconnection of a circuit board with an energized circuit having a power supply, a power connection electrically connected to the power supply and having a board connector for electrical connection to a circuit board to be inserted into or removed from an energized circuit, and a control circuit for controlling the power supply means. The control circuit controls the pre-charging of a circuit board to a selected voltage level prior to its insertion into a circuit, and maintains a selected voltage level on a circuit board during its removal from an energized circuit.

Abstract: A driver circuit for applying a first signal having a desired wave form, frequency and peak to peak voltage to a coaxial transmission line which also has applied to it a second signal having a substantially higher frequency. An operational amplifier has the first signal applied to its noninverting input terminal. The output of the operational amplifier is applied across the primary winding of a driver coupling transformer through an inductor which provides high impedance to the second signal. The voltages induced in the secondary winding of the driver transformer are applied to the transmission line. The primary winding of a feedback transformer is connected in parallel with the secondary winding of the driver transformer. The voltage induced in the secondary winding in the feedback transformer are applied by a feedback circuit including an R.C. filter to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier. The signal applied to the inverting input terminal includes both an A.C. component and a D.C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a mobile substation wherein constituent equipment of a substation are made movable by carrying them on a chassis of said mobile substation, and in a predetermined site, the substation is connected from a first terminal to a receiving line and from a second terminal to a feeder line wherein a pair of supporting devices is provided each of which has its one end turnably coupled with the chassis, and which can support the receiving line and the feeder line with their other ends corresponding to the respective terminals, when they are fixed to the chassis at predetermined positions.

Abstract: A terminal apparatus and a batch inserting type test plug for a horizontal type case drawer protective relay allows for easy measuring and testing of a plurality of poles. The terminal apparatus has an inspection window on a front surface of upper and lower terminal boards which allows visual observation of a short bar, a stopping board, and a triangular contact on an end of a contact piece in the terminal apparatus which allows one to visually inspect a short-circuit state of a current transformer secondary side of the terminal apparatus. The test plug has a plurality of electrode plates with conduction plates thereon, the electrode plates being arranged in a line so that a width line of the electrode plates interconnecting the conduction plates is perpendicular to the line of the electrode plates so that a length of the test plug handle is compact. Also, a plurality of terminal knobs are arranged in a zigzag pattern so that an arrangement order of the electrode plates can easily be determined visually.

Abstract: Said circuit includes a generator (7) at ground potential and delivering power at a high-frequency which is transmitted to the electronic apparatus (2) to be powered via two high-frequency transformers (10, 8) one of which is at ground potential and the other of which is at the potential of the electronic apparatus (2). Said transformers are galvanically isolated from each other by two capacitors (4 and 9).

Abstract: A printed-circuit board designed to energize a multiplicity of integrated chips or other modular units comprises on a first face two closely spaced main conductor strips, respectively connected to an ungrounded and a grounded terminal of a d-c source, extending along an edge thereof, together with a number of ancillary ground conductors paralleling these strips at substantially equispaced locations. The second face carries a multiplicity of branch lines perpendicular to the strips, each line consisting of two closely spaced leads respectively joined to the ungrounded strip and to the main and ancillary ground conductors through connectors traversing the board. The leads of each branch line are bridged by several storage capacitors and are so spaced apart and dimensioned as to provide a line inductance low enough to make the resonance frequency of the line substantially higher than the operating frequency of the associated loads.

Abstract: A variable reluctance electric motor system including a variable reluctance motor having main windings (A,B,C,D) and auxiliary windings closely coupled to the main windings, a main storage battery for driving the motor terminals (10,11) (that will be referred to as DC supply terminals), and a power converter circuit (FIG. 2) for charging the battery from the DC supply, in which the motor is included in the power converter circuit to function as an isolating transformer to isolate the battery from the supply when on charge.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for coupling electrically isolated circuits in a monolithic integrated circuit. A signal coupler is integrated on a chip together with a primary circuit and a secondary circuit which is to be coupled to the primary circuit. The signal coupler comprises an integrated coupling capacitor which consists of a coplanar conductor path arrangement embedded into a passivation layer, the passivation layer being applied to an insulating substrate, preferably sapphire.

Abstract: A pair of toroidally wound cores are maintained in a generally parallel, vertical, spaced apart relationship by a tubular insulating member passing through the toroid centers. The tubular member insulates the windings from a coupling loop which passes through the tube and which closes outside the toroidal windings. One winding is the primary of the isolation circuit, connecting the source of signals through a FET device to ground, and the other winding is secondary winding, which is also connected to ground through a FET, and which is coupled to a utilization device through a low pass filter. The FET devices are synchronously pulsed at a frequency above the signal frequency and the filter pass band.

Abstract: A system for beaming solar energy from space to an earth location and putting it to useful work either as heat or light energy, or by converting it into some other form of energy such as steam or electrical power. In the system illustrated, a receiver satellite is in polar orbit and a relay satellite is in equatorial orbit, rotating with the earth and therefore stationary with respect to earth location. Solar energy is collected by the receiver satellite through an array of parabolic collectors and focused by a series of mirrors onto a coherent radiation energy generator, preferably a laser beam generator. The laser beam is directed by a mirror to another mirror on the relay satellite which redirects it to a selected earth location. Alternatively, the relay satellite may convert the laser beam to a maser beam to better penetrate clouds, smoke and haze at the earth location.

Abstract: An improved signal isolator including two nonlinear circuits having nonlinear voltage-to-current characteristics, in which an input network is formed by connecting one of the nonlinear circuits in series with the primary winding of a transformer, and an output network is formed by connecting the other nonlinear circuit and an averaging circuit in series with the secondary winding of the transformer. A pulse signal is applied to the input network, the output network or the tertiary winding of the transformer to develop an output signal corresponding to the input signal while the input network and the output network are isolated from each other with respect to direct current.

Abstract: In the exemplary disclosure, a signal transmitter and a signal processing part, which are interconnectable in the signal path by means of a contact plug, have a galvanically separative coupling location in the signal path with primary and secondary coupling members. The object is to design a plug-in connection that demonstrates a particularly good insulation effect. This is achieved in that of any given two inter-associated primary and secondary coupling members one of the two coupling members is disposed in the contact plug part on the side of the signal processing part and the other is disposed in the corresponding plug-in contact part of the signal transmitter so that upon establishment of the plug contact between the signal transmitter and the signal processing part the coupling members join together in spatial proximity as primary and secondary coupling members to form a coupling location.

Abstract: An arrangement for installing electronic counters in a petrol pump comprising a pressure-tight casing for accommodating the counters, means for providing an excess air pressure in the interior of the casing and a pressure-controlled switch inside the casing for interrupting the current supply to the counters when the pressure falls below a specific level.

Abstract: Loading of induction motors is monitored and displayed by meters or alarms by analyzing slip of the armature derived from pulse signals indicating motor shaft speed. A special sensor sensing the motor shaft rotation also provides motor operating temperature signals accompanying shaft rotation speed signals. Corresponding circuitry compensates the load display over motor temperature variations. Also, the motor operating voltage is detected and voltage variations are processed to modify the load display for improved accuracy in the presence of voltage variations and by linearization of the slip characteristic.

Abstract: Dental apparatus having a plurality of dental instruments, holders for the instruments, signal transmitters each operable to transmit an extraction signal when an instrument is extracted from its holder, and a logic-actuation circuit for each instrument connected to a respective signal transmitter and to all the other logic-actuation circuits. Each actuation circuit can generate an actuation signal for its associated instrument, and a blocking signal for supply to the other actuation circuits, when an extraction signal is transmitted and when no blocking signal is supplied by any of the other actuation circuits. A single connecting line interconnects the actuation circuits to transmit blocking signals therebetween, and logic identification circuits associated with the actuation circuits are each connected to the connecting line and to an input and to an output of the associated actuation circuit.

Abstract: A modular-type integrated circuit burn-in apparatus including a power supply for developing integrated circuit biasing potentials, an oven and a plurality of modules each having a plug-in pattern generator for generating integrated circuit exercising signals of a type programmed by a first plug-in header, a plurality of driver cards for fault monitoring and for developing amplified exercising signals on output pins programmed by a second plug-in header, a plurality of socket cards carrying the integrated circuits to be burned-in, and with said modules being removably disposed in a rear wall of the oven having connectors on the outside of the oven for receiving the pattern generator and the driver cards, and connectors on the inside of the oven for receiving the socket cards, the modules being operative to couple the power from the power supply to the pattern generator and the driver cards, the exercising signals from the pattern generator to the driver cards, and the amplified exercising signals and power fro

Abstract: Energy is transferred between first and second terminals by opening and closing a first current path between the first terminal and ground while concurrently operating a second current path in complementary fashion. The second current path connects in one embodiment between the two terminals and in another embodiment between the second terminal and ground. In both embodiments an inductor is common to the two paths and the duty cycle (time a path is closed per period) is controllable, for example, as a function of the voltage at at least one of the terminals.

Abstract: A high voltage signal coupler couples carrier communication signals between a distribution network primary conductor and communication elements located at spaced intervals on the distribution network. A single bushing, high frequency, coupling capacitor communicates the carrier communication signals between one of the distribution network primary conductors and a conductor which is at ground or real earth potential with respect to power current frequencies. A parallel resonant circuit, formed by a tuning capacitor and a hollow core of magnetic material inductively surrounding the power frequency ground conductor, couples the carrier communication signals to the communication elements connected thereto at a predetermined frequency without interfering with the operation of the ground conductor at the frequency of the power current.

Abstract: A high voltage DC power supply including a high voltage transformer having output bushings extending from the transformer housing, and a rectifier unit mounted between the high voltage bushings. The rectifier unit is housed in an electrically nonconducting tank which contains a rectifier assembly immersed in an insulating liquid. The power supply has a common high voltage clearance space for both the transformer bushings and the rectifier unit.

Abstract: The charging circuit is for charging an auxiliary battery of a vehicle which is driven by an electric motor supplied with current by a main battery through a supply circuit comprising a device for chopping the battery voltage during the vehicle starting and braking stages. This charging circuit comprises a transformer whose primary winding is inserted in the aforementioned supply circuit of the motor and supplied with current by the chopper device. The secondary winding of the transformer is connected to supply current to the auxiliary battery through a rectifier device.

Abstract: A cordless electrical appliance is provided with an adapter unit and the two of them can be rested upon a base unit. The base unit has contacts connected to a supply voltage, and includes an appliance-current path with appliance-current-path contacts, and an auxiliary-current path with auxiliary-current-path contacts. The base unit includes a step-down transformer whose primary is connected across the voltage-supply contacts and whose secondary is connected in the auxiliary current path. The auxiliary current path includes a relay winding which controls a relay switch in the appliance-current path. Both the adapter unit and the base unit are provided with grounding devices. The adapter unit is likewise provided with appliance-current-path contacts.

Abstract: A safety circuit arrangement, especially for transportation systems such as elevators, comprising at least one switching circuit equipped with two digital logical elements, each arranged in a separate information channel and connected at its input side with anti-valent signal generating information transmitters and at its output side with a monitoring circuit monitoring the anti-valence of the output signals. A control line for switching-off the installation in the presence of equivalence. A logical element of the monitoring circuit which is connected at its output side with the control line exclusively comprises diodes and input side logical elements of such monitoring circuit and the monitored digital logical elements are connected with a testing circuit which, upon placing into operation the elevator, applies a test signal simulating a defect in succession to both monitored digital logical elements.

Abstract: Power for electronic instrumentation on high voltage transmission lines is provided through a high efficiency cascade of ferrite core transformers operating in the superaudio range. An array of tuning capacitors is provided to neutralize the leakage inductance in each transformer primary and thus present a resistive input impedance throughout the cascade. Unequal turns ratios in the transformers may also be utilized to provide constant resistance, and therefore nearly constant voltage and current along the cascade.The transformers in a voltage grading network are optimally enclosed within a cylindrical insulator and a dielectric medium, for example, oil or SF.sub.6.

Abstract: A distribution network power line communication system which includes coupling means for applying a carrier current communication signal to the polyphase primary distribution conductors with a proportional relationship between the signal voltages applied to the various conductors selected to provide a predetermined propagation mode. Impedance elements are connected between the conductors at selected points remote from the coupling point, such as at the location of unbalanced loads, line taps, branches, capacitor banks, distribution transformers, and other line discontinuities which may cause mode conversion. The impedance elements are selected and connected to re-establish the predetermined propagation mode.

Abstract: The circuit arrangement includes a transformer having a primary side included in at least one phase conductor of a polyphase supply for the load. A control circuit is connected to the secondary side of the transformer and includes a threshold circuit receiving a control signal from the transformer, a memory circuit receiving a threshold signal from the threshold circuit, a bistable switch connected to the threshold circuit and the memory circuit and switched, by the threshold signal, to a position preventing the stored signal from being passed on from said memory circuit, and a controlled electronic switch inserted in the phase conductor and controlled and opened by the stored signal. A resetting switch is operable to reset the control circuit to the initial state, and a delay device may be interposed between the memory circuit and the controlled electronic switch to delay opening of the latter until after a subsequent operation of the repetition-blocking device.

Abstract: A plurality of logic boards coupled together over a common electrical bus by use of a plurality of connectors, at least one per board, which includes at least one pair of terminals for coupling an interlock signal wire which is daisy chained through each of such boards and connectors. By providing a known signal state on the interlock signal wire at one end of the bus, an improper connection or an error condition in one of the logic boards will be indicated by a sensor, which may be included at the last logic board, if the known signal state is not received at the sensor.

Abstract: A system utilizing ionization produced by beams from laser and laser-like devices to pre-determine the course of stepped leader and lightning channel development, thereby affording protection of life and property. The applications of such a capacity to harmlessly discharge thunderclouds include forest fire prevention, protection of aircraft, protection of missiles and spacecraft (particularly at time of launch), protection of electric power transmission and distribution networks, protection of communication networks, and (to the extent that Vonnegut's electrical theory of tornadoes may be valid) reduction of the destructive force of tornadoes.

Abstract: Carrier current signals are impressed to and detected from grounding conductors connected to the power system and to real earth ground. The communication links provided by the grounded neutral conductors of the power system and by the real earth ground return path transmit the carrier communication signals between a substation communication terminal and remote communication terminals at the premises of utility company customers. The communication signals are coupled to the ground conductors by transformer-type couplers in which the grounding conductor constitutes one winding of the transformer.

Abstract: An interval timer for use in traffic control, industrial process control, or other interval timing applications includes a gated pulse generator.

Abstract: A well choke control apparatus comprising means for producing a first electrical signal indicative of a required position of the choke and means for deriving a second electrical signal indicative of the actual position of the choke. A comparator is arranged to be fed with the first and second electrical signals and to control actuation of the choke in the required direction to equalize said electrical signals. A number of override control arrangements may be provided to ensure that the choke is not opened or closed beyond predetermined safe limits and the main control comparator is self checking.

Abstract: An electron-bombarded semiconductor (EBS) source including plural EBS diodes connected in series at the fundamental radio frequency operating range delivers power to a load. A single voltage supply is provided and radio frequency isolation means is connected between the series connected diodes and said supply to effectively connect the diodes in parallel with respect to said supply voltage and current.

Abstract: Disclosed is an alternating current transmission, comprising two lines wherein homogeneous phases of different lines are separated from each other by a minimum distance permissible for interphase overvoltages. Installed at the terminals of each of the lines are phase control units varying an angle of phase shift between the voltages of the drawn together phases of the lines. Arranged between homogeneous phases of the different lines, are capacitor banks whereas reactors are installed between the heterogeneous phases of the different lines. The electric current transmission is provided with braking resistors permitting to raise the stability of operation of the generators.

Abstract: A measuring transformer arrangement with a capacitor bushing and devices for measuring voltage and current associated with the capacitor bushing is suitable for use in a high-voltage installation with metal encapsulation carrying several high-voltage conductors. The capacitor bushing provided for each high-voltage conductor is arranged in a bulkhead partition of the metal encapsulation and carries a current measuring device which includes at the periphery of the bushing at least one current transformer core with a secondary winding system mounted thereon.

Abstract: A polyphase rectifier system which provides two output current-voltage ranges upon the system direct current output circuitry. Each phase of a polyphase potential source is rectified by a respective rectifier circuit having the alternating current input circuit thereof electrically connected to the output electrical coil of the corresponding phase of the polyphase potential source and the direct current output circuit thereof connected in parallel with the direct current output circuit of all of the other rectifier circuits. An electrical switching means operable to the electrical circuit open and closed conditions is provided for electrically interconnecting one terminal end of all of the output electrical coils of the polyphase potential source when operated to the electrical circuit closed condition.

Abstract: In the exemplary disclosure, a signal transmitter and a signal processing part, which are interconnectable in the signal path by means of a contact plug, have a galvanically separative coupling location in the signal path with primary and secondary coupling members. The object is to design a plug-in connection that demonstrates a particularly good insulation effect. This is achieved in that of any given two inter-associated primary and secondary coupling members one of the two coupling members is disposed in the contact plug part on the side of the signal processing part and the other is disposed in the corresponding plug-in contact part of the signal transmitter so that upon establishment of the plug contact between the signal transmitter and the signal processing part the coupling members join together in spatial proximity as primary and secondary coupling members to form a coupling location.