Abstract: The rotor for an electrical machine with a non-through shaft intended to drive a transmission line comprises two half-shafts enclosing a cylindrical magnetic mass. The magnetic mass comprises at least two adjacent identical cells, the cells being configured to prevent the propagation of metadamping in the rotor over a range of excitation frequencies of the transmission line, the rotation frequency range of the transmission line being hypercritical.

Abstract: Electrical systems for connecting rotary electric machines with gas turbine spools are provided. One such electrical system includes: a first rotary electric machine; a second rotary electric machine; a first set of bidirectional converter circuits; a second set of bidirectional converter circuits; and DC outputs for connection with an R-channel network. Each electrical machine is mechanically coupled with a respective gas turbine spool and has an identical even number N?4 of phases, each phase having a respective index and including an identical number P?1 of coils wound in a P-plex configuration in which adjacent phases are radially separated by 2?/NP mechanical radians. Each of the first and second converter circuits converts AC to and from DC, has a respective index n, and is connected with the P coils in the nth phase of the first and second rotary electric machines, respectively.

Abstract: Flywheel based electrical energy management system and device. The device will often comprise at least one shaft mounted flywheel, each flywheel comprising a flywheel mass that contains a plurality of permanent magnets. The flywheel spins within at least one stator comprising a plurality of magnetic pickup coils configured so that the flywheel mass can rotate freely within the stator. The flywheel may be placed in a vacuum chamber and be supported by magnetic bearings. The flywheel shaft(s) are typically connected to one or more axial mounted motor generators, and the system further typically comprises a storage battery and control processor. The system handles a variety of different and not always stable input power sources, and converts this to continuous, efficient and stable electrical power. The system can handle a variety of clients, such as buildings, electric vehicles, and the like, and can operate under a variety of challenging conditions.

Abstract: The present application relates to a rotor, an assembly method and a replacement method for integrated magnetic pole modules of rotor, and a generator. The rotor includes: a rotor yoke having a mounting surface and an outer peripheral surface which are opposite to each other in a radial direction; multiple beads, which are distributed and spaced apart on the mounting surface along a circumferential direction of the rotor yoke, in which a radial distance between each bead and the mounting surface is adjustable; multiple integrated magnetic pole modules, each of which is detachably connected between two adjacent beads, and includes a carrier plate and multiple permanent magnets arranged on the carrier plate; and multiple fixing members, in which each of the beads is mounted to the mounting surface by the fixing members, and each of the fixing members has an operation portion that can protrude from the outer peripheral surface.

Abstract: The present invention may provide a motor including a stator, a rotor disposed inside the stator, and a shaft coupled to the rotor, wherein the rotor includes a rotor core disposed outside the shaft, a magnet disposed outside the rotor core, and a molding part which molds the rotor core and the magnet, and the molding part includes an upper part disposed on an upper surface of the magnet, a lower part disposed on a lower surface of the magnet, a lateral part disposed on a side surface of the magnet, and a protrusion part which protrudes from the lateral part in an axial direction of the shaft.

Abstract: A motor has a two rotors which are independently operated using a single inverter and without being supplied with a complex current. Further the motor is capable of shifting a rotation direction of each of two rotors by performing a magnetizing operation one time and reversing polarities of the shifting magnets when a mode of the motor is shifted from a synchronous mode in which the first rotor and the second rotor rotate in the same direction to a counter mode in which the first rotor and the second rotor rotate in opposite directions, and shifting the mode of the motor to the counter mode while the magnetizing operation is performed one time times and relative positions of the first rotor and the second rotor are changed when the first rotor and the second rotor inertially rotate in the synchronous mode.

Abstract: An electric circuit for use in the control and drive of at least one electric motor, the circuit comprises a first lane comprising a first set of motor windings that are driven by a motor drive bridge that comprises a network of drive stage switches that selectively connect each phase of the lane to either a first supply voltage or a first supply ground, and further comprising a control circuit that controls the switches of the drive stage, the control circuit being powered by an isolated first lane power supply that has a first floating ground, and a second lane comprising a second set of motor windings that are driven by a motor drive bridge that comprises a network of drive stage switches that selectively connect each phase of the lane to either a supply voltage or a supply ground, and further comprising a control circuit that controls the switches of the drive stage, the control circuit being powered by an isolated second lane power supply that has a second floating ground.

Abstract: According to an electric motor, a cooling hole is formed outside of a circular arc-like region having an intersection between extension lines from inner side surfaces of adjacent permanent magnets as a center of the circular arc-like region and a distance between the intersection and an intermediate point on the side surface of the permanent magnet as a radius of the circular arc-like region. Thus, heat generation by a magnetic resistance due to the cooling hole is suppressed to improve efficiency.

Abstract: In general, in one aspect, a multi-content composition pipeline encrypts protected video streams that may be utilized as part of a composite window using different encryption keys so that each encrypted video stream has a unique security domain. The protected video streams may be received as encrypted and compressed video streams that are decrypted and decoded (decompressed) and then the decompressed video streams may be encrypted. The encryption keys used to encrypt the decompressed video stream may be related to the encryption keys used to decrypt the corresponding encrypted compressed video stream. The encrypted decompressed video streams are stored in memory until they are needed for generating the composite window at which point they are read from memory and decrypted. The composite window is generated from the decrypted uncompressed video streams and possibly other content in real time and thus is not stored in memory prior to transmission to a display.

Abstract: A synchronous motor drive system improves the design flexibility regarding torque characteristics as compared with conventionally available design flexibility. A synchronous motor has a rotor and a stator. Each of at least two adjacent stator teeth has a slit formed at the tip thereof. Each of a plurality of stator teeth has a main coil wound therearound in concentrated winding. Between each two adjacent teeth having a slit, a sub-coil is wound around in a manner of being accommodated in the respective slits. The drive device separately controls electric current supplied to the main coils and electric current supplied to the sub-coil.

Abstract: Alternating current electric induction motor, in particular a motor (12-22) which is fed by a frequency variator, comprising a casing (4) which supports a rotor (9) by means of roller bearings (8) and which supports a stator (13) with a coaxial ring-shaped core (16) made of a magnetic material, characterized in that the stator (13) is provided with an auxiliary closed loop toroidal winding (20).

Abstract: A reluctance motor has: a stator provided with drive coils to which multiphase drive currents are inputted; and a rotor provided with a plurality of salient poles which receive primary rotating force when magnetic fluxes generated in the drive coils are interlinked with the rotor, and the rotor has: inductor pole coils which are placed on magnetic paths on which spatial harmonic components superimposed on the magnetic fluxes generated in the drive coils are interlinked with the rotor side so that induced currents can be generated in the inductor pole coils due to the spatial harmonic components of the magnetic fluxes; rectifier elements which rectify the induced currents generated in the inductor pole coils; and electromagnet coils as defined herein, and the inductor pole coils and the electromagnet coils do not serve for each other's purposes but are placed on the rotor individually.

Abstract: A rotor of superconducting rotating machines according to the present invention comprises: a yoke provided with receiving sections which are consecutively formed on the outer peripheral surface thereof; bobbins received in each of the receiving sections of the yoke; and a superconducting coil coupled with the bobbins, wherein interval-maintaining members are formed of high tenacity fibers and coupled between the yoke and the bobbins such that the bobbins are supported at an interval from the inner surfaces of the receiving sections to the bottom surfaces thereof.

Abstract: A motor assembly comprises an electric motor and a motor controller. The motor includes a stator; a rotor; a main winding; a first auxiliary winding; a second auxiliary winding; a capacitor; a first tap point between the main winding and the first auxiliary winding; and a second tap point between the first and second auxiliary windings. The motor controller may energize the first tap point so that the first and second auxiliary windings are in series with the capacitor and the first and second auxiliary windings and the capacitor are in parallel with the main winding to provide a relatively higher motor speed or may energize the second tap point so that only the second auxiliary winding is in series with the capacitor and the second auxiliary winding and the capacitor are in parallel with the main winding to provide a relatively lower motor speed.

Abstract: A rotary electric apparatus having a stator and a rotor is provided. The rotor includes a rotor core provided with slots extending in an axial direction of the rotor core, and rotor bars arranged in the slots, respectively. The slot and the rotor bar include, in a transverse cross section which is cut perpendicular to a rotation shaft of the rotor, a plurality of convex portions or a plurality of concave portions in at least one of both end faces in a circumferential direction, respectively. The rotor core may further include an outer edge portion extending in the circumferential direction so that it exposes a radially outer portion of the slot and covers the rest.

Abstract: A generator, such as for a gas turbine engine, includes an integrated auto transformer unit having secondary windings connected to a main windings.

Abstract: The invention relates to a joint between a copper short-circuiting ring (1) and a copper bar (2) of the damper winding in a permanent magnet synchronous machine, wherein the end of the bar is jointed to a hole (9) disposed in the short-circuiting ring by welding them together at the mating surfaces. Further, the invention relates to a corresponding method. According to the invention the short-circuiting ring (1) includes a blocking structure for limiting the heat flux from being conducted further into the short-circuiting ring from the weld between the short-circuiting ring and the bar.

Abstract: This brushless DC motor (1) is provided with a stator (3) having a main body (312, 322) disposed on both ends thereof in the rotational axis direction with a single exciting coil (2) disposed between the main bodies (312, 322), and with a rotor (4) disposed in the interior of the stator (3), wherein main body (312) is formed with a first magnetic core (31) and main body (322) is formed with a second magnetic core (32), the magnetic cores (31, 32) functioning as a magnetic pole and having protrusions (311, 321), the quantity of which being different for each magnetic core (31, 32). The brushless DC motor (1) uses, as the driving force, the variation in the magnetic resistance between the stator (3) and the rotor (4) in relation to the flow of the magnetic flux generated in the periphery of the exciting coil (2).

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrical drive having a motor with a rotor and a stationary stator, which has a coil arrangement, and having a motor controller for controlling the motor, with the motor controller being configured to pass current through the coil arrangement in order to produce an excitation field, with the coil arrangement having a plurality of coil winding sections, and with each coil winding section having a plurality of coil sections, wherein the polarity of at least one coil section of the plurality of coil sections of each coil winding section can be selectively reversed with respect to the other coil sections of the coil winding section. The drive is particularly suitable for use for an electrical tool.

Abstract: A stator for an electric rotating machine is provided which is equipped with a stator coil. The stator coil has a plurality of in-slot portions arrayed within each of slots formed in a stator core in a radial direction of the stator core. Adjacent two of the in-slot portions disposed in each of the slots have radially-facing surfaces which extend in non-parallel to one another at least one of ends of the in-slot portions. The non-parallel orientation of the radially-facing surfaces avoids close contact between entire areas thereof when the in-slot portions move undesirably within the slot in the radial direction of the stator core. In other words, a gap is kept between the radially-facing surfaces and serves as a radiator to dissipate heat, as generated in the in-slot portions.

Abstract: A generator, such as for a gas turbine engine, includes an integrated auto transformer unit having secondary windings connected to a main windings.

Abstract: A plurality of shaped wires, which are obtained by shaping electric wires, are assembled to form a wire assembly 47. The wire assembly 47 is then rolled around a core member 6 with aligning members 7 being inserted into spaces 472 formed between adjacent ones of straight superposed parts 471 of the wire assembly 47.

Abstract: A fan assembly includes a stator and a rotor. The stator is located in a fan frame and includes a base, at least one magnetizing winding provided on the base at a first relative position relative to a center of the base, and at least one magnetic conductive element provided on the base at a second relative position relative to the center of the base. The rotor is fixedly mounted in a fan hub, and has at least one positive pole and at least one negative pole, which are alternately arranged to constitute a magnetic induction face. The fan hub is rotatably connected to the fan frame via a shaft with the magnetic induction face facing toward the magnetizing winding and the magnetic conductive element on the base. With the above arrangements, the fan can have a largely reduced axial height for use in a limited space.

Abstract: A method, system, and apparatus including an electric machine having a plurality of rotor bars and a first coupling component configured to electrically couple the plurality of rotor bars together. Each rotor bar of the plurality of rotor bars includes a first metallic material having a first electrical resistivity and a second metallic material cast about the first material, where the second metallic material has a second electrical resistivity greater than the first electrical resistivity. The first metallic material has a first end and a second end opposite the first end and the first coupling component is coupled to the first end of the first metallic material.

Abstract: The invention concerns the electric asynchronous engines including a rotor as a flat disc, and a stator, which is coaxial to the rotor, and is installed with a working backlash relative to the rotor's disk. The stator includes three laminated packages of cores with phase coils, which are situated around the shaft of the motor under 120° angle, one in relation to other. The cores' packages are enclosed between the first and the second flat base plates, which are executed from nonconductive material, and the planes of the base plates are perpendicular to the axis of the shaft. The cores are executed as rectilinear laminated packages, and their axes are parallel to the shaft's axis. The second base plate is identical to the first one, and the butt-ends of the other side of the cores' packages are fixed in it. The invention is presented in three variants, where different fulfillments of the motor are shown: with a sectioned stator, with a sectioned rotor or with the stator and the rotor both sectioned.

Abstract: A permanent magnet comprises a primary winding, a secondary winding, a permanent magnet, an output terminal for connection to an external load, and a switching mechanism with two modes. In a first mode of the switching mechanism, the primary winding is connected between neutral and the output terminal, and the varying magnetic flux from the permanent magnet induces a nonzero voltage at the output terminal. In the second mode, the secondary winding provides a return path to neutral for the primary winding, thereby providing negligible voltage and current at the output terminal and substantially canceling change in magnetic flux from the permanent magnet.

Abstract: Dynamoelectric device and stator bar therefor, where the stator bar includes a linear portion for positioning in a slot of a stator core, the slot extending in a radial direction relative to an axis of the stator, and an end arm portion having an involute-on-cone bend relative to the linear portion and an elongated cross-section that is substantially aligned with the radial direction of the slot.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to an induction motor including a stator having a circular cross-section and an inner passage having a longitudinal axis defining a bore, a solid core steel rotor having a circular cross-section rotatably disposed within the bore of the stator, and an air gap disposed between the rotor and the stator. A copper conductive layer is disposed on the steel rotor to increase the electrical conductance of the rotor. Exemplary embodiments adhere the copper conductive layer to the steel rotor using Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP). The HIP process encloses the steel rotor and the copper conductive layer in a containment vessel, and adheres the conductive layer to the rotor by applying high temperature and high gas pressure to the outside of the containment vessel.

Abstract: The invention describes an electrical machine having an armature with armature slots for accommodating armature coils. At least one armature coil is formed from two coil elements which are arranged symmetrically with respect to one another in relation to an axis of symmetry, which runs through the center-point of the armature shaft. The coil elements are connected to two adjacent commutator laminates of a commutator. A first brush, a second brush and a third brush bear against the commutator in a manner such that they can slide. The second brush interacts with the first brush or the third brush.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing a pole face of a metal closing elements of a solenoid, especially for electromechanical switchgear. In at least one embodiment, the method includes machining the surface of a crude stamped part of the closing element to give the pole face. A corresponding armature, yoke, solenoid and switchgear are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a permanently-excited electrical machine with a stator and a rotor. The stator has a coil arrangement and the rotor is provided with permanent magnet elements, or the rotor comprises a coil arrangement and the stator is provided with permanent magnet elements. An air gap is formed between the stator and the rotor, which is defined by the permanent magnet elements and magnetically conductive teeth of the stator, which are aligned with these in certain positions. The coil arrangement comprises at least one hollow cylindrical winding which is at least partially accommodated in the stator. The rotor has a magnetic return on the sides of the permanent magnet elements, which are remote from the air gap. The magnetic return is formed of rings which are oriented in the circumferential direction of the rotor, and which in the axial direction of the rotor are not wider than individual ones of the permanent magnet elements.

Abstract: Alternating current electric induction motor, in particular a motor (12-22) which is fed by a frequency variator, comprising a casing (4) which supports a rotor (9) by means of roller bearings (8) and which supports a stator (13) with a coaxial ring-shaped core (16) made of a magnetic material, characterized in that the stator (13) is provided with an auxiliary closed loop toroidal winding (20).

Abstract: A magnetic motor system includes a brushless motor with interdigitated permanent magnets longitudinally mounted on a rotor at equal radial positions, and stator windings to drive the rotor in response to pulses from a timer/driver, and stationary recapture windings to recover energy that would otherwise go to waste. One set of batteries is used to drive the motor through the timer/driver, and bridge rectifiers connected to the stationary recapture windings provide electrical current to charge a second set of batteries. The rotor shaft output provides kinetic energy to drive electrical generators, air compressors, etc. A shaft encoder connected to the rotor provides the information needed by the timer/driver to know which stator winding should be pulsed and with what polarity. A power pulse is provided at least every 12.5 degrees of rotation, making the motor self starting.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a winding assembly of a rotating electrical machine using a rotation block and a fixed block and a manufacturing apparatus used for the same. The rotation block includes a rotation surface rotatable around a rotation axis, and the fixed block includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other and a shaping surface. The shaping surface is formed between end parts of the first and the second surfaces, is made to have an almost semicircular shape with the rotation axis as the center, and extends along the rotation axis. Plural wire rods are simultaneously fed from the first surface of the fixed block to the rotation surface of the rotation block, and the wire rods positioned on the rotation surface are bent by rotation of the rotation block.

Abstract: An electromotive machine (200) comprises a stator (210), comprising a plurality of primary windings (215; 500; 520; 540), and a rotor (220). The primary windings (215; 500; 520; 540) are concentrated windings. The rotor (220) comprises secondary windings (230; 300; 400).

Abstract: A motor with a controllable rotor-pole magnetic intensity includes an electromagnetic pole rotor of an electromagnetic coil instead of a magnetic pole rotor composed of permanent magnets. The magnetic intensity variations of the electromagnetic poles of the rotor can be freely and automatically controlled according to input currents or a feedback signal representing a rotating speed of the motor or a load current of the stator so that the torque and the rotating speed of the motor can be changed. This invention has overcome the restriction that the torque and the rotating speed of the motor are restricted by the fixed permanent magnets so that the performance of the motor can be enhanced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a synchronous motor (12,32) having a number of stator coils and an armature (16, 36) having at least one permanent magnet (17, 37) which produces a magnetic field in a main flux direction, having at least one coil winding (20, 40) which is fitted to the armature (16, 36) such that a component of an alternating magnetic field, which is applied with the aid of the stator coils (15, 35), can be used to induce in it a secondary current which can be tapped off by means of a load (25, 45) which can be arranged adjacent to the armature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a synchronous motor (12) with a number of stator coils (15), with a rotor (16) with at least one permanent magnet (17), which induces a rotor magnetic field in a useful flux direction and with at least one coil winding (20), which is fitted on the rotor in order to induce a resultant magnetic field as a result of an alternating magnetic fields which is applied with the aid of the stator coils, in the direction of a winding axis of the coil winding, so that a resultant inductance of the stator coils (15) with respect to a direction of the winding axis is different given different positions of the rotor (16).

Abstract: A submersible pump capable of providing low voltage power supply comprises a pump body and a filter cover connected to the pump body; a stator containing cavity and a rotor containing cavity is provided in the pump body; the outside of the rotor containing cavity is provided with an impeller room, and the upside of the impeller room is provided with a water outlet; a silicon steel sheet group of a stator and a stator coil are encapsulated in the stator containing cavity in the pump body; a permanent magnet rotor is fixed in the rotor containing cavity in the pump body via a rotor shaft; an impeller at one end of the permanent magnet rotor is located in the impeller room; it also comprises an internal transformer; the internal transformer is provided with a low voltage coil, and the stator coil acting as a high voltage coil, and the two coils are located at the silicon steel sheet group of the stator; the low voltage coil provides AC low voltage power supply to the outside.

Abstract: The invention provides means of limiting maximum current conducted through windings of an electric machine having a rotor and a stator. By encouraging an appropriate leakage flux around a winding, a leak impedance can be achieved which may be used, according to the invention, to limit the maximum current in the winding as a matter of machine design.

Abstract: Divided magnet rotors R having a stepped skew rather than a helical skew are described. The stepped skew enables the use of straight magnet sections (44) that can be inserted into the rotor core notches (38) thereby eliminating the need to produce a helix from the rotor cage. The stepped skew is effective in decoupling stator slot order harmonics. In addition, the stepped skew rotor R includes, in some embodiments, open slots (22) so that the rotor is not subject to rotor bridge saturation.

Abstract: A sealed motor compressor in which a motor running efficiency is largely enhanced with a single-phase bipolar constitution, an electromotive element is fixed to a sealed container, and formed of a stator provided with a stator winding, and a rotor which rotates in the stator, and the rotor is formed of a squirrel-cage secondary conductor disposed in a peripheral portion of a rotor yoke, and a permanent magnet is embedded in the rotor yoke.

Abstract: A brushless DC motor with armature windings is compensated by auxiliary windings wound around linking parts of each pair of adjacent teeth of the slotted stator, to increase the number of effective turns, thus improving the torque constant and efficiency of the motor. The motor includes a slotted stator formed with a number of teeth, main windings concentrically wound around the teeth of the stator, auxiliary windings for compensating the main windings wound concentrically around the linking parts of the teeth and connected to the main windings, and a rotor with permanent magnets and a yoke.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a brushless DC motor with armature windings compensated by auxiliary windings, and particularly to a brushless DC motor with armature windings compensated by auxiliary windings wound around the linking parts of each pair of adjacent teeth of the slotted stator, to increase the number of effective turns, thus improving the torque constant and efficiency of the motor.

Abstract: In a stator winding for an electrical machine, where in said stator winding, in the winding slots (11) of a stator core (10), two each conductor bars (15, 17) are arranged between the slot base (21) and boring (22) of the stator core (10) on top of each other, whereby each of the conductor bars (15, 17) comprises a plurality of juxtaposed strand columns (15a, . . . , d or 17a, b) or strand planes, eddy current losses are effectively reduced, while limiting additional winding costs, in that the conductor bar (15) close to the boring is provided with more strand columns (15a, . . . , d) or strand planes than the conductor bar (17) close to the slot base.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved DC electric starter-generator having high starting torque, compact size and weight, increased efficiency and reliability, and being particularly suitable for a starter-generator for aircraft engines but also suitable for other applications. The DC electric starter-generator has a rotor assembly including a rotor core having a cross-sectional silhouette formed by a hub having preferably one of four and six appendages extending radially from the hub. Each appendage includes a flanged formation having an outer edge which is formed to obtain a desired commutation current wave form. The DC electric starter-generator further includes a stator assembly with a plurality of stator slots, each of which include at least two phase windings which are wound in a direction opposite each other to substantially reduce the effects of counter e.m.f. during operation.

Abstract: A low inductance electrical machine that may be used as an alternator or motor with low armature inductance is disclosed. Arrangements of complementary armature windings are presented in which the fluxes induced by currents in the armature windings effectively cancel leading to low magnetic energy storage within the machine. This leads to low net flux levels, low core losses, low inductance and reduced tendency toward magnetic saturation. The inclusion of additional gaps in the magnetic circuit allows for independent adjustment of air gap geometry and armature inductance. Separately excited field arrangements are disclosed that allow rotor motion to effect brush-less alternator or brush-less motor operation. An exemplary geometry includes a stator including two annular rings and a concentric field coil together with a rotor structure separated from the stator by four air gaps.

Abstract: A low inductance electrical machine which may be used as an alternator or motor with low armature inductance is disclosed. Arrangements of complementary armature windings are presented in which the fluxes induced by currents in the armature windings effectively cancel leading to low magnetic energy storage within the machine. This leads to low net flux levels, low core losses, low inductance and reduced tendency toward magnetic saturation. Separately excited field arrangements are disclosed that allow rotor motion to effect brushless alternator or brushless motor operation. An exemplary geometry includes a stator including two toroidal rings and a concentric field coil together with a rotor structure separated from the stator by four air gaps. An alternate embodiment allows for counter-rotation of two rotor elements for use as a flywheel energy storage system in which the external gyroscopic effects cancel.

Abstract: A stator winding has a plurality of conductor members forming coil ends, and each of the conductor members of the coil ends is hardened and heat treated to have hardness which changes along the length of conductor members. Therefore, the stiffness of the coil ends changes and resonant vibration of the stator can be reduced.

Abstract: A method for winding a field assembly for a universal motor and apparatus produced thereby is disclosed. The method involves winding both a field winding and a brake winding over different field poles within a field core simultaneously. After the first field winding and the first brake winding are wound, the field core is indexed to allow a second brake winding to be wound over the first field winding, and a second field winding to be wound over the first brake winding. By using the disclosed method, a field assembly is produced in which both field windings and the brake windings are wound using one continuous wire for each. Moreover, the presented method can be performed on a single winding machine.