Abstract: A distance-determining detector and method. A piezoelectric ultrasonic transceiver sends out pulses and receives their reflection and produces an analog output and a trigger output. The analog output is given effect only when it exceeds a threshold level, as shown by a comparator. The trigger output is used for disabling detection during transmission of the transmitter pulse and for producing a time interval during which the analog output is valid, when enabled. An AND gate is connected to the comparator and to the enabled trigger output. Clock pulses are counted, and a flip-flop circuit is connected to the counter and to the output from the AND gate. A multiplying digital-to-analog converter is connected to the flip-flop circuit for determining the distance. There may also be temperature compensation and scaling for the converter for validating the output thereof over a wide range of temperatures.

Abstract: A temperature-compensated quartz oscillator having a first plate of quartz that carries a first electrode which displays a sensitivity to temperature that exceeds that of the piezoelectric quartz wafer which comprises a first resonator which vibrates at a reference frequency f.sub.M. The first plate cooperates with the first electrode and a third electrode to form a second quartz resonator. Means for applying to the first and third electrodes an excitation electric power to drive the active portion of the first plate according to a mode which is sensitive to temperture, at a frequency f.sub.T close to, but slightly different from, the reference frequency f.sub.M. Means for comparing, which enable comparison of signals at the terminals of the second and third electrodes, and control means for the regulating means for applying an excitation electric power from the active portion of the piezoelectric wafer.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an AT-cut quartz resonator having two different resonant modes simultaneously occurring in which a generally rectangular polyhedron has first and second electrodes disposed on opposing faces, and having the width to height selected within the range of 8 to 25. The width is selected such that a thickness shear mode and flexure mode are simultaneously excitable and coupled together. The AT rotation angle is selected so that a first signal responsive to the coupled flexure mode and thickness shear mode has a substantially cubic frequency versus temperature response over a desired temperature range and a second signal responsive to the coupled flexure and thickness shear modes has a substantially linear frequency versus temperature response over the desired temperature range.

Abstract: An improved temperature compensation circuit for an oscillator circuit having a frequency response that is parabolic with respect to temperature, including a time dependent ramp signal, an AC integrator for converting the ramp signal to single-sided parabolic voltage functions and means for sampling the resulting time dependent one-sided parabolic voltage functions with respect to a time base at selected times corresponding to ambient temperatures.

Abstract: Signal processing by means of a system comprising an elastic wave device, invariant with the temperature.The input signal S.sub.e is written into a memory at the timing of a fixed clock h.sub.E and read at the timing of a clock H.sub.L supplied by a slaved generator, which also supplies the signals particularly for modulation to an interface circuit. The signal is applied to an elastic wave device which supplies a processed signal S.sub.3 applied to a second interface circuit and to a second memory. The slaved generator also supplies the demodulation signals to the second interface circuit and the writing clock signals H.sub.E of the second memory, which is read at the fixed clock timing h.sub.L. The slaved generator comprises a basic driver formed by a surface elastic wave oscillator constructed with the same substrate as that of the elastic wave processing device.

Abstract: A heating system for an HF oscillator.The system comprises a reentrant cavity (10) controlling an UHF oscillator and sized to generate an UHF electric field with a frequency F much higher than the resonance frequency F.sub.Q of the piezoelectric crystal (50) of the HF oscillator which itself is located in the space between the central core (14) and the bottom (12) of the cavity and in such a manner that the two electrodes (34,35) of the oscillator are respectively located substantially in the planes of the free end of the central core (14) and of the inside of the bottom (12) of the cavity (10). The electrodes (34,35) are located in bores (16,15) in the conducting parts of the cavity in such a manner that the peripheral part of each electrode is surrounded at close proximity but without making contact with the wall of the corresponding bore (16,15). The electrodes (34,35) are connected to an HF oscillator by insulated leads (24,25).

Abstract: A temperature compensating circuit for a piezoelectric crystal includes a thermistor circuit coupled to a transistor to cause the output voltage derived from the transistor to decrease as the temperature increases from a cold temperature toward a middle temperature. As the temperature increases still more, the thermistor causes the transistor to become saturated, and its output voltage increases. An additional thermistor circuit is coupled to the transistor output to cause the output voltage to decrease as the temperature increases toward a warm temperature from the temperature at which the transistor became saturated.

Abstract: A bulk wave piezoelectric device comprises a polarized ferroelectric ceramic plate, and electrodes formed on two main surfaces thereof, respectively, intersecting the polarization axis direction. The electrodes are connected to each other by means of an external resistance having a predetermined resistance value. The resistance value is selected to be smaller than the inherent resistance value of the ferroelectric ceramic plate between the two main surfaces. Positive and negative electric charges are stored on the two electrodes due to the pyroelectric effect responsive to a change of the temperature of the ferroelectric ceramic plate. The potential difference caused by the electric charges thus stored is rapidly decreased through the external resistance.

Abstract: An electrical to acoustic transducer utilizing the piezoelectric qualities of a polymer lamina and an arrangement including an amplifier and network to compensate for the polymer variability. This is accomplished by first providing two sets of electrodes on the surfaces of the polymer, a first set for driving the polymer and a second set for sensing the polymer electrical output and utilizing it via a compensating network operative to produce an output which is the square root of the products of inputs from the two sets of electrodes to precisely alter the amplifiers drive into the polymers first set to thereby maintain a desired constant acoustic output.

Abstract: Ink jet deflection is maintained constant regardless of ink temperature by varying the amplitude of pressure oscillation applied to ink in an ejection head (1) as a function of temperature. The pressure oscillation causes the ink to be ejected from the head (1) and separate into droplets. The droplets are charged and electrostatically deflected where it is desired to print a dot. Variation of the amplitude of pressure oscillation changes the shape of the droplets and thereby the amount of charge thereon and the deflection.

Abstract: A thickness mode piezoelectric ceramic resonator is connected in series with a ceramic capacitor to form a piezoelectric ceramic resonator unit. When the ceramic capacitor has a capacitance Ca and the resonator is associated with a damped capacitor having a capacitance Co, these capacitances are related to each other by a relationship,Co.ltoreq.Ca.ltoreq.30 Co.

Abstract: An oscillator comprises plural electrodes formed on a piezoelectric vibrator, and the oscillation frequency is controlled by varying the duty factor of the pulses for switching an effective electrode area of the plural electrodes. The frequency-temperature characteristic of the oscillator is compensated by varying the duty factor of the switching pulses according to temperature variations.No trimmer condenser is needed, and the frequency-temperature characteristic is compensated over a wide temperature range.

Abstract: An ultrasound examination apparatus comprises a processing circuit for echo signals from a mosaic of ultrasonic transducers which are made of an electrostrictive material with a non-remanent polarization. These signals are applied to processing channels which comprise coupling means (10i) for coupling the electrodes of the transducers to a circuit (20) for generating a polarization voltage ramp whose waveform is the inverse of that of the attenuation curve of the ultrasonic signals in the structures examined. These coupling means, for example, an RC circuit (11i, 12i) or a transformer (13i) enable the polarization voltage to be applied to the electrodes while inhibiting the transmission to the part of the processing channels which is situated behind the coupling means.

Abstract: A quartz crystal tuning fork resonator has a pair of vibratable arms vibratable in the flexural mode in response to excitation of driving electrodes positioned at both major surfaces and both side surfaces of each vibratable arm. The vibratable arms have a width w as measured in the widthwise direction of the major surfaces, a thickness t, and are spaced apart a distance s and the vibratable arms are dimensioned so as to satisfy the relationships s/t.gtoreq.1 and s/w.gtoreq.0.4. The resonator preferably has an overall length L.ltoreq.5 mm, an overall width W.ltoreq.1 mm and a thickness t>50 and is formed by etching. The driving electrodes are configured to establish an electric field component directed parallel to the major surfaces to thereby drive the vibrating arms in the flexural mode.

Abstract: An acceleration resistant crystal features two crystals mounted together h at least two axes of each crystal being in antiparallel relationship with respect to corresponding axes of the other crystals. The two crystals can be chiral pairs and thus have three corresponding axes in antiparallel relationship for acceleration resistance in any arbitrary direction with respect to the crystal axes.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transducer drive for use within a ring laser gyro is shown wherein a resistive element is combined in a negative feedback loop with a second resistive element to provide a feedback signal which is constant with variations in the transducer material and linear with temperature change. The feedback signal is amplified and applied to a comparator whose output is modulated with an AC signal and applied to a power amplifier that drives the piezoelectric transducer for controlling the displacement thereof uniformly over a wide temperature range.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for pre-setting the position of a piezoelectric actuator used in controlling the path length of the laser beam of a ring laser gyroscope is disclosed. The path length controller of this invention minimizes the necessary rectilinear motion of the actuator by presetting the actuator position according to the environmental or start-up temperature of the ring laser gyroscope to anticipate changes in the laser path length resulting from changes in the environmental temperature and/or self heating effect when the gyroscope is in operation.

Abstract: A quartz oscillation circuit used for a time standard of an electronic timepiece, which includes an inverter operating as an amplifier, an input capacitor and an output capacitor, the capacitors having the opposite temperature characteristics to compensate changes in oscillation frequency with the variation of temperature without any increase of the power consumption.

Abstract: In an electronic wristwatch having a watch body an a plurality of electronic vibrators having frequency-position characteristics, the frequency-temperature characteristic of the standard signal generated thereby is improved by positioning the vibrators in the watch body so that at least one vibrator has a different frequency-position characteristic than the other vibrators to compensate for any frequency deviation thereof due to the orientation of the watch body.

Abstract: A plurality of parallel-connected surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators, having different oscillation frequencies and different turnover temperatures, are connected to an active element containing circuit to form a SAW oscillator. The oscillator frequency deviation due to temperature is kept within a small allowable range .DELTA. fa by satisfying the following formulas:f.sub.H -f.sub.L .ltoreq..DELTA.faT.sub.p1 <T.sub.p2. . .<T.sub.pnwheref.sub.H : a maximum frequency among those frequencies of a plurality of SAW resonators connected to the active element-containing circuit which are produced at turnover temperatures on a temperature curve;f.sub.L : a minimum frequency among those of the plurality of SAW resonators; andT.sub.p1 to T.sub.p2 : the turnover temperatures corresponding to the individual SAW resonators.

Abstract: A method and apparatus utilizing a quartz crystal resonator with an orientation substantially equal to (yxwl) 21.93.degree./33.93.degree. vibrating simultaneously in two thickness modes to provide a stable frequency signal source. By combining a quartz crystal resonator of the above type with either digital or analog compensation, the frequency-temperature deviation of one of the crystal mode frequencies is used as an internal thermometer and the second crystal mode frequency as a reference frequency signal. The frequency signal for the thermometer function is utilized by the compensation network to stabilize the frequency of the reference signal. Additionally, the analog or digital compensation is accomplished by means of either a curve-fitting routine or an interpolation look-up table routine.