Abstract: An energy transformer includes a spaced-apart pair of first magnets disposed along a first axis; a reciprocator including a support member; a reciprocator shaft disposed on the support member; a pair of second magnets, each disposed on one end of the reciprocator shaft, the pair of second magnets further disposed along a second axis within the spaced-apart pair of first magnets such that each the second magnet is configured to interface with one of the pair of first magnets in a magnetic field interaction, the second axis is coaxially disposed with respect to the first axis, the magnetic field interaction is dependent upon a distance along the first axis between a second magnet and a first magnet with which the second magnet interacts; and a pair of shields, a shield positioner for positioning the pair of shields and an input receiver for motivating the shield positioner.

Abstract: An improved impact massager includes two impact force modules and a main circuit board in a chassis. An electromagnetic component and a cushioning element are coaxially provided in a heat sink of each impact force module. A drive rod of a drive component group is connected to an impact rod. A coupler of a transmission assembly is connected to the coupling seat with an oscillating coil provided therein and electrically connected with the main circuit board. When the oscillating coil and the magnetic core ring are coaxially positioned and displaced with respect to each other, the magnetic core ring does not interact with the oscillating coil, no current is generated by the oscillating coil and the main circuit board is in a power-off state, such that no power is transmitted to the electromagnetic component and motions are inhibited under no-load condition.

Abstract: A percussive massage device includes an enclosure having a cylindrical bore that extends along a longitudinal axis. A motor has a rotatable shaft that rotates about a central axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. A crank coupled to the shaft includes a pivot, which is offset from the central axis of the shaft. A transfer bracket has a first end portion coupled to the pivot of the crank. A flexible transfer linkage has a first end coupled to a second end portion of the transfer bracket. A piston has a first end coupled to a second end of the transfer linkage. The piston is constrained to move within a cylinder along the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical bore. An applicator head has a first end coupled to a second end of the piston and has a second end exposed outside the cylindrical bore for application to a person receiving treatment.

Abstract: A power generation system comprises a tube, a coil assembly, a magnetic assembly, and a direct detonation source. The coil assembly comprises at least one coil configured outside the tube. The magnetic assembly comprises at least one magnet inside the tube. The magnetic assembly is configured to move relative to the tube. The direct detonation source produces a detonation impulse that causes one of the tube or the magnetic assembly to move thereby generating power based on the movement of the magnet assembly relative to the coil assembly where the direct detonation source produces the detonation impulse at an ignition point without requiring a period of deflagration.

Abstract: The present invention replaces the internal combustion engine utilizing a conventional 12 voltage system that is used in automobiles today. The combustion engine can be a 90 degree V-Type or Inline type of cylinder block. This magnetic drive engine of the present invention comprises a head assembly supported by a cylinder engine block. The cylinder block houses the pistons and the head assembly houses a plurality of corresponding plug assemblies. Each plug assembly has an electromagnet on its bottom end which switches polarity based upon the polarity sent by the sensors on the crankshaft. By integrating the mechanics and the electromagnetism needed to push and pull the magnets on the pistons, the plug assembly is a staging area, for the coils and rods (mediums), to initiate the changing of polarity. A computer controls the switching of polarity and voltage needed for top performance.

Abstract: A motor system and method thereof are provided, wherein the system includes an energy storage device, a piston assembly including a magnet, at least two end assemblies in operable communication with the piston assembly, and includes first and second end assemblies, each having an electromagnet. The motor system further includes a controller that controls a supply of electrical power to first and second electromagnets of the first and second end assemblies, such that a first polarity of the first electromagnet is opposite a second polarity of the second electromagnet, and the first and second polarities are intermittingly altered by the supply of electrical power, so the magnet of the piston assembly is attracted and repelled from the first and second end assemblies.

Abstract: A linear actuator includes permanent magnet annuli arranged about an armature core for axial movement in a tubular stator upon energization of coils arranged in concentric association with the armature. The stator has portions extending radially inwards of the coils and towards one another beneath each coil, which define a spacing between the coil and the armature. The annuli have a substantially radially magnetized structure and the coils are configured for single phase power input. In one embodiment (FIG. 6), two pairs of spaced annuli are arranged on the core, wherein the axial length of the outermost annuli is half the axial length of the inner annuli.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator comprised of a mobile assembly, a fixed ferromagnetic stator assembly, at least one electric field coil, and of at least one permanent magnet, having two stable positions of equilibrium without current at its ends of travel. The invention is characterized in that the mobile assembly has two distinct ferromagnetic armatures placed on both sides of the stator assembly and each forms, together with the stator assembly, at least one magnetic circuit, and is characterized in that the permanent magnet magnetically cooperates with one of the other ferromagnetic mobile parts in a stable position of equilibrium without current at the end of travel.

Abstract: In a linear motor (1) having a stator (2) and an armature (3), the stator (2) comprises a winding former (21) and a drive winding (22) provided on the winding former (21). Further, means are provided for preventing any contact between the drive winding (22) and the armature (3) in case the armature (3) penetrates through the winding former (21).

Abstract: The present invention provides a linear motor 1 that can prevent a magnet member 2 from falling down when a power supply is turned off. A linear motor 1 includes a magnet member 2 composed of permanent magnets having alternately arranged respective N poles and S poles and a coil member 3 which surrounds a periphery of the magnet member 2 and trough which the magnet member 2 is movable in an axial direction relative to the coil member 3. A magnetic substance 3 is provided in the vicinity of one end of the coil member 3 to allow the magnet member 2 to exert a magnetic attractive force.

Abstract: A method of converting piston driven engines to operate on electricity. The head is removed from the engine. A solenoid tube, approximately twice as long as the stroke of the engine piston, for identification purposes, called a Double Length Solenoid Tube (13) or DLST (13) is fitted with flanges approximately on each end and in the middle, and is wound with suitable wire in layers from end flanges to middle making two separate magnetic coils on the DLST (13) a bar, which can be temporarily magnetized, for identification purposes is called the power magnet, PM (16) is attached to a rod, which cannot be magnetized, for identification purposes, called the Power Rod, PR (21) is fastened to the top of the engine piston (31).

Abstract: An electro-magnetic engine in which the motive force is electro-magnetism. The electro-magnetic engine comprises a housing structure, cylinder assembly, crankcase assembly, crankshaft assembly, electro-magnetism system and an electrical system. The electro-magnetism system consists of a coil assembly arranged stationary in the housing. The electro-magnetic engine includes the rotation of the crankshaft in a predetermined direction continuously after the initial activation of the crankshaft by assembly of applying a short period of the external force, such as from an automobile starter. At least three alternators are connected to the rotating crankshaft and work at 35 amps each to recharge batteries.

Abstract: A method of modifying an internal combustion engine to run on electrical energy. A conventional cylinder head cover of the internal combustion engine is removed and a steel plunger is secured to an end face of each one of the associated pistons. The conventional cylinder head cover is replaced with a modified cylinder head cover which has a solenoid located within each one of the extended cylinder bores, and each solenoid has a central bore for receiving the associated steel plunger. Each solenoid is coupled to a control unit which provides electrical power to each of the solenoids during approximately 180° of rotation of the crankshaft of the engine. The control unit may be a mechanical distributor and relay arrangement or an electronic controller.

Abstract: An encapsulated stator for use in solenoid-actuated liquid metering device has a bobbin assembly and a plunger guide which are substantially surrounded by a plastic overmold to hold the assembly together and provide a protective housing. Upper and lower ends of the plunger guide are not covered by the overmold, but rather are left exposed so that additional manufacturing and assembly steps may be performed upon the stator. The plunger guide is formed integrally with a support plate and two threaded body for receiving bolts to secure the stator in its operating position. A plastic cap with an integrally molded electrical connector housing for mating engagement with an electrical power supply is secured to the bobbin assembly and retains the core and plunger guide in proper positions relative to the bobbin prior to the assembly being encased in the overmold. A method of manufacturing the encapsulated stator is also disclosed.

Abstract: A new electromagnetically powered engine for powering vehicles and other devices which utilize an engine. The inventive device includes a plurality of pistons made of a ferromagnetic material disposed for reciprocation within insulative cylinders. A conductive coil is disposed around each of the cylinders for actuating the pistons when electricity is supplied to the coils. The pistons are connected with a crankshaft for converting reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion of the crankshaft which is then utilized to power the vehicle or other device. The electricity is distributed to the coils in sequential fashion by a conventional distribution system.

Abstract: An apparatus powered by solar cell photon energy having a motor for rotating a drive shaft by the use of compressed air. The motor comprising: a housing having a circular cross section with a drive shaft extending therethrough; a rotor having concave cups on its exterior surface mounted on the drive shaft within the housing; ports extending through the housing to cause rotation of the rotor; a plurality of sources of compressed air positioned adjacent to the housing. The apparatus further includes an alternator and/or a system for converting solar energy into mechanical energy comprising a battery chargeable through solar panels to generate power for reciprocating pistons to thereby generate the compressed air.

Abstract: A smart battery charger system including a smart battery charger that responds to charging instructions of a smart battery. The smart battery includes a memory that stores battery-specific charging characteristics. The smart battery determines a desired charging voltage and desired charging current based on measured environmental conditions, such as battery temperature, and the charging characteristics. A bus allows the smart battery to communicate the desired charging voltage and charging current to the smart battery charger. The smart battery charger generates the actual charging voltage and charging current in response to the desired charging voltage and charging current. In this manner the smart battery can control its own charging. Charging can be optimized according to a particular smart battery's charging characteristics and requirements.

Abstract: A movable magnet type pump, wherein a magnet moving body having at least one axially magnetized permanent magnet and an axially extending through liquid passage is arranged so as to be slidable inside a liquid introducing chamber; a plurality of coils are fixed so as to enclose the liquid introducing chamber; a first check valve is arranged on a liquid introducing side of the liquid introducing chamber; a second check valve is arranged on a liquid discharge side of the through liquid passage; and the magnet moving body is caused to reciprocate by interaction between current applied to the respective coils and magnetic flux from the magnet moving body cutting across the respective coils.

Abstract: A electromagnetically driven reciprocating engine. Reciprocating pistons are slidingly mounded in a cylinder and connected to a rotatable crankshaft. Fixed magnets, preferably of the samarium cobalt alloy type, are mounted in the piston to intermittently attract and repel sequentially energized electromagnets which are mounted in the cylinder walls. The electromagnets are mounted in radially oriented rows and strokewise outwardly extending layers adjacent the cylinder walls. The rows are radially disposed complimentary to the permanent magnets in the piston. The layers are disposed to provide a series of impulses both on the downstroke and on the upstroke, so as to urge the piston in the desired direction and thus turn the crankshaft to provide motive power. A power source for the electromagnets includes a capacitor discharge circuit for directing electrical energy to the electromagnets.

Abstract: This invention is an engine with reciprocating piston slidingly mounted within a cylinder and connected to a rotatable shaft. The piston is driven back and forth within the cylinder by a pair of electromagnets to obtain rotary power. A secondary winding around one of the electromagnets produces an alternating current. An anti-arc relay is also provided to prevent burning of the high voltage contacts.

Abstract: An electromagnetic reciprocating motor or pump for use for providing mechanical force for actuation of other fluids or components, and includes a cylinder provided with closures at each end, at least a pair of electromagnets operatively associated with the cylinder, and surrounding the same, a magnetically responsive piston provided within the cylinder and capable of longitudinal shifting reciprocally within the cylinder upon the sequential energization of the electromagnets, and either a mechanical actuator or electronic triggering components cooperating with electrical circuitry and connecting with the electromagnets which upon energization charging the electromagnets in timed sequence for inducing their reciprocal shifting of the piston within the cylinder means.

Abstract: An electromagnetic motor apparatus is used for converting electrical energy into rotary motion and includes a housing having a crankshaft rotably mounted therein. A plurality of stators form cylinders and are mounted onto the housing. A plurality of armatures form the pistons and are movably mounted to slide in the stators. Each armature has an armature piston rod connected to each armature and to the crankshaft for turning the crankshaft responsive to the movement of the armatures in a timed sequence. A distributor is operatively connected to the crankshaft for distributing electrical energy applied to the distributor from the distributor to the stator windings. The distributor has at least one pair of electrical contacts moving in a liquid bath responsive to the rotation of the crankshaft to direct electrical energy to the stator in timed sequence so that electrical arcing is reduced in the distribution of the electrical energy in an electromagnetic motor.

Abstract: An electric starter motor and generator is integrated into the structure of an internal combustion engine by making the ferromagnetic pistons of the engine the relatively moving elements in the starter and generator. A coil is solenoidally wound around each sleeve of the engine. An electronically controlled switch sends battery current into an appropriate coil inducing a powerful magnetic field therearound. The magnetic field and piston interact resulting in a powerful magnetic force which moves the piston and thus cranks the engine. At appropriate times in the operation of the engine, fuel to the same can be shut off and the engine run as a high speed electric motor.

Abstract: Solenoid actuators which include a stator assembly comprising a plurality of spaced parallel poles having coplanar end faces and symmetrically spaced side faces. An armature is mounted for attraction to and motion with respect to said stator, at least a component of which is perpendicular to the coplanar stator pole end faces and parallel to the pole side faces. The armature comprises a generally flat plate having a surface in parallel opposition to the pole end faces, and a plurality of integral ribs which extend between adjacent pairs of stator poles and have side faces opposed to and parallel to the pole side faces. Thus, the air gap between the stator and armature has a variable dimension component between the pole end faces and the opposing armature, and a fixed dimension component between the rib and pole side faces. The resulting output power versus stroke characteristic exhibits high output power at the beginning of the stroke, followed by a substantially constant power versus stroke function.

Abstract: A linear motor apparatus capable of delivery of single or multiple impacts to the body so as to provide massage or other treatment. Frequency, duration and force of impact are operator controlled variables. Resonances may be set up in body tissue material so as to result in standing waves in said body material.

Abstract: An electromagnetic reciprocating motor or pump for use for providing mechanical force for actuation of other fluids or components, and includes a cylinder provided with closures at each end, at least a pair of electromagnets operatively associated with the cylinder, and surrounding the same, a magnetically responsive piston provided within the cylinder and capable of longitudinal shifting reciprocally within the cylinder upon the sequential energization of the electromagnets, and either a mechanical actuator or electronic triggering components cooperating with electrical circuitry and connecting with the electromagnets which upon energization charging the electromagnets in timed sequence for inducing their reciprocal shifting of the piston within the cylinder means.

Abstract: A drivetrain (48) for an electric passenger vehicle (10) includes a battery (40) for energizing a single-phase A.C. traction motor (18) which drives a ground engaging wheel (12) through a multi-speed transaxle (20). The motor is characterized by an external ferrite permanent magnet rotor (26) drivingly engaging an input shaft (32) of the transaxle. The motor is controlled by an inverter circuit (44) and a control circuit (46) which generates switch command signals to reciprocally actuate power transistors (56 and 62) within the inverter circuit as a function of operator demand, rotor position and rotor speed. The control circuit includes a motor positioning circuit (442) which toggles the motor current when the rotor speed falls below a predetermined level to dither the rotor about a park position for a predetermined period. A pre-start rotor positioner (224) is provided to mechanically lock the rotor in its park position to ensure the availability of a high electrical starting torque.

Abstract: A magnetic reciprocating motor including a block with a crankshaft journalled therein and a cylinder with inboard and outboard portions mounted thereon. A piston with a piston magnet is slidably disposed in the cylinder inboard portion. A carrier assembly reciprocates within the cylinder outboard portion and has a carrier magnet mounted thereon. A head magnet is mounted on a cylinder head attached to the cylinder outboard portion. An electrical distribution system is provided for selectively energizing at least one of the magnets to induce repulsion therebetween for reciprocating the piston and carrier assembly within the cylinder.

Abstract: A vibration free fluid compressor particularly adapted for Stirling cycle cryogenic refrigeration apparatus comprising a pair of identical opposing ferromagnetic pistons (10, 12) located in a housing (22) and between a gas spring including a sealed volume (52, 54, 60) of a working fluid such as gas under pressure. The gas compresses and expands in accordance with movement of the pistons (10, 12) to generate a compression wave which can be vented out to other apparatus, for example, a displacer unit in a Stirling cycle engine. The pistons (10, 12) are urged outwardly due to the pressure of the gas; however, a fixed electromagnetic coil assembly (56), located in the housing adjacent the pistons, is periodically energized to produce a magnetic field which interlinks the pistons (10, 12) in such a fashion that the pistons are mutually attracted to one another.

Abstract: Three radially extending push rods (26, 28, 30) make contact with an undulating cam surface on the periphery of a cam (10). The push rods (26, 28, 30) are driven inwardly by electrical solenoids (94, 96, 98) or fluid motors (106, 108, 110). At the end of each step, one of the push rods (26, 28, 30) is fully extended and in contact with the bottom of a valley region of the cam surface. The second push rod is in a partially extended position against a sloping surface between a peak and a valley. The third push rod is in a partially extended position against an oppositely sloping surface between a peak and a valley. The push rods (26, 28, 30) are located within the center plane of a relatively thin cam. In other installations, they are spaced axially apart or both circumferentially and axially apart. A cam surface twists (FIG. 7) as it extends axially to, in that manner, provide different cam positions under each of three axially spaced apart push rods. A plurality of cams are connected together.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrically driven oscillating compressor, in particular for use as refrigerating machine, comprising a piston compressor, an electric oscillating drive for directly driving the piston compressor and a pulse shaper for supplying energy to the electric oscillating drive, wherein the group consisting of the compressor piston which is resiliently held in a central initial position, the other oscillating masses, the gas spring rate and the electric components of the oscillating drive form an electro-mechanical oscillating system whose natural frequency is at least approximately equal to the frequency of the current energizing the oscillating drive.

Abstract: A solenoid motor comprising a crankshaft with a plurality of solenoid means positioned adjacent thereto. Each solenoid means comprises a cylindrical core with an electrical coil wound therearound. A piston means is slidably mounted in each of said cores and is longitudinally movably responsive to the polarity of the coils. Connecting rods are pivotally connected by their opposite ends to the piston means and the crankshaft. An electrical control means is operatively connected to the coils to sequentially control the electrical polarity of the coils wherein longitudinal movement of the piston means is sequentially induced to impart rotational motion to the crankshaft.

Abstract: A means for producing an optimized cooler expander waveform for a closed le cryogenic cooler. The cooler displacer is driven by magnetic and spring biasing means through four repeated phases of each cycle to produce four portions of the optimized cooler waveform in which each portion takes up about 25% of the total cycle. The portions are comprised of a constant velocity in opposite direction and dwell times with smoothed corner transitions between each portion. Control means for controlling the displacer movement to produce the specific waveform may be provided by a function generator applying the desired waveform into a displacer control drive circuit which has as a second input a sensory signal of the actual position of the displacer.

Abstract: An electrically driven linear vibrator has swing drive for vibrating troughs, jarring tables or the like comprises a stator with an exciter winding, an armature guided for linear movement in a direction transverse to the field produced by the stator and a pair of oppositely acting return springs forming together a swing drive, the vibration of which may be used to drive a device connected to the vibrator. The return springs may be constituted by metal springs, gas springs or a combination of both. The swing drive may be constructed as single-acting or double-acting drives. A diode may be connected with the electrical conductors leading to exciter winding so that at a line frequency of 50 Hz, an oscillation frequency of 100 Hz, 50 Hz or 25 Hz may be obtained. The vibrator may also be provided with a piston blower for cooling the windings of the stator.

Abstract: A motor includes two reciprocating electromagnets. The magnets are energized at positions when the total repulsive forces of the electromagnets can be applied to a single crankshaft. The electromagnets are energized when the crankshaft is 90.degree. past top dead center, in a position to provide maximum torque. One of the electromagnets is positioned by a groove follower which rides in a cam groove cut in a face of a camshaft. The camshaft is connected by a connecting linkage to the crankshaft to follow it. The cam moves the second electromagnet such that the air gap between the two electromagnets is reduced to zero when the first electromagnet is 90.degree. past top dead center.

Abstract: A reciprocating electric motor is shown having a sliding electromagnet aligned between a pair of spaced permanent magnets, where the facing poles of the permanent magnets are of the same polarity, and electrical circuit means is provided for energizing the electromagnet with alternate current flows to create alternate polarities of the electromagnetic field surrounding the electromagnet, whereby at any time there is a strong magnetic field attraction force between the electromagnet and one of the permanent magnets, while there is a strong magnetic field repulsion force between the electromagnet and the other permanent magnet. An electrical switching means is operated by the position of the electromagnet at each end of its reciprocating stroke for reversing the flow of current within the electromagnet and the polarity of the opposite ends of the electromagnet so as to reverse the direction of sliding movement of the electromagnet once it arrives at each end of its stroke.

Abstract: An electromagnetic engine and method capable of producing a high amount of mechanical power at a high efficiency. An electromagnet or piston operates within a cylinder having a stepped bore therein. The cylinder reciprocates while the piston only pivots. The power stroke occurs for a short duration midway between a top dead center position and a bottom dead center position. Axial magnetic forces are used to impart axial motion to the cylinder which causes rotation of the crankshaft. A plate is positioned within the cylinder up against the step. When the plate is in close proximity to the piston or electromagnet, and the centerline of the cylinder is at a right angle to the throw of the crankshaft, the electromagnet is energized. Sequential energization of each of a plurality of piston-cylinder combinations occurs during each crankshaft rotation.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator comprising a housing of magnetizable material defining a stationary pole, a bobbin supported by the housing and having an interior bore, an armature comprising a permanent magnet provided with a pair of magnetic poles and movably supported by the bobbin, a pair of coils circumposing the armature and having wire end portions and means securing the wire end portions to the bobbin. The bobbin comprises a pair of bobbin sections and means connecting the bobbin sections, each bobbin section having an inner and an outer rim and supporting one of the coils between the rims. A collar section integrally connects each of the bobbin sections and comprises a keeper for securing the wire end portions and a radially extending vent bore.

Abstract: Intermediate ram operated electromagnetically connects at least two cylinders to operate them reciprocally and drive a vehicle or the like.

Abstract: A plurality of aligned magnets are movable with respect to each other and their polarities are changed to cause changing of the distances between adjacent magnets by opening and closing of air gaps therebetween. Driven magnets travel a distance which is greater than the air gap between any two adjacent magnets.

Abstract: A combination device for developing a mechanical output from electrical energy which uses at least one electrical magnet solenoid, and preferably a plurality of same, together with an associated timing mechanism for actively controlling the time and degree of energization of said electrical magnet(s). Preferably at least one of the electrical magnetic solenoid structures may be provided with an air compressor structure for increasing the normal atmospheric pressure to a desired pressure.

Abstract: A magnetically operable engine or power plant embodying a rotary crankshaft having two or more offset cranks which, by means of respective connecting rods pivoted thereto, and also to the sliding cores or armatures of electromagnets, are actuated to apply torque to the crankshaft for driving purposes. Electrical current is supplied to the magnet windings by fixed distributor switches which are successively operated by one or more cams effectively mounted on the crankshaft, the switches receiving pulses of current in timed relationship and in such a manner that torque is continuously applied to the crankshaft.

Abstract: An electromagnetic motor and generator is disclosed having a pair of solenoids wound on a cylinder, each of said solenoids comprising three separate but connected windings. A magnetizable piston is positioned for reciprocation in the cylinder and is connected to a rotatably mounted crankshaft. A commutator connected to the crankshaft and interposed in an electric circuit selectively energizes the solenoids to cause rotary motion of the crankshaft. An additional circuit means is also provided for recapturing electrical energy generated in each of the solenoids upon deenergization of the solenoid by said switch.

Abstract: A switching system for a solenoid reciprocator motor of a type which has a piston arranged to reciprocate into and out of a solenoid. The switch is an SCR rectifier and the trigger lead to close the switch is pulsed by a commutator operating in unison with the movement of the solenoid or a shaft rotated by the solenoid. The energizing cycle when the SCR switch is closed is terminated by a disconnect lead which is pulsed responsive to a subsequent contact of the circuit by the commutator. A preferred mode of pulsing the disconnect circuit is to associate the disconnect circuit with another solenoid of the motor whereby the first solenoid is turned off when the other solenoid is turned on by the commutator.

Abstract: An electromagnetic reciprocating motor is disclosed having a minimum number of moving parts. The motor consists of a hollow, tubular guide having a first drive coil mounted about a first end, a second drive coil mounted about a second end, and a third drive coil mounted about a central portion thereof. A ferromagnetic piston is mounted in sliding engagement within the hollow guide and a ferromagnetic pivot plate is pivotally mounted on the central portion of the guide with a switching means attached thereto for alternately energizing the first or second drive coils.

Abstract: Integrated circuit mask patterns are laser machined by mounting substrates on a support that is periodically stepped in a y direction after each scan by a laser writing beam in an x direction. X-direction scanning is accomplished by mounting a mirror on a carriage that reciprocates by rebounding between two displaced coil springs. A coding laser beam is reflected from the carriage through a stationary code plate, comprising alternate transparent and opaque stripes, to monitor the position of the carriage and to control the modulation of the writing beam.