Abstract: A sound apparatus includes a piezoelectric device configured to vibrate based on a sound signal input thereto, a vibration member, and an elastic member configured to connect at least a portion of the piezoelectric device to the vibration member.

Abstract: The disclosed flexible vibrotactile devices may include a dielectric support material, at least one flexible electroactive element coupled to the dielectric support material, a first conductive electrode material, and a second conductive electrode material. The dielectric support material may include at least one hole therethrough for securing the flexible vibrotactile device to a textile by threading at least one fiber through the at least one hole. Various other related methods and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piezoelectric transformer having a piezoelectric element (1) of the length L, wherein an input voltage Uin can be applied on an input side (2) for being transformed into an output voltage Uout on the output side (3) according to a transformation ratio Uout/Uin=Ku. The piezoelectric element (1) comprises multiple plies (4a, 4b, 4c) of inner electrodes, which are arranged in multiple different layers (S1, S2, S3). Each ply (4a, 4b, 4c) of inner electrodes extends along at least one predetermined sub-section of a predetermined length, wherein sub-sections of plies (4a, 4c) of a first group of layers (S1, S3) and sub-sections of plies (4b) of a second group of layers (S2) have different dimensions, so that the piezoelectric transformer satisfies the following condition: Cin?N2Cout, wherein Cin indicates the input capacitance, Cout indicates the output capacitance, and N indicates the transformation ratio of the ideal transformer.

Abstract: An actuator device has an electroactive polymer actuator and an integrated piezoelectric transformer. At least a secondary side of the integrated piezoelectric transformer shares a piezoelectric electroactive polymer layer with the electroactive polymer actuator, so that lower external voltages can be applied to the actuator device. A diode is connected between the secondary side of the integrated piezoelectric transformer and the electroactive polymer actuator.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transformer that includes a base and an upper layer supported by the base. The upper layer includes a first piezoelectric layer that includes the portion of the upper layer that is interposed between an output electrode and an intermediate electrode, and a second piezoelectric layer that is superposed with the first piezoelectric layer and includes the portion of the upper layer interposed between the intermediate electrode and an input electrode in at least n vibration portions. Moreover, the input electrode includes multiple input electrode pieces and the output electrode includes multiple output electrode pieces. In addition, wiring lines are routed such that voltages of opposite phases can be respectively applied to a first input electrode piece group and a second input electrode piece group with the potential of the intermediate electrode serving as a reference.

Abstract: A control apparatus controls driving a vibratory actuator. The control apparatus applies a signal to an electromechanical energy conversion device of a vibrator of the vibratory actuator to excite vibration on the vibrator and cause the vibrator and a driven object contacting the vibrator to move relative to one another by the vibration. If the vibratory actuator decelerates, the control apparatus changes a driving frequency of the signal to a frequency higher than a start-up frequency of the vibratory actuator and a preceding frequency at a deceleration start position. After changing the driving frequency of the signal, the control apparatus controls the signal driving frequency to perform deceleration control and fixes voltage of the signal in a deceleration period in which the vibratory actuator is decelerated.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transformer is disclosed In an embodiment a piezoelectric transformer includes a cylindrical base body with an input region and an output region, wherein a cylinder axis of the base body extends in a longitudinal direction, wherein the input region is configured to convert an AC voltage into a mechanical vibration, wherein the output region is configured to convert a mechanical vibration into an electrical voltage, wherein the output region includes a single piezoelectric layer polarized in the longitudinal direction, wherein, in the input region, a first piezoelectric layer, on which a first internal electrode is arranged, and a second piezoelectric layer, on which a second internal electrode is arranged, are wound onto one another, and wherein the first piezoelectric layer and the second piezoelectric layer are polarized in a radial direction which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A capacitor comprises a housing and a first stack of parallel plates within the housing. A first plate and a second plate in the first stack are capacitively coupled. The capacitor comprises a second stack of parallel plates within the housing. A third plate and a fourth plate in the stack are capacitively coupled. The capacitor also comprises a first input electrode and a second input electrode. The capacitor also comprises a first output electrode and a second output electrode on a side surface of the capacitor. The capacitor also comprises a dielectric material located between each plate in the first stack and the second stack. The first stack is not capacitively coupled with the second stack.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a piezoelectric transformer (1) which is divided in the longitudinal direction (L) into an input region (2) and an output region (3), wherein electrodes (4) and piezoelectric material (5) are alternately stacked in the input region (2) and an alternating voltage can be applied to the electrodes (4) in the input region (2), wherein the output region (3) comprises piezoelectric material (9) which effectuates the build-up of an electrical field when alternating voltage is applied in the input region (2), wherein the piezoelectric transformer (1) has an output-side end face (10) which faces away from the input region (2), and lateral edges (13) which extend in the longitudinal direction (L), and wherein the piezoelectric transformer (1) is designed for ionizing atoms or molecules at the output-side end face (10), thereby avoiding ionization of atoms or molecules at the lateral edges (13).

Abstract: A device for generating an atmospheric-pressure plasma is disclosed. In an embodiment the device includes a piezoelectric transformer comprising an input region and an output region, wherein the input region is designed to convert an applied alternating voltage into a mechanical oscillation, wherein the output region is designed to convert a mechanical oscillation into a voltage, and wherein the output region adjoins the input region in a longitudinal direction, a contact element fastened to the piezoelectric transformer, the contact element being designed to apply the alternating voltage to the input region and a holder, wherein the contact element is connected to the holder by a form-fit connection, in such a manner that a movement of the piezoelectric transformer in the longitudinal direction, relative to the holder, is prevented.

Abstract: This optical scanning actuator can improve yield and assembly efficiency. An optical scanning actuator (10) includes a piezoelectric element (14) that is joined to a displaceably supported emission end (11a) of an optical fiber (11) and displaces the emission end (11a) in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis direction of the optical fiber (11) by expanding and contracting in the optical axis direction. The piezoelectric element (14) includes an identifier (16) for identifying a polarization direction, the identifier (16) being formed physically.

Abstract: A spur cancelling, electromechanical filter includes a first resonator having a first resonant frequency and one or more first spurious responses, and it also includes, electrically connected to the first resonator, a second resonator having a second resonant frequency and one or more second spurious responses. The first and second resonant frequencies are approximately identical, but the first resonator is physically non-identical to the second resonator. The difference between the resonators makes the respective spurious responses different. This allows for filters constructed from a cascade of these resonators to exhibit reduced spurious responses.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transformer that includes a piezoelectric body having driving portions and a power generating portion, an input electrode, and an output electrode. The driving portions and the power generating portion are arranged in the lengthwise direction of the piezoelectric body. The driving portions are disposed symmetrically relative to a plane that passes through a center of the piezoelectric body in the lengthwise direction and is orthogonal to the lengthwise direction, occupy no less than half of the regions in the piezoelectric body, and are include two or more adjacent polarized regions.

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator includes a plurality of piezoelectric layers, a plurality of electrodes between which each of the piezoelectric layers is placed so that the electrodes and the piezoelectric layers alternate with each other, and a substrate on which the plurality of piezoelectric layers and the plurality of electrodes are formed.

Abstract: A system for power smoothing in power distribution and methods are provided. In one embodiment, a power multiplying network is provided that comprises a multiply-connected, velocity inhibiting circuit constructed from a number of lumped-elements. The power multiplying network is coupled to a power distribution network. The power multiplying network is configured to store power from and supply power to the power distribution network.

Abstract: A power multiplier and method are provided. The power multiplier includes a power multiplying network that is a multiply-connected, velocity inhibiting circuit constructed from a number of lumped-elements. The power multiplier also includes a launching network, and a directional coupler that couples the launching network to the power multiplying network. The power multiplier provides for power multiplication at nominal power generation frequencies such as 50 Hertz, 60 Hertz, and other power frequencies, in a compact circuit.

Abstract: A power transformation apparatus between DC light element and ballast is provided, including: a first inductance, a second inductance, and a rectifier module. The first inductance includes a first input end and a second input terminal, and at least one of the first input terminal and the second input terminal is electrically connected to an output terminal of the ballast. The second inductance has a third input terminal and a fourth input terminal, and at least one of the third input terminal and the fourth input terminal is electrically connected to another output end of the ballast. The rectifier module has two input terminals, and the two input terminals are electrically connected to the first inductance and the second inductance, respectively. The rectifier module inputs a rectified direct current, so as to provide the electricity to the DC light elements. When the ballast is electrical ballast, the impedance value of the first inductance and the second inductance are between 150? and 800?.

Abstract: A film-type piezoelectric/electrostrictive element which is a fired object includes a body part, a pair of side-surface electrodes and an electrode exposed surface. The body part has n+1 layered piezoelectric/electrostrictive films and n layered internal electrode layer(s). The piezoelectric/electrostrictive films are composed of ceramic. The piezoelectric/electrostrictive films and the internal electrode layer(s) are stacked in an alternating manner. The n is an integer equal to 1 or more. The pair of side-surface electrodes is positioned on two opposing side surfaces of the body part. The two opposing side surfaces extend in a stacking direction of the body part. The internal electrode layer(s) is/are exposed on an electrode exposed surface of the body part. The electrode exposed surface extends in the stacking direction. An electrode exposure ratio of the internal electrode layer(s) on the electrode exposed surface as defined by Formula (1) being more than 0% and less than or equal to 10%.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a composite piezoelectric substrate in which a piezoelectric substrate and a supporting substrate are prepared, ions are implanted in the piezoelectric substrate to form a defective layer at a predetermined depth in the piezoelectric substrate, impurities that are adhered to a surface of the piezoelectric substrate or a surface of the supporting substrate are removed to expose the constituent atoms thereof and to activate the surfaces, the supporting substrate is bonded to the piezoelectric substrate to form a bonded substrate body, the bonded substrate body is separated at the defective layer so that a separation layer between the surface of the piezoelectric substrate and the defective layer is separated from the piezoelectric substrate and bonded to the supporting substrate to form a composite piezoelectric substrate, and the surface of the separation layer of the composite piezoelectric substrate is smoothed.

Abstract: Object is that an output sound pressure at transmission or an output voltage at reception of a predetermined higher resonance component becomes higher than those of the primary resonance component. The piezoelectric material layer 24 has an electrode on the surface of the piezoelectric material of between the layer and both ends, and outputs and inputs an electrical signal with this electrode. The piezoelectric material 24 has a remanent polarization in a thickness direction, the relationship of the (4P+1)th layer piezoelectric material from fixed end side is used as the basic relationship, piezoelectric materials are periodically arranged so that piezoelectric materials of (4p+2)th and (4p+3)th layer each has an opposite relationship, and (4p+4)th layer has the same relationship as the basic relationship.

Abstract: A method for forming an electrical device having a {100}-textured platinum electrode comprising: depositing a textured metal thin film onto a substrate; thermally oxidizing the metal thin film by annealing to convert it to a rocksalt structure oxide with a {100}-texture; depositing a platinum film layer; depositing a ferroelectric film. An electrical device comprising a substrate; a textured layer formed on the substrate comprising metal oxide having a rocksalt structure; a first electrode film layer having a crystallographic texture acting as a template; and at least one ferroelectric material layer exhibiting spontaneous polarization epitaxially deposited on the first electrode film layer whereby the rocksalt structure of the textured layer facilitates the growth of the first electrode film layer with a {100} orientation which forms a template for the epitaxial deposition of the ferroelectric layer such that the ferroelectric layer is formed with an {001} orientation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a piezoelectric bimorph switch, specifically a cantilever (single clamped beam) switch, which can be actively opened and closed. Piezoelectric bimorph switch are known from the prior art. Such a switch may be regarded as an actuator. Actuators are regarded as a subdivision of transducers. They are devices, which transform an input signal (mainly an electrical signal) into motion. Electrical motors, pneumatic actuators, hydraulic pistons, relays, comb drive, piezoelectric actuators, thermal bimorphs, Digital Micromirror Devices and electroactive polymers are some examples of such actuators. The switch of the invention comprises piezoelectric stack layers (121, 122), which form a symmetrical stack, wherein an electric field is always applied in the same direction as the poling direction of the piezoelectric layers.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transformer includes a rectangular plate-shaped piezoelectric board having a length L in a longitudinal direction. In the piezoelectric board, five regions having a length L/5 are formed. In the two of regions, inner electrodes are formed in a thickness direction and conducted to outer electrodes provided in these regions. In a third region, outer electrodes are provided. The two regions of the piezoelectric board are polarized in the thickness direction, and two adjacent regions thereof are polarized in the longitudinal direction, and the third region is non-polarized. When a voltage is applied to the outer electrodes, the piezoelectric board expands and contracts in the longitudinal direction due to a piezoelectric effect. Thus, a piezoelectric transformer which enables high-efficient energy conversion even when a driving frequency is increased and a wireless power transmission system using the piezoelectric transformer are provided.

Abstract: An acoustic wave resonator device comprising a resonant layer that comprises a series of side-by-side areas of first and second dielectric materials. In one embodiment the first dielectric material is a piezoelectric, in particular the first dielectric material can be a piezoelectric and the second dielectric material can be non-piezoelectric. In another embodiment, the first dielectric material is a piezoelectric of first polarity and the second dielectric material is a piezoelectric of opposite polarity or different polarity. Where needed, the resonant layer is supported on a reflector composed of series of layers of high acoustic impedance material(s) alternating with layers of low acoustic impedance material(s). For example, the reflector comprises AlN, Al2O3, Ta2O5, HfO2 or W as high impedance material and SiO2 as low impedance material.

Abstract: Multilayered piezoelectric transformers, transformer elements and methods of constructing piezoelectric transformers are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for processing a ring type piezoelectric device comprises: providing a ring type piezoelectric embryo; printing at least a pair of electrodes to divide the ring type piezoelectric embryo into a plurality of equal sections; and immersing the divided ring type piezoelectric embryo into high temperature silicon oil with high voltage for polarization so as to make the polarization of the ring type piezoelectric device perpendicular to a cross-section thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a circuit arrangement (20) for a piezo transformer (22) comprising a driver circuit (23), to which the piezo transformer (22) can be connected, and a current sensor (21) for the determining an incoming power signal (IM), which is subject to an incoming current (IE) flowing through the piezo transformer (22). The invention further relates to the circuit arrangement (20) of a control unit (24) for providing a control signal (ST), which is subject the incoming power signal (IM); and an oscillator (25) having an oscillator output (43) for emitting an oscillator signal (SO) to a driver signal input (44) of the driver circuit (23) subject to the control signal (ST).

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator is provided, including a piezoelectric layer which is joined to a joining member and which has a coefficient of linear expansion smaller than a coefficient of linear expansion of the joining member; a first electrode which is arranged on one surface of the piezoelectric layer; a second electrode which is arranged on a portion of the one surface of the piezoelectric layer different from the first electrode and which is in conduction with the first electrode; and a low dielectric layer which is formed between the piezoelectric layer and the second electrode and which has a dielectric constant lower than a dielectric constant of the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: Multilayered piezoelectric transformers, transformer elements and methods of constructing piezoelectric transformers are disclosed.

Abstract: A piezoelectric thin film device comprises a piezoelectric thin film having upper and lower surfaces and a defined tilted crystal morphology, a top electrode disposed on the upper surface, a substrate having a surface morphology that corresponds to the defined crystallographically tilted morphology, and a bottom electrode disposed between and crystallographically linked to both the lower surface of the piezoelectric thin film and the substrate surface, the bottom and top electrodes having a parallel planar configuration relative to the plane of the substrate and the defined crystallographically tilted morphology having a crystallographic c-axis direction oriented at a >0° angle relative to the normal to the plane of the electrodes; and method of making the device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of acoustic wave devices, and particularly to that of transducers capable of operating at very high frequencies, from a few hundred MHz to several gigahertz, and its subject is more particularly an interface acoustic wave device including at least two substrates and a layer of ferroelectric material, the latter being contained between a first electrode and a second electrode and having first positive-polarization domains and second negative-polarization domains, the first and second domains being alternated, wherein the assembly constituted by the first electrode, the layer of ferroelectric material, and the second electrode is contained between a first substrate and a second substrate.

Abstract: A crystal oriented ceramic composite body is provided, including a substrate that has a first surface and a second surface, and a {100} oriented ceramic film that is disposed to face the first surface. The {100} oriented ceramic film includes a first sectional surface. The first sectional surface is perpendicular to the first surface, and a 90 degree domain includes a domain wall within a range of ±20 degrees of a normal to the first surface and occupies a surface area of at least ? of the first sectional surface.

Abstract: To provide a piezoelectric transformer which can reduce the capacity of an input unit and realize a impedance matching with a drive circuit of an input side. A piezoelectric transformer includes: a piezoelectric substrate (11) having both main surfaces of a rectangular shape; and input side electrodes (12, 13, 15, 16) and output side electrodes (14, 17) formed on the both main surfaces of the piezoelectric substrate (11). A pair of opposing input side electrodes (12, 13, 15, 16) are arranged on the both surfaces of the piezoelectric substrate (11) in the first input unit (A1) and the second input unit (A2). At least one of the pair of input side electrodes (12, 13, 15, 16) is a partial electrode arranged at the center portion of the main surface of the piezoelectric substrate (11) in the first input unit (A1) and the second input unit (A2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to voltage transformers, comprising multi-layer structures of piezoelectric ceramics, so-called piezoelectric transformers. The present invention further relates to switched mode power supplies, comprising such a piezoelectric transformer as part of a piezoelectric converter. The piezoelectric transformer according to the invention comprises a primary-side electrode arrangement (102) that can be connected to the primary-side voltage, a secondary-side electrode arrangement (104) on which the secondary-side voltage can be tapped, and an auxiliary electrode arrangement (106) for creating an auxiliary electrode voltage proportional to the secondary-side voltage, wherein the auxiliary electrode arrangement (106) is formed by at least two plane electrodes located opposite one another.

Abstract: A method of collective fabrication of remotely interrogatable sensors, wherein the method may include fabricating fabricating a first series of first resonators exhibiting a first resonant frequency at ambient temperature and a first static capacitance and fabricating a second series of second resonators exhibiting a second resonant frequency at ambient temperature and a second static capacitance. The method may also include performing a series of electrical measurements of the set of the first series of first resonators and of the set of the second series of second resonators, so as to determine first pairs and second pairs of resonant frequency and of capacitance of each of the first and second resonators and performing a series of matching of a first resonator and of a second resonator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the collective fabrication of a remotely interrogable sensor having at least one first resonator and one second resonator. Each resonator exhibits respectively a first and a second operating frequency. A first series of first resonators are fabricated. The first resonators each have a first operating frequency belonging to a first set of frequencies centered on a first central frequency. A second series of second resonators are fabricated. The second resonators each having a second operating frequency belonging to a second set of frequencies centered on a second central frequency. A series of pairings of a first resonator and of a second resonator are conducted so as to form pairs of resonators exhibiting a difference of operating frequencies which is equal to the difference of the first and second central frequencies.

Abstract: An actuator with a sensor, including an actuator having a pair of electrodes and an ionic conduction layer present between the pair of electrodes, and a sensor having electrodes and an electromechanical conversion element. When the actuator is deformed, the sensor is also deformed. The relationship between the modulus of elasticity (A) of the actuator and the modulus of elasticity (S) of the sensor satisfies S<A.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a piezoelectric actuator includes a first polarization of a piezoelectric body; polishing the piezoelectric body; first heating step of heating the piezoelectric body to a temperature which is not lower than a Curie point of the piezoelectric body and performing a re-polarization of the piezoelectric body in a second polarization of the piezoelectric body having been heated in the first heating step.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transformer with a body that includes a first functional part and a second functional part is disclosed. The second functional part has inner electrodes, located in the body, which are connected to outer electrodes of this part. The first outer electrode of the first functional part is arranged parallel to the inner electrodes of the second functional part, wherein the minimum distance between the first outer electrode of the first functional part and the respective outer electrodes of the second functional part is selected greater than the distance between the first outer electrode of the first functional part and a terminal inner electrode of the second functional part facing it.

Abstract: A crystal oriented ceramic composite body including a substrate that has a first surface and a second surface, and a {100} oriented ceramic film that is disposed to face the first surface. The {100} oriented ceramic film includes a first sectional surface. The first sectional surface is perpendicular to the first surface, and a 90 degree domain includes a domain wall within a range of ±20 degrees of a normal to the first surface and occupies a surface area of at least ? of the first sectional surface.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transformer includes: a piezoelectric transducer on whose outer surface an electrode is formed; a case housing the piezoelectric transducer; a terminal disposed to face the electrode; an elastic member in contact with both the electrode and the terminal in the case and having conductivity to bring the electrode and the terminal into mutual continuity; and a folder formed in the case and fixedly holding the elastic member to press-fit the elastic member between the electrode and the terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a piezoelectric transformer having a pinwheel-type electrode. The piezoelectric transformer of the present invention includes a body, an upper electrodes and a lower electrode. The body is formed in a circular planar shape and is made of a piezoelectric material. The upper electrodes are formed to be adjacent to one of first and second planes corresponding to upper and lower surfaces of the body, formed in the same planar shape as that of the body, and formed to be separated in the shape of a pinwheel. In the upper electrodes, input voltage is applied to some of separate electrodes, and output voltage is obtained from the remaining electrodes. The lower electrode is adjacent to a plane opposite the plane on which the upper electrode is formed, the lower electrode being formed in the same planar shape as that of the body.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining and/or monitoring a process variable of a medium. The apparatus includes: An oscillatable unit secured on a membrane; a sending/receiving unit, which excites the membrane and the oscillatable unit to oscillate and which receives oscillations of the oscillatable unit. The sending/receiving unit is a disk-shaped, piezoelectric element. The apparatus further includes a control/evaluation unit, which, on the basis of oscillations of the oscillatable unit, monitors and/or determines the process variable. The disk-shaped, piezoelectric element has segments, which are essentially polarized oppositely to one another, and at least two electrodes of opposite polarity are applied to the side of the disk-shaped, piezoelectric element facing away from the membrane.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transformer includes a base body. The base body includes an input part and an output part mechanically connected to the input part. The base body also includes internal electrodes perpendicular to a polarization axis of the transformer-in the input part and the output part. The transformer also includes an auxiliary electrode galvanically separated from the input part and the output part.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ultrasonic motor whose output is improved by enhancing the exciting force of a vibration caused on a vibrating body having a rectangular portion. The ultrasonic motor includes the vibrating body having a piezoelectric element, and a moving body which contacts the vibrating body. The phases of two difference vibrations caused on the vibrating body are changed to make the moving direction of the moving body or the vibrating body itself variable by selecting whether to apply a drive signal to first electrodes provided at one side of the piezoelectric element or to apply a drive signal to second electrodes provided at a portion whose polarization direction differs from that of the first electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an insulation piezoelectric transformer, wherein upper electrodes and corresponding lower electrodes are respectively formed on the upper surface and lower surface of a ceramic substrate to form the primary side and the secondary side. A high DC voltage is applied to the primary side and the secondary side to polarize the ceramic material in between the upper and lower electrodes. The unpolarized portion of substrate still keeps the properties of a ceramic material and functions as an insulator of the primary and secondary sides. Therefore, the present invention functions as an insulation piezoelectric transformer.

Abstract: An acoustic power transformer includes: an input port adapted to receive an input signal; a transmitting acoustic transducer coupled to the input port and adapted to transmit an acoustic wave in response to the input signal received at the input port; a receiving acoustic transducer adapted to receive the acoustic wave and in response thereto to produce an output signal; an output port adapted to output the output signal; and an acoustic medium disposed in an acoustic wave propagation path between the transmitting acoustic transducer and the receiving acoustic transducer. In one case, at least one of the transmitting acoustic transducer and receiving acoustic transducer includes a Fresnel lens. In another case, the transformer includes an acoustic lens disposed in the acoustic wave propagation path between the transmitting acoustic transducer and the receiving acoustic transducer.

Abstract: The magnetic device according to the invention is integrated on a substrate and comprises at least one element made of piezoelectric material associated with actuating electrodes, and at least one magnetic element able to deform under the stress of the piezoelectric material element. The device has the form of a beam movable with respect to the substrate, and comprises two transverse parts of predetermined width, along a reference longitudinal axis. The piezoelectric material element is formed by at least a part of a transverse part and each transverse part comprises a zone for mechanical anchoring on the substrate. The transverse parts are connected by at least one central branch, of predetermined width, on which the magnetic element is arranged.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transformer driving apparatus and a piezoelectric transformer driving method, wherein even if there exists a variation between piezoelectric transformers, no unnecessary resonant points occur in the vicinity of a frequency used, that is, the output is stable for the frequency. For this purpose, the primary electrodes (1b, 2a) of a pair of piezoelectric transformers (1, 2) that exhibit potentials of mutually different signs on their respective secondary sides are connected to each other, while the piezoelectric transformers (1, 2) are connected in series with an AC power supply. An input voltage is applied between the primary electrodes (1a, 2b), and the outputs are supplied to a load, whereby even if there exists a variation between the vibrations of the piezoelectric transformers, it results in only a single resonant point existing.

Abstract: A vibrator includes a vibrating body having a substantially quadrangular prism shape and including four side surfaces extending in the longitudinal direction of the vibrating body. A common electrode is formed on substantially an entire surface of one of the side surfaces of the vibrating body. Split electrodes extend in the longitudinal direction on another side surface opposite to the side surface on which the common electrode is formed, and are spaced from each other in the width direction of the side surface on which the split electrodes are formed. In the vibrating body, a first polarized section is polarized in a direction from the side surfaces of the vibrating body that do not have an electrode disposed thereon, toward the split electrodes. A second polarized section is polarized in a direction from the side surfaces of the vibrating body that do not have an electrode disposed thereon, toward the common electrode.