Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator formed as a thin parallelepipedic quartz plate whose width is arranged along the electric axis X of the crystal, the length along an axis Y' and the thickness along an axis Z', wherein the axes Y' and Z' form an angle approximately equal to 24.degree. with the mechanical axis Y and the optical axis Z of the crystal, respectively, and the ratio w/l of its width to its length is approximately equal to 0.64.

Abstract: A face shear mode quartz crystal resonator having a vibrational portion and supporting portions incorporated therein by an etching method. A flexural portion of the supporting portion is connected with a central portion of a side of the vibrational portion. The width W and length L of the flexural portion connected with the vibrational portion are designed so as to meet "W.ltoreq.0.67L". The supporting portions are provided at the edges in the z'-axis direction of the vibrational portion which is substantially square and fixedly supported via both distal end portions of the supporting portions, and each side of the vibrational portion is from 0.72 mm to 2.02 mm.

Abstract: The piezoelectric resonator (1) comprises two plates (5,6) and at least two parallel bars (2 to 4) connecting the plates (5,6) to each other. The orientation of the quartz wafer in which the resonator (1) is cut and the arrangement of the electrodes (9 to 11, 15 to 17) on the bars (2 to 4) are such that these bars (2 to 4) vibrate in an elongation mode. The elongation mode of the bars is coupled to a plate and bar flexure mode to improve the thermal properties of the resonator. This resonator can be used in devices in which the dimensions of the resonator have to be as small as possible and/or in which its resonance frequency has to be as low as possible.

Abstract: A method for providing a curved composite ultrasound transducer of a relatively large size. A blank of piezoceramic material has its rear side reticulated with a series of relatively coarse grooves. The front side of the material is reticulated with a series of relatively deep fine grooves to provide a matrix of upstanding piezoceramic rods. The spaces between the rods on the front side of the blank are therefore filled with a curable polymeric resin (epoxy). The resin filling the blank spaces on the front side is partially cured. After partial curing, the blank is placed into a spherical compression mold and molded so that its front side is formed concave and its rear side convex. The resin is cured while holding the molded blank under pressure in the mold until the resin has cured. After curing, the blank is removed from the mold and the back side is ground away to provide a spherically curved transducer having a multiplicity of individual piezoceramic rods disposed in a matrix of cured resin.

Abstract: A switching matrix includes at least one array of piezoelectric relays whose cantilevered drive elements are in the form of a unitary, comb-shaped structure of the piezoceramic mateial. Each drive element carries adjacent its free end at least one movable contact for engagement with one or more fixed contacts in either single or double throw fashion. The movable contacts may be mounted on housing walls enclosing the relay array or on a separate substrate also mounting the drive element unitary structure. Row and column conductors or conductor pairs are connected into the relay contacts by non-intersecting conductor runs printed on the surfaces of the housing walls or on the substrate.

Abstract: An ultrasonic probe 1 for non-destructive material testing of slotted or hollowed pieces of material 2 and comprising a carrier 3 and a probe part 4 connected to said carrier, which probe part is formed with one or several piezo-electric crystals 5 provided at or adjacent the tip thereof and mounted at an angle to the longitudinal plane of the probe of between 45.degree. and 50.degree. and rotated around its own axis over an angle of about 45.degree.-47.degree.. The probe can be formed with two or several symmetrically arranged piezo-electric crystals for allowing a complete testing of the piece of material by one single docking operation in that the different crystals are connected in turn after each other. Further the probe may also be formed with one or several straight scanning piezo-electric crystals 6 mounted in the carrier 3.

Abstract: Process for the production of miniature piezoelectric devices using machining by laser and devices obtained by this process.The piezoelectric material formed by lithium niobate or lithium tantalate is cut by means of the laser.Application to the production or resonators and filters, which can be used in electronics.

Abstract: A pressure sensing transducer comprises a central region which comprises a potting material and which is surrounded by a helix of piezo electric coaxial cable. The transducer includes a barrier that suppresses transmission of external pressure variations to the central region. In addition, the overall radial stiffness of the potting material and barrier is sufficiently low that the electrical signal generated by the coaxial cable have a d.sub.31 polarity (corresponding to axial stretching and contracting of the cable).

Abstract: A resonant element force transducer comprising a doubled back beam comprising a single transducer element having a crossmember to one side of which there extends integrally formed therewith at least a pair of coplanar outer beams of substantially equal length and at least one inner beam coplanar with and disposed between the outer beams in substantially parallel fashion, the free ends of the outer beams being coupled to one of a first mounting pad and a second mounting pad, the free end of the at least one inner beam being coupled to the other of the first and second mounting pads.

Abstract: Microminiature resonant sensor structures are prepared according to micromachining/microfabrication techniques, which structures include thin-film deposits of piezoelectric materials. Such piezoelectric deposits may be excited electrically by including metallized conductive paths during fabrication, or optically. The resonant frequency of the sensor structure is varied by subjecting it to a physical variable, or measurand, such as pressure, temperature, flow rate, etc. Similarly, the resonant frequency of the devices may be detected electrically or optically. The microminiature resonant structures include ribbons and wires, hollow beam and cantilevered hollow beams, and single- and double-ended double beam resonant structures such as tuning forks.

Abstract: An ink jet recording head in which the ink in an ink cavity is jetted in the form of a droplet from an ink nozzle by utilizing a piezo-electric effect. The recording head includes a piezo-electric plate made of piezo-electric material and having a plurality of elongated ink cavities formed therein, and a cover plate fixedly placed on the piezo-electric plate. In one of the embodiments, each of the plurality of elongated ink cavities has two deep grooves formed in the longitudinal direction of the ink cavities and a shallow groove provided between the two deep grooves. Voltage applying electrodes are provided on piezo-electric portions which form the shallow grooves.

Abstract: In an ink jet print head wherein a plurality of pumping chambers are provided for receiving ink and individually discharging the ink on demand in droplet form. The pumping chambers are formed on a substrate and defined in part by a continuous film of piezoelectric material extending over the substrate. Electrodes are electrically coupled on opposite sides of the piezoelectric film and positioned to define a plurality of distinct, electrically pulsed ink droplet drive elements operatively associated individually with the plurality of pumping chambers. An orifice for each chamber causes ink to be ejected from the chamber in response to demand electrical pulsation of the drive element for the respective chamber.

Abstract: A switch is provided wherein a piezoelectric bimorph element is used to provide many separately controllable, closely spaced switchable contacts. The element includes at least two oppositely extending fingers connected by a common spine. The element spine is mounted to a case with the fingers spaced from an inner case surface. Electronic circuit means are mounted on the element spine for applying a separate electrical potential to each of the element fingers. A separate movable electrical contact is disposed on each of the element fingers spaced from the spine and insulated from the means for applying the separate electrical potentials to the fingers. A separate stationary contact is provided on an inner case surface opposite each of the movable contacts. In operations, a separate electrical potential is applied to each of the element fingers for selectively causing each finger to deflect and force its movable contact into electrical connection with the opposing stationary contact.

Abstract: A double resonator beam force transducer configured to minimize longitudinal pumping by making the beams vibrate symmetrically. This can be accomplished by making the boundary conditions of the beams symmetrical or, if the boundary conditions are nonsymmetric, then by biasing the beams inwardly or outwardly to compensate for the nonsymmetrical boundary conditions of the beams. In the nonsymmetrical case where the beams would bow outwardly at their fundamental resonant frequency or an odd overtone thereof, an inward bias is provided to minimize longitudinal pumping. In the nonsymmetrical case where the beams would bow inwardly at an even overtone of the fundamental resonant frequency, an outward bias is provided to minimize longitudinal pumping.

Abstract: A ring-supported quartz crystal resonator having a circular peripheral surt region encircling an inner resonator region which is configured in the form of a domed arch wherein the top and bottom surfaces thereof are, respectively, convex and concave. In one embodiment the radius of curvature of the convex and concave top and bottom surfaces are substantially equal so that an arch of substantially uniform thickness is provided. In a second embodiment, the convex and concave top and bottom surfaces have different radii of curvature and, more particularly, the radius of curvature of the top surface is less than the radius of curvature of the bottom surfaces whereby a thickness of the inner region gradually increases uniformly toward the center. Such structures exhibit low resistance and improved mode spectrum.

Abstract: A switch is provided wherein a piezoelectric bimorph element is used to provide many separately controllable, closely spaced switchable contacts. The element includes at least two oppositely extending fingers connected by a common spine. The element spine is mounted to a case with the fingers spaced from an inner case surface. Electronic circuit means are mounted on the element spine for applying a separate electrical potential to each of the element fingers. A separate movable electrical contact is disposed on each of the element fingers spaced from the spine and insulated from the means for applying the separate electrical potentials to the fingers. A separate stationary contact is provided on an inner case surface opposite each of the movable contacts. In operation, a separate electrical potential is applied to each of the element fingers for selectively causing each finger to deflect and force its movable contact into electrical connection with the opposing stationary contact.

Abstract: On the front face of a piezoelectric plate, electrodes split into an array form are disposed. Thus, there is provided a transducer of monolithic array type having an array of transducer elements operating independently, without cutting the piezoelectric plate. On the rear face of the piezoelectric plate, a plurality of grooves are formed to attenuate the Lamb wave propagating in the face direction while being reflected at the front face and the rear face.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a small volume bulk acoustic channelizer, which does not utilize light and thereby avoids the shortcomings of light-related channelizers including limited dynamic range and poor response to short pulses. The device is essentially a bulk acoustic analogue of an optical spectroscope.

Abstract: A method of assembling a stimulator for an inkjet printer by attaching separate piezoelectric elements to a plastic or metallic membrane sheet which sheet, after encapsulation of the piezoelectric transducers, may be cut into a plurality of stimulators. Each individual stimulator which now comprises a membrane, a piezoelectric element, and the encapsulating material can then be bonded to an ink fluid cavity.

Abstract: An isolation system which prevents energy from being transferred by the vibrating member of a resonator to its end mounts is formed by having isolator springs coupled to respective isolation masses. Each of the isolation masses is connected to a corresponding end mount. Each pair of isolator springs is angled in such a way that the axes of the isolator springs would intersect at a node located somewhere along the longitudinal axes of the vibrating member. Consequently, the axes of the isolator springs are positioned perpendicularly to loci of motions representing the direction of force and moment reactions produced at the roots of the vibrating member.

Abstract: A force transducer having a vibratory member either a beam or a string and means for effectively isolating the vibratory member from its end mounts over the range of its operating frequencies to eliminate energy loss to the mounts. The axial stresses, either tension or compression, are directly transferred to the vibratory member to affect its natural resonant frequency. Isolation at vibration frequencies is effected by the cooperation of combined isolator masses and isolator springs with the vibratory member. The isolator masses comprise two bars extending from each end support of the vibratory member, each being coextensive with a portion of the support member. The pairs of masses are axially separated. The isolator springs comprise two single thin, spaced resilient members, each isolator spring connecting a single end support of the member and a single transducer end mount.

Abstract: A vibration measurement head is used to measure the type of vibration set up in a magnetic head by the frictional contact of the magnetic head with magnetic media. The head is the same shape as such a magnetic head and consists of piezoelectric material in which vibration generates an electrical charge. This charge is measured, thereby providing a simulated measurement of the vibration occuring in a magnetic head.

Abstract: A comb-shaped piezoelectric unit, such as may be used for a mechanical signal source or in a display device for displaying raised letters for reading by blind persons. The piezoelectric unit includes a plurality of strip-shaped drive members extending from a common base part, a first metal electrode layer on each of the drive members with the first metal electrode layers among the drive members being insulated from one another, and a common metal electrode layer formed on the other side of the drive members, connected commonly to all drive members. To construct a display device for the blind, pins are attached to the free ends of each of the drive members, the pins being protrudable through respective holes in a rigid plate when the corresponding drive members are actuated by applying a voltage thereto.

Abstract: A resonator or filter which comprises a bar (1) of piezoelectric material provided with electrodes (2,3) which are spaced from the two ends of the bar. In operation, thickness shear vibrations occur between the electrodes and the bar width to thickness ratio is such that said vibrations in turn produce Nth harmonic flexure vibrations which propagate across the bar width, N being an even number. In order to accelerate the rate of decay of the vibrations towards the (supported and hence energy-absorbant) ends of the bar, and thus to reduce the distance between the electrodes and the ends of the bar for a given quality factor, (N/2-1) slots (4), some of which may be omitted, are provided in each of these ends so that each end is divided into N/2 prongs (5) of equal width.

Abstract: In a pressure transducer of the piezoelectric type, a resonator (10) is made up of a pellet (16) mounted inside an element designed to be subjected to the action of a pressure on its exterior face (18). The pellet (16) and the element (12) are cut in the same quartz block, using a cut which provides two vibration modes. The forces resulting from the external pressure are transmitted to the edge of the pellet (16) by connecting bridges (22, 23) whose orientation is chosen so that one of the vibration modes has maximum sensitivity to the forces while the other mode has a practically zero sensitivity.

Abstract: In a piezoelectric transducer (10) an external element (12) of tubular form receives a pressure, notably a pressure to be measured, on its external face (16). It is cut in a quartz crystal in one piece with a plate (25) capable of vibrating under the action of an electric stress and extending in a plane parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tubular element inside the latter. Each of the longitudinal edges of the plate is connected by a transverse connecting element (30, 31) to the internal face (14) of the tubular element so as to transmit forces (F1 and F2) resulting from the application of the external pressure to the plate (25) in a direction substantially parallel to its plane and perpendicular to the axis of the tubular element (12).

Abstract: A ceramic resonator including an elongated piezoelectric ceramic platelet having an indentation formed in the center in the longitudinal direction, a polarization in the thickness direction where the polarization occurs at least in the indentation; first and second main surfaces; first and third metal thin film electrodes formed on said first main surface and second and fourth metal thin film electrodes formed on said second main surface, the third electrode being separated from the first electrode and the fourth electrode separated from the second electrode where the resonator has a constant vibration based on the dimensions of the region associated with the indentation the vibration being generated at the narrow part when an electrical signal is applied to the electrodes. Moreover, a ceramic filter consisting of plurality of the ceramic resonators connected in series can also be configured.

Abstract: A support structure for a vibrator comprising a casing having two sets of conical projections formed therein so as to confront each other, and a support framework supporting the vibrator at nodes of vibration thereof. The vibrator is supported within the casing with the support framework sandwiched between the tips of the respective projections of those two sets at the associated nodes of vibration of the support structure.

Abstract: In a quartz crystal microresonator of the type including first and second stem portions, a pair of integral tines extending between the stem portions, a slot between the tines, the slot having opposed crotches where the tines join the stem portions, and a plurality of electrodes mounted on each of the tines, spaced along the lengths thereof, the electrodes being adapted for receipt of an AC voltage for causing the tines to oscillate, there are disclosed several different electrode configurations to optimize resonator performance when operating in the fundamental and first and second overtone flexure modes. The electrodes change polarity along the length of the tines at points where the second derivative of displacement changes polarity.

Abstract: A piezoelectric printer including: a frame; a plurality of printer units mounted on the frame; each unit including an asymmetric piezoelectric bender including one or more piezoelectric members and having a mounting portion and an actuating portion, the actuating portion being moveable in an actuating direction; the bender being tapered in its lateral dimension and being larger at the mounting portion and smaller at the actuating portion; first and second metal reinforcing layers externally mounted on said bender, the first on the side of the actuating direction, the second on the opposite side; and a printing element driven by the actuating portion; means for applying an actuating voltage to the bender in the poling direction for actuating the bender to drive the printing element to the printing position and guide means attached to the frame for guiding the printing elements; the printer units are arranged in sets of stacked arrays, which may be overlapped and may include holes in each of the inferior printe

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to an improved strip type or rectangular type piezoelectric resonator utilizing length mode vibration, which includes a piezoelectric ceramic substrate, and first and second main electrode faces formed on opposite surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic substrate, and which is characterized in that there is further provided a groove formed in one of the first and second main electrode faces so as to extend over an entire length of the piezoelectric ceramic substrate in a direction parallel to its longitudinal direction, and at a position deviated from a center in a widthwise direction of the piezoelectric ceramic substrate by more than 2% of the width of the piezoelectric ceramic substrate.

Abstract: An arrangement is disclosed for piezoelectric resonators utilizing linear and parallel sides or flats located on the periphery and opposite ends of the resonator. These sides are located normal to the axes wherein collinear forces applied to the resonator produce a desired effect upon its natural resonant frequency. For mechanical sensor applications this effect is maximized while for applications requiring a stable frequency or time base this effect is minimized. The outline peripheral shape of the resonators utilizing this mounting arrangement varies in accordance with the crystallographic orientation present in each resonator.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transducer for use in a piezoelectric loud speaker includes a metallic plate and a piezoelectric wafer fixed to at least one face of the metallic plate, a first end of the piezoelectric transducer being adapted to be clamped to the frame of the loud speaker and a second end being adapted to be connected to a cone diaphragm in the loud speaker, the ratio of the width of the transducer at its first end being less than its maximum width, and the ratio of as maximum width to its effective length being between 0.75 and 3.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave filter comprises aluminum input and output transducers, an aluminum 3db coupler, an aluminum reflector, and a triangularly configured substrate constructed from lithium niobate. In a specific configuration the lengths of the sides of the substrate are equal to approximately 6.06, 9.25 and 11.05 millimeters respectively. The triangular configuration not only reduces the amount of substrate material required but also attenuates the degree of signal reflection encountered.

Abstract: A ZT-cut quartz crystal resonator comprises two thin rectangular plates connected together by at least one resonant arm which itself is connected to a support zone by a linking bar. A pair of electrodes is provided on the quartz resonator for receiving alternating electrical signals of opposite polarity for effecting in-phase contour-mode vibration of the plates while making the arms to vibrate in opposite phase to the plates.

Abstract: A single beam force transducer has a beam characterized by a thickened central portion and tapered outward portions. The support members of the transducer are thickened and are thus stiffer while the isolator masses are shortened. These critical configuration changes raise the undesirable "tuning fork" resonant frequency of the beam supporting structure far above that of the beam and ensures that the isolating structure behaves as a rigid body.

Abstract: A piezoelectric rotary actuator including: a rotatable member; a spiral member fixed at its inner end to the rotatable member; one or more piezoelectric layers attached on one or both sides of the spiral member; means for rotatably supporting the rotatable member relative to the outer portion of the spiral member; and an electrode for applying a voltage across the piezoelectric layer or layers, to bend the spiral and rotate the rotatable member.

Abstract: A linear array for rectilinear and sector scan imaging has identical approximately diamond-shaped transducer elements fabricated by making two pairs of straight line cuts at small angles through a piezoelectric slab. The Y-axis radiation pattern (parallel to element length and perpendicular to the array length) has lower side lobe levels than equal sized rectangular elements. No changes in the imager electronics among channels is required, and the shading function may be modified by changing only the transducer.

Abstract: A mounting structure for crystal resonators used as frequency standards and transducers which maximizes performance and reduces the sensitivity to environmental errors. In one embodiment, force sensitive crystal resonators having inherent unmounted temperature sensitivities are used in conjunction with reactive spring-like mounting arrangements having predetermined temperature stress characteristics such that the thermally induced mechanical stress of the mounting arrangements changes, compensates, and optimizes the overall combined temperature characteristics. In another embodiment crystal resonators are isolated from the external environment so that they are capable of sensing forces while operating in a vacuum or inert atmosphere. Environmental isolation is provided by bellows and/or diaphragm arrangements used alone or in conjunction with air-tight enclosures which enable forces to be applied to stress-sensitive crystals while isolating the crystals from the external force producing environment.

Abstract: A rotative motor includes a member mounted to rotate freely. A pair of triangular piezoelectric bimorph elements are excited from a source of alternating current so that free tip ends of the respective elements vibrate ninety degrees out of phase. The central point of an elastic member connected between the free ends of the elements is in frictional contact with the rotatable member. The central point exhibits a closed loop path, imparting a rotary motion to the rotatable member.

Abstract: The ultrasonic transducer contains a plurality of adjacently positioned piezoelectric segments which are arranged concentrically. Each of the segments contains a number of linear parallel grooves, whereby these grooves define spaced surface areas therebetween. Each of the surface areas comprises respectively a piezoelectric element. The individual grooves are approximately annular when the segments are assembled. They decouple the piezoelectric elements acoustically from each other. Preferably, the segments each have a triangular shape.

Abstract: A data recording sheet in which data signals are stored in a polarizable macromolecular material sheet layer with polarization different locally in the direction of the surfaces of said sheet layer. The sheet layer causes pyroelectric or piezo-electric polarization through polarization operation, and the data signals thus stored are reproduced in a pyroelectric or piezo-electric mode. The polarizable macromolecular material sheet layer is laminated through a thin intermediate electrode layer on a macromolecular substrate layer whose Young's modulus is greater than that of the sheet layer.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator plate capable of excitation to thickness shear vibrations is provided on each of its large surfaces with a respective excitation electrode and is provided, at least in partial regions of its border, a thickness decreasing in the direction of the border of the plate in the form of a beveling, whereby in the region of such a border beveling, respectively, a connection member contacts one of the excitation electrodes.

Abstract: A transducer for driving a spoke of a ring laser gyroscope is fastened at a point of neutral radius on the spoke. The transducer may be a piezoelectric crystal provided with a pair of electrodes which are driven in push-pull by an AC voltage to dither the gyroscope.

Abstract: An H-type ceramic resonator having two resonating leaves, a connecting leaf for bridging the two resonating leaves to form an H-shape, and electrodes disposed on at least both surfaces of the resonating leaves. The resonator has a dimensional relationship which falls within the following equities:B.sub.2 /B.sub.3 =4 to 6,B.sub.1 /B.sub.3 =2 to 4, andL/B.sub.1 =5 to 6wherein L is a length of each of the resonating leaves, B.sub.1 is a width of each of the resonating leaves, B.sub.2 is a distance between the two resonating leaves, and B.sub.3 is a width of the connecting leaf.

Abstract: A generally flat, relatively thin AT-cut piezoelectric resonator element structured to minimize the force-frequency effect when mounted and energized in a housing. The resonator is in the form of an equilateral hexagon with the X crystallographic axis of the crystal passing through one set of opposing corners with mounting being effected at an adjacent set of corners respectively .+-.60.degree. away from the X axis which thereby results in a substantially zero frequency shift of the operating frequency.

Abstract: A thickness shear type piezoelectric vibrator comprises a quartz crystal plate of uniform thickness having a rectangular vibrating portion and integral rectangular supporting portions of less width extending from opposite ends of the vibrating portion. Electrodes of conducting material have elongated rectangular active portions on obverse and reverse surfaces of the vibrating portions of the plate. The electrode on the obverse surface of the plate has an integral lead portion extending along the obverse surface of only one of the supporting portions. The electrode on the reverse surface of the plate has an integral lead portion extending along the reverse surface of the other only of the supporting portions so that an electric field is applied by the electrodes only to the vibrating portion of the plate and not to the supporting portions.

Abstract: A contour vibration mode piezoelectric resonator has a vibrating portion and at least one supporting portion integrally connected to the vibrating portion by way of a bridge portion. The supporting portion comprises a resilient portion directly connected to the vibrating portion, an attenuation portion integrally connected to the resilient portion and which is insubstantially displaced by vibration during use and a fixing portion fixable on a supporting member and which is either integrally connected to or forms a part of the attenuation portion.

Abstract: A piezoelectric plate is formed in a configuration defined by four sides, each pair of two adjacent sides defining an angle of each corner. In the case where the piezoelectric plate is configured as a rectangle or a parallelogram, two opposite sides have the same longer length, while the remaining opposite two sides have the same shorter length. For the purpose of suppressing a spurious vibration, the side ratio of the shorter side to the longer side is selected to be 0.7 to 0.98 in the range where no influence is exerted upon a vibration of the fundamental wave. In the case where the piezoelectric plate is configured as a parallelogram or a rhombus, it follows that two opposite angles out of the four angles are the same obtuse angle, while the remaining two opposite angles are the same acute angle. For the purpose of suppressing a spurious vibration, the above described acute angle is selected to be 75.degree. to 89.degree. in the range where no influence is exerted upon a vibration of the fundamental wave.

Abstract: The invention relates to piezoelectric and pyroelectric transducers whose active element is formed by a polymer film. The invention provides a process for manufacturing a transducer from a flat polymer film which consists in stretching this film over a mold so as to give it a self-supporting form and to electroform this film by means of a corona discharge.