Abstract: A rear substrate in a plasma display panel including a first substrate through which an image is transmitted to a viewer, and the rear substrate arranged in facing relation to the first substrate, includes (a) an electrically insulating substrate, (b) a plurality of data electrodes arranged on the substrate and spaced away from one another, (c) a plurality of partition walls formed on the substrate, and (d) a phosphor layer covering the substrate and the data electrodes therewith between adjacent partition walls, wherein at least one partition wall and another partition wall among the partition walls are joined to each other at at least one of opposite ends thereof in a length-wise direction through a curved partition wall, the another partition wall extending in the same direction as a direction in which the at least one partition wall extends.

Abstract: A joining material like an In film having a low melting point forms a surface oxide film when melted. If the oxide film is thick, an uneven surface shape will remain as it is, and can cause vacuum leakage during vacuum sealing. This problem is solved, for example, by placing particles of a refractory material inside the low melting joining material. The particles of the refractory material serve as a holding member for the low melting material and break the oxide film during a joining operation to bring the seal bonding with the low melting material to perfection.

Abstract: A preferred embodiment of the invention is directed to support structures such as spacers used to provide a uniform distance between two layers of a device. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the spacers may be formed utilizing flow-fill deposition of a wet film in the form of a precursor such as silicon dioxide. Formation of spacers in this manner provides a homogenous amorphous support structure that may be used to provide necessary spacing between layers of a device such as a flat panel display.

Abstract: The source of electrons is a nanotip in a vacuum as used in near field microscopy. The source of ions is a similar nanotip in vacuum supplied with liquid metal (gallium) as in a liquid-metal ion source. Electrons or ions from this nanometre-sized tip are extracted by centralising the tip over an aperture plate and applying a suitable voltage to the tip. The electrons (ions) pass through this plate and are accelerated up to several keV using a nanoscale/microscale accelerating column before being focussed using further microscale (or nanoscale) cylindrical lenses. The final element is an aberration corrected miniature (or sub-miniature) einzel lens which can focus the beam at several millimetres from the end of the instrument.

Abstract: An FED has a cathode, an anode and an insulating supporting device. The cathode has a plurality of cathode electron emitter layers and a cathode substrate. The cathode has a plurality of cathode ribs disposed on the cathode substrate, and the cathode ribs are used for laterally separating any respective two cathode ribs. The anode has a phosphors layer and an anode substrate. The insulating supporting device is arranged between the cathode ribs and the anode, and has a reflection layer facing the anode and a gate made of a conductive material and disposed above the cathode ribs. The reflection layer is capable of reflecting light emitted from the phosphors layer.

Abstract: A field emission display (FED) having a grid plate with spacer structure and fabrication method thereof. A first wplate having first electrodes and electron emitters on a first surface is provided. A second plate having second electrodes and phosphor regions on a second surface is also provided, wherein the second surface is opposite the first surface. A grid plate with spacer structure and passages having grid electrodes is positioned between the two plates to maintain a predetermined interval. When a specific voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, electrons extracted from the electron emitters are accelerated by the grid electrodes through the passages to impact the phosphor regions.

Abstract: An image display device of a high quality, in which the variation of heights between adjoining spacers is reduced by measuring the heights of spacers to arrange the spacers from the end in the sequential order of heights so that the mechanical precision of the spacers need not be strictly managed.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a spacer provided therebetween and providing an atmospheric pressure resistant structure of a vacuum container formed between the first and second substrates. First and second support members are provided outside an image display area, with the first and second support members being joined together. An electrode is formed on either one of the first and second substrates, bearing the second support member, and is electrically joined to the second support member by a spring contact portion.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes a first substrate, and a second substrate opposing the first substrate with a predetermined gap therebetween. Barrier ribs are mounted between the first substrate and the second substrate, and define a plurality of discharge cells. At least one row of every three rows of the discharge cells is formed in an open configuration to thereby realize open discharge cells, and the other rows of the discharge cells excluding the at least one row include discharge cells formed in a closed configuration to thereby realize closed discharge cells.

Abstract: An electron beam apparatus in which a spacer having a high-resistance film coating a surface of a base material is inserted between a rear plate having electron emitting elements and row-direction wires, and a faceplate having a metal back. The row-direction wires and the metal back are electrically connected via the high-resistance film. An electric field near an electron emitting element near the spacer is maintained to substantially constant irrespective of the positional relationship between the spacer and the electron emitting element near the spacer. When a sheet resistance value of the high-resistance film on a first facing surface of the spacer that faces a row-direction wire is represented by R1, and a sheet resistance value of the high-resistance film on a side surface adjacent to the electron emitting element is represented by R2, R2/R1 is 10 to 200.

Abstract: A field emission device for displaying images with good quality is provided. The field emission device includes an anode plate, an anode electrode and a phosphor layer are formed inside of the anode plate, a cathode plate, a plurality of electron emission sources for emitting electrons which correspond to the phosphor layer and a gate electrode having gate holes through which the electrons pass are formed inside of the cathode plate, a mesh grid which is provided between the cathode plate and the anode plate and in which a plurality of electron-controlling holes are formed in a region corresponding to the gate holes, a spacer which supports the mesh grid between the anode plate and the mesh grid, and insulating layers which are formed on both sides of the mesh grid and have windows through which the plurality of electron-controlling holes are exposed and which correspond to a region where the plurality of electron-controlling holes are formed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vacuum display device comprising a display screen (30) having picture elements (35), cathode means (20) for generating a plurality of electron beams (EB), each corresponding to one of the picture elements (35), and addressing means (41,42) for addressing the picture element (35) through modulation of the intensity of an electron beam corresponding to the picture element (35). A channel structure (10) is arranged adjacent the cathode means (20). The channel structure (10) comprises a plurality of electron beam guidance cavities (15), each corresponding to one of the picture elements (35), and protects the cathode means (20) from incident ions. The exit (17) of the cavity (15) is smaller than the entrance (16), so that an electron beam (EB) exiting from the cavity (15) has a particularly high brightness and spatial uniformity.

Abstract: A device includes a first substrate having a phosphor screen and a second substrate opposed to the first substrate across a gap and having a plurality of electron emission sources for exciting the phosphor screen. A spacer assembly for supporting an atmospheric load that acts on the first and second substrates is provided between the substrates. The spacer assembly has a plate-shaped grid and spacers set up on the grid. The volume resistance of the spacers is gradually reduced from the grid side toward the substrate side.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus including an electron-source substrate having a plurality of cold-cathode electron emitting elements, each having an electron emitting portion and a pair of element electrodes, an acceleration electrode for applying an acceleration voltage operating on electrons emitted from the electron emitting elements, disposed so as to face the electron emitting elements, a spacer disposed between the electron-source substrate and the acceleration electrode, a wiring portion formed on the electron-source substrate for driving the electron emitting elements, these components being accommodated within an envelope, an electron-trajectory correcting electrode for correcting beam deviation due to charging of the spacer is provided near an electron emitting element near the spacer.

Abstract: A plasma display panel configuration helps to prevent unwanted discharge generation in cells adjacent to excited discharge cells and to improve picture quality of the plasma display panel. An exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes barrier ribs for partitioning off discharge cells, wherein edge parts of the cross sectional shape of the barrier ribs are lower than central parts of the cross sectional shape of the barrier ribs and can have a number of distinctive shapes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas discharge panel on which color images are accurately displayed and which is easy to manufacture. The first and the second substrates face each other across an interval, forming a discharge space in between, which is filled with a discharge gas. Pairs of electrodes for sustaining discharge are provided on at least one of the two substrates, and phosphor layers are formed on the first substrate, arranged along the electrode pairs to form a matrix of discharge cells. An image is displayed by selectively illuminating discharge cells. Gap members having a given shape are provided between the first and second substrates at locations corresponding to the boundaries between discharge cells.

Abstract: In an organic EL panel having a device glass substrate provided with an organic EL element on a surface thereof, a sealing glass substrate attached to the device glass substrate and a desiccant layer formed on a surface of the sealing glass substrate, spacers are disposed between a cathode of the organic EL element and the desiccant layer. A heat-conductive layer can be formed on a surface of the sealing glass substrate including a pocket portion. The heat-conductive layer can be formed by vapor depositing or sputtering a metal layer such as a Cr layer or an Al layer. This inhibits damaging the organic EL element and increases a heat dissipating ability, thereby inhibiting deterioration of a device property caused by temperature rise.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes first and second substrates that are substantially parallel to each other with a predetermined gap therebetween. The substrates include a display region and a non-display region. Barrier ribs are mounted between the first and second substrates within the display region and define discharge cells. The barrier ribs include an outermost barrier rib located at an edge of the display region. Dummy barrier ribs are mounted between the first and second substrates within the non-display region. The dummy barrier ribs include a first sub barrier rib disposed at a predetermined distance from the outermost barrier rib, and at least one second sub barrier rib connected to the first sub barrier rib and the outermost barrier rib.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a supporting spacer mounting structure and method for a field emission display. By using a supporting spacer structure being cross-shaped or rectangle-shaped and being made of glass, ceramics or metal, and employing the vacuum adsorption of a clipping arm with special design and the real time monitoring of a monitoring lens, the position-aligning is preliminarily performed on a supporting spacer, and then the supporting spacer is positioned on a required location so as to provide the supporting force needed by a display.

Abstract: A cathode plate of a field emission display comprising a cathode substrate of the field emission display and a plurality of linear isolation barriers each having a length and a thickness and attached to a top surface of the cathode substrate. The plurality of linear isolation barriers are spaced at intervals such that electron emitter lines can be formed between respective ones of the plurality of linear isolation barriers. In one embodiment, the linear isolation barriers comprise ribs attached to the top surface of the cathode substrate. In some embodiments, the linear isolation barriers are adapted to contact gate wires of a gate frame of the field emission display positioned above the cathode substrate to dampen driving frequency vibrations in the gate wires.

Abstract: A plasma display device disclosed herein is capable of enhancing the contrast of external light, facilitating application of phosphor paste on the bottom of each space surrounded by lattice-like barrier ribs, and reducing a variation in the amount of the phosphor paste applied as much as possible. The lattice-like barrier ribs include lateral ribs extending along a first direction while being nearly in parallel to each other, and vertical ribs extending along a second direction different from the first direction while being nearly in parallel to each other. Each of the lateral ribs is composed of two or more rows of rib elements. Notches for communicating spaces surrounded by the vertical ribs and the lateral ribs to each other in the first direction and/or the second direction are formed at least in portions of the vertical ribs and/or the lateral ribs.

Abstract: An image displaying apparatus having a first plate including at least an electron beam source, and a second plate including an anode to which an electric potential for accelerating an electron beam from the electron beam source is applied, and a potential regulating electrode to which a predetermined electric potential lower than that of the anode is applied. The potential regulating electrode is situated at an outside of the anode. A spacing member is provided between the first and second plates, and contacts both of the anode and the potential regulating electrode. The spacing member includes an electrode contacting or being disposed close to the potential regulating electrode thereby being electrically connected with the potential regulating electrode. The electrode included in the spacing member contacts or is disposed close to an electrode included in the first plate, thereby electrically connecting with the electrode included in the first plate.

Abstract: The disclosed method for forming a field emission display includes forming a cathode and an anode, forming a plurality of photoresist posts over the cathode, and coating the posts with a coating material. The coating material forms sidewalls around the posts. The photoresist posts may then be removed from within the sidewalls. The anode may then be fitted onto the sidewalls so that the sidewalls function as spacers in the field emission display.

Abstract: A technique for correcting an electron trajectory and preventing positional deviation of a light emitting point in an image display apparatus is disclosed. The image display apparatus includes a rear plate which is provided with an electron source having electron-emitting devices, a plurality of wiring electrodes for supplying a drive signal to the electron-emitting devices, a face plate disposed to be opposed to the rear plate and a spacer which is arranged between the face plate and the rear plate and is provided with a spacer electrode on a contact surface which is in contact with the rear plate. And, this image display apparatus is unique in that a distance L1 between a first wiring electrode and a center of a first electron-emitting region and a distance L2 between a second wiring electrode and a center of a second electron-emitting region satisfy a relationship L1>L2.

Abstract: A spacer on which static electricity is restricted and an electron beam apparatus in which the spacer is provided. In the electron beam apparatus comprising an electron source provided with electron emission devices, a face plate provided with anodes and spacers installed between the electron source and the face plate, unevenness is formed on the surface of the spacer substrate, and further a thin film which has a smaller thickness than a roughness. This makes possible the restriction of incident angle multiplication coefficient for the primary electrons whose energy is lower than the second cross-point energy of a resistive film. The electron beam apparatus provided with the above spacer is excellent in display definition and long-term reliability since the display of light emission points and the creeping discharge accompanying the static electricity can be restricted due to the spacer.

Abstract: A cathode plate of field emission display comprising a cathode substrate of the field emission display having a thickness and one or more in-laid linear isolation barriers formed within the thickness of a top surface of the cathode substrate. The one or more in-laid linear isolation barriers are adapted to contain electron emitter lines, wherein the one or more in-laid linear isolation barriers provide field isolation between respective ones of the electron emitter lines. In one embodiment, the in-laid isolation barriers comprise trenches. In some embodiments, portions of the top surface in between in-laid isolation barriers are adapted to contact gate wires of a gate frame positioned over the cathode substrate in order to dampen driving frequency vibrations in the gate wires.

Abstract: A plurality of independent spacers are arranged between a first substrate provided with an image display surface having a plurality of phosphor layers corresponding to pixels, individually, and a second substrate provided with a plurality of electron sources which excite the phosphor layers, individually. Each of the spacers is located so that a center thereof is situated off a straight line which connects respective pixel centers of two adjacent phosphor layers.

Abstract: A rear substrate in a plasma display panel including a first substrate through which an image is transmitted to a viewer, and the rear substrate arranged in facing relation to the first substrate, includes (a) an electrically insulating substrate, (b) a plurality of data electrodes arranged on the substrate and spaced away from one another, (c) a plurality of partition walls formed on the substrate, and (d) a phosphor layer covering the substrate and the data electrodes therewith between adjacent partition walls, wherein at least one partition wall and another partition wall among the partition walls are joined to each other at at least one of opposite ends thereof in a length-wise direction through a curved partition wall, the another partition wall extending in the same direction as a direction in which the at least one partition wall extends.

Abstract: A plasma display panel comprises a plurality of red, green and blue display units arranged on a substrate, so as to form plural red, green, blue display unit channels whose directions are aligned towards a ventilation hole located on the substrate, for facilitating gas charge or discharge in a good speed.

Abstract: A plasma display device disclosed herein is capable of enhancing the contrast of external light, facilitating application of phosphor paste on the bottom of each space surrounded by lattice-like barrier ribs, and reducing a variation in the amount of the phosphor paste applied as much as possible. The lattice-like barrier ribs include lateral ribs extending along a first direction while being nearly in parallel to each other, and vertical ribs extending along a second direction different from the first direction while being nearly in parallel to each other. Each of the lateral ribs is composed of two or more rows of rib elements. Notches for communicating spaces surrounded by the vertical ribs and the lateral ribs to each other in the first direction and/or the second direction are formed at least in portions of the vertical ribs and/or the lateral ribs.

Abstract: A plasma display device disclosed herein is capable of enhancing the contrast of external light, facilitating application of phosphor paste on the bottom of each space surrounded by lattice-like barrier ribs, and reducing a variation in the amount of the phosphor paste applied as much as possible. The lattice-like barrier ribs include lateral ribs extending along a first direction while being nearly in parallel to each other, and vertical ribs extending along a second direction different from the first direction while being nearly in parallel to each other. Each of the lateral ribs is composed of two or more rows of rib elements. Notches for communicating spaces surrounded by the vertical ribs and the lateral ribs to each other in the first direction and/or the second direction are formed at least in portions of the vertical ribs and/or the lateral ribs.

Abstract: A vacuum fluorescent display includes a front glass member, substrate, phosphor film, an electron-emitting portion, electron extracting electrode, and insulating support member. The front glass member has light transmission properties at least partly. The substrate opposes the front glass member through a vacuum space. The phosphor film is formed on that surface of the front glass member which opposes the substrate and has a predetermined display pattern. The electron-emitting portion is mounted on the substrate to oppose the phosphor film, and has an electron-emitting surface corresponding to the display pattern. The electron extracting electrode is arranged in the vacuum space between the electron-emitting portion and the phosphor film to be spaced apart from the electron-emitting portion by a predetermined distance.

Abstract: A plasma display device disclosed herein is capable of enhancing the contrast of external light, facilitating application of phosphor paste on the bottom of each space surrounded by lattice-like barrier ribs, and reducing a variation in the amount of the phosphor paste applied as much as possible. The lattice-like barrier ribs include lateral ribs extending along a first direction while being nearly in parallel to each other, and vertical ribs extending along a second direction different from the first direction while being nearly in parallel to each other. Each of the lateral ribs is composed of two or more rows of rib elements. Notches for communicating spaces surrounded by the vertical ribs and the lateral ribs to each other in the first direction and/or the second direction are formed at least in portions of the vertical ribs and/or the lateral ribs.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a spacer that defines the spacing between the first substrate and the second substrate. The spacer has a portion ruggedized with grooves on the surface thereof exposed in the space between the first substrate and the second substrate. The grooves extend in a striped fashion substantially parallel with the first substrate and the second substrate. The ruggedized portion includes a plurality of regions, which are different from each other, in the ruggedized configuration. The image-forming apparatus thus controls an electron beam with a high accuracy, with no disturbance caused by the spacer.

Abstract: An electrode pair structure of a plasma display panel (PDP). The electrode pair structure includes a first metal electrode, and a second metal electrode in parallel with the first metal electrode, installed on a front substrate. The first metal electrode and the second metal electrode are both composed of a series of hollow and hexagonal metal structures.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is disclosed, which prevents luminance from being reduced, prevents error discharge from occurring due to crosstalk, and improves exhaust ability. Auxiliary barriers or projections are formed in a boundary portion between respective cells in a stripe type barrier structure. Alternatively, a predetermined groove is formed in a predetermined position of a dielectric layer in a lattice shaped barrier structure. In addition to these barriers, second barriers are formed at a greater width or at constant intervals. Thus, exhaust ability can be improved, and error discharge due to crosstalk can be prevented from occurring. Also, luminance in corner portions of the cell can be improved, and contrast can be improved even if a black matrix is not formed.

Abstract: Inside an outer frame, which is interposed at between opposedly facing peripheries between a back substrate and a front substrate, there is an inner frame which fixes both end portions of plate member control electrodes, which are constituted of a large number of parallel strip-like electrode elements. By integrally forming the plate member control electrodes such that the plate member control electrodes are fixed to both end portions of a display region, a single part is formed. Further, a getter chamber is formed between the outer frame and the inner frame and getters are accommodated in the getter chamber. Due to such a constitution, the operability and yield rate of products at the time of assembling can be enhanced. Further, it is possible to hold a desired degree of vacuum in the space between the substrates for a long time.

Abstract: Disclosed is a member for display apparatus used in a display apparatus comprising a back panel 1 on which electron sources are provided and a front panel 2 that are disposed to oppose the back panel 1 via spacers 3, said member comprising a ceramic that has a Young's modulus (E) of not lower than 120 GPa, a specific rigidity (E/?) of not lower than 40×109 cm, a coefficient of linear expansion of 7.5×10?6 to 10×10?6/° C. in a temperature range from ordinary temperature to 400° C., and a void-occupying area ratio of 6% or less. This member allows it to prevent the accuracy of the apparatus from lowering and cracks from occurring.

Abstract: A light-emitting display device includes a substrate and light-emitting layers constituting pixels on a surface of the substrate in which light emission is electrically controlled for every pixel. The light-emitting display device further includes barriers delimiting at least one side of each pixel. On the surface of the substrate, at least part of a region that corresponds to each pixel has irregularities for light scattering. The difference between the maximum height and the minimum height of the irregularities is at least 0.4 ?m. The barriers and the irregularities are formed by sandblasting the surface of the substrate. The irregularities reduce attenuation of light by total reflection in the interior of the substrate and improve brightness of the device.

Abstract: An electron beam device comprising an electron source having an electron-emitting device, a member to be irradiated with an electron beam disposed opposite to the electron source, and an electrically conductive spacer disposed between the electron source and the member to be irradiated with the electron beam, is characterized in that an electrode is disposed along an end portion of the spacer on the electron source side, and the electrode is disposed inside a region of a surface of the end portion of the spacer which is directed toward the electron source side.

Abstract: Structures for field emission displays and methods of making and using such structures are provided. In one implementation, a cathode plate of a field emission display includes a cathode substrate of the field emission display and a plurality of emitter lines formed on the cathode substrate. In another implementation, an anode plate of a field emission display includes a transparent piece of the field emission display and a plurality of phosphor lines formed on the transparent piece. The plurality of phosphor lines are to be aligned with and receive electrons from a plurality of emitter lines of a cathode substrate of the field emission display.

Abstract: A plasma display panel that is capable of improving a contrast as well as reducing the power consumption. In the plasma display panel, a distance between the sustaining electrode pair at a display region is different from that at a non-display region. A width of the barrier rib at the display region is different from that at the non-display region. The non-display region is provided with black matrices for shutting off a light. A protective layer is provided only at the display region.

Abstract: An electron beam apparatus including a hermetic container provided with an electron source, in which, when a first member is arranged in the hermetic container, at least part of the first member is coated with a film, and the film is configured in such a manner that it includes two regions, a first region and a second region different in electron density from the first region and the second region forms a network in the first region. This three-dimensional network structure allows a member being charged to be preferably controlled. Thereby, it is possible to control the effects of a member being charged which is used in an electron beam apparatus.

Abstract: A rib structure for a display device includes a light-transmissive rib structure containing therein a material absorbent of visible light so that a visible light absorption distance is 40 to 1200 ?m (the visible light absorption distance L (?m) means a distance such that visible light decreases to exp(?T/L) times less in connection to the travel distance T (?m), that is, visible light is absorbed by 1-exp(?T/L)).

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a glass spacer intended to keep two substrates spaced apart, its glass matrix having a volume electronic conductivity advantageously between 10?13 and 10?5 ohm?1·cm?1. According to a variant of the invention, the glass spacer has a modulus of elasticity of greater than 90 GPA.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus is disclosed which includes, within an enclosure configured by a pair of substrates placed face to face and an external frame placed between the substrates, an electron source placed on one of the pair of substrates, an image formation material placed on the other substrate, and spacers placed between the substrates, characterized in that the spacers and the external frame is conductive and device is provided for electrically connecting the spacers and the external frame so that the equipotential surfaces between the spacers and the external frame are quasi-parallel when driven.

Abstract: In order to obtain light of a high luminance in a gas discharge tube of the present invention, a discharge path is narrowed by a first opening 18 and a second opening 13 in collaboration. Further, in order to provide favorable startability in a lamp even when the discharge path is narrowed, a predetermined voltage is applied from the outside to first and second discharge path limiting portions 16, 12. As a result, an active starting discharge which is capable of passing through the first and second openings is produced between a cathode portion 20 and the first and second discharge path limiting portions 16, 12, and thus discharge between the cathode portion 20 and an anode portion 8 is started speedily.

Abstract: In a gas discharge tube 1 of the present invention, a focusing electrode portion 14 and a discharge limiting portion 30 are electrically insulated, and the discharge limiting portion 30 comprises a discharge limiting opening 31 which opposes an arc ball shaping concave portion 16. Thus the formation of a discharge path from a cathode portion 20 to the concave portion 16 is ensured and a starting discharge can be reliably generated. Further, by means of the discharge limiting opening 31 which opposes the concave portion 16, an arc ball S can be continuously maintained in an appropriate shape even when a lamp is illuminated, and thus the arc ball S can be shaped with stability, thereby stabilizing the luminance and light quantity.

Abstract: An front plate structure for a plasma display panel is described. In accordance with the present invention, a protruding space pad structure is formed on the dielectric layer or protective layer of the front plate. The space pad is used to form the height difference on the surface of the front plate, about 3 ?m to 15 ?m. The height difference forms gas channels between the front plate and the discharge region to improve the performance of the vacuuming and refilling gas steps.

Abstract: The present invention provides a spacer assembly which is tailored to provide a secondary electron emission coefficient of approximately 1 for the spacer assembly when the spacer assembly is subjected to flat panel display operating voltages. The present invention further provides a spacer assembly which accomplishes the above achievement and which does not degrade severely when subjected to electron bombardment. The present invention further provides a spacer assembly which accomplishes both of the above-listed achievements and which does not significantly contribute to contamination of the vacuum environment of the flat panel display or be susceptible to contamination that may evolve within the tube. Specifically, in one embodiment, the present invention is comprised of a spacer structure which has a specific secondary electron emission coefficient function associated therewith.