Abstract: An ozone generator includes a plurality of needles having a carbon nanotube linear structure. The carbon nanotube linear structure includes at least one carbon nanotube at a free end thereof. The at least one carbon nanotube acts as a discharge end of each needle.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a tubular carbon molecule capable of regularly aligning a carbon nanotube with a finer spacing is provided. A catalyst is arranged on a material substrate (10) made of a semiconductor such as silicon (Si) and including iron (Fe) as a catalyst through the use of melting according to a modulated heat distribution (11). The heat distribution (11) is formed, for example, through diffracting an energy beam (12) by a diffraction grating (13). As a method of arranging the catalyst, for example, iron may be deposited in a planar shape or a projection shape in a position corresponding to the heat distribution (11), or the deposited iron may be used as a master to be transferred to another substrate. A carbon nanotube is grown through the use of the arranged catalyst. The grown carbon nanotube can be used as a recording apparatus, a field electron emission device, an FED or the like.

Abstract: Provided is an electron emitting device which can achieve high electron emission efficiency even in the case where excitation energy is low. The device includes a carbon nanotube layer which is formed on an SiC substrate and is made up of plural carbon nanotubes vertically oriented with respect to a surface of the SiC substrate; an MgO layer which is formed on and touches the carbon nanotube layer; an ohmic electrode which is connected to the carbon nanotube layer; an electrode which is facing the MgO layer with an air-gap between the MgO layer and the electrode; and a voltage source which applies a voltage between the electrode and the ohmic electrode.

Abstract: A multifunction module for an electron beam column comprises upper and lower electrodes, and a central ring electrode. The upper and lower electrodes have multipoles and are capable of deflecting, or correcting an aberration of, an electron beam passing through the electrodes. A voltage can be applied to the central ring electrode independently of the voltages applied to the upper and lower electrodes to focus the electron beam on a substrate.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a first plate and a second plate spaced apart and facing each other, a first electrode having an electron emission source electrically coupled thereto, the electron emission source including a carbon-based material and a ferroelectric material, a second electrode disposed adjacent to the first electrode, and a phosphor layer disposed so as to receive electrons emitted by the electron emission source.

Abstract: Particles, which may include nanoparticles, are mixed with carbon nanotubes and deposited on a substrate to form a cold cathode. The particles enhance the field emission characteristics of the carbon nanotubes. An additional activation step may be performed on the deposited carbon nanotube mixture to further enhance the emission of electrons.

Abstract: A field emission device 100 comprises an anode 105 and a cathode 110 separated by a distance 115 from the anode. At least one of the anode or cathode is configured to move with respect to the other in response to an applied voltage 120 to at least one of the anode and cathode, the distance being adjustable by the movement.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device has an insulating layer having a side surface, a recess portion formed on the side surface of the insulating layer, a gate electrode which is arranged above the recess portion, and a wedge-shaped emitter which is arranged on an edge of a lower side of the recess portion and has a first slope on a side of the recess portion and a second slope on a side opposite to the recess portion. A lower end of the first slope of the emitter enters the recess portion, and both the first slope and the second slope of the emitter tilt to an outside of the recess portion.

Abstract: A pixel element for field emission display includes a sealed container having a light permeable portion, an anode, a cathode, a phosphor layer formed on an end surface of the anode, and a CNT string electrically connected to and in contact with the cathode with an emission portion of the CNT string suspending. The phosphor layer is opposite to the light permeable portion, and the emission portion is corresponding to the phosphor layer. Some of CNT bundles in the CNT string are taller than and project over the adjacent CNT bundles, and each of projecting CNT bundles functions as an electron emitter. The anode, the cathode, the phosphor layer and the CNT string are enclosed in the sealed container. The luminance of the pixel element is enhanced at a relatively low voltage.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a surface-conduction electron emitter includes the steps of: (a) providing a substrate; (b) disposing two lower layers on the surface of the substrate, the two lower layers are parallel and apart from each other; (c) disposing a plurality of carbon nanotube elements on the lower layers; (d) disposing two upper layers on the two lower layers, and thereby, sandwiching the carbon nanotube elements therebetween; and (e) forming a micro-fissure between the carbon nanotube elements.

Abstract: In an electron emission method, a voltage is applied to a field electron emission element that has a boron nitride material containing crystal, formed on an element substrate to show a conical projection of the boron nitride material and shows a stable electron emitting property in an atmosphere when a voltage is applied thereto to emit electrons. An electron emission threshold of the field electron emission element falls due to formation of a surface electric dipolar layer by bringing it into contact with an operating atmosphere containing polar solvent gas when applying a voltage to the field electron emission element so as to emit electrons.

Abstract: An electron emission film having a pattern of diamond in X-ray diffraction and formed of a plurality of diamond fine grains having a grain diameter of 5 nm to 10 nm is formed on a substrate. The electron emission film can restrict the field intensity to a low level when it causes an emission current to flow, and has a uniform electron emission characteristic.

Abstract: A field electron emitter including a metal electrode; and a plurality of carbon nanotubes, wherein a portion of the plurality of carbon nanotubes protrude from a surface of the metal electrode and a portion of the plurality of carbon nanotubes are in the metal electrode. Also disclosed is a field electron emission device including the field electron emitter and a method of manufacturing the field electron emitter.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for automotive vehicles includes an air conditioning case having an internal passageway and an ionizer for emitting positive ions and negative ions into the internal passageway of the air conditioning case. The ionizer includes a main body and first and second discharge electrodes extending from the main body into the internal passageway in a spaced-apart relationship with each other. The air conditioning system further includes an electric short preventing arrangement for preventing moisture positioned in and around the first and second discharge electrodes from causing electric short between the first and second discharge electrodes. The electric short preventing arrangement comprises a water drainage rib for draining the moisture condensed in and around the first and second discharge electrodes to prevent the electric short between the first and second discharge electrodes.

Abstract: A field emission device includes; a substrate including at least one groove, at least one metal electrode disposed respectively in the at least one groove, and carbon nanotube (“CNT”) emitters disposed respectively on the at least one metal electrode, wherein each of the CNT emitters includes a composite of Sn and CNTs.

Abstract: A field emission device includes a substrate including a groove; a metal electrode disposed on a bottom surface of the groove; and a carbon nanotube (“CNT”) emitter. The CNT emitter includes an intermetallic compound layer disposed on the metal electrode and CNTs disposed on the intermetallic compound layer.

Abstract: An object is to provide an electron emission cathode and an electron emission source using diamond and having a high brightness and a small energy width that are suitable for electron ray and electron beam devices and vacuum tubes, in particular, electron microscopes and electron beam exposure devices, and also electronic devices using such cathode and source. A diamond electron emission cathode according to the present invention has single crystal diamond in at least part thereof, the diamond electron emission cathode having a columnar shape formed by a sharpened acute section and a heating section, being provided with one electron emitting portion in the sharpened acute section, and being constituted of at least two types of semiconductors that differ in electric properties.

Abstract: A display apparatus is having a first substrate and a second substrate facing the first substrate. An electrode is located on an inner surface of the first substrate or an inner surface of the second substrate. An electron emitter is located on the electrode. A barrier rib structure is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate to define a sealed inner space therebetween. The barrier rib structure is comprised of a conductive material. A gas is located between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A light emission device and a display device provided with the same are disclosed.

Abstract: A flat panel display including: a plurality of electrically addressable pixels; a plurality of thin-film transistor driver circuits each being electrically coupled to an associated at least one of the pixels, respectively; a passivating layer on the thin-film transistor driver circuits and at least partially around the pixels; a conductive frame on the passivating layer; and, a plurality of nanostructures on the conductive frame; wherein, exciting the conductive frame and addressing one of the pixels using the associated driver circuit causes the nanostructures to emit electrons that induce the one of the pixels to emit light.

Abstract: A microdevice has an electron emitter including a memory for accumulating electric charges corresponding to an input voltage, for emitting electrons corresponding to the electric charges accumulated in said memory; and an amplifier connected to a power supply and including a collector electrode for capturing the electrons emitted from the electron emitter. The atmosphere between at least the electron emitter and the collector electrode is a vacuum. When the electrons emitted from the electron emitter are captured by the collector electrode of the amplifier, a collector current flows between the collector electrode and the electron emitter to amplify the input voltage.

Abstract: An electron emission material includes an electron emission material main body, a base metal layer disposed on the electron emission material main body, and a thermal electron emission layer disposed on the base metal layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electron emitting device having a structure for efficiently emitting electrons. The electron emitting device has a substrate comprised of an n-type diamond, and a pointed projection provided on the substrate. The projection comprises a base provided on the substrate side, and an electron emission portion provided on the base and emitting electrons from the tip thereof. The base is comprised of an n-type diamond. The electron emission portion is comprised of a p-type diamond. The length from the tip of the projection (electron emission portion) to the interface between the base and the electron emission portion is preferably 100 nm or less.

Abstract: An amorphous carbon layer sticking on a carbon nanotube surface is remarkably reduced when a carbon nanotube is joined to a conductive substrate by bringing a single fibrous carbonaceous material in contact with the tip of the conductive substrate and covering at least a part of the contact portion with a conductive material while at lest either of the fibrous carbonaceous material or the conductive substrate is heated in a vacuum.

Abstract: Afield emission device includes; a substrate, a plurality of cathode electrodes disposed on the substrate, and a plurality of fiber emitters respectively disposed on the plurality of cathode electrodes and each of the plurality of fiber emitters including; at least one conductive fiber and a plurality of carbon nanotubes disposed on surfaces of the at least one conductive fiber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode for a source of field emitting electrons and a lighting panel and a lighting apparatus thereof. A plurality of conductive emitters made from a combination of an electrical emitting source material and an electrical conductive material is formed on a cathode plate. Therefore, the conductive emitter can be a cathode, a gate and a field emitting electric source as well to simplify the structure and the process, and improve the brightness and uniformity thereof.

Abstract: Described is a method for preparation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with medium to low-site density growth for use in field emission devices (FEDs). The method involves the deposition of a non-catalytic metal layer (interlayer), preferably a metallic conductor, onto the surface of a substrate, prior to the deposition of a catalytic layer (overlayer). The interlayer allows for only partial (sparse) growth of CNTs on the substrate, and helps to prevent resist layer “lift-off” when photolithographic processing is employed.

Abstract: A surface emission type electron source according to the present invention includes a first electrode having a planar form; a second electrode having a planar form facing the first electrode; an electron passage layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a power source part configured to apply a voltage to the second electrode and the first electrode. The electron passage layer includes plural quantum wires extending in a first direction from the first electrode to the second electrode. The quantum wires are spaced apart from each other at predetermined intervals, and electrons are emitted from a front surface of the second electrode. The quantum wires are made of silicon, and each of the quantum wires has plural thin parts having small thicknesses formed at predetermined intervals along the first direction.

Abstract: The present invention prevents the oxidization of a member of carbon fibers and improves the electric connection between the carbon fibers and the member of carbon fibers. In the present invention, a member 5 of carbon fibers 4 includes: a first element selected from the group consisting of IVa group elements and Va group elements; a second element selected from the group consisting of C, Al, Si, Cr, and Zr; and N. Preferably, the first element is Ti. More preferably, the member 5 includes Al or Si and the ratio of Al or Si to Ti is not less than 10 atm % and not more than 30 atm %.

Abstract: A method of making a microelectromechanical microwave vacuum tube device is disclosed. The device is formed by defining structural regions and sacrificial regions in a substrate. The structural regions have flexural members. The substrate is treated to remove the sacrificial regions and release the structural regions such that the structural regions are moveable by the flexural members. The structural regions include a device cathode, a device grid or both a device cathode and a device grid. The cathode comprises electron emitters. The device further includes an output structure where amplified microwave power is removed from the device. In the method, the cathode surface and the grid surface are moved to a position where they are substantially parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to the substrate. The device further comprises an anode that is substantially parallel to the cathode surface and the grid surface.

Abstract: Nanotubes are positioned laterally between posts. These posts can be formed directly on a substrate, or on top of sharp protrusions, which are themselves located on the substrate. Horizontally positioned nanotubes can be used as emitters, either singly or as part of an array. Electron emissions from the sidewalls of the nanotubes can be used to generate X-rays, Microwaves and Terahertz radiation, or other electromagnetic radiation. Arrays of laterally positioned nanotubes can reduce screening effects and other emission irregularities sometimes caused by vertically positioned nanotube emitters that rely on emissions from nanotube ends. Carbon nanotubes can be manually between two posts, or grown in place.

Abstract: An electron emission device which can uniformly emit electrons and can be simply manufactured at a reduced cost, and a display apparatus having improved uniform brightness of pixels by using the electron emission device. In addition, a simple method of manufacturing the electron emission device. The electron emission device includes: a first substrate; a cathode electrode and an electron emission unit disposed on the first substrate; a gate electrode electrically insulated from the cathode electrode; an insulating layer disposed between the cathode electrode and the gate electrode to insulate the cathode electrode from the gate electrode; and an electron emission source including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that contact the cathode electrode, wherein distances between the gate electrode and the tips of the CNTs are uniform.

Abstract: A field emission display includes a field emission cathode and an anode electrode plate arranged above the field emission cathode. The filed emission cathode includes a substrate, and a plurality of electron-emitting areas spaced apart from each other and arranged on the substrate. Each of the electron-emitting areas includes a cathode, a gate electrode, and a number of first and second conductive lines. The cathode includes a first conductive substrate and a first carbon nanotube assembly having a plurality of carbon nanotubes each having a cathode emitting end having a needle-shaped tip. The gate electrode is faced to the cathode emitting end. The taper-shaped tips of the cathode emitting ends and the gate have a small size and higher aspect ratio, allowing them to bear a larger emission current at a lower voltage.

Abstract: A Field Emission Device (FED) and its method of manufacture includes: forming a substrate; forming a cathode having a cathode aperture on an upper surface of the substrate; forming a material layer having a first through hole with a smaller diameter than that of the cathode aperture on an upper surface of the cathode; forming a first insulator having a first cavity on an upper surface of the material layer; forming a gate electrode having a second through hole on an upper surface of the first insulator; and forming an emitter in a central portion of the cathode aperture.

Abstract: To provide an electron source including: a wiring board having: a substrate provided with a groove on its surface; a first conductive member which is arranged along the groove in the groove; and a second conductive member which is arranged above the first conductive member crossing the first conductive member; and an electron-emitting device which is arranged on the wiring board and is electrically connected to the first conductive member and the second conductive member; wherein a particle is arranged between the first conductive member and an inner wall of the groove.

Abstract: In a plane emissive cathode structure of a field emission display having a common plane structure, a cathode plate includes a cathode substrate, and a plurality of cathode units on the cathode substrate, and the cathode unit includes an emitter layer, a gate electrode layer and a dielectric layer. The emitter layer and the gate electrode layer are disposed on a common plane of the cathode substrate and separated with each other to form an interval. The dielectric layer is formed in the interval between the emitter layer and the gate electrode layer, but not connected to the interval between the emitter layer and the gate electrode layer, so as to change the electric field distribution of the emitter layer and the gate electrode layer.

Abstract: A light source apparatus (8) includes a rear plate (80), a front plate formed with an anode layer (82), and a cathode (81) interposed therebetween. The cathode includes a plurality of electrically conductive carriers (812) and a plurality of field emitters (816) formed thereon. The field emitters are uniformly distributed on anode-facing surfaces of the conductive carriers. Preferably, the field emitters extend radially outwardly from the corresponding conductive carriers. The conductive carriers are parallel with each other, and are located substantially on a common plane. Each of the conductive carriers can be connected with a pulling device arranged at least one end thereof, and an example of the pulling device is a spring. The conductive carriers may be cylindrical, prism-shaped or polyhedral.

Abstract: An emitter includes an electrode, and a number of carbon nanotubes fixed on the electrode. The carbon nanotubes each have a first end and a second end. The first end is electrically connected to the substrate and the second end has a needle-shaped tip. Two second ends of carbon nanotubes have a larger distance therebetween than that of the first ends thereof, which is advantageous for a better screening affection. Moreover, the needle-shaped tip of the second ends of the carbon nanotube has a lower size and higher aspect ratio than the conventional carbon nanotube, which, therefore, is attributed to bear a larger emission current.

Abstract: An electron emission element is provided with at least one electrode, an electron emission region, and a resistance layer for electrically connecting the electrode to the electron emission region. The resistance layer is formed of one of a metal oxide material and a metal nitride material.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a planar light source and method for driving the same is provided. The apparatus for generating a planar light source comprises an emitting layer disposed not only on a cathode electrode, but also on a gate electrode as well. Accordingly, by applying an AC voltage to the apparatus, a duty cycle of the AC voltage can reach 100% so as to enhance the brightness to the extent that the apparatus is applied a DC voltage.

Abstract: An electron emission device adapted to enhanced electron beam focusing and its method of fabrication are shown. The device includes driving electrodes for controlling the emission of electrons from electron emission regions formed on a substrate; two or more tiers of insulating layers formed on the driving electrodes; and a focusing electrode formed over the tiers. A multi-tiered insulating layer allows a thick tier to hold the focusing electrodes away from the emission regions, thus enhancing their focusing impact, while a thin tier under the focusing electrodes remains amenable to intricate patterning. Fabrication of the tiers from material with different etching rates allows thicker lower support tiers to be etched during the same period and in the same step that a thinner upper tier is etched, also allowing openings in a lower tier to widen while openings in the upper tier stay small.

Abstract: An electron emission source including a carbon-based material coated with metal carbide in the surface coating layer, of which the metal has a negative Gibbs free energy when forming the metal carbide at 1,500 K or lower, a method of preparing electron emission sources, and an electron emission device including the electron emission source. The electron emission source includes a carbon nanotube coated with metal carbide or a carbon nanotube having a metal carbide layer and a metal coating layer, which are sequentially formed thereon. Thus, the electron emission source has long lifespan without deterioration of electron emitting characteristics. The electron emission source can be used to manufacture electron emission devices with improved reliability.

Abstract: An electron emission device for focusing the electrons emitted from electron emission regions and uniformly controlling the pixel emission characteristic. The electron emission device includes first and second substrates facing each other, and cathode electrodes having first electrode portions formed on the first substrate along one side thereof, and second electrode portions spaced apart from the first electrode portions at a predetermined distance. Electron emission regions are formed on the second electrode portions. Focusing electrodes fill the gap between the first and the second electrode portions while being extended toward the second substrate with a thickness greater than the thickness of the electron emission regions. Gate electrodes are formed on the cathode electrodes by interposing an insulating layer with openings exposing the electron emission regions.

Abstract: Methods for selectively depositing nanostructures on a support layer include contacting the support layer with functionalized catalyst particles. The functionalized catalyst particles can form a self-assembled monolayer of catalyst particles on the support layer and the functionalized catalyst particles can be used to catalyze nanostructure growth. In one embodiment of the disclosed method, zinc oxide nanowires are grown on a patterned substrate using functionalized gold nanoparticles. Patterned arrays of self-assembled nanostructures and nanoscale devices using such nanostructure arrays are also described.

Abstract: By applying a drive voltage Vf [V] between first and second conductive films, when electrons are emitted by the first conductive film, an equipotential line of 0.5 Vf [V] is inclined toward the first conductive film, rather than toward the second conductive film, in the vicinity of the electron emitting portion of the first conductive film, in a cross section extending across the electron emitting portion and the portion of the second conductive film located nearest the electron emitting portion. The present invention improves electron emission efficiency.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a carbon nanotube field emitter array is disclosed, which has the steps of (a) providing a substrate; (b) forming a cathode layer having a first pattern on the substrate; (c) forming an opaque insulating layer having a second pattern on the substrate, wherein a predetermined part of the cathode layer is exposed; (d) forming a gate layer having the second pattern on the opaque insulating layer; (e) forming a carbon nanotube layer on the entire top surface of the substrate; and (f) exposing the carbon nanotube layer to a light beam coming from the backside of the substrate.

Abstract: A field emission backplate formed by laser crystallizing of an area of amorphous semiconductor based material. Emitter sites result from the rough surface texture caused by the crystallization process. The crystallization may be localized using laser interferometry, and profiled emitter tips grown on the localized crystalline areas. Such backplates can be used in field emission devices emitting into either a vacuum or a wide band gap light-emitting polymer. Furthermore, a backplate having self-aligned gates can be formed by depositing an insulator layer and a metal layer over the emitter tips, removing the top of the metal layer and etching away the insulator, leaving each tip surrounded by a metal rim. A planarizing agent can be used to refine this process.

Abstract: A field effect electron emitting apparatus comprising a substrate, a plurality of wires embedded in the substrate, at least a portion of each wire being exposed from the substrate and extending generally perpendicularly therefrom and including magnetic material, wherein the average wire spacing is less than 30 ?m, the average spacing height ratio is between 1 and 3 and the average wire aspect ratio is greater than 3. Also a method of manufacturing an electron emitting apparatus, a field effect display having such a field effect electron emitting apparatus, an illumination apparatus having such a field effect electron emitting apparatus, and a backlight apparatus for a liquid crystal display having such a field effect electron emitting apparatus.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electron emission device where the withstanding voltage characteristics are not deteriorated due to carbon remnants. With the method, cathode electrodes, a first insulating layer and gate electrodes are sequentially formed on a substrate. Openings are formed at the gate electrodes and the first insulating layer to partially expose the surface of the cathode electrodes. A conductive layer is formed on the entire surface of the structure of the substrate. Catalytic metal layers are formed on the conductive layer at the locations to be contain electron emission regions. Electron emission regions are formed on the catalytic metal layers by directly growing a carbonaceous material thereon. The conductive layer is patterned to remove the portions thereof overlaid with carbon remnants during the previous step except for the portion placed under the catalytic metal layer.