Abstract: A field emission element includes one supporting wire and at least one field emission layer coated or otherwise formed on an outer surface of the supporting wire. Each field emission layer includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and is selected from a group consisting of CNT-polymer composites, CNT-glass composites and single-layer/multi-layer CNT films. A method for manufacturing the described field emission element is also provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) providing one supporting wire; (b) forming at least one field emission layer on an outer surface of the supporting wire; and (c) cutting the supporting wire, after forming the at least one field emission layer thereon, according to a predetermined length and then treating the at least one field emission layer on the supporting wire to form the field emission element.

Abstract: A given field emission element includes a carbon nanotube field emission wire and at least one supporting protective layer coating an outer surface of the carbon nanotube field emission wire. The carbon nanotube field emission wire is selected from a group consisting of a carbon nanotube yarn, a wire-shaped CNT-polymer composite, and a wire-shaped CNT-glass composite. A method for manufacturing the described field emission element includes the steps of: (a) providing one carbon nanotube field emission wire; (b) forming one supporting protective layer on an outer surface of the carbon nanotube field emission wire; and (c) cutting the carbon nanotube field emission wire to a predetermined length and treating the carbon nanotube emission wire to form the field emission element.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device is equipped with a pair of first electroconductive members arranged on a substrate with an interval between them, wherein the interval becomes narrower at an upper position distant from a surface of the substrate than at a position on the surface, and a peak of one of the pair of the first electroconductive members is higher than a peak of the other of the pair of the first electroconductive members, and further an electron scattering surface forming film including an element having an atomic number larger than those of elements constituting the first electroconductive members as a principal component is provided on a surface of the one of the first electroconductive members.

Abstract: Novel heterodiamondoid-containing field emission devices (FED's) are disclosed herein. In one embodiment of the present invention, the heteroatom of the heterodiamondoid comprises an electron-donating species (such as nitrogen) as part of the cathode or electron-emitting component of the field emission device.

Abstract: A field emission element includes at least one supporting wire and at least one carbon nanotube wire. The supporting wire and the carbon nanotube wire are twisted together. A method for manufacturing the described field emission element is also provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) providing at least one carbon nanotube wire and at least one supporting wire; (b) twisting the carbon nanotube wire and the supporting wire together to form a multi-strand structure by a spinning process; and (c) cutting the multi-strand structure according to a predetermined length to form a field emission element.

Abstract: An electron emitting apparatus includes a lower electrode, an emitter section made of a dielectric material, a plurality of upper electrodes having micro through holes, and a collector electrode opposing the upper electrodes. In this electron-emitting apparatus, electrons are accumulated in the emitter section by controlling the potential difference (drive voltage) between the lower and upper electrodes with respect to the potential of the lower electrode to a negative predetermined voltage. At this time, the collector electrode of the electron-emitting apparatus is grounded. Thus, unnecessary electron-emitting is suppressed. Subsequently, the drive voltage is changed to a positive predetermined voltage. As a result, polarization reversal occurs in the emitter section, and accumulated electros are emitted through the micro through holes in the upper electrodes by Coulomb repulsion. At this time, a positive voltage Vc is applied to the collector electrode to give large energy to accelerate the electrons.

Abstract: To obtain a paste for electron sources which can enhance heat resistance of carbon nanotubes, which can suppress burn-out of the carbon nanotubes even during heating at a high temperature, and can exhibit a high electron emission performance, boron (B) is added to the paste formed of the carbon nanotubes and metal. Due to the addition of boron, the oxidation of the carbon nanotubes can be suppressed, and the degradation of the electron emission characteristics and the degradation of the uniformity of the emission of electrons during the heating process such as baking can be prevented.

Abstract: A method of preparing a patterned carbon nanotube array a patterned carbon nanotube array prepared thereby are provided. The method includes forming carbon nanotubes in channels of porous templates, arranging the templates in a predetermined pattern on a substrate and selectively removing the templates to expose the carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: An FED device includes an anode electrode formed on a substrate; a phosphor layer formed on the anode electrode; and field emission devices for emitting at least two electron beams onto the phosphor layer. An area where a fluorescent material is excited can be enlarged and luminance and efficiency of the FED can be enhanced.

Abstract: A field emission display includes a first substrate, at least one gate electrode formed on the first substrate, cathode electrodes formed on the first substrate, an insulation layer formed between the at least one gate electrode and the cathode electrodes, emitters electrically contacting the cathode electrodes, and formed in pixel regions of the first substrate, counter electrodes electrically connected to the at least one gate electrode and provided such that the counter electrodes and emitters have a first predetermined gap therebetween, a second substrate provided opposing the first substrate with a second predetermined gap therebetween, wherein emitter-receiving sections are provided in the cathode electrodes, dividers are formed between the emitter-receiving sections, the emitters are electrically contacted with an edge of the cathode electrodes corresponding to a shape of the emitter-receiving sections, and at least a part of each of the counter electrodes is provided within the corresponding emitter-r

Abstract: A light-emitting apparatus of the present invention maintains an anode electrode 5 at a higher positive electric potential than a cathode electrode 15, applies an electric field to a cold-cathode electron emission source 16 by controlling a gate voltage applied to the cathode electrode 15 with a gate electrode 10, and emits excitation light from a phosphor 6 irradiated by an electron beam released from the cold-cathode electron emission source 16. The light-emitting apparatus of this invention emits the excitation light not only from the opposite side of the electron beam-irradiated surface of the phosphor 6 through a glass substrate 2, but also from the electron bean-irradiated surface of the phosphor 6 by reflecting the excitation light with a gate reflection surface 12 on the gate electrode 10 and emitting it through an unobstructed area Ro of the glass substrate 2.

Abstract: There are provided a stable electron-emitting device with less fluctuation in electron-emitting properties and a method of fabricating the electron-emitting device. The electron-emitting device has a substrate; a plurality of columnar first regions respectively orientated substantially perpendicular to the surface of the substrate; a second region provided between the respective first regions higher than the first regions in resistance; and an electron emission layer covering the columnar first regions and the second region.

Abstract: By patterning a catalyst layer in a micrometer scale and growing nanotubes on it, the emission area is formed by many small emitter islands. Each emitter island comprises finite randomly aligned nanotubes in a nominal density. Due to the vast number of gaps between emitter islands, relatively more nanotubes are exposed to the edge region of the emitter, which effectively increases the average inter-spacing of nanotubes. The field shielding effect is significantly reduced this way.

Abstract: Provided is an electron-emitting device with high electron emission efficiency and with stable electron emission characteristics over a long period. The electron-emitting device has a substrate, first and second carbon films laid with a first gap in between on the surface of the substrate, and first and second electrodes electrically connected to the first carbon film and to the second carbon film, respectively. In the electron-emitting device, a narrowest gap portion between the first carbon film and the second carbon film in the first gap is located above a surface of the substrate and the substrate has a depressed portion, at least, in the first gap.

Abstract: A field emission lamp generally includes a bulb having an open end, a lamp head disposed at the open end of the bulb, an anode, and a cathode. The anode includes an anode conductive layer formed on an inner surface of the bulb, a fluorescent layer deposited on the anode conductive layer, and an anode electrode electrically connected with the anode conductive layer and the lamp head. The cathode includes an electron emission element and a cathode electrode electrically connected with the electron emission element and the lamp head. The electron emission element has an electron emission layer. The electron emission layer includes getter powders therein to exhaust unwanted gas in the field emission lamp, thereby ensuring the field emission lamp with a high degree of vacuum during operation thereof. A method for making such field emission lamp is also provided.

Abstract: A field emission electron source (10) includes a conductive base (12), a carbon nanotube (14), and a modifying layer (16). The conductive base includes a top (122). One end (142) of the carbon nanotube is electrically connected with the top of the conductive base. The other end (144) of the carbon nanotube extends outwardly away from the top of the conductive base. The modifying layer (16) is uniformly distributed and coated onto at least the surface of the other end of the carbon nanotube. The work function of the modifying layer is lower than that of the carbon nanotube.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electron emitting device comprising: a pair of conductors opposed to each other on a substrate; and a pair of deposition films having carbon as a main component which are respectively connected to the pair of conductors and disposed with a gap therebetween. The deposition film contains sulfur in a range of not less than 1 mol % and not more than 5 mol % as a ratio to carbon.

Abstract: A field emission electron source includes at least one electron emission member. Each electron emission member includes a conductive body and an electron emission layer formed on the conductive body. The conductive body has an upper portion. The electron emission layer is formed on, at least, the upper portion of the conductive body. The electron emission layer includes a glass matrix; and at least one carbon nanotube, and a plurality of metallic conductive particles and getter powders dispersed in the glass matrix. A method for making such field emission electron source is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cathode plate of the field emission display and the fabrication method thereof. The emission layer is formed on the electrode layer within the trench in a self-aligned way by screen printing or ink-jetting. Since the emission layer is accurately aligned with the electrode layer, the pattern quality is improved and the overflow or disrupture problems in screen printing are alleviated.

Abstract: An electron emission device where the electron emission of the emitter at the respective pixels is uniformly controlled. The electron emission device includes first and second substrates facing each other with a distance, and gate and cathode electrodes formed on the first substrate while interposing an insulating layer. Electron emission sources are electrically connected to the respective cathode electrodes. A resistance layer is disposed between the cathode electrode and the electron emission source in substantially the same plane as the cathode electrode. At least one anode electrode is formed on the second substrate. A phosphor screen is placed on a surface of the anode electrode.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an image display using a thin film electronic source having a structure for separating picture elements in a self-alignment manner. The structure of bus wiring (scanning line) for powering the electronic source is formed by a stacked structure including a lower layer 17 made of an alloy of CrMo, an intermediate layer 18 made of Al or an alloy of Al, and an upper layer 19 made of Cr, from a cathode substrate 10. The CrMo alloy in the lower layer 17 includes 30 wt % or more of Mo. Such a stacked structure can be used to process one side of the lower layer 17 to form an undercut relative to the intermediate layer 18. The undercut serves as a picture element separating structure in sputtering of an upper electrode 13 of the electronic source and achieves picture element separation in a self-alignment manner.

Abstract: In a converging-type electron-emission source of a field-emission display, a substrate is provided and a silver paste is used to form a first electrode layer on the substrate by the process such as thick-film photolithography or screen-printing. A carbon nanotube is formed on the first electrode layer by thick-film photolithography or screen-printing, and a second electrode is formed on the carbon nanotube. A third electrode layer is formed on the first electrode layer around the second electrode layer by thick-film photolithography or screen-printing. The third electrode layer is higher than the second electrode layer, such that a converging exit is formed around the second electrode layer. A sintering step is performed. When the electron beam is generated, the electron beam is concentrated at the center of the converging exit to impinge a phosphor layer of an anode without causing gamut.

Abstract: An image display apparatus including a rear plate and a face plate disposed opposite to each other, the rear plate being equipped with a plurality of electron-emitting devices, each provided with a pair of electrodes and an electroconductive film including an electron-emitting region disposed between the electrodes, the face plate being equipped with a phosphor for displaying an image and a film exposed on a surface of the phosphor, the film comprising a metal or a metal compound material. A film comprising the same metal or the same metal compound material as the metal or the metal compound material constituting the film exposed on the surface of the phosphor is formed on each of the electroconductive films of the plurality of electron-emitting devices to have a thickness in a range from 0.2 nm to 4.5 nm.

Abstract: A field emission device manufactured by the disclosed method and employed in a display unit includes a glass substrate, an emitter electrode formed on the glass substrate, a carbon nanotube (CNT) emitter formed on the emitter electrode, and a gate stack formed around the CNT emitter. Electron beams are extracted from the CNT emitter and the extracted electron beams are focused onto a given position. The gate stack includes a mask layer that covers the emitter electrode provided around the CNT emitter, a gate insulating layer and a gate electrode sequentially formed on the mask layer, a focus gate insulating layer having double inclined planes facing the CNT emitter on the gate electrode, and focus gate electrode coated on the focus gate insulating layer.

Abstract: A flat panel display device is provided which prevents color mixture of the phosphor surface thereof to promote high brightness and longer operation life. The flat panel display device is configured such that a front substrate 2 provided with the phosphor surface and a back substrate 1 provided with electron sources 10 arranged in a matrix manner are arranged to be opposed to each other via a support frame 3 and both the substrates 1, 2 and the support frame 3 are hermetically sealed. The electron source 10 has a triangular surface which faces the front substrate 2.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thermal transfer device including providing first and second thermally conductive substrates that are substantially atomically flat, providing a patterned electrical barrier having a plurality of closed shapes on the first thermally conductive substrate and providing a nanotube catalyst material on the first thermally conductive substrate in a nanotube growth area oriented within each of the plurality of closed shapes of the patterned electrical barrier. The method also includes orienting the second thermally conductive substrate opposite the first thermally conductive substrate such that the patterned electrical barrier is disposed between the first and second thermally conductive substrates and providing a precursor gas proximate the nanotube catalyst material to facilitate growth of nanotubes in the nanotube growth areas from the first thermally conductive substrate toward, and limited by, the second thermally conductive substrate.

Abstract: There is provided an electron emitting device utilizing a plurality of carbon fibers, in which a mean diameter value of the plurality of carbon fibers is in a range from a minimum of 10 nm to a maximum of 10 nm, and a standard deviation of diameter distribution of the plurality of carbon fibers is equal to or less than 30% of the mean diameter value.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical microwave vacuum tube device is disclosed. The device consists of a cathode formed on a substrate, the cathode comprising electron emitters. A cathode emission control grid is also attached to the device substrate. The device further includes an output structure where amplified microwave power is removed from the device. In the device, the cathode surface and the grid surface are substantially parallel to each other and substantially perpendicular to the substrate. One of either the cathode, the grid, or both the cathode and the grid, are attached to the device substrate by one or more flexural members. The device further comprises an anode that is substantially parallel to the cathode surface and the grid surface.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric-film-type electron emitter of high durability exhibiting suppressed reduction in electron emission quantity, which reduction would otherwise occur with repeated use of the electron emitter. The electron emitter includes a substrate, a lower electrode, an emitter layer, and an upper electrode. The upper electrode has a plurality of openings, and an emitter section located on the top surface of the emitter layer is exposed through the openings to a reduced-pressure atmosphere. The electron emitter is configured so that when a pulse drive voltage Va is applied between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, electrons are accumulated on the emitter section, and then the electrons are emitted toward the reduced-pressure atmosphere. The emitter layer contains a primary component (i.e., a ferroelectric composition) and an additional component.

Abstract: Diamond microtip field emitters are used in triode vacuum microelectronic devices, sensors and displays. Diamond triode devices having integral anode and grid structures can be fabricated. Ultra-sharp tips are formed on the emitters in a fabrication process in which diamond is deposited into mold cavities in a two-step deposition sequence. During deposition of the diamond, the carbon graphite content is carefully controlled to enhance emission performance. The tips or the emitters are treated by post-fabrication processes to further enhance performance.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for controlled alignment of catalyticaly grown nanostructures in a large-scale synthesis process. An apparatus includes an electrode including: a protruding section defining an edge; and a nonprotruding section coupled to the protruding section, where the edge is adapted to deflect an electric field generated with the electrode and at least one section selected from the group consisting of the protruding section and the nonprotruding section is adapted to support a substrate for the growth of elongated nanostructures.

Abstract: A self-aligned gated field emission device and an associated method of fabrication are described. The device includes a substrate and a porous layer disposed adjacent to the surface of the substrate, wherein the porous layer defines a plurality of substantially cylindrical channels, each of the plurality of substantially cylindrical channels aligned substantially parallel to one another and substantially perpendicular to the surface of the substrate. The device also includes a plurality of substantially rod-shaped structures disposed within at least a portion of the plurality of substantially cylindrical channels defined by the porous layer and adjacent to the surface of the substrate, wherein a portion of each of the plurality of substantially rod-shaped structures protrudes above the surface of the porous layer.

Abstract: A field emission illumination device includes a sealed tubular body, an anode layer, a fluorescence layer and an electron emitting cathode electrode. The sealed tubular body has a light-permeable portion and the anode is formed on an inner surface of the light-permeable portion of the tubular body. The fluorescence layer is formed on the anode layer. The electron emitting cathode is positioned in the tubular body and includes at least one carbon nanotube yarn. In the illuminating process the energy in the field emission illumination device only undergoes transformation from electric energy to luminous energy, so the efficiency of the energy transformation is increased.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a cathode substrate and an anode substrate facing each other that are separated from each other by a predetermined distance to form a vacuum vessel. An electron emission unit is disposed on the cathode substrate to emit electrons, and a light emission unit is disposed on the anode substrate to emit light caused by the electrons for displaying desired images. In more detail, a gate electrode is arranged on the cathode substrate to correspond to the center of a pixel area of the electron emission device, a cathode electrode is arranged on an outer portion of the gate electrode while insulated from the gate electrode, and an electron emission region is arranged on the cathode electrode.

Abstract: A field emission type backlight device can include upper and lower substrates facing each other with a gap between them, an anode electrode on a lower side of the upper substrate, a fluorescent layer on a lower side of the anode electrode, a lower gate electrode on an upper side of the lower substrate, an insulating layer on an upper side of the lower gate electrode, a cathode electrode on an upper side of the insulating layer, and a gate electrode that is provided on an upper side of the insulating layer and electrically connected to the lower gate electrode.

Abstract: In an electron-emitting device having a pair of electroconductors arranged on a substrate at an interval, a top of one electroconductor is higher than that of the other electroconductor and a groove extending from the interval region toward a position under a region where the one electroconductor is come into contact with the substrate is formed on the substrate. Deterioration of the electron-emitting device due to collision of charged particles is suppressed by the asymmetrical electron-emitting region, electron-emitting efficiency is improved, and a long life is realized.

Abstract: A method and a structure for a converging-type electron-emission source of a field-emission display are disclosed. A substrate is provided, and a silver paste is used to form a first electrode layer on the substrate by the process such as thick-film photolithography or screen-printing. A carbon nanotube is formed on the first electrode layer by thick-film photolithography or screen-printing, and a second electrode is formed on the carbon nanotube. A third electrode layer is formed on the first electrode layer around the second electrode layer by thick-film photolithography or screen-printing. The third electrode layer is higher than the second electrode layer, such that a converging exit is formed around the second electrode layer. A sintering step is performed. When the electron beam is generated, the electron beam is concentrated at the center of the converging exit to impinge a phosphor layer of an anode without causing gamut.

Abstract: A field emission display includes: a cathode electrode (17); an anode electrode (20); a gate electrode (19) arranged between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode; a carbon nanotube array (15) electrically connected to the cathode electrode at a first end; and a spacer (14) insulatively separating the gate electrode from the cathode electrode. A second opposite end of the carbon nanotube array is flush with a top end of the spacer. An intermediate layer (11) having a precisely controllable thickness is arranged between the gate electrode and the spacer. The distance between the gate electrode and the carbon nanotube array is mainly controlled by the thickness of the intermediate layer.

Abstract: A double-sided display device includes a pair of substrates, on which self-emitting elements are formed respectively, being bonded to each other. A lead wiring section of the self-emitting element area formed on one of the substrates and a lead wiring section of the self-emitting element area formed on the other substrate are formed on the same side of the substrates. Each of the lead wiring sections is formed in a part of the side of each of the substrates. In addition, cutout portions are formed in parts of the sides of the substrates where the lead wiring sections are not formed. Thus, in the double-sided display device, the lead wiring sections formed on ends of substrates can be easily connected with a driving circuit component, a wiring substrate or the like, while the space for the double-sided display device can be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides an emissive flat panel display device which is capable of performing a gate operation at a relatively low voltage of several V to several tens V using gate electrodes. In the emissive flat panel display device which includes a back panel which is constituted of a back substrate on which cathode electrodes having electron sources formed of carbon nanotubes and gate electrodes are formed, a face panel which forms phosphors and anode electrodes thereon, and a sealing frame which seals the back panel and the face panel, the difference between an electric field strength Emax for allowing the electron sources to obtain the required maximum emission current density and an electric field strength Emin which becomes the minimum emission current density is set to 1V/?m or less, and preferably 0.5V/?m or less.

Abstract: A field emission backlight device may include a first substrate and a second substrate separate from and roughly parallel to each other, a first anode electrode and a second anode electrode that face each other on inner surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate, and cathode electrodes separate from and roughly parallel to one another between the first substrate and the second substrate. It may also include electron emission sources disposed on the cathode electrodes to emit electrons by an electric field and a phosphorous layer disposed on the first anode electrode or the second anode electrode.

Abstract: A field emission type display device has a structure in which each pixel is constituted of a combination of a plurality of small apertures and a plurality of small electron sources. Due to such a constitution, it is possible to reduce undesired impact of electrons on control electrodes and the enhancement of the heat resistance of the carbon nanotubes of electron sources, whereby it is possible to obtain a display device of high quality and long lifetime, while exhibiting a high-performance electron emission characteristic. Boron (B) is adhered to carbon nanotubes, which constitute electron sources, through the small apertures of the control electrodes; and, hence, the alignment of the small apertures and the small electron sources is ensured and the area of the electron source is set to be equal to or less than the area of the aperture.

Abstract: A field emission cold cathode device of a lateral type includes a cathode electrode and gate electrode disposed on a major surface of a support substrate laterally side by side. The cathode electrode and gate electrode have side surfaces which oppose each other, and an emitter is disposed on the opposite side surface of the cathode electrode. The emitter includes a metal plating layer formed on the cathode electrode, and a plurality of granular or rod-shaped micro-bodies. The micro-bodies are consisting essentially of a material selected from the group consisting of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphite, a material with a low work function, a material with a negative electron affinity, and a metal material, and are supported in the metal plating layer in a dispersed state.

Abstract: An improved thermionic cathode is provided. The cathode has a carbon-coated cone surface and reduced cone angle (e.g. typically 60 degrees or less) that delivers an electron beam with high angular intensity and brightness and exhibits increased longevity.

Abstract: An electron emitter has an emitter made of a dielectric material, and an upper electrode and a lower electrode to which a drive voltage is applied to emit electrons. The upper electrode is formed on a first surface of the substance serving as the emitter, and the lower electrode is formed on a second surface of the substance serving as the emitter. The upper electrode has a plurality of through regions through which the emitter is exposed. The upper electrode has a surface which faces the emitter in peripheral portions of the through regions and which is spaced from the emitter.

Abstract: A transmissive-type organic electroluminescent display device includes a substrate including sub-pixel regions thereon, an array element in each sub-pixel area that includes thin film transistors, a partition wall at a border portion between adjacent sub-pixel regions made of a transparent insulating material, a first electrode made of a transparent conductive material in each sub-pixel region between adjacent partition walls, an organic electroluminescent layer on the first electrode in each sub-pixel region between the adjacent partition walls, a second electrode made of a transparent conductive material on the organic electroluminescent layer and a passivation layer covering the second electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a field emission display (FED) with a carbon nanotube emitter and a method of manufacturing the same. A gate stack that surrounds the CNT emitter has a mask layer that covers an emitter electrode adjacent to the CNT emitter, and a gate insulating film, a gate electrode, a focus gate insulating film (SiOx, X<2), and a focus gate electrode formed on the mask layer. The focus gate insulating film has a thickness 2 ?m or more, and preferably 3˜15 ?m and is preferably made using PECVD. A flow rate of silane and nitric acid for forming the focus gate insulating film and/or the gate insulating film are maintained at 50˜700 sccm and 700˜4,500 sccm, respectively. By doing so and by making the oxide thick, the oxide is less apt to crack and thus less apt to generate a leakage current.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube-based device (40) includes a substrate (10), a number of catalytic nano-sized particles (131) formed on the substrate, and an aligned carbon nanotube array (15) extending from the alloy catalytic nano-sized particles. The aligned carbon nanotube array progressively bends in a predetermined direction. A method for making the carbon nanotube-based device includes the steps of: providing a substrate; depositing a layer of catalyst on the substrate; depositing a layer of catalyst dopant material on the catalyst layer, for varying a reaction rate of synthesis of the aligned carbon nanotube array; annealing the catalyst and the catalyst dopant material in an oxygen-containing gas at a low temperature; and exposing the nano-sized particles and catalyst dopant material to a carbon-containing source gas at a predetermined temperature such that the aligned carbon nanotube array grows from the substrate.

Abstract: A triode structure of a field emission display and fabrication method thereof. A plurality of cathode layers arranged in a matrix is formed overlying a dielectric layer. A plurality of emitting layers arranged in a matrix is formed overlying the cathode layers, respectively. A plurality of lengthwise-extending gate lines is formed on the dielectric layer, in which each of the gate layers is disposed between two adjacent columns of the cathode layers.

Abstract: A fabrication method for an emitter includes the steps of forming on a glass substrate a CNT film which contains a plurality of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and constitutes an emitter electrode, forming a gate electrode via an insulating film on the CNT film, forming a plurality of gate openings in the gate electrode and the insulating film, and aligning upright the CNTs in the gate opening. The upright alignment generates a stable uniform emission current and provides excellent emission characteristics.