Abstract: A bonding method using a bonding agent is provided, which has the steps of forming an underlayer on a first member, providing a bonding agent on the underlayer, forming a contact member, different from the bonding agent, on a second member, bringing the bonding agent into contact with the contact member so that the first member and the second member are bonded to each other. In the method described above, the wettability of the bonding agent to the underlayer is superior to that of the bonding agent to a surface of the first member before the underlayer is formed thereon, and the bondability of the bonding agent to the contact member is superior to that of the bonding agent to a surface of the second member before the contact member is formed thereon.

Abstract: An object is to provide an electron emitting cathode achieving high luminance, low energy dispersion, and long life. It is therefore an object to provide a diamond electron emitting cathode graspable on a sufficiently stable basis, sharpened at the tip, and improved in electric field intensity. A diamond electron emitting cathode 110 according to the present invention is partitioned into at least three regions, i.e., a front end region 203 intended for electron emission at a tip of columnar shape, a rear end region 201 intended for grasping opposite in the longitudinal direction, and a thinned intermediate region 202, a cross-sectional area of the rear end region is not less than 0.2 mm2, the tip of the front end region is sharpened, and a maximum cross-sectional area of the thinned intermediate region is not more than 0.1 mm2.

Abstract: A stable cold field electron emitter is produced by forming a coating on an emitter base material. The coating protects the emitter from the adsorption of residual gases and from the impact of ions, so that the cold field emitter exhibits short term and long term stability at relatively high pressures and reasonable angular electron emission.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a carbon nano-tube (CNT) emitter includes the steps of: (a) dispersing a CNT powder, an organic binder, a photosensitive material, a monomer, and a nano-sized metal particle in a solvent to manufacture a CNT paste; (b) coating the CNT paste onto an electrode formed over a substrate; (c) exposing the CNT paste coated on the electrode to thereby perform fine-patterning; (d) plasticizing the finely patterned CNT paste; and (e) processing a surface of the CNT paste such that the surface of the plasticized CNT paste is activated, wherein step (d) includes a first plasticizing step performed in an air atmosphere; and a second plasticizing step performed in a vacuum or inactive gas atmosphere. Improved uniformity of electron emissions in a field emission device is achieved and a plurality of CNT emitter regions are formed within a single pixel.

Abstract: A field emission electron source includes at least one electron emission member. Each electron emission member includes a conductive body and an electron emission layer formed on the conductive body. The conductive body has an upper portion. The electron emission layer is formed on, at least, the upper portion of the conductive body. The electron emission layer includes a glass matrix; and at least one carbon nanotube, and a plurality of metallic conductive particles and getter powders dispersed in the glass matrix. A method for making such field emission electron source is also provided.

Abstract: The presently disclosed invention provides for the fabrication of porous anodic alumina (PAA) films on a wide variety of substrates. The substrate comprises a wafer layer and may further include an adhesion layer deposited on the wafer layer. An anodic alumina template is formed on the substrate. When a rigid substrate such as Si is used, the resulting anodic alumina film is more tractable, easily grown on extensive areas in a uniform manner, and manipulated without danger of cracking. The substrate can be manipulated to obtain free-standing alumina templates of high optical quality and substantially flat surfaces. PAA films can also be grown this way on patterned and non-planar surfaces. Furthermore, under certain conditions, the resulting PAA is missing the barrier layer (partially or completely) and the bottom of the pores can be readily accessed electrically.

Abstract: A field-emission-based flat light source includes the following: a light-permeable substrate; a plurality of line-shaped cathodes; an anode; a light-reflecting layer; and a fluorescent layer. The light-permeable substrate has a surface, and the line-shaped cathodes, with a plurality of carbon nanotubes formed and/or deposited thereon, are located on the surface of the light-permeable substrate. The anode faces the cathodes and is spaced from the cathodes to form a vacuum chamber. The light-reflecting layer is formed on the anode and faces the cathode. The fluorescent layer is formed on the light-reflecting layer.

Abstract: A field emission cathode includes a conductive substrate and a carbon nanotube film disposed on a surface of the conductive substrate. The carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of successive and oriented carbon nanotube bundles parallel to the conductive substrate, the carbon nanotubes partially extrude from the carbon nanotube film. A method for fabricating the field emission cathode includes the steps of: (a) providing a conductive substrate; (b) providing at least one carbon nanotube film, the carbon nanotube film including a plurality of successive and oriented carbon nanotube bundles joined end to end, the carbon nanotube bundles parallel to the conductive substrate, and (c) disposing the at least one carbon nanotube film to the conductive substrate to achieve the field emission cathode.

Abstract: It is possible to provide an electron emission cathode, an electron emission source having a high-luminance and narrow energy width by using diamond and an electronic device using them. The diamond electron discharge cathode has a monocrystal diamond at least at a part of it. The diamond electron emission cathode has a columnar shape including a sharpened section and a heating section. The sharpened section has an electron emission section. The electron emission section and the heating section are formed by diamond semiconductor, which is formed by a p-type semiconductor containing 2×1015 cm?3 of p-type impurities or above. The electron emission section has the semiconductor. A metal layer is formed on the surface of the electron emission cathode. The metal layer exists at least at a part of the heating section. The distance from the electron emission section to the position nearest to the end of the metal layer is 500 ?m.

Abstract: A color field emission display includes a sealed container having a light permeable portion and at least one color element enclosed in the sealed container. The color element includes a cathode, at least two anodes, at least two phosphor layers and at least two CNT strings. The phosphor layers are formed on the end surfaces of the anode. The CNT strings are electrically connected to and in contact with the cathode with the emission portion thereof suspending. The phosphor layers are opposite to the light permeable portion, and one emission portion is corresponding to one phosphor layer. The luminance of the color FED is enhanced at a relatively low voltage.

Abstract: A display device including a insulating substrate, an organic layer disposed on the insulating substrate, a common electrode disposed on the organic layer and a bead layer including a plurality of beads through which light from the organic layer passes. A method of fabricating a display device, the method including forming an organic film on a insulating substrate, forming a first transparent electrode layer on the organic film and forming a bead layer including a plurality of beads on the first transparent electrode layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel photoimageable compositions for improving the emission of electron field emitters. These compositions are comprised of carbon nanotubes and metal resinate.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to provide an inexpensive and highly durable electrode which is capable of causing hydrogen peroxide to generate a current output in the same manner as those of platinum or iridium. A working electrode (9) (electrode for electrochemical measurement apparatus (1)) for use in an electrochemical measurement apparatus 3 according to the invention is made of an alloy containing iridium and niobium, and the alloy has such a composition as to enable measurement of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: An electron beam apparatus 11 comprises a substrate 1, a first electrode wiring 2 formed on the substrate 1, an insulating layer 4 covering the first electrode wiring 2, a second electrode wiring 3 formed on the insulating layer 4 so as to cross the first electrode wiring 2, and on the substrate 1, an electron emitting device 6 located distant from an electrode wiring crossing region 9 where the first electrode wiring 2 and the second electrode wiring 3 cross each other, and connected to both the first electrode wiring 2 and the second electrode wiring 3 so as to receive drive energy from the first electrode wiring 2 and the second electrode wiring 3, wherein a void 5 is formed between the first electrode wiring 2 and the second electrode wiring 3 in at least a part of the electrode wiring crossing region 9.

Abstract: A method of making an electron-emitting device has the steps of disposing a film containing metal on a substrate, arranging a plurality of catalytic particles on the film containing metal, and heat-treating the substrate on which the plurality of catalytic particles are arranged under circumstance including hydrocarbon gas and hydrogen to form a plurality of carbon fibers. Catalytic particles contain Pd and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, Y, Rh, Pt, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Lu, and 20˜80 atm % (atomic percentage) or more of the at least one element is contained in the catalytic particles relative to Pd.

Abstract: A surface-conduction electron emitter includes a substrate, two electrodes disposed on the substrate and parallel to each other, and a plurality of line-shaped carbon nanotube elements fixed on at least one electrode. One end of each carbon nanotube element points to the other electrode. An electron source using the surface-conduction electron emitter includes a substrate, a plurality of electrodes disposed on the substrate and parallel to each other, and a plurality of line-shaped carbon nanotube elements fixed on at least one electrode. One end of each carbon nanotube element points to the other electrode.

Abstract: A dielectric device of higher performance is provided. An electron emitter, to which the dielectric device is applied is provided with: an emitter including a dielectric; and an upper electrode and a lower electrode to which drive voltage is applied in order to emit electrons. The emitter is formed by the aerosol deposition method or the sol impregnation method.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a field emission electrode includes humidification processing to absorb water at a surface of an electron emission film emitting electrons as a result of application of a voltage, and voltage application processing to apply an aging voltage between the humidified electron emission film and an electrode provided facing the electron emission film.

Abstract: A flat panel display including: a plurality of electrically addressable pixels; a plurality of thin-film transistor driver circuits each being electrically coupled to an associated at least one of the pixels, respectively; a passivating layer on the thin-film transistor driver circuits and at least partially around the pixels; a conductive frame on the passivating layer; and, a plurality of nanostructures on the conductive frame; wherein, exciting the conductive frame and addressing one of the pixels using the associated driver circuit causes the nanostructures to emit electrons that induce the one of the pixels to emit light.

Abstract: A multifunction module for an electron beam column comprises upper and lower electrodes, and a central ring electrode. The upper and lower electrodes have multipoles and are capable of deflecting, or correcting an aberration of, an electron beam passing through the electrodes. A voltage can be applied to the central ring electrode independently of the voltages applied to the upper and lower electrodes to focus the electron beam on a substrate.

Abstract: An emitter (F) for incandescent light sources, in particular a filament, capable of being brought to incandescence by the passage of electric current is obtained in such a way as to have a value of spectral absorption ? that is high in the visible region of the spectrum and low in the infrared region of the spectrum, said absorption ? being defined as ?=1????, where ? is the spectral reflectance and ? is the spectral transmittance of the emitter.

Abstract: Particles, which may include nanoparticles, are mixed with carbon nanotubes and deposited on a substrate to form a cold cathode. The particles enhance the field emission characteristics of the carbon nanotubes. An additional activation step may be performed on the deposited carbon nanotube mixture to further enhance the emission of electrons.

Abstract: A composition for forming an electron emission source includes a polymer comprising a carbon-based material; a vehicle; and a unit of formula (1) below: wherein A1 is a single bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkylene group; and Z1 and Z2 are each hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, an —NR1R2 group, a part of a styrene group resin, or a part of a novolac resin, and R1 and R2 are each hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl group. An electron emission source may be formed from the composition for forming an electron emission source, and an electron emission device and an electron emission display device may include the electron emission source. When the composition is used to form an electron emission source, the printability of the composition is improved and thus repeated printings can be carried out.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochromic display element which can achieve a bright white display, a high contrast of white/black display and a full-color display in a simple member structure. In a display element, an electrolyte is contained between counter electrodes. A compound represented by Formula (A) is immobilized on at least one of the counter electrodes, wherein the ratio of the region on which the compound represented by Formula (A) is immobilized to the region on which the compound is not immobilized is 1:4 to 4:1. The electrolyte comprises a metal salt compound. A black display, a white display and a color display having a color other than black are achieved by operating the counter electrodes. In Formula (A), R22 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; R23 and R24 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent; X represents >N—R25, an oxygen atom or sulfur atom; and R25 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.

Abstract: A field emission element includes one supporting wire and at least one field emission layer coated or otherwise formed on an outer surface of the supporting wire. Each field emission layer includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and is selected from a group consisting of CNT-polymer composites, CNT-glass composites and single-layer/multi-layer CNT films. A method for manufacturing the described field emission element is also provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) providing one supporting wire; (b) forming at least one field emission layer on an outer surface of the supporting wire; and (c) cutting the supporting wire, after forming the at least one field emission layer thereon, according to a predetermined length and then treating the at least one field emission layer on the supporting wire to form the field emission element.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a surface-conduction electron emitter includes the steps of: (a) providing a substrate; (b) disposing two lower layers on the surface of the substrate, the two lower layers are parallel and apart from each other; (c) disposing a plurality of carbon nanotube elements on the lower layers; (d) disposing two upper layers on the two lower layers, and thereby, sandwiching the carbon nanotube elements therebetween; and (e) forming a micro-fissure between the carbon nanotube elements.

Abstract: Means for achieving the purpose of the present invention includes an field emission type cathode composed of a single fibrous carbon substance and a conductive substrate supporting the same; an extraction apparatus for causing field emission of electrons; and an accelerator for accelerating electrons, wherein the aforementioned field emission type electron gun is further contains means for heating the aforementioned field emission cathode, and means for applying the voltage of the polarity that does not allow the aforementioned field emission type cathode to field-emit electrons. Thereby, the amorphous carbon is removed from the tip end of the fibrous carbon substance of the field emission type electron gun, without the tip end thereof being damaged.

Abstract: An electron emission display device is constructed with first and second substrates facing each other, cathode electrodes formed on the first substrate, electron emission regions electrically connected to the cathode electrodes, and red, green and blue phosphor layers formed on a surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate. Each cathode electrode is constructed with a first electrode having opened portions arranged at the corresponding unit pixels defined on the first substrate with the same size, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode within the opened portion, and a resistance layer disposed between the first and the second electrodes to electrically interconnect the first and the second electrodes. The distance between the first and the second electrodes corresponding to the red, green and blue phosphor layers is established to be proportional to the light emission efficiency of the corresponding red, green and blue phosphor layers.

Abstract: Surface field electron emitters using a carbon nanotube yarn and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed. To fabricate the carbon nanotube yarn for use in fabrication of simple and efficient carbon nanotube field electron emitters, the method performs densification of the carbon nanotube yarn during rotation of a plying unit and heat treatment of the carbon nanotube yarn that has passed through the plying unit without using organic or inorganic binders or polymer pastes. The method fabricates the carbon nanotube yarn with excellent homogeneity and reproducibility through a simple process. The carbon nanotube yarn-based surface field electron emitters can be applied to various light emitting devices.

Abstract: In a discharge device for performing streamer discharge between a discharge electrode (41) including a plurality of discharge parts (61) and a counter electrode (42) including a plurality of counter parts (62) confronting the discharge parts (61), a resistor (60) is provided in a current carrying path between power source means (45) and the discharge parts (61).

Abstract: This invention relates to a triode type cathode structure comprising a cathode conductor (22), an electrical insulation layer (24) and a grid electrode (25), superposed on a support (21), the electrical insulation layer and the grid electrode comprising openings exposing at least one electron emitting element, electrically connected to the cathode conductor (22) and comprising nanotubes (28) made of an electron emitting material. The cathode structure comprises protective means preventing the longest nanotubes from coming into contact with the grid electrode (25).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for formatting an electron emission source of an electron emission device, and an electron emission source comprising the same. The composition comprises a paste comprising multi-walled carbon nanotubes exhibiting an RBM (Radial Breathing Mode) peak. The paste further comprises an inorganic powder, a binder resin, and an organic solvent. The electron emission source made from the composition of the present invention improves the lifetime and electron emission characteristics of the electron emission device by using multi-walled carbon nanotubes having excellent lifetime and electron emission characteristics.

Abstract: A novel carbon nanotube (64) is featured in that it has the highest Raman scattering intensity in the vicinity of 1580 cm?1 in its Raman spectrum. Carbon nanotubes can be grown on and from the catalytic fine particles (63) which consist of ultra-fine particles of cobalt oxide catalyst onto a substrate comprising a conductive substrate (62) and fine particles (63) of catalyst formed on a surface thereof. An electron emission device (60) so configured as to emit electrons by applying a voltage to apical ends (64a) of such carbon nanotubes (64) can be reduced in driving voltage and can achieve a current such as to emit a fluorescent material on the market for low-velocity electron beams. The electron emission device (60) needs no gate and can thus simplify the structure and reduce the cost of a surface light-emitting device for which the element is used.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions of matter that contain an electron emitting substance and an expansion material. The expansion material may, for example, be an intercalation compound. When a film is formed from the composition, expansion of the expansion material typically causes rupturing or fracturing of the film. No further treatment of the surface of the film is typically required after expansion of the expansion material to obtain good emission properties. A surface formed from such a fractured film acts as an efficient electron field emitter and thus is useful in vacuum microelectronic devices.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a photosensitive paste composition for a plasma display panel (PDP) electrode capable of minimizing edge curl, i.e., a phenomenon in which the edge of an electrode pattern portion is curled during baking and thus improving withstand voltage. The photosensitive paste composition comprises 40 to 55% by weight of a conductive powder, 5 to 15% by weight of an inorganic binder, 35 to 55% by weight of an organic vehicle, and the remaining percentage by weight of a solvent, wherein the inorganic binder is present in an amount of 15 to 35 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the conductive powder. Further disclosed are a plasma display panel (PDP) electrode fabricated using the composition, and a plasma display panel (PDP) comprising the electrode.

Abstract: A field emission element includes at least one supporting wire and at least one carbon nanotube wire. The supporting wire and the carbon nanotube wire are twisted together. A method for manufacturing the described field emission element is also provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) providing at least one carbon nanotube wire and at least one supporting wire; (b) twisting the carbon nanotube wire and the supporting wire together to form a multi-strand structure by a spinning process; and (c) cutting the multi-strand structure according to a predetermined length to form a field emission element.

Abstract: An object is to provide an electron emission cathode and an electron emission source using diamond and having a high brightness and a small energy width that are suitable for electron ray and electron beam devices and vacuum tubes, in particular, electron microscopes and electron beam exposure devices, and also electronic devices using such cathode and source. A diamond electron emission cathode according to the present invention has single crystal diamond in at least part thereof, the diamond electron emission cathode having a columnar shape formed by a sharpened acute section and a heating section, being provided with one electron emitting portion in the sharpened acute section, and being constituted of at least two types of semiconductors that differ in electric properties.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device includes an electroconductive member and a lanthanum boride layer on the electroconductive member and further includes an oxide layer between the electroconductive member and the lanthanum boride layer. The oxide layer can contain a lanthanum element. The lanthanum boride layer can be overlaid with a lanthanum oxide layer.

Abstract: A CNT field emitting light source (20) is provided. The light source includes an anode (202), an anode substrate (201), a cathode (214), a cathode substrate (208), a fluorescent layer (203) and a sealing means (205). The anode is configured on the anode substrate, and the cathode is configured on the cathode substrate. The anode and the cathode are oppositely configured to produce a spatial electrical field when a voltage is applied therebetween. The cathode includes an emitter layer (206), capable of emitting electrodes bombarding the cathode and matters attached thereupon when activated and controlled by the spatial electric field, and a conductive layer (207), sandwiched between the cathode substrate and the emitter layer for providing an electrically connection therebetween. The fluorescent layer is configured on a surface of the anode oppositely facing the emitter layer, so as to produce fluorescence when bombarded by electrodes emitted from the emitter layer.

Abstract: A field emission luminescent lamp includes a bulb (40) being vacuum sealed and defining an inner surface; a lamp head mated with the bulb; an electron emitting cathode filament (20) having a conductive wire (10) and a plurality of electron emitters (12) formed thereon, the electron emitting cathode filament is positioned in the bulb; an anode layer (44) formed on the inner surface of the bulb; a phosphor layer (42) formed on the anode layer; an anode electrode (56) located at the lamp head and electrically connected with the anode layer; and a cathode electrode (54) located at the lamp head and electrically connected with the electron emitting cathode filament. The lamp may further include a gate grid (62) and a gate electrode (54). The gate grid defines a number of grid holes and surrounds the cathode filament. The gate grid is electrically connected with the gate electrode.

Abstract: Provided are a carbon nanotube in which a difference between a thermal decomposition initiation temperature and a thermal decomposition termination temperature is less than or equal to approximately 250° C., an electron emission source including the carbon nanotube, and an electron emission device including the electron emission source.

Abstract: A dielectric-film-type electron emitter includes an emitter section, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The emitter section is formed of a thin layer of a polycrystalline dielectric material. The dielectric material constituting the emitter section is formed of a material having high mechanical quality factor (Qm). Specifically, the dielectric material has a Qm higher than that of a so-called low-Qm material (a material having a Qm of 100 or less). The Qm of the dielectric material is preferably 300 or more, more preferably 500 or more.

Abstract: An electron emission display includes first and second substrates facing each other, a plurality of election emission regions provided on the first substrate, a black layer formed on a first surface of the second substrate between the phosphor layers, and an anode electrode coupled to the phosphor and black layers. The anode electrode has a light transmissivity ranging from about 3% to about 15%. A method of forming the anode electrode includes forming an interlayer on the phosphor and black layer, depositing a conductive material on the second substrate, and removing the interlayer through a firing process.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes are grown on a first substrate. The CNTs grown on the first substrate are immersed in a biological solution at a predetermined depth to functionalize ends of the CNTs with a biological molecule. The functionalized CNTs are harvested from the first substrate. A second substrate is functionalized with a complementary biological modification, which is a complementary binding partner to the biological molecule functionalized to the ends of the CNTs. The functionalized CNTs are attached to the second substrate by way of the complementary binding partner.

Abstract: A field emission electron source (10) includes a conductive base (12), a carbon nanotube (14), and a film of metal (16). The conductive base includes a top (122). One end (142) of the carbon nanotube is electrically connected with the top of the conductive base. The other end (144) of the carbon nanotube extends outwardly away from the top of the conductive base. The film of metal is formed on the nearly entire surface of the carbon nanotube and at least on the portion of the top of the conductive base proximate the carbon nanotube. A method for manufacturing the described field emission electron source is also provided.

Abstract: Flame spray pyrolysis can be performed using aqueous solvents for the delivery of metal and/or metalloid oxide precursors while obtaining desirably high flame temperatures for the synthesis of uniform submicron inorganic oxide particles. A multiple liquid channel nozzle can be used to deliver liquid for the formation of the aerosol that is combusted in the flame. One or both channels can deliver liquid with metal/metalloid precursors and/or organic fuels. Flame spray pyrolysis can be used to form metal tungsten oxide submicron particles. Metal tungsten oxide compositions can be used in the formation of transparent electrodes. If the transparent electrodes are formed from polymer inorganic particle composites, the composites can further comprise electrically conductive nanoparticles to improve the electrical conductivity.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device includes a pair of oppositely disposed electrodes and an electroconductive film arranged between the electrodes and including a high resistance region. The high resistance region has a deposit containing carbon as a principal ingredient. The electron-emitting device can be used for an electron source of an image-forming apparatus of the flat panel type.

Abstract: Disclosed are to provide a modified carbon nanotube obtained by reacting a polymer to a carbon nanotube by a radical graft method, capable of minimizing lowering of a physical property of a carbon nanotube caused when being modified, and capable of enhancing dispersibility of the carbon nanotube and an adhesion strength between carbon nanotubes, the polymer having a molecular weight controlled by a living radical polymerization and still having a living radical end group.

Abstract: An electron emission source includes nano-sized acicular materials and a cracked portion formed in at least one portion of the electron emission source. The acicular materials are exposed between inner walls of the cracked portion. A method for preparing the electron emission source, a field emission device including the electron emission source, and a composition for forming the electron emission source are also provided in the present invention.

Abstract: Described is a method for preparation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with medium to low-site density growth for use in field emission devices (FEDs). The method involves the deposition of a non-catalytic metal layer (interlayer), preferably a metallic conductor, onto the surface of a substrate, prior to the deposition of a catalytic layer (overlayer). The interlayer allows for only partial (sparse) growth of CNTs on the substrate, and helps to prevent resist layer “lift-off” when photolithographic processing is employed.