Abstract: A lamp having a longitudinal axis, comprising of a burner pinched at one end and a cement less base holding the contact points protruding from the burner. At least one end of the burner is sealed and aligned at the centre of the base in an upright direction following the lamp axis by means of a spring clip, which is mounted from the side of the pinch of the burner and does not interfere with the lead wires.

Abstract: An inductively coupled plasma charged particle source for focused ion beam systems includes a plasma reaction chamber with a removably attached source electrode. A fastening mechanism connects the source electrode with the plasma reaction chamber and allows for a heat-conductive, vacuum seal to form. With a removable source electrode, improved serviceability and reuse of the plasma source tube are now possible.

Abstract: Provided is a charged particle beam microscope which has a small mechanical vibration amplitude of a distal end of an emitter tip, is capable of obtaining an ultra-high resolution sample observation image and removing shaking or the like of the sample observation image. A gas field ion source includes: an emitter tip configured to generate ions; an emitter-base mount configured to support the emitter tip; a mechanism configured to heat the emitter tip; an extraction electrode installed to face the emitter tip; and a mechanism configured to supply a gas to the vicinity of the emitter tip, wherein the emitter tip heating mechanism is a mechanism of heating the emitter tip by electrically conducting a filament connecting at least two terminals, the terminals are connected by a V-shaped filament, an angle of the V shape is an obtuse angle, and the emitter tip is connected to a substantial center of the filament.

Abstract: A lighting device includes at least one first electrically activated emitter, at least one lumiphor support element comprising a lumiphoric material spatially segregated from the first electrically activated emitter and arranged to receive at least a portion of emissions from the first electrically activated emitter, and at least one second electrically activated emitter disposed on or adjacent to the at least one lumiphor support element. First and second electrically activated emitters having different peak wavelengths may be in conductive with first and second device-scale heat sinks, respectively.

Abstract: An irradiation device includes: a light source having an amalgam alloy member that is disposed on a part of the inner surface of a light source tube; and a chamber in which the light source is disposed. The chamber includes: a main chamber body; and a first gas inflow port and a first gas outflow port that are formed in the main chamber body. The first gas inflow port and the first gas outflow port are arranged so that the outer surface of the part of the light source tube where the amalgam alloy member is disposed is positioned in a flow path of a gas that flows in through the first gas inflow port and flows out through the first gas outflow port.

Abstract: An LED lamp includes a heat dissipator, a cap, a module substrate fixed to an end of the heat dissipator and on which an LED chip is mounted, a light diffusing member mounted on an end surface of the heat dissipater so as to be located opposite the LED chip, a lighting circuit incorporated in the heat dissipator, and a glass block having an open end and formed with a recess. The light diffusing member is accommodated in the recess of the block through the open end of the glass block, and the heat dissipator is secured to the block so that the heat dissipator and the cap are exposed outside the block. When the block is placed on a placement surface, the LED lamp stands by itself by weight of the block in such a manner that the cap is prevented from contacting the placement surface.

Abstract: An inductively coupled plasma charged particle source for focused ion beam systems includes a plasma reaction chamber with a removably attached source electrode. A fastening mechanism connects the source electrode with the plasma reaction chamber and allows for a heat-conductive, vacuum seal to form. With a removable source electrode, improved serviceability and reuse of the plasma source tube are now possible.

Abstract: A refillable plasma cell for use in a laser-sustained plasma light source includes a plasma bulb, the bulb being formed from a glass material substantially transparent to a selected wavelength of radiation, and a gas port assembly, the gas port assembly being operably connected to the bulb and disposed at a first portion of the gas bulb, wherein the bulb is configured to selectively receive a gas from a gas source via the gas port assembly.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp electrode of the present invention includes a core rod (10), a head (20), and a coil (30) covering the head. The head includes a smaller-diameter section (21) on the core-rod side and a larger-diameter section (22) on a tip side. The coil covers the smaller-diameter section such that a winding-start end portion (30a) of the lowermost layer is positioned at the tip side of the smaller-diameter section, and covers the smaller-diameter section and the larger-diameter section such that a winding-finish end portion (30b) of the uppermost layer is positioned on the larger-diameter section. At least a portion of the coil is welded to the larger-diameter section.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp may include a discharge vessel, which contains: electrodes, at least one noble gas as a start gas, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, In, Mg, Tl, Hg, and Zn for arc transfer and discharge vessel wall heating, and at least one rare earth halide for the generation of radiation, which is configured such that the generated light is dominated by molecular radiation, wherein at least one member of a first group of rare earth halides is used together with at least one member of a second group of rare earth halides, the first group having the property that the color distance decreases with a power increase when the power of the lamp is increased in a predetermined power interval, and the second group having the property that the color distance increases with a power increase when the power of the lamp is increased in this predetermined power interval.

Abstract: A discharge lamp may include a substantially ellipsoidal discharge vessel that surrounds an anode and a cathode that are respectively fixed by current-carrying electrode holders, the latter being guided through bulb shafts arranged diametrically on the discharge vessel, there being provided around the electrode holders at the transition from the discharge vessel to the bulb shafts constrictions that form a connecting channel between the discharge space, surrounded by the discharge vessel, and in each case the bulb shaft spaces surrounded by the bulb shafts, wherein at least one of the discharge vessel, the constrictions and the anode coating is designed in such a way as to reduce or avoid blackening of the discharge vessel in the light-emitting region.

Abstract: A high-pressure gas discharge lamp includes at least a lamp tube and two electrodes. The two electrodes are each attached to the lamp tube by a sealed area and, outside the sealed area, each electrode has a perpendicular minimum distance, with respect to its longitudinal axis, from the lamp tube.

Abstract: A light emission device and a display device having the light emission device are provided. The light emission device includes first and second substrates that are arranged to face each other, an electron emission unit that is located on a first surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate and has electron emission regions and driving electrodes, a light emission unit that is located on a surface of the second substrate and has an anode electrode and one or more phosphor layers, and a surface heat generation unit that is located on a second surface (or outer surface) of the first substrate facing away from the second substrate to control a temperature of the first substrate using a resistive layer having a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) property.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure gas discharge lamp which comprises at least a lamp tube (1) and two electrodes (41, 42), wherein the two electrodes (41, 42) are each attached to the lamp tube (1) by a sealed area and, outside the sealed area, each electrode has a perpendicular minimum distance, with respect to its longitudinal axis, from the lamp tube (1).

Abstract: A flat luminescence lamp includes a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface, a second substrate having a first surface disposed facing opposite to the first surface of the first substrate, a first luminescence layer formed on the first surface of the first substrate, a second luminescence layer formed on the first surface of the second substrate, and a plurality of grooves formed on the second surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp has a support structure for supporting a light emission tube so as to restrict its displacement in a direction perpendicular to the axis line thereof. A pair of thermal-stress generation members generates thermal stresses due to a temperature change at a time of switching the high-pressure discharge lamp from an on status to an off status. The thermal stresses acts as forces directed downward in a vertical direction and outward with respect to the light emission tube on side tube portions of the light emission tube arranged in a posture where the axis line extends in a horizontal direction.

Abstract: A dielectric barrier discharge lamp has elongated electrodes (3) that are arranged on the inside of the wall of the discharge vessel (2) and are covered by a dielectric layer (4). Arranged on the outside of the wall of the discharge vessel (2) is an electrically conductive means (8) that is limited with reference to the longitudinal axis to a subregion (B) of the discharge vessel wall, for example a metal ring. The startability of the dielectric barrier discharge lamp when first being started or after long operational pauses is improved thereby.

Abstract: Insulating ceramic parts for insulating collector electrodes in a traveling wave tube and a vacuum envelope are formed in a cylindrical shape in which the central axis of the inner diameter diverges from the central axis of the outer diameter and are constructed such that holes are provided in portions of the insulating ceramic parts where the thickness in the radial direction is great, and high-voltage leads for supplying prescribed voltages to said collector electrodes from the exterior pass through these holes.

Abstract: A flash discharge lamp includes a pair of electrodes i.e. an anode and a cathode, oppositely disposed in at both ends of the glass bulb. An electro-conductive member is provided on the outer surface of the glass tube. A triggering electrode is mounted on the cathode and electrically connected to the electro-conductive member. Xenon gas is sealed in the glass tube. The flash discharge lamp further includes at least one High Temperature Resistant electrode mounted on the cathode and at least one Getter electrode mounted on the cathode and/or the anode. Not only can the above design increase the discharge output power and the discharge frequency, but it also extends the life expectancy of the flash discharge lamp.

Abstract: A pair of electrodes (3) are provided in an arc tube (1) I/S is 20 (A/mm2) or less on a condition that an area of a cross section at a tip of the electrodes (3) is S (mm2) and an operating current between the electrodes (3) is I (A). According to this constitution, a long lamp life can be obtained without causing a rise in the lamp voltage and the blackening of the arc tube (1) by the evaporation of the electrodes while operation time becomes longer.

Abstract: A photodetecting device is characterized by comprising a photodetecting section having a photoelectric surface for emitting photoelectrons upon incidence of light, a semiconductor detection element having an electron incident surface on which the photoelectrons can be incident, and a vacuum vessel in which the photoelectric surface is arranged on one inner surface, and the semiconductor detection element is arranged on the other inner surface opposing the one surface, and cooling means for cooling a structure on the semiconductor detection element side of the vacuum vessel.

Abstract: A laser CRT includes a vacuum bulb provided with a metal flange, and a laser screen secured in the metal flange and having a laser target mounted on the side of the vacuum bulb. A high-voltage input passes through the wall of the vacuum bulb at a distance from the metal flange, the laser target being electrically insulated from the metal flange and connected to the high-voltage input through an electrically conductive element disposed inside the vacuum bulb. The laser CRT further includes two screening electrodes mounted inside the vacuum bulb in the interspace between the wall of the vacuum bulb, the metal flange, the high-voltage input and the electrically conductive element, the screening electrodes being respectively connected to the high-voltage input and to the metal flange and extending from them towards each other so as to prevent electrical discharges between the metal flange and the high-voltage input and between the metal flange and the electrically conductive element in the interspace.

Abstract: A laminated ceramic capacitor is provided having superior elastic and bending characteristics and having a high mechanical strength withstanding the thermal shock generated when mounting is performed on a circuit substrate by soldering. The laminated ceramic capacitor is composed of a laminate and external electrodes, wherein the laminate is formed of a plurality of ceramic layers and a plurality of internal electrodes provided therebetween so that an end of each internal electrode is exposed at one of edge surfaces of the laminate, and the external electrodes are connected to the internal electrodes and contains a conductive component and a glass having a Young's modulus of about 9×109 Pa or less.

Abstract: A short arc lamp with a reflection surface integrated in one piece, and in which, even when the lamp is being operated over a long time, neither a reduction of the reflection factor nor breakage of the lamp main part occurs is achieved.

Abstract: An arc lamp with a housing including a base, an inert gas in the housing, a pair of spaced electrodes in the housing for establishing an arc in the gas to generate a radiation output, a window area on the housing for transmitting forward radiation generated by the arc, and an absorbing medium on the opposite side of the electrodes from the window for preventing backscatter radiation from the arc from passing through the arc and out of the window.

Abstract: A xenon arc lamp comprises a cylindrical ceramic body in which an elliptical reflector is molded to have a diameter of about 1.4 inches. The ends each have metal electrical contact rings, one for the anode and one for the cathode. The body has two different diameters with a step in between at the middle that is formed into the ceramic. A standardized anode heat sink for lesser-powered conventional one inch modular lamp bases is fitted to the base and makes thermal contact to the ledge underside of the step in the ceramic. Thus two dissimilar orthogonal heat transfer interfaces are formed, one radial which is metal to metal, and one axial which is ceramic to metal. A standardized cathode heat sink for the same lesser-powered conventional one inch modular lamp bases is relieved for about half of its inside length to accommodate the 1.4 inch reflector diameter and is fitted to the front.

Abstract: A discharge lamp provided with an anode of the water cooled type achieves advantageous cooling directly connected a tungsten tip piece to a tip of a body element of the anode that is formed of copper has a water cooling arrangement therein, by having a maximum outer diameter of the tungsten tip piece about equal to an outer diameter D (mm) of the body element, and by maintaining the relationship between the outer diameter D and the thickness of the tungsten tip piece L of: 0.2.ltoreq.L/D.ltoreq.0.5.

Abstract: An apparatus to generate corona discharges that consists of (a) a ground electrode tube, (b) a single-opening insulating tube inserted into the ground electrode tube, (c) a high-voltage electrode tube inserted into the insulating tube, and (d) two insulating caps. An air gap is formed between the ground electrode tube and the insulating tube. The high-voltage tube is inserted in the center of the assembly, which is held in position by the insulating caps.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention is a short arc lamp comprising an alumina ceramic cylindrically shaped body with a concave opening at one end that is silvered to form a reflector, a cathode suspended within the concave opening in opposition to an anode that protrudes through a hole in the center of the concave opening from the opposite end of the body, a circular iron base that supports the anode at its center and attaches to the body with a metal ring that bridges a separation between the base and the body, and a copper heat transfer pad that is brazed to the inside of the metal ring and the body such that heat is efficiently transferred from the area of the concave reflector near the hole for the anode to a heat sink that attaches to the metal ring outside the lamp. A copper plug brazed as an integral part of the anode serves to distribute heat efficiently throughout the anode.

Abstract: Heat sink means are provided for a metal halide lamp to enable more light output during lamp start-up. A xenon-metal halide lamp employing the heat sink means is disclosed along an with automotive headlamp having this lamp for its light source.

Abstract: Disclosed is a conduction cooling type multistage collector for use in an electron beam tube in which a plurality of collector electrodes are electrically insulated with insulators, wherein one collector electrode is brazed on the inner surface of one ring-shaped insulator and a metal cylinder is brazed on the end portion of the insulator, whereby a vacuum envelope is formed. The collector has high electric insulation properties and excellent radiation effect.

Abstract: In the electron beam generator cooling is provided by the electrical conductors of the incandescent cathode and control electrode which are configured as heat bridges and connected to cooling plates in the interior of the high-voltage insulator which in turn are connected in a heat-conducting manner to a pot-shaped cooling body. The cooling body, configured as part of a capsule for accommodating circuitry for the control of the electron beam generator, is surrounded by a heat exchanger which is connected to a cooling circuit and is at ground potential, and is insulated from the cooling body by a wall of the high-voltage insulator.

Abstract: An illumination device utilizes an electrical discharge through inert gas especially neon, argon, and mercury vapor or mixtures thereof, the electrical discharge being contained within two or more vitreous plates and confined within one or more channels within the vitreous plates. These channels, in combination with evacuation and gas filling means, provide one or more ionization chambers, the chambers being further provided with integral electrodes in combination with means for both thermally shielding the integral electrodes from the vitreous plates and for prevention of adhesion of the electrodes from the vitreous plates during the thermal sealing of the vitreous plates to form the ionization chamber or chambers.

Abstract: A directly heated cylindrical lanthanum boride cathode assembly is disclosed which minimizes generation of magnetic fields which would interfere with electron emission from the cathode. The cathode assembly comprises a lanthanum boride cylinder in electrical contact at one end with a central support shaft which functions as one electrode to carry current to the lanthanum boride cylinder and in electrical contact, at its opposite end with a second electrode which is coaxially position around the central support shaft so that magnetic fields generated by heater current flowing in one direction through the central support shaft are cancelled by an opposite magnetic field generated by current flowing through the lanthanum boride cylinder and the coaxial electrode in a direction opposite to the current flow in the central shaft.

Abstract: A power electron tube cooled by the circulation of a fluid is disclosed. This tube comprises a hollow, cylindrical anode mounted coaxially around a hollow, cylindrical grid, itself surrounding a cathode. The interior of the anode is hermetically closed. A cooler with forced fluid circulation is formed by two coaxial, cylindrical jackets mounted around the anode. It defines a closed chamber connected to an inlet conduit and a removal conduit for the fluid. An electrical connection part for the anode is brazed, by one side, to the base of the anode and, by the other side, to a part that is solidly joined to the outer jacket of the cooler. This anode connection part forms an impervious wall closing the chamber of the cooler, and is in contact with the cooling fluid.

Abstract: Deep UV projection lithography can be performed using an e-beam pumped solid excimer UV source, a mask, and a UV reduction camera. The UV source produces deep UV radiation in the range 1700-1300A using xenon, krypton or argon; shorter wavelengths of 850-650A can be obtained using neon or helium. A thin solid layer of the gas is formed on a cryogenically cooled plate and bombarded with an e-beam to cause fluorescence. The UV reduction camera utilizes multilayer mirrors having high reflectivity at the UV wavelength and images the mask onto a resist coated substrate at a preselected demagnification. The mask can be formed integrally with the source as an emitting mask.

Abstract: A coated article suitable for use in a vacuum consisting essentially of a refractory metal substrate and a first coating of TiB.sub.2 and Mo. An overcoat of TiB.sub.2 may be applied to the first coating as a second layer upon which additional layers may be applied if desired.

Abstract: A thermal device, such as a glow discharge starter, includes an hermetically sealed envelope containing an ionizable medium, a bimetallic electrode having a bimetallic element associated therewith, and a counter electrode. A mount sealed in the envelope includes a glass stem having a disk-shaped portion extending substantially across the envelope and a longitudinally-extending planar portion. The transverse portion of the mount assists in centering the electrodes within the envelope and preventing the bimetallic element from oxidizing during the manufacturing process when the mount is sealed to the envelope. Preferably, the transverse portion is disk-shaped having a radius within the range of from about 89 t0 93 percent of the internal radius of the envelope. The defined thickness of the planar portion of the glass stem allows rapid transfer of heat during sealing so that the planar portion can effectively be sealed to the envelope without developing seal cracks.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved electron gun in a color picture tube. Such electron gun includes a beam-forming region comprising cathodes and at least two electrodes and a main focus lens formed by two electrodes. The cathodes and all of the electrodes are interconnected to a plurality of insulative support rods. The improvement comprises forming a first focus lens electrode, nearest the beam-forming region, of two separated portions that are electrically connected. The portion of the first focus lens electrode that is nearest the other focus lens electrode only is interconnected to the support rods near the main focus lens. The portion of the first focus lens electrode that is nearest the beam-forming region is connected to the support rods immediately adjacent to a beam-forming electrode.

Abstract: For far-reaching reduction of cataphoresis of a fluorescent lamp for unipolar mode of operation, the anode thereof is such that in order to decrease anode current density its surface effective for the formation of the electric field of discharge amounts to 60-100 % of the maximal cross-sectional area of the discharge envelope, measured vertically to the discharge axis. Suitably the anode is provided with heat dissipators to thereby obtain a still greater temperature gradient. A permanent external heating of the cathode permits a particularly good igniting behaviour and a simple luminosity regulation which are advantageous when the lamp is used for reproduction of alphanumeric characters and images e.g. in a matrix, a display or the like.

Abstract: An arc lamp of the type having an internally integral reflector including an electrode which has an inlet passageway which deliver fluid to a point below the electrode tip and also has an outlet passageway to withdraw fluid from the electrode. The arc lamp further includes a housing which has an internal cavity which houses the body of the arc lamp. The internal cavity of the housing has a spiral passageway which directs fluid around the body of the lamp for improved cooling efficiency.

Abstract: A coupled cavity TWT comprises a hollow copper tube having a plurality of tranverse walls of iron which define cavities. The walls each include an aperture on the longitudinal axis of the tube through which an electron beam passes during operation of the TWT. Any energy dissipated by electrons colliding with the surfaces of the apertures is conducted as heat away from the walls along thermal conduction paths which include copper elongate members.

Abstract: An improvement to an existing crossed-field amplifier is shown which includes the replacement of an existing thermionic emitter with a larger platinum emitter. The platinum emitter is cooled from a surface opposite to the surface upon which a high voltage is applied to permit the form of the existing crossed-field amplifier to be maintained.

Abstract: In an electron tube with coaxial electrodes comprising an anode, a cathode and at least one grid, the base of each electrode being connected to the outside through a connection, there is mounted between the base of the grid and said connection a solid annular piece having a duct for the passage of a cooling fluid, said duct being connected to at least one fluid inlet tube and one fluid outlet tube.

Abstract: An electron tube with a cathode cooling device comprising an anode, a cathode and at least one grid in which the cathode is connected to an output connection through at least one skirt. Inside said tube, at the level of the connection between said skirt and said output connection, a tubular element is provided comprising a spiral shaped part which is extended by at least one inlet tube and one outlet tube emerging on the outside, said tubular element having a cooling fluid flowing therethrough.

Abstract: In a cathode for a heavy-duty electron tube, the cathode wires (5) lying on the surface (11) of a cylinder between two rigidly constructed connector rings (7, 8) have the form of a surface line with changing pitch. The cathode wires are connected by a support ring (6). The thermal expansion of the cathode wires during operation results only in a shifting on the surface (11). In this manner the cylindrical shape of the cathode and thus the distance to the control grid are maintained without the expensive spring suspension device used in the cage cathode.

Abstract: A corona treater includes an active electrode which has one or more insulated electrode elements slidably supported by an insulating track. A contact spring connects each electrode element to a conductive electrode bar embedded in the track, and sheet material to be treated is fed through a treatment zone created between an active discharge surface on each electrode element and a bare metal roller electrode.

Abstract: There is disclosed a liquid cooled stationary anode tube wherein the anode is adapted for irradiation by an energy beam, and includes a heat exchange surface, said tube includes means for providing a flow of coolant liquid to remove heat from said heat exchange surface by formation of nucleate vapor bubbles on said heat exchange surface, said liquid tending to include a viscous sublayer adjacent to said heat exchange surface, the improvement wherein said heat exchange surface includes at least one of: means for forming pressure gradients in said liquid having a component perpendicular to said heat exchange surface to facilitate removal of said nucleate bubbles; and means for breaking up said viscous sublayer to facilitate removal of said nucleate bubbles.

Abstract: An accelerating grid particularly for an ion beam, consisting of at least e orifice plate which is fastened along an elastic outer rim thereof to a support. The orifice plate or plates includes a plurality of through-holes with mutually oriented central axes, preferably directed towards a common focusing point. A plurality of slots in the elastic outer rim maintain the alignment of the orifice plate center relative to the focus point during heat-induced expansion of the plate.

Abstract: A microwave device of the magnetron type comprises an anode block with straps which are located with respect to one another along the axis of the block and are electrically connected to respective vanes of resonators of the block, these vanes having like polarity at the .pi.-mode of oscillations. The anode block is provided with cooling channels adapted to cool the vanes of the resonators and straps, said channels communicating with at least one chamber designed to distribute a liquid coolant and with at least one chamber designed to collect the liquid coolant, said chambers being rigidly connected with the anode block and provided with a hydraulic coupling between them. The straps of the anode block are implemented in the form of ring-like tubes.