Abstract: A lamp arrangement with a lamp and a base which is located on a hermetically sealed portion of the lamp. The base comprises a hollow cylindrical lamp holding part which holds and secures the hermetically sealed portion of the lamp, a bottom which borders the lower end of the lamp holding part, which end faces away from the lamp; and feed components which project from the back end face of the bottom, which end face faces away from the lamp. Between the lamp holding part and the bottom, a heat insulator is formed in which the amount of heat transferred in the axial direction of the base is less than the amount of heat transferred away from the base.

Abstract: A photodetecting device is characterized by comprising a photodetecting section having a photoelectric surface for emitting photoelectrons upon incidence of light, a semiconductor detection element having an electron incident surface on which the photoelectrons can be incident, and a vacuum vessel in which the photoelectric surface is arranged on one inner surface, and the semiconductor detection element is arranged on the other inner surface opposing the one surface, and cooling means for cooling a structure on the semiconductor detection element side of the vacuum vessel.

Abstract: A micro-vacuum device comprises a substrates an emitter having a sharp end formed above the substrate, a gate electrode provided above the emitter, and an anode having cooling means provided oppositely to the substrate above the gate electrode.

Abstract: A halogen lamp having a translucent glass envelope containing a halogen-containing gas sealed therein and including an outer surface and a connection end. The lamp further has a tungsten filament sealed within the envelope for generating light containing visible light and infrared rays, lead-in conductors for connecting the lamp to a source of electricity, molybdenum foils embedded within the connection end of the envelope for electrically connecting the filament to the lead-in conductors and an optical film coated on at least a portion of the envelope for reflecting the infrared rays and transmitting the visible light, the reflected infrared rays generating heat within the envelope which is transmitted by conduction through the envelope, the envelope also including a roughened area free from the optical film on the outer surface between the optical film and the connection end for interrupting the transmission of the heat through the envelope to the molybdenum foils.

Abstract: An X-ray tube including a tubular envelope having therein an X-ray target comprised of a support body made of a first material and provided with a composite surface layer comprising a controlled gradient of a second material disposed in the first material, one of the materials being an X-ray emissive material and the other of the materials being a heat absorbent material, and an electron emitting cathode disposed to beam electrons onto a focal spot area of the composite surface layer.

Abstract: An indirectly-heated cathode device for electron tubes, comprising a hollow cathode sleeve of thin wall, a base metal mounted to one end of the sleeve and having the surface coated with an electron-emitting material, and a heater mounted within the sleeve. The sleeve is made of Ni-Cr alloy containing 2 to 35% by weight of Cr and predetermined amounts of additives including Co, W, Mo and/or Fe.

Abstract: A filament shield for pressed glass reflector lamps is disclosed which comprises an iron base having an aluminum coating thereon heated to produce an FeAl.sub.3 outer layer having a dark, matte finish.

Abstract: A fast warmup cathode comprises a substrate of nickel or cathode nickel alloy having an outer and an inner surface. At least an area of the outer surface is formed to receive an electron emissive material. The inner surface is provided with a high heat radiating material. The high heat radiating material comprises vacuum deposited aluminum or magnesium which has been fired at a temperature above the melting point of the material to provide a surface which is darker than the unaltered surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An electron beam collector for transit time tubes, in particular medium power traveling wave tubes, is electrically insulated from a housing by an intermediate layer which comprises a high-voltage resistant, temperature resistant, flexible synthetic resin sheet which is metallized on both surfaces thereof. The intermediate layer, which is not closed upon itself, encloses the electron beam collector and has edge zones which project along a surface line of the collector and which extend radially outwardly, and against each other, to form a flange. The housing includes a recess which accommodates the flange, the housing including two parts which are secured together to clamp the layer between the collector and the housing in a firm clamped fit.

Abstract: A heat radiating coating of rhenium for a refractory core which may be used for a rotating X-ray anode, power tube or the like. The coating is characterized by a multiplicity of needle-like radiation-reflecting elements disposed adjacent to each other. The needles have such steep angles that incoming radiation is substantially absorbed thereby by repeated reflection. Since the coating has a high radiation absorption coefficient it has a corresponding high emissivity on the order of 0.9 at elevated temperatures. A process is disclosed for depositing such a heat radiating coating of rhenium by chemical vapor deposition.

Abstract: An electron collector for an electron beam tube, in particular a high performance transit time tube, employs a hollow member for receiving the electrons, which hollow member is surrounded by a metallic cooling sleeve which is grounded during operation of the tube and which is electrically insulated therefrom for an operating potential which deviates from the ground potential. The collector is particularly characterized in that it comprises a highly heat resistant material with a low vapor pressure (melting point at least approximately 2,000.degree.C) and apart from an insulating attachment in the area of its electron beam entry opening extends by forming a vacuum space completely free standing into the cooling sleeve. The cooling sleeve is blackened at its inner surface facing the collector and is permeated during operation by a coolant supplied from a forced cooling system.