Abstract: A short cathode ray tube (CRT) is formed wherein the axes of deflection in the X and Y directions are separated, and by bending the electron beam path in a region between the separated axes. The deflections and beam bending may be accomplished magnetically or electrostatically. The CRT may use a single electron gun or a multiple gun assembly.

Abstract: An improved vertical and horizontal deflection electrode system for an electrostatic deflection cathode ray tube which comprises a glass bulb and an electron beam source and vertical and horizontal deflection electrodes formed in patterns and which are applied to the inner surface of the glass bulb and wherein the ratio of the area of the vertical deflection electrodes to the area of the horizontal deflection electrodes is selected to be approximately equal to the deflection aspect ratio of the electron beam and the horizontal and vertical directions which results in the voltage required in the deflection system being substantially decreased.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube comprises an envelope, an electron beam source positioned at one end of the envelope, a target positioned at another end of the envelope, a mesh electrode positioned opposite to the target, and an electrostatic lens means positioned between the electron beam source and the mesh electrode. The lens means has a high-tension electrode and a low-tension electrode positioned along the electron beam path to focus the electron beam. The low-tension electrode is divided into four arrow or zig-zag patterns to deflect the electron beam. The length l between the electron beam source and the mesh electrode and the length x of the high-tension electrode are selected to optimize the magnification, aberration and landing error of the electrostatic lens means.

Abstract: A magnetic focusing and electrostatic deflecting image pickup tube comprises electrostatic deflection electrodes each constituted by a straight arrow pattern yoke composed of straight line segments arrayed in a linear zigzag pattern. The pattern yoke has a twist angle set at a value not greater than 105.degree.. An average value of angles formed by each upper apex and two lower apices adjacent to the upper apex of the zigzag pattern yoke with reference to the axis of the tube lies within a range of 116.degree. to 127.degree..

Abstract: A magnetic focus and electrostatic deflection type image pick-up tube in which electrostatic deflection electrodes assuming a cylindrical shape as a whole are twisted about the axis of the cylinder at an angle selected so as to range from 21.degree. to 60.degree.. The spot of the electron beam is less enlarged in an oval shape at the corners of target in the imaging tube.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube comprises an envelope, an electron gun having a beam limiting aperture, a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode and a mesh electrode, the first, second and third electrodes constituting electrostatic lens system to focus the electron beam, the second electrode being a deflection electrode of arrow or zig-zag patterns to deflect the electron beam, wherein if distance between the beam limiting aperture and the mesh electrode is l, length of the second electrode is made (1/3 l-1/10 l) and (1/3 l+1/10 l), and distance between the beam limiting aperture and the center of the second electrode is made (1/2 l-1/3 l) to (1/2 l).

Abstract: A cathode ray tube comprises an envelope, an electron beam source positioned at one end of the envelope, a target positioned at another end of the envelope, and an electrostatic lens means positioned between the electron beam source and the target. The lens means has a first cylindrical electrode and a second cylindrical electrode positioned along the electron beam path to focus the electron beam. The second cylindrical electrode is divided into four patterned electrodes, and each of the deflection electrodes has a lead which is formed across the first cylindrical electrode but is isolated therefrom. The portion of the leads is positioned to cause a predeflection to the electron beam.

Abstract: A high definition page display system for graphics and text utilizing multiple beams in a CRT is disclosed. Information for the several lines which are written simultaneously is made available in parallel. The invention is described in terms of a character set and text generation, but the same principles apply to any other graphic or bit map and to storage in ROMs or loadable RAMs. Each beam of a multiple CRT tube is biased to generate a portion of a character or graphic as it scans across the tube. It takes 12 lines to scan a character with a N-beam tube, 12 over N character scans are therefore required. With the same scanning speed as with a single beam, this factor can be used to increase definition (i.e. number of lines). Also the advantage of multiple beams can be used to reduce scanning speed, if this is useful to improve brightness or spot definition, or to increase the number of dots per line.

Abstract: A post-deflection accelerating and scan expansion lens system (10) is disclosed which may be used in a cathde ray tube (12). The lens system comprises an accelerating and scan expansion lens (70) of the quadrupole type including a pair of coaxial cylindrical electrodes (72, 74) and first and second compensating lenses (66, 78) on opposite ends thereof to provide a bright image of the desired size in sharp focus and great detail on a fluorescent screen in such tube. The first compensating lens (66) is supported adjacent the input of the accelerating and scan expansion lens to provide a linear magnification of the amount of electron beam deflection produced by the vertical and horizontal deflection plates (46, 48 and 50, 52).

Abstract: A display tube having an electron gun and an electron beam deflector including first and second electrode arrangements disposed successively along the electron beam path from the electron gun. Each electrode arrangement includes a pair of resistive plates extending transverse to the path of the electron beam and disposed on opposite sides of the path. The plates of each electrode arrangement are joined at their top and bottom ends and a potential difference is applied across the plates to provide electrical fields substantially normal to the electron beam path. The fields provided by the respective electrode arrangements are equal and opposite so that the angular deflection of the electron beam caused by the first electrode arrangement is cancelled by the second electrode arrangement and the electron beam leaves the electron beam deflector on a path parallel to (or coincident with) the path it entered the deflector.

Abstract: A generally box shaped, electronic lens system is incorporated in a cathode ray tube for amplification of both horizontal and vertical deflections of the electron beam. The lens system comprises two electrodes, one partly nested in the other with an insulating gap therebetween and both so disposed as to encompass the trajectories of the beam from the deflection system to the target of the CRT. A postaccelerating or other postdeflection electrode is provided to exert its field upon at least the target side end of the lens system. Upon application of prescribed potentials to the two lens electrodes and to the postdeflection electrode, the lens system provides a quadrupolar lens therein for deflection amplification in both directions. The lens system further coacts with the postdeflection electrode to create another electron lens adjacent its beam exit end for converging the beam in one of the orthogonal directions of beam deflection.

Abstract: An electron beam guide assembly for a flat panel display device includes an acceleration electrode having two portions separated by a longitudinal slit. The display device also includes electrodes on support walls which divide the device into channels. By properly voltage biasing the acceleration electrode portions and the support wall electrodes, an electron beam is simultaneously directed to a particular color producing material and transversely scanned across the channels. A color display, therefore, can be produced using one electron beam per channel.

Abstract: The electron beam emanated by a single electron gun falls, after traversing two successive quadrupolar electron lenses, on a beam separator electrode having a pair of vertically spaced apertures formed therethrough for permitting the passage of fractions of the incident beam as two separate beams for dual image display. Subsequently deflected vertically by respective pairs of vertical deflection plates, the two display beams follow their trajectories to a target screen through a focus corrector device, a third quadrupolar electron lens, a pair of horizontal deflection plates, and a dome-shaped scan expansion mesh. Were it not for the focus corrector device, the spots of the display beams on the screen would differ in size according to whether they were deflected upwardly or downwardly by the vertical deflection plate pairs disposed respectively above and below the tube axis.

Abstract: A flat panel display device includes a baseplate assembly which can be readily fabricated using mass production techniques. An insulative modulator support member is affixed to the baseplate in a location accurately defined with respect to location notches in the baseplate. A distal mesh support is accuratey located and maintained with respect to the location notches in a transverse direction and is loosely held in a longitudinal direction. The modulator support member and the distal mesh support contain slots which loosely receive vanes while holding the vanes perpendicular to the baseplate. The vanes thus form channels which extend longitudinally along the baseplate and perpendicular to the modulator support. The modulator support contains a recess extending transversely across the baseplate and a plurality of longitudinally extending recesses positioned in the proximity of the center of the channels.

Abstract: In a flat panel display device including spaced parallel guide meshes between which electron beams propagate, the guide meshes are formed to include projections extending into the electron beam propagation space. The projections restrict the electron propagation space in a direction perpendicular to the planes of the guide meshes and thus capture electrons near the extremities of the space.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube comprising an extra electrode with which the electron beam can be concentrated on a diaphragm aperture and simultaneously a small predeflection of the electron beam is obtained. The extra electrode is, for example, tubular and has oblique cut ends and is situated between two other electrodes. If the extra electrode has the same potential as the two other electrodes it is inoperative. If a suitable negative voltage pulse is supplied to the extra electrode the electron beam is slightly deflected and also concentrated on the diaphragm aperture.

Abstract: A quadripolar lens incorporated in the spray gun of direct vision image storage tubes enables the density of electrons in the spray beam to be controlled, over a wide range, by acting on the potential of the control grid of the gun, without varying the acceleration potentials.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube includes first and second electrostatic quadrupole lens between the electron gun and the vertical deflection plates to properly focus the electron beam before it enters the vertical deflection plates. A third electrostatic quadrupole lens is located between the vertical deflection plates and the horizontal deflection plates to enhance the angle of deflection as well as to properly focus the electron beam as it moves from the vertical deflection plates into the horizontal deflection plates. A meshless scan expansion lens follows the horizontal deflection plates and is formed of aligned tubular members having interdigitated sections thereby forming a fourth quadrupole lens which accelerates the electron beam and expands it prior to being impinged onto the fluorescent screen.

Abstract: An evacuated envelope has a rectangular display section and a gun section at one side of the display section. The display section includes rectangular front and back walls in closely spaced, substantially parallel relation, and a plurality of spaced, substantially parallel support walls between the front and back walls forming a plurality of parallel channels. The gun section extends across one end of the channels and includes gun structure which will selectively direct one or more electron beams along each of the channels. In each of the channels is a beam guide which utilizes "slalom focusing" to confine the electrons in a direction normal to the front and back walls and guide the beam along the length of the channel wherein the electron beam is confined to an undulating path along the channel. The beam guide also includes means for laterally confining the electrons in the beam.

Abstract: An evacuated envelope including a plurality of spaced, parallel support walls extending and substantially perpendicular to flat, substantially parallel front and back walls to provide a plurality of parallel channels extending along the front and back walls. Between each of the support walls and the back wall are a plurality of longitudinally spaced spacer members, each of which has a ledge projecting into an adjacent channel but spaced from the back wall. Within each of the channels is an assembly which includes a pair of spaced, parallel focusing guide grid plates. One of the grid plates has spring tabs at spaced points along its edges which tabs fit under the ledges of the spacer members to hold the assembly in fixed position with respect to the back wall. The other grid plate has spaced location tabs along its edges which engage the spacer members to align the assembly in the channel with respect to the support walls.

Abstract: An improved matrix lens for use in an electron beam optical system of the type having first means for forming a narrow beam of electrons, coarse deflection means associated with the first means for scanning the electron beam to each lenslet of a matrix array of individual lenslets each focussing the beam upon a predetermined portion of a target surface, and fine deflection means cooperating with the matrix lenslet array for scanning the electron beam to each of a plurality of locations in a two dimensional array defined upon the target surface, the improvement herein utilizing a single plate having multiple apertures for forming the matrix lens means and accelerator means utilized with all of the apertures of the lens means for uniform acceleration of the electron beam. An improved fine deflection means utilizes a magnetic deflector positioned adjacent to the under surface of the target and remote from the matrix lens.

Abstract: An evacuated envelope includes spaced, substantially parallel front and back walls, and a plurality of spaced, parallel supports between the front and back walls and forming a plurality of channels. A gun structure at one end of the channels directs at least one beam of electrons along each channel. In each of the channels is at least one beam focusing guide which confines the electrons in the beams but allows the beam to be selectively deflected out of the guide toward a phosphor screen on the inner surface of the front wall. Each of the focusing guides includes spaced walls between which the electron beam passes. Between the gun structure and each of the focusing guides is a beam clean-up section. The beam clean-up section serves to remove from the beam those electrons whose position and velocity vector are such that they would impinge on a wall of its focusing guide during the travel of the electron along the guide.

Abstract: An evacuated envelope has a rectangular display section and a gun section at one edge of the display section. The display section includes front and back walls which are generally rectangular, in closely spaced, parallel relation, and a plurality of spaced, parallel support walls between the front and back walls forming a plurality of parallel channels. The gun section extends across one end of the channels and includes therein gun structure which will direct electrons into the channels. In each of the channels is a beam guide which confines the electrons in a beam and guides the beam along the length of the channel. The beam guide also includes means for selectively deflecting the electron beam out of the guide at selective points along the guide so that beam will impinge upon a phosphor screen along the inner surface of the front wall.

Abstract: A novel method and apparatus for achieving electrostatic deflection of high current ion beams within a scanning apparatus. In one embodiment, a pair of gates are provided, with one gate being oriented proximate each side of the deflection plates, and each gate being biased to a negative voltage of a sufficient amplitude to repel electrons which otherwise would be attracted to the positively-biased deflection plates to thereby protect the electron cloud from degradation, and maintain space charge neutralization of the ion beam. In another embodiment, means are provided to drive the deflection plates at negative voltages at all times and to maintain portions of the ground tube of the apparatus adjacent the deflection plates at a ground or negative level in order to avoid degradation of the electron sheath.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube having electrostatic focusing and electrostatic deflection lens which comprises three cylindrical electrode arranged along a common axis. The end electrodes are supplied by a high focusing voltage and the intermediate electrode is divided into at least three segments, each being supplied by a voltage which is a linear combination of a lower focusing voltage and of two deflection voltages.

Abstract: A two-aperture immersion lens comprising two substantially parallel plates having a plurality of optically aligned apertures therein is disclosed for an electron optical system. The spacing between the plates and the dimensions of the apertures are selected to provide spherical aberration characteristics which are substantially lower than those for the three-aperture Einzel lens. Also, higher beam current densities and longer cathode lifetimes are provided for electron beam systems by employing two-aperture immersion lenses.

Abstract: An evacuated envelope has a rectangular display section and a gun section at one edge of the display section. The display section includes front and back walls which are generally rectangular, in closely spaced, parallel relation, and a plurality of spaced, parallel support walls between the front and back walls forming a plurality of parallel channels. The gun section extends across one end of the channels and includes therein gun structure which will direct electrons into the channels. In each of the channels is a beam guide which confines the electrons in a beam and guides the beam along the length of the channel. The beam guide also includes means for selectively deflecting the electron beam out of the guide at selective points along the guide so that beam will impinge upon a phosphor screen along the inner surface of the front wall.