Abstract: A lighting unit (1) preferably providing backlighting for a flat display device (2) and operating substantially in a vertical working position. The lighting unit (1) includes lamps (3), which are in thermal contact with a heat-conducting wall (5) of a hollow box (6). The lamps (3) make thermal contact with the heat-conducting wall (5) on the side opposite the light-emitting side of the lighting unit (1). The hollow box (6) is provided with a rear wall (8) that runs essentially parallel to the heat-conducting wall (5) and has openings (9) which are distributed across the area thereof. A top sidewall (10) and a bottom sidewall (11) are provided with additional openings (12, 13) in zones that lie closer to the rear wall (8). Preferably, the sidewalls do not have openings in zones located closer to the heat-conducting wall (5) than the additional openings (12, 13).

Abstract: A light emitting diode has: a ceramics substrate that has a high thermal conductivity; a light emitting element that is mounted on the ceramics substrate; and a radiation plate that is bonded to the back surface of the ceramics substrate. The radiation plate contacts the ceramics substrate at a contact region that includes a region of the back surface of the ceramics substrate corresponding to a region of the ceramics substrate on which the light emitting element is mounted.

Abstract: A compact self-ballasted fluorescent lamp has an arc tube in a double-spiral configuration, the arc tube being formed by bending a glass tube around an axis of spiral up to both ends of the glass tube, and a holder that is made of resin and holds this arc tube. Electrodes, each being equipped with a filament coil, are sealed at respective ends of the glass tube. The holder is made up of a holding resin member with a cylindrical shape having a closed bottom and a resin cover in a cone shape, the holder including a circumferential wall and an end wall that is at the edge of the circumferential wall. A heat-dissipating plate is provided inside the holding resin member, at a position corresponding to where the filament coils within the glass tube are.

Abstract: An OLED display comprises a substrate; one or more OLED light emitting elements including a first electrode formed on the substrate, one or more OLED light emissive layers located over the first electrode, and a second electrode located over the OLED light emissive layers; an encapsulating cover located over the second electrode; and a thermally conductive substantially planar backplate extending over an exterior surface of the encapsulating cover or of the substrate and adhered thereto with a thermally conductive adhesive, the backplate having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the substrate or cover, and the adhesive having a thermal conductivity of greater than 0.2 W/mK, or equal to or greater than the thermal conductivity of the cover or substrate to which it is adhered.

Abstract: A heat controlled ultraviolet light apparatus includes a source of ultraviolet light, a cover, and a heating or cooling element that heats/cools the space or gap between the ultraviolet light source and the cover. Accordingly, the ultraviolet light source may be maintained at an optimal temperature thereby maximizing the efficiency of the ultraviolet light source in producing ultraviolet radiation. The apparatus may further include a temperature sensor and a control circuit to automatically control production of heat/cooling by the element based upon the ambient temperatures experienced by the ultraviolet light source during use. Methods are also provided for sanitizing heating and cooling coils of various devices such as an HVAC system, and cooling systems such as a refrigeration unit and an evaporative cooler.

Abstract: A flat luminescence lamp includes a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface, a second substrate having a first surface disposed facing opposite to the first surface of the first substrate, a first luminescence layer formed on the first surface of the first substrate, a second luminescence layer formed on the first surface of the second substrate, and a plurality of grooves formed on the second surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: A gas discharge lamp having a translucent envelope enclosing a light emitting assembly that includes a baffle and an anode separated by one or more spacers made of an electrically insulating material such as ceramic, which are oriented towards a heated cathode to receive electrons emitted therefrom. Each spacer has a front surface, a rear surface, a top surface and a bottom surface including a transverse cavity formed between the front and rear surfaces to permit electrons to flow through. The cavity extends from a first through-hole in the front surface to a second through-hole in the rear surface of the spacer. Further, the cavity includes a gap for allowing conductive materials that may sputter or evaporate from the anode or the baffle to escape from the cavity to prevent short circuiting between the anode and the baffle.

Abstract: A light emitting element has a base made of heat conductive material, a wire plate made of an insulation material and secured to an upper surface of the base. Conductive patterns are secured to the wire plate, and a light emitting chip is secured to the base at an exposed mounting area. The light emitting chip is electrically connected to the conductive patterns.

Abstract: An infrared lamp with a closed-off enveloping tube which encloses an emission source joined with contacts for a power supply in the form of a carbon ribbon which, extending in a direction of a long axis of the enveloping tube, determines an irradiation length of the infrared lamp in the sense of a higher irradiation output. The carbon ribbon has a length which is larger than the irradiation length by a factor of at least 1.5. With a procedure for heating a material to be processed using the infrared lamp, which makes possible short processing times in connection with a simultaneous high degree of energy efficiency, the infrared lamp may be operated such that its maximum emission lies within a wavelength range from 1.8 &mgr;m to 2.9 &mgr;m, and such that its power output comes to at least 15 Watts per cm3 of the volume enclosed by the enveloping tube over the irradiation length.

Abstract: A light source unit includes (a) a light source having a main surface through which a light emitted from the light source passes towards an object, (b) a light-permeable substrate located between the main surface of the light source and the object, (c) a first seal sandwiched between the main surface of the light source and a surface of the light-permeable substrate and defining a first closed space together with the main surface and the surface of the light-permeable substrate, the first closed space being in vacuum, and (d) a heat radiator equipped with the light source for outwardly radiating heat generated in the light source.

Abstract: In a lighting apparatus using microwave energy including a magnetron for generating microwave energy, a bulb for generating lights by the microwave energy, a wave guide for connecting the magnetron and the bulb and transmitting the microwave energy generated in the magnetron to the bulb and a casing housing the magnetron and the wave guide and combining with the bulb, a cooling system of a lighting apparatus using microwave energy comprises a heat exchanger installed to the exterior of a magnetron and having a coolant path, a radiating unit installed to the exterior of a casing and radiating heat of the coolant heated while passing the path of the heat exchanger, and a flow generating means installed between an outlet of the radiating unit and an inlet of the heat exchanger in order to make the coolant circulate the heat exchanger and the radiating unit.

Abstract: A flat fluorescent lamp is provided with one or more protrusions at the periphery thereof, which protrusion(s) extends outwardly beyond the edges of the two glass plates. A lamp holder receives the protrusion of the flat fluorescent lamp so as to hold the same in a manner that no edges of the two parallel glass plates touch or come into contact with the lamp holder.

Abstract: A power-supply device and amplifier are joined by way of a mechanical/thermal interface to form a unit. Electrical connections between the power-supply device and the amplifier chamber are run within this shared unit. A shared electrical interface is provided for external control- and supply signals, respectively.

Abstract: An infrared lamp with a closed-off enveloping tube which encloses an emission source joined with contacts for a power supply in the form of a carbon ribbon which, extending in a direction of a long axis of the enveloping tube, determines an irradiation length of the infrared lamp in the sense of a higher irradiation output. The carbon ribbon has a length which is larger than the irradiation length by a factor of at least 1.5. With a procedure for heating a material to be processed using the infrared lamp, which makes possible short processing times in connection with a simultaneous high degree of energy efficiency, the infrared lamp may be operated such that its maximum emission lies within a wavelength range from 1.8 &mgr;m to 2.9 &mgr;m, and such that its power output comes to at least 15 Watts per cm3 of the volume enclosed by the enveloping tube over the irradiation length.

Abstract: A discharge lamp is provided which employs a higher-pressure and higher-wattage lamp body 1 and is capable of effectively preventing the scattering of broken pieces of the lamp body 1 at explosion of the lamp body 1. The discharge lamp comprises a lamp body 1, a reflector 2 having the lamp body 1, and a front glass fitted on a front portion of the reflector 2, wherein the reflector 2 has vent holes 4 in which mesh sheets 6 or perforated plates 5 are fitted.

Abstract: For a traveling-wave valve arrangement with a traveling-wave valve and a linearizing circuit arrangement, it is proposed to design the linearizing circuit arrangement and the traveling-wave valve as one constructional unit and, for the thermal protection of the linearizing circuit arrangement in the simultaneous presence of a high permissible temperature of the valve housing, to maintain the circuit arrangement by means of an active cooling element at a nondamaging temperature lower than the one of the wall of the valve or of a common wall. The cooling element is preferably a Peltier element.

Abstract: A low voltage display lamp is provided for use in standard threaded lamp sockets. The lamp has a heat shield to reflect infrared radiation (IR) away from the ballast to reduce the ballast's operating temperature. The surface of the heat shield is optically curved to direct the reflected IR back through the front of the lamp such that it exits through the transparent cover rather than being reflected into the lamp housing.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having an envelope formed by first and second substrates disposed at a predetermined distance therebetween and image forming means disposed in the envelope, wherein a heat insulating member is disposed on a surface of the envelope in an area excepting partial surface areas of the first and second substrates.

Abstract: An electrodeless compact fluorescent lamp operated at a frequency from 50 KHz to 1000 KHz and RF power from 10 W to 40 W is described. The lamp includes a bulbous glass envelope (1) filled with rare gas and metal vapor, reentrant glass cavity (2), an induction coil (6) made from Litz wire, a ferrite assembly comprising a ferrite core (7) and MnZn ferrite disk (11), a cooling structure comprising a metal (or ceramic) tube (8) positioned inside the ferrite core (7) and a metal (or ceramic) unit (9) that transmits the heat from the cavity and ferrite assembly to the Edison socket (10), a thermal shield (12), and a driver and matching network located inside the lamp base (13). A protective coating (15) and phosphor coating (16) are coated on the inner surface of the envelope (1) and reentrant cavity (2). The reflective coating (17) made from alumina is coated on the inner surface of the cavity (2) and on the outer surface of the envelope bottom (4).

Abstract: A flat luminescence lamp includes a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface, a second substrate having a first surface disposed facing opposite to the first surface of the first substrate, a first luminescence layer formed on the first surface of the first substrate, a second luminescence layer formed on the first surface of the second substrate, and a plurality of grooves formed on the second surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: A solar/thermal radiation cell device comprising at least two parallel metal or semiconductor plates of equal or unequal dimensions separated by an air or an insulated gap and based on an insulator slab for producing electricity from solar energy. Multiple cells are arranged in a stack and connected in series and/or parallel to cascade the electrical energy obtained.

Abstract: A collector structure comprises a heat sink having a cylindrical opening, a sleeve disposed within the cylindrical opening of the heat sink, and a collector core disposed within the sleeve. The sleeve is comprised of a material having a rate of thermal expansion different than that of the heat sink and is disposed in close contact with the heat sink when the collector is at an elevated operational temperature. A slight gap is defined between the collector core and the sleeve when the collector is at an ambient temperature, and the collector core is in close contact with the sleeve when the collector is at the operational temperature. The heat sink further comprises either copper or aluminum, the sleeve is comprised of molybdenum, and the collector core is comprised of a ceramic material. To manufacture the collector structure, the heat sink is heated to a temperature above the operational temperature and the sleeve is inserted into the cylindrical opening of the heat sink at the elevated temperature.

Abstract: An improved gridded microwave tube is provided, the tube containing a cold cathode, an anode, and a grid located between the anode and cathode. In one embodiment, the cold cathode has a refractory metal substrate and carbon nanotube emitters, the emitters having a diameter of 1 to 300 nm and a length of 0.05 to 100 &mgr;m. The grid-cathode spacing is 1 to 100 &mgr;m, the grid contains apertures having a maximum dimension of 0.5 to 100 &mgr;m, and the grid thickness is 0.5 to 100 &mgr;m. Emission from the cathode directly onto the grid material itself, which undesirably heats the grid, is reduced by either (a) the presence of a shadow mask between the grid and the emitters or (b) selective formation of the emitters in locations that correspond to the grid apertures. The microwave tube operates at a frequency of greater than 0.5 GHz, advantageously greater than 2 GHz.

Abstract: A heat removal system for use in an organic light emitting diode displays is disclosed. The heat removal assembly includes a heat dissipating assembly for dissipating heat from the organic light emitting device, a heat transfer assembly for transferring heat from the top organic light emitting device to the heat dissipating assembly and a cooling assembly for cooling the organic light emitting display device.

Abstract: Embedded electronics (102) are operated under normal operating conditions, with power being supplied to embedded electronics via a power source (205). Heat is generated via the normal operation of the embedded electronics (102), and a voltage (117) is generated via thermionic emission from the heat. The voltage (117) that is generated is supplied to the power source (205) to help power the embedded electronics (102).

Abstract: A lamp assembly comprises a incandescent lamp capable of generating light. The incandescent lamp comprises a incandescent lamp tube and at least one filament. The assembly also comprises a shroud separate from the incandescent lamp and mounted in communication with the lamp tube on an exterior of the incandescent lamp tube. The shroud also comprises a coating disposed on the reflecting section of the shroud for reflecting energy having predetermined wavelengths emitted by the incandescent lamp. The shroud comprises a reflecting section disposed about the incandescent lamp tube, where the geometry of the shroud generally conforms to the geometry of the at least one filament of the lamp, to reflect energy having predetermined wavelengths back substantially toward the incandescent lamp and focusing the reflected energy generally at the at least one filament of the incandescent lamp so as to increase the output from the assembly.

Abstract: A linear-beam microwave tube comprises at least one electron beam directed along an axis crossing a cavity known as an output cavity in which it interacts with a microwave, this cavity having a terminal wall that separates it from a collector, the electron beam penetrating the collector by at least one aperture in the terminal wall. The terminal wall furthermore comprises at least one coupling unit to couple the output cavity with the collector, the microwave having to circulate in the collector before being extracted therefrom. Applications: klystrons and travelling-wave tubes that are easy to mount and inexpensive.

Abstract: A reflector/lamp assembly employs a heat-sink component that includes a rigid, elongate, relatively wide and thin conductor element which is disposed forwardly of the reflector rim and extends radially to a distal point lying substantially beyond the axial projection of the rim. The heat-sink component efficiently dissipates thermal energy without attenuating the reflected radiation and without imposing physical constraints or stresses.

Abstract: A plurality of a U-shaped heat radiation plates are provided on a heat radiating tube. These U-shaped plates have different sizes and elongated in the same direction so as to cross an axis of the tube. The emissive heat radiator may also includes at least one radiating plate 2 substantially perpendicular to each axis of the U-shaped plates. A concave surface of the U-shaped plate is subjected to a radiation surface processing, and a convex surface thereof is subjected to a reflection surface processing.

Abstract: A micro-vacuum device comprises a substrates an emitter having a sharp end formed above the substrate, a gate electrode provided above the emitter, and an anode having cooling means provided oppositely to the substrate above the gate electrode.

Abstract: A collector for a travelling-wave tube includes a collector core and a fin structure surrounding the core and having a plurality of fins for heat radiation. An oxide film having a thickness of greater than 50 .mu.m inclusive is formed on the outer periphery of the fin structure by anodization and has the maximum surface roughness of 12 .mu.m inclusive. When the 50 .mu.m or thicker oxide film is sealed or when a 45 .mu.m or thicker oxide film is formed and sealed, the oxide film is provided with the maximum surface roughness of greater than 12 .mu.m inclusive. The collector with any one of such structures achieves an emissivity of 0.90 or above and can efficiently radiate heat generated by the tube in the space.

Abstract: Apparatus for sealing a chamber having a liquid coolant used for dissipating heat generated by a CRT. The apparatus includes a chassis for housing the CRT, wherein the chassis includes a tapered fill port having an inner wall. In particular, the fill pole is in fluid communication with the chamber and is used for introducing liquid coolant into the chamber. A sealing element is then positioned in the fill port. The sealing element is fabricated from a material having resilient properties and is sized larger than the fill port such that a press fit is formed wherein said sealing element is urged against said inner wall to form a seal.

Abstract: A satellite is formed with a signal translation and amplification system which includes at least one communication path. Each communication path includes a plurality of radiation-cooled TWTs powered by a single EPC. Also included in the communication path is a high efficiency radiation panel capable of transmitting heat generated by said TWTs and EPC into space; as well as a radiating collector which is directly applied to each TWT, and is capable of transmitting heat generated by said TWT into space.

Abstract: An electrodeless light bulb assembly having a standard light bulb base located at one end of an extruded cylindrical heat sink including a set of elongated fins extending radially outward from an annular inner body portion. An electrodeless light bulb, excitation coil, and transparent cover for the bulb are located at the other end of the heat sink. A solid state electrodeless lamp driver circuit is thermally coupled to the heat sink and is located in a hollow inner space region formed by the inner body portion. The annular inner body portion also includes at least one but preferably a plurality of boiler/condenser heat pipes located around its periphery for thermally coupling the heat from excitation coil and the driver to the fins where heat is transferred to the air via natural convection. The excitation coil can be formed from a length of conventional electrical conductor or it can be formed from a length of heat pipe connected at one end to the driver and at the other end to the heat sink.

Abstract: A satellite is formed with a signal translation and amplification system which includes at least one communication path. Each communication path includes a plurality of radiation-cooled TWTs powered by a single EPC. Also included in the communication path is a high efficiency radiation panel capable of transmitting heat generated by said TWTs and EPC into space; as well as a radiating collector which is directly applied to each TWT, and is capable of transmitting heat generated by said TWT into space.

Abstract: A multistage collector for electron-beam tubes, in particular for klystrons, comprising a plurality of electrode rings (7 to 11 ) which are arranged one behind the other in the direction of the electron beam and which are connected to gradually decreasing electric potentials, and comprising insulating ceramic spacer rings (12 to 16) which interconnect adjacent electrode rings (7 to 11) in an electrically insulating vacuum-tight manner.

Abstract: This invention relates to a radiation fin structure of a magnetron and a magnetron which includes such a structure. The fin structure is capable of effectively radiating heat at a high temperature produced during oscillation of the magnetron. The magnetron can be used to generate microwaves which can be emitted into a cavity of a microwave oven. The radiation fin is capable of reducing a separation region in the rear of an anode of the magnetron by guiding cold air which passes through a cooling section of the magnetron to the back side of the anode to generate turbulence within the cooling section. The radiation fin structure incorporated in this invention includes a plurality of pairs of confronting protrusions formed at opposite side portions of the radiation fin. The fins are arranged externally of the magnetron anode equally spaced-apart from one another to guide cold air to the back side of the anode.

Abstract: To provide a fill in a low-power, high-pressure discharge lamp, which is capable of emitting light within a warm white light (WDL) color or neutral white light (NDL) color, that is, in the ranges of between about 2600 to 4600K, the fill has a relative relationship of sodium halide to scandium halide between 5:1 and 24:1, a relationship of sodium halide to thallium halide of 25:1 to 73:1, and a heat damming or heat retention or reflection coating (15, 16) is located at the end caps of the generally bulbous discharge vessel to provide for a cold spot temperature (Tc) of at least 800.degree. C., and preferably higher.

Abstract: A cathode structure for supporting a cathode sleeve of a cathode ray tube includes a plurality of metal ribbons for supporting the cathode sleeve, where one end of a ribbon is fixed to an upper end of the cathode sleeve and the other end of the same ribbon is fixed to an upper end of a cathode holder, that allows thermal expansion of the cathode sleeve to occur towards the cathode holder, and maintain a constant distance between a cathode cup on the cathode sleeve and a first electrode of an electron gun.

Abstract: An electron-beam tube with an electron collector for an electron-beam entering the electron collector in an electron-beam direction. A plurality of large-area projections are provided for heat radiation including a funnel-shaped projection expanding in the electron-beam direction. The funnel-shaped projection includes a smaller opening which is one of directly and indirectly fastened to the collector and including an upstream projection including a surface which is first with respect to the electron-beam direction, the surface facing the arriving electron-beam and the surface being provided with low heat radiation properties. All other surfaces of the plurality of projections having high heat radiation properties higher than the low heat radiation properties. The collector and the plurality of projections being supported by a satellite as a travelling-wave tube with the electron collector radiating into space.

Abstract: The electrodeless low pressure discharge lamp has a lamp vessel (1) having a cavity (3) at an end portion (2) thereof. An electric coil (4) surrounding a plastic tube (5), wherein a liquid filled tubular container (7) surrounded by a soft-magnetic core (6) is present, is accommodated in the cavity (3). The tubular container (7) is at a portion outside the cavity (3) rigidly secured in a recess (82) present in a protrusion (81) present at a flange (8). A mounting member (9) bearing the plastic tube (5) and the lamp vessel (1) is securable to the flange (8).

Abstract: The high pressure discharge lamp has an elongate discharge vessel of ceramic material. The outside surface area of the wall of the discharge vessel is strongly increased by a relief. Since a higher heat flow from the discharge vessel to the environment is possible, the lamp can withstand a higher load. In this way, lamp properties such as luminous flux, color rendering index and/or color temperature can be improved.

Abstract: Heat sink means are provided for a metal halide lamp to enable more light output during lamp start-up. A xenon-metal halide lamp employing the heat sink means is disclosed along an with automotive headlamp having this lamp for its light source.

Abstract: In a lighting fixture including a lamp and a housing, a heat transfer structure is disclosed for reducing the minimum lamp wall temperature of a fluorescent light bulb. The heat transfer structure, constructed of thermally conductive material, extends from inside the housing to outside the housing, transferring heat energy generated from a fluorescent light bulb to outside the housing where the heat energy is dissipated to the ambient air outside the housing. Also disclosed is a method for reducing minimum lamp wall temperatures. Further disclosed is an improved lighting fixture including a lamp, a housing and the aforementioned heat transfer structure.

Abstract: The high-power radiator includes a discharge space (12) bounded by a metal electrode (8), cooled on one side, and a dielectric (9) and filled with a noble gas or gas mixture, both the dielectric (9) and also the other electrode situated on the surface of the dielectric facing away from the discharge space (12) being transparent for the radiation generated by quiet electric discharges. In this manner, a large-area UV radiator with high efficiency is created which can be operated at high electrical power densities of up to 50 kW/m.sup.2 of active electrode surface.

Abstract: A display device exhibiting improved thermal performance at the faceplate by utilizing a layer of thermally highly conductive substantially optically transmissive solid material is provided. According to the invention, an optically transmissive display faceplate is disclosed having a substantially planar optically transmissive base sheet or a substantially optically transmissive region of substantially uniform thickness of a cathode ray tube envelope. On the base sheet is disposed at least one layer of substantially optically transmissive solid material, such as a deposited diamond film, with thermal conductivity greater than that of the faceplate material disposed on at least a part of a major surface of the substantially optically transmissive base sheet or substantially optically transmissive region of substantially uniform thickness of a cathode ray tube envelope.

Abstract: Anode and cathode means are provided for a metal halide lamp which cooperate in providing more rapid light output during lamp start-up. A xenon-metal halide lamp employing the improved discharge electrode means is disclosed along with an automotive headlamp having this lamp for its light source.

Abstract: A magnetron having an anode cylinder, cooling fins fixed thereto, permanent magnets vertically superposed on the anode cylinder and a yoke, serving as a magnetic path, for surrounding these components. The cooling fins extend on the windward direction to facilitate a discharge of the air in the orthogonal direction to the air blowing direction by an arrangement such that an outer width of the fins and a width of the yoke or the former is equalized to a diameter of the anode cylinder. Also included are a dielectric heater having a heating space for accommodating materials for heating and a space for accommodating the magnetron, an inverter power supply and a cooling air blower. The cooling air is discharged to the heating space and/or to the outside via a vent hole formed in a partition wall after impinging on the anode cylinder while cooling the fins.

Abstract: A thermionic energy converter comprises an emitter, a transparent collector support generally parallel to an emitting surface of the emitter, a conductive film collector from about 10 to about 3,000 Angstroms in thickness covering a support surface of the collector support, and an enclosure for maintaining a controlled atmosphere in the gap between the conductive film collector and the emitting surface. According to another embodiment an improvement is set forth in a thermionic energy converter comprising an emitter, a collector and an enclosure adapted to maintain a controlled atmosphere in the emitter-collector gap. The improvement comprises an insulator post supportingly attaching the emitter and the collector. The embodiments are advantageously used together.

Abstract: Electrodeless low-pressure discharge lamp having a discharge vessel which is sealed in a gastight manner and is filled with an ionisable metal vapor and a rare gas, which lamp has a cylindrical core of a magnetic material in which during lamp operation an electromagnetic field is generated in the discharge vessel by a metal wire winding surrounding the core and a high-frequency electric power supply unit connected thereto, the magnetic material core being provided with a cooling body consisting of a heat pipe which is located at the area of the longitudinal axis of the core and is surrounded by the core at least as far as the proximity of its first end, while the second end of the heat pipe is maintained at a relatively low temperature.