Abstract: A resonant microcavity display, comprising a thin-film resonant microcavity with a phosphor active region is disclosed. The microcavity comprises: a rigid substrate; a front reflector disposed upon the rigid substrate; a phosphor active region disposed upon the front reflector; and a back reflector disposed upon the active region. The display preferentially emits light that propagates along the axis perpendicular to plane of the display, due to its quantum mechanical properties. It exhibits high external efficiency, highly controllable chromaticity, high resolution, highly directional output and highly efficient heat transfer characteristics. For these reasons it provides a suitable display element for projection screen television, high definition television, direct view television, flat panel displays, optical coupling, and other applications.

Abstract: In a color filter substrate including a black matrix and RGB patterns, each of the RGB patterns provided on the black matrix is disposed along a direction oblique to a reference direction of the black matrix which is defined by sides of apertures formed in the black matrix.

Abstract: Output and/or perceived persistence of visible light from a cathode ray tube is improved by incorporating a UV-excitable phosphor into the screen, and by placing a UV-reflective filter on the inside of the display panel prior to formation of the phosphor screen, so that UV light emitted from the screen upon excitation by the tube's electron beam(s) is reflected back onto the screen to excite the further emission of visible light.

Abstract: A fluorescent display device of the front emission type capable of permitting light-permeable anode conductors to be uniformly formed without any deformation and preventing color filters from being affected by etching carried out for forming the anode conductors. A light-permeable anode substrate is provided thereon with strip-like filters, which are then formed thereon with a uniform and flat protective film of light-permeable, insulating and etching-resistant properties. Then, anode conductors are arranged on the protective film. Thus, the anode conductors can be uniformly formed on the flat protective film irrespective of unevenness on a surface of the filters. Also, the protective film prevents the anode conductors from being exposed to etching liquid used for formation of the anode conductors.

Abstract: The display screen (3) of a cathode ray tube (1) is provided with a light-absorbing coating (8) comprising a hybrid inorganic-organic material consisting of an inorganic network of at least silicon oxide and a polymeric component. By means of a sol-gel process the coating can be provided in a relatively large thickness without causing crackles. Consequently, the layer can contain large quantities of dyestuff, so that said layer can very suitably be used as a chrominance or transmission coating to improve the picture contrast. Even if the display screen is not highly polished, the coating can be obtained with a high-polish and it complies with the customary mechanical, chemical and optical requirements.

Abstract: A single crystal fluorescent material is used in the conversion of a short wavelength image. Conversion to a long wavelength image in the visible spectrum permits use of conventional glass optics for visual observation of UV and x-ray images. An illustrative use is in inspection of masks designed for use in fabrication of large scale integrated circuitry built to submicron design rules.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube with reduced desquamation includes a panel on which spaced-apart phosphor elements and a black matrix, filling the spaces between and contacting the phosphor elements, are disposed. A metal back covers the phosphor layer and the black matrix and is in direct contact with the black matrix and is spaced from and does not contact the phosphor elements. The direct contact with substantially all the black matrix and the complete separation from the phosphor elements improves the adhesion of the metal back while increasing luminance and reducing desquamation of the metal back.

Abstract: A resonant microcavity display, comprising a thin-film resonant microcavity with a phosphor active region is disclosed. The microcavity comprises: a rigid substrate; a front reflector disposed upon the rigid substrate; a phosphor active region disposed upon the front reflector; and a back reflector disposed upon the active region. The display preferentially emits light that propagates along the axis perpendicular to plane of the display, due to its quantum mechanical properties. It exhibits high external efficiency, highly controllable chromaticity, high resolution, highly directional output and highly efficient heat transfer characteristics. For these reasons it provides a suitable display element for projection screen television, high definition television, direct view television, flat panel displays, optical coupling, and other applications.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube includes a screen region, for displaying images, which consists of two glass layers. An exterior glass layer is formed of glass having a higher X-ray absorption coefficient. An interior glass layer is formed of glass which hardly causes browning. These exterior and interior glasses are connected together by the process of adhesion for example.

Abstract: A high resolution, cathodoluminescent display screen or device and a method of producing such a display device is disclosed. The display screen includes a plurality of channel structures having longitudinal ends, a transparent medium formed in a plane to which the channel structures are fixed with one longitudinal end thereof oriented toward the plane of the transparent medium, and a cathodoluminescent material deposited on the channel structures whereby incident electrons and light generated by the incident electrons are directed along the channel structures. Preferably, the display screen also includes a mechanism for removing built up charge from the display screen, such as conductive channel structures and/or a conductive transparent medium. The cathodoluminescent material can include phosphors, and for producing a color display, different materials producing different colors would be used. In one preferred embodiment, the channel structures are tubules.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser screen in a cathode-ray tube with a sealed casing. The laser screen has a screen structure which is formed by a semiconductor member, a reflecting mirror and a partly transparent mirror on opposite sides of the semiconductor member. The screen structure is connected to a transparent support by means of a connecting layer which is formed by glass having a softening point of at least 675K. The materials of the semiconductor member, the transparent support, the connecting layer and the casing are made of materials with similarly low coefficients of expansion to prevent damage to the screen as it cools down from the manufacturing process.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to display sets wherein the image produced by a cathode-ray tube is displayed on a display screen by means of an optical device. It relates more particularly to means for facilitating the relative positioning between the cathode-ray tube and the optical device. The cathode-ray tube comprises a bulb having one end closed by a transparent plate bearing an cathodoluminescent screen. In one characteristic, the transparent plate is greater than the bulb and comprises a peripheral part that extends beyond the bulb so as to constitute a reference marker of the position of the cathodoluminescent screen. FIG. 1.

Abstract: In a lens-barrel etc. for holding lenses, a thin film composed of a fluororesin compound having a refractive index lower than that of a material constituting the lens-barrel is formed on an inner surface of the lens-barrel, thereby lowering an amount of the reflective light appeared on the inner surface of the lens-barrel.

Abstract: A heat removing support member connected to an output mirror of an optical cavity of a cathode-ray tube has microscopic roughness of its surface facing towards the screen.

Abstract: A method of producing scintillation phosphor X-ray detector arrays using k materials and repetitive manufacturing techniques. The structures formed by this method may be used to detect x-rays, charged particles and neutral particles by converting the incident radiation into optical radiation. Detectors manufactured by the methods of this invention will produce better x-ray images and reduce the amount of radiation a medical patient or industrial target is subjected to.

Abstract: To reduce reflection at a surface of a cathode ray tube display window, the surface is provided with a pattern of irregularities formed by ultraviolet laser radiation. Preferably the inside surface of the display window of the cathode ray tube is treated with the pattern of irregularities followed by a phosphor pattern over the treated surface. In one embodiment, a transmission grating is used to pass ultraviolet radiation to form the irregularities.

Abstract: A projection cathode ray tube (CRT) includes a multilayered interference film interposed between a face plate pane and luminescent material layer. This multilayered interference film is composed of alternately superimposed of high refractive index material layers and low refractive index material layers, and the number of layers to be superimposed is four or five. By using a multilayered interference film of only four or five layers, the interference layer is not subject to cracks or film separation occurring during heat processing, due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between high and low refractive index material. Further, there still remains enough layers to produce a display highly improved in brightness in the direction of the normal of the face plate pane of the CRT.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube has a coating film formed over an outer surface of a face plate. The coating film prevents a charge-up phenomenon of the face plate and also has a function for improving a contrast performance of the color cathode ray tube. The coating film is composed of a polymer of silicon alkoxide, translucent conductive particles and plural types of dyes or pigments. The absorption peak of the main absorption band of the coating film is set in the range between the main spectrum wavelength of 570 nm of the green luminescence and the main spectrum wavelength of 610 nm of the red luminescence of the color cathode ray tube. The absorption peak of the sub absorption band of the coating film is in at least one of a first range between a wavelength of 380 nm and a wavelength of 420 nm and a second range between a wavelength of 470 nm and a wavelength of 510 nm.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube having a face plate which includes a phosphor layer provided at the inner surface side of a glass plate and an optical interference filter provided between the phosphor layer and the inner surface of the plate. The optical interference filter is constituted by high- and low-refractive index layers. The outermost layer of the optical interference filter in contact with the phosphor layer is an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 layer or a ZrO.sub.2 layer having a physical thickness of 10 nm or more. The high-refractive index layer of the optical interference filter preferably consists of TiO.sub.2, and its low-refractive index layer preferably consists of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A projection cathode-ray tube includes a transparent protective layer interposed between a face panel and an optical multilayered interference film. In order to prevent a browning discoloration from occurring on the glass surface of the face panel caused by a direct chemical reaction between the glass surface and the optical multilayered interference filter due to an electron bombardment, the transparent protective layer, made from inorganic materials, is disposed between the face plate and the optical multilayered interference filter. The transparent protective layer is made of silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2) or aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3), and has a thickness of 0.05 micrometer or less, or 0.5 micrometer or more, respectively.

Abstract: A projection cathode-ray tube includes a multilayered interference film interposed between a face plate and a cathode-ray tube. In order to improve brightness in a direction of the normal, then on a face plate, a phosphor layer is composed of a first layer substantially consisting of large size phosphor particles and a second layer substantially consisting of small size phosphor particles. In addition, a phosphor density of the phosphor layer is set from 20 to 50% larger than that necessary to produce a maximum brightness on a cathode-ray tube without the multilayered interference film. The phosphor particles of the phosphor layer are preferably material having a high reflectance.

Abstract: A color picture tube comprising an envelope including a front panel, a phosphor screen formed in the inner surface of the front panel, and an electron gun arranged in the envelope. The phosphor screen includes a light absorbing layer having a plurality of holes and phosphor layers formed in the holes so as to partially overlap the light absorbing layer. The transmittance T of the light absorbing layer, the ratio a of the area of a light emitting region in a portion where the light absorbing layer overlaps the phosphor layers to the area of the phosphor screen, the ratio b of the area of the light absorbing layer to the area of the phosphor screen, and the ratio r of the light emitting region in the holes to the area of the holes satisfy the following relational expression: 1/T.gtoreq.1/2{(rb/a)-[a/(1-b)r]}.

Abstract: A projection television apparatus is composed of a combination of cathode ray tubes for the three primary colors, red, green and blue. The green and blue cathode ray tubes have a multilayered interference filter disposed on the inner surface thereof and display light on a screen, the intensity of which is varied by the multilayered interference filter, passing through a series of projection lenses positioned in front of the cathode ray tubes. The red cathode ray tube has no multilayered interference filter and produces light having a distribution of luminous intensity nearly equal to that of the green and blue lights. This is achieved by displaying light, the luminous intensity of which is not varied, passing through a series of projection lenses with a diaphragm.

Abstract: In a projection type television apparatus, a first and a second color selecting device are located on an optical light path passing through a cathode ray tube and a series of projection lenses are disposed in front of the cathode ray tube without a color selecting device therein. The first color selecting device has a high refractive factor to light having a wavelength of 570nm or more and the second color selecting device has a high reflection factor or a high absorption factor to light having a wavelength of 520nm or less. With this color selecting device, the range of color reproduction can be much more improved. This thus causes an increased degree of color purity of green light at the central and peripheral areas of the cathode ray tube. Moreover, with this arrangement, it becomes easy to conserve the characteristic of the color selecting devices and to facilitate the manufacturing operation.

Abstract: A projection cathode ray tube has an interference filter which is disposed at a boundary between a face plate and fluorescent layers. The interference filter is designed to be thinnest at the central area of the CRT and to become gradually thicker toward the peripheral area of the CRT, so that the CRT can produce a uniformly bright image over the central and peripheral areas. The fluorescent layers include a first layer composed of small fluorescent particles and a second layer composed of large fluorescent particles. With this first fluorescent layer, light beams emitted by the second fluorescent layer can be prevented from being reflected in multiple directions, thereby minimizing halo due to such multi-direction reflection of the light beams.

Abstract: A high-quality projection cathode ray tube is for projecting the image, displayed on a fluorescent surface, as an enlarged image on a screen in front of the fluorescent surface through a projection lens disposed at a given distance ahead. On the inner surface of a face panel, a multilayer optical interference film including optical thin film layers of alternately superimposed high refractive and low refracte index material is provided. The outermost surface of the multilayer optical interference film is coated with a film of an inorganic material such as silicon dioxide which is optically transparent and stable with respect to the impact of an electron beam. The thickness of the transparent film is not less than 1.0 .mu.m. Even an electron beam having a high energy which has passed through the gaps of the phosphor layer loses the energy in this protective film.

Abstract: A contrast enhancement filter for color displays, particularly adapted for color CRT tubes of the shadow mask type. A transparent plate has applied thereon absorptive areas, each area dyed with a primary color corresponding to the color dots of the CRT display face and a plurality of such color areas randomly disposed over each color dot. Since the absorption areas are spacially independent, each color area acts independently of the others. The filter provides bandpass efficiency comparable to monochrome filters, and has a broad viewing range essentially independent of angle of vision. In a further embodiment, colored oriented fiber-optic elements are disposed over the phosphor dots in a predetermined array, allowing the filter plate to replace a conventional faceplate and filter combination structure, while providing a selective viewing angle of high contrast. The filter is suitable for any light-responsive display screen, also including liquid crystal elements.

Abstract: A high-quality projection cathode ray tube is for projecting the image displayed on a fluorescent surface, as an enlarged image on a screen in front of the fluorescent surface through a projection lens projection lens disposed at a given distance ahead. On the inner surface of a face panel, a multilayer optical interference film including optical thin film layers of alternately superimposed high refractive and low refracte index materials is provided. The outermost surface of the multilayer optical interference film is coated with a film of an inorganic material such as silicon dioxide which is optically transparent and stable with respect to the impact of an electron beam. The thickness of the transparent film is not less than 1.0 .mu.m. Even an electron beam having a high energy which has passed through the gaps of the phosphor layer loses the energy in this protective film.

Abstract: A high-efficiency cathodoluminescent screen for high-luminance cathode-ray tubes has a design which makes possible a considerable improvement of the luminance. The cathodoluminescent screen of the invention includes a glass substrate (11) carrying a luminescent screen (12) consisting of luminophor grains. According to a characteristic of the invention, an intermediate screen (15) is inserted between luminescent screen (12) and substrate (11), with the intermediate screen (15) having a refraction index n1 which is clearly greater than refraction index n0 of substrate (11). As a result of this arrangement, a considerable part of the light which penetrates intermediate layer (15) is reflected in the direction of luminescent layer (12), so that this light can then be rediffused to substrate (11), i.e., to use, with an emission indicatrix which is much more greatly concentrated on the axis than in the prior art.

Abstract: A projection television system having three cathode ray tubes one of which has a display window, a fluorescent material layer disposed on the innermost surface of the display window, and a multilayered interference filter disposed between the display window and the fluorescent material layer. The multilayer interference filter is composed of a number of alternate layers of high refractive index material and low refractive index material. At most, two of the cathode ray tubes have only the display window and the fluorescent material layer. Images are thereafter produced with high brightness wherein respective supplied beam currents are increased by an amount to compensate for a drop in luminance intensity caused by filter removal. The brightness attained is equal to that of a conventional projection system which includes cathode ray tubes which each utilize multilayer interference filters.

Abstract: A thin film phosphor screen structure includes a light-transmitting substrate layer, a phosphor layer on the substrate layer formed with a plurality of parabolic-shaped cells containing phosphor material, and a reflective layer coated over the parabolic phosphor cells for reflecting light generated in the cells for transmission externally through the substrate layer. The parabolic cells are configured corresponding to the desired resolution of the display and to critical angle of diffraction for the phosphor/substrate interface. An anti-reflection coating may be applied at the phosphor/substrate interface. The phosphor layer may have a graded dopant structure or an impressed electric field for causing generated electrons to migrate toward the focal plane of the parabolic phosphor cells.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube for producing images in red, green or blue is used for a projection type television set. A multi-layered interference filter is disposed between a face glass and a fluroescent layer so as to gather light beams from the fluorescent layer. The innermost layer of the interference layer is made of a high refractive index material such as tantalum pentaoxide which is resistant to hydrofluoric acid, so that a fluorescent material can be applied as efficiently as possible. The innermost layer of the interference filter has the optical distance expressed by the equation:nd=(2m+1).lambda..sub.h /4.lambda..sub.h =.lambda.+.lambda..sub.pwhere n stands for the refractive index of the layer, d stands for thickness of the layer, m stands for an integer larger than 0, .lambda..sub.h is the cutoff wavelength of the optical spectrum transmissitivity of the multi-layered interference film for yielding a transmissivity of fifty percent and .lambda..sub.p is 20 to 100 nm.

Abstract: A filter consists of a base made of transparent thermoplastic resin and of a black meshed screen made of such resins as nylon and polyester. The black meshed screen, which is coated with carbon, is heated and pressed against the transparent base to embed it in one side of the base. The base is then heated and deformed into a convex shape so that the side where the black meshed screen is embedded is expanded. The deformed base is cooled while it is kept in the convex shape. As a result, a number of indented portions enclosed by the individual meshes are formed in the base because of a difference in thermal shrinkage coefficient between the base and the meshed screen. When external light is radiated against the filter, the indented portions on the base scatter the light, thus reducing the unwanted glare on the CRT screen. The carbon coated on the meshed screen absorbs incoming external light, further enhancing the glare prevention effect of the filter.

Abstract: A black matrix color picture tube has a phosphor layer and black matrix layer formed on the inner surface of the faceplate. A layer of glass having a low softening point is provided between the phosphor layer and the inner surface of the faceplate and between the black matrix layer and the inner surface of the faceplate. The softening point of the glass is below the temperature at which the tube is subjected during a frit baking step employed in the fabrication of the tube. For example, a borophosphate glass is used as the layer of glass having a low softening point.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube, such as a projection cathode ray tube, having a multilayer interference filter disposed between the cathodoluminescent screen and the interior side of the faceplate, the interference filter comprising alternate layers having high (H) and low (L) refractive indices, the high refractive index material being niobium pentoxide and the low refractive index material being either silicon oxide or magnesium fluoride. These filters are substantially free from the crazing which occurs in known filters when subjected to the normal thermal processing of cathode ray tubes.

Abstract: The bulls-eye effect produced by projection television cathode ray display tubes with convexly curved faceplates and multi-layer interference filters is compensated by increasing the optical absorption of one of the filter layers having a decreasing center-to-edge thickness gradient. Since the layer is thicker in the center, more attenuation of the light output occurs there than at the edges of the display window, resulting in improved luminance uniformity of the display.

Abstract: A luminescent screen includes a screen plate containing a substance capable of emitting luminescent light in response to stimulating light applied thereto, and a regular array of convexes on one surface of the screen plate for trapping emitted luminescent light that is directed into the screen plate and for directing the trapped luminescent light toward a display surface of the screen plate. The brightness of the display surface is therefore increased.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved color projection TV lens system which provides reduced chromatic aberration and improved chromaticity. These improvements are achieved by incorporating a light absorbing material into at least one lens in the system wherein the lens has a substantially uniform thickness.

Abstract: The invention relates to a large-size image display panel for outdoor use. The image display panel related to the invention has a number of cathode ray tubes which are respectively provided with a plurality of red luminous bodies, green luminous bodies, and blue luminous bodies illuminating themselves by receiving irradiation of electron beams in the inside of the face plate, while each of those cathode ray tubes is also provided with a red filter, a green filter, and a blue filter which are disposed in the outside of the face plate in correspondence with red luminous bodies, green luminous bodies, and blue luminous bodies. Using these filters provided in correspondence with those luminous bodies, electron beams having specific wavelengths from respective luminous bodies are selectively filtered out.

Abstract: A lenticular luminescent screen includes a lenticular base plate made of a transparent material which contains a substance capable of emitting luminescent light in response to stimulating light applied thereto. The lenticular base plate having at least one surface composed of a plurality of adjacent partly cylindrical lens elements. Since the cylindrical lens elements can catch stimulating light with a higher efficiency, the luminescent screen can emit an increased intensity of luminescent light. Inasmuch as the luminescent screen is reduced in thickness between the adjacent cylindrical lens elements, emitted luminescent light is prevented from leaking in a direction across the axes of the cylindrical lens elements.

Abstract: A color cathode-ray tube having a face glass (1) coated with a plurality of phosphors (6B, 6G, 6R) different in luminescent color, the face glass (1) containing a colorant imparting a selective characteristic for absorbing light in the wavelength regions between the luminescent wavelength regions of the phosphors, (6B, 6G, 6R) and a colorant suppressing the light transmittance in the visible region, wherein the light transmittances in the luminescent wavelength regions shorter than the highest-visibility wavelength region are at least about 5% lower than the light transmittance in the highest-visibility region, while the light transmittances in the luminescent wavelength regions longer than the highest-visibility wavelength region is higher than the light transmittance in the highest-visibility region.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube of the shadow mask or beam index type in which the screen structure applied to the faceplate has a plurality of triplets of optical interference filter stripes which are adapted to pass red (R), green (G) and blue (B) light produced by a homogeneous cathodoluminescent screen layer. The usual aluminium layer may be applied to the screen layer. The optical interference filter stripes may have short wave pass filters, band pass filters or a combination of both types. The short wave pass filter stripes may have modified quarter wavelength multilayer dielectric filters and the bandpass filter may have a Fabry-Perot filter.

Abstract: In a projection television set including red, green and blue CRTs, and red, green and blue projection lens systems, the green projection lens system is provided with a coating or a filter having a high reflecting coefficient against light below about 520 nm and above about 570 nm in wavelength. Therefore, unnecessary light, emitted from a green light source in the green projection lens system, can be reflected by the coating of filter so that only necessary light is passed. This allows for a projection television set which contains a color reproduction range closer to the color reproduction range of a standard television set.

Abstract: Projection-television display tube includes a band pass or Fabry-Perot interference filter between the display window and the luminescent screen, resulting in the elimination of undesirable luminescent emissions both above and below the wavelength region of interest. A three-tube color projection display device includes such a filter in at least the green emitting display tube.

Abstract: A projection cathode ray tube which comprises a glass bulb consisting of a funnel portion having a large opening at one side and a small opening at the opposite side, a panel portion which has the inner surface protruded in a convex form toward the interior of the cathode ray tube and which is sealingly attached to the large opening of the funnel portion, and a neck portion receiving therein an electron-gun, which is sealingly attached to the small opening of the funnel portion, wherein the inner surface protruded in a convex form of the panel portion is polished. A sealing surface in the panel portion does not protrude from a useful screen area in the inner surface of the panel portion. At least three reference points may be provided either on the funnel portion or on the panel portion, or on both of them.

Abstract: Inner specular reflection is suppressed in a flat faceplate for use in a color cathode ray tube (CRT) by forming a flat glass faceplate to have an aft, or inner surface characterized by an undefined roughness. By allowing for an aft surface of undefined roughness, a subsequent lapping process is utilized to produce a predetermined roughness of the aft surface that will substantially eliminate specular reflection from that surface.

Abstract: Phosphors used in colour cathode ray tubes, particularly but not exclusively projection television tubes, have colour point standards or chromaticities modified to conform to European Broadcasting Union (EBU) standards by disposing an interference filter in the light-path from the phosphor, for example, between the phosphor and the faceplate, which has a peak gain greater than unity over a selected part of the frequency spectrum. As a result, an efficient broadband phosphor can be employed to obtain the desired chromaticity and thereby increase the white-D luminance of projection television systems.

Abstract: Light output of single crystal phosphors used on cathode ray tubes can be vastly improved by use of a microfaceted surface structure conveniently produced by use of a single crystal epitaxial layer with lattice constant slightly larger than the single crystal substrate. Such epitaxial layers are conveniently grown using substituents that increase the lattice constant compared to the single crystal substrate.

Abstract: In a cathode ray tube, a single layer for prevention of a reflection of light rays is formed on a face plate having a non-spherical outer surface. The thickness of the layer is continuously decreased from the center region toward the peripheral regions of the face plate.

Abstract: A projection television system comprising an array of three projection television display tubes (14) luminescing in red, green and blue, a focusing lens (16) associated with each tube and a display screen (12) on which the respective optical images are merged to form a single multicolored image. At least one of the display tubes (14) has a multilayer interference filter (46) between the phosphor (30) and the faceplate (20). In order to imprve the light output at the corners of the display screen (12), the cut-off angle of the first filter layers is varied between the center and the corners thereof, for example by increasing the optical thickness of the filter layers relative to the center.