Abstract: Front attachment unit for the cathode ray tube of monitors, television sets or the like, consisting of a sheet of glass, in particular a sheet of gray glass, anti-reflection equipment on the front side and an absorption coating on the rear side, whereby the absorption coating has metallic atoms. The absorption coating is single-layer and made of chromium, a chromium/nickel alloy or silicides. It is anti-statically adjusted and grounded. It is of a thickness which reduces the light transmission compared with a non-coated sheet of glass by approximately a third.

Abstract: A projection television system comprising an array of three projection television display tubes (14) luminescing in red, green and blue, a focusing lens (16) associated with each tube and a display screen (12) on which the respective optical images are merged to form a single multicolored image. At least one of the display tubes (14) has a multilayer interference filter (46) between the phosphor (30) and the faceplate (20). In order to imprve the light output at the corners of the display screen (12), the cut-off angle of the first filter layers is varied between the center and the corners thereof, for example by increasing the optical thickness of the filter layers relative to the center.

Abstract: A multiple tube projection television system. At least two image generating cathode ray tubes are provided, having an image generating surface which is concave. The radius of curvature of the image generating tubes is selected to be between 1.2 and 2 times the image diagonal of each tube. Dichroic mirror means are provided to combine the images produced from each tube. A projection lens system is positioned at an optical distance from each tube which is substantially equal to the radius of curvature of the concave phosphor surface. The combination provides for an optimum amount of light to the entrance aperture of the projection lens system.

Abstract: A viewing screen is described, in particular the screen of a display tube, which has excellent anti-reflective properties and a method of making this screen anti-reflective. In this method the outer surface of the screen is mechanically roughened in conformity with specific requirements and subsequently an anti-reflective coating of constant thickness is applied to the roughened surface.

Abstract: A color separation filter arrangement for an image intensifier having separate blue, green and red filters which respectively have pass bands for visible blue light and its second order wavelengths, visible green light and its second order wavelengths, and visible red light. The blue, green and red filters are interposed individually in succession in the path of incident visible light and infrared energy to the photocathode of the image intensifier. Use of this color separation filter produces a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the image intensifier when it is used under night sky illumination.

Abstract: A multi-layer luminescent screen includes a luminescent crystalline sublayer and a faceted overlayer. The faceted overlayer causes the emission from the screen of a greater fraction of the luminescence than would otherwise be the case. The screens, which are typically cathodoluminescent, find application in computer displays, lithography, and flying spot scanners.

Abstract: The luminescent screen of a cathode ray tube includes an array of monocrystalline or amorphous phosphor rod-like elements which are covered with a reflective coating except for one end of each element which serves as an output face. The phenomenon of the light trapping is advantageously exploited to achieve enhanced brightness. The screen is illuminated with an electron beam which has an essentially oblong cross section and which is oriented along the elongated dimension of the elements. In one embodiment the elements comprise epitaxial Lu.sub.3 Al.sub.3 Ga.sub.2 O.sub.12 :Ce on the top of a YAG substrate, and a light absorbing layer of Lu.sub.3 Al.sub.3.5 Fe.sub.1.5 O.sub.12 is formed on the bottom of the substrate. A printer utilizing such a CRT is described. Also described is a configuration in which each of the rod-like elements functions as a laser.

Abstract: A projection television display tube comprising in an evacuated envelope a display screen on the convexly curved inside of a display window in the wall of the envelope, which display screen comprises a layer of luminescent material and a multilayer interference filter between said material layer and the display window, the filter comprising a number of layers which are alternately high refractive index (H) and low refractive index (L). The filter is composed of at least 6 layers, each having an optical thickness nd, wherein n is the refractive index of the material of the layer and d is the thickness, which optical thickness is between 0.2.lambda..sub.f and 0.3.lambda..sub.f, wherein .lambda..sub.f is equal to p x .lambda., wherein .lambda. is the desired central wavelength which is selected from the spectrum emitted by the luminescent material and p is a number between 1.18 and 1.32.

Abstract: An image display including a viewing screen comprising spaced elemental image areas and a light-absorbing matrix of partially-graphitized carbon black adjacent these areas. The matrix may be made by overcoating a stencil and stencil support with an aqueous slurry of the carbon black, drying the overcoating, and then removing the stencil and overlying overcoating.

Abstract: A contrast enhancement structure for a full color cathode ray tube utilizes a combination of a louvered ambient light transmission control element in combination with a multi-notch band-pass filter. The louvered control elements provide limited viewing angles for incoming ambient light reducing light dispersion on the cathode ray phosphor surface. The multi-notch band-pass filter provides efficient spectral transmission in the phosphor emitting wavelengths. The combination of the louvered directional control elements for ambient light and a multi-notch band-pass filter matching the spectral emission characteristics of the color phosphor, substantially increases the contrast ratio. In fact, this arrangement provides contrast ratios which are of an order of magnitude larger than those previously possible.

Abstract: The luminescent screen comprises blocks having an optical transparency of less than 1. The blocks are placed between the grains of the first layer of luminescent material and the transparent substrate and have a cross-sectional area which is equal at a maximum to that of the grains. Said blocks are formed by means of a selective plasma etching operation in which the grains of the first layer of luminescent material are employed as a mask.

Abstract: A display tube comprising in an evacuated envelope (1) a display screen (7) provided on the inside of a display window (2) in the wall of the envelope (1), which display screen (7) comprises luminescent material (13), and a multilayer interference filter (12) is provided between this material and the display window and compises a number of layers (HL) which alternately are manufactured from a material having a high (H) and a material having a low (L) refractive index. If the filter is composed substantially of 14 to 30 layers, each having an optical thickness nd, wherein n is the refractive index of the material and d is the thickness, which optical thickness is between 0.2 .lambda..sub.f and 0.3 .lambda..sub.f and preferably between 0.23 .lambda..sub.f and 0.27 .lambda..sub.f, wherein .lambda..sub.f is equal to p x .lambda., wherein .lambda. is the desired central wavelength which is selected from the spectrum emitted by the luminescent material (13) and p is a number between 1.18 and 1.

Abstract: A display tube comprising in an evacuated envelope (1) a display screen (7) provided on the inside of a display window (2) in the wall of the envelope (1), which display screen (7) comprises luminescent material (13), and a multilayer interference filter (12) is provided between this material and the display window and comprises a number of layers (HL) which alternately are manufactured from a material having a high (H) and a material having a low (L) refractive index. If the filter is composed substantially of 6 to 30 layers, each having an optical thickness nd, wherein n is the refractive index of the material and d is the thickness, which optical thickness is between 0.2.lambda..sub.f and 0.3.lambda..sub.f and preferably between 0.23.lambda..sub.f and 0.25.lambda..sub.f, wherein .lambda..sub.f is equal to p x.lambda., wherein .lambda. is the desired central wavelength which is selected from the spectrum emitted by the luminescent material (13) and p is a number between 1.15 and 1.

Abstract: A faceplate arrangement for a monochromatic cathode ray tube includes a compound filter disposed between the faceplate and a light scattering luminescent screen. The compound filter includes a multilayer interference edge filter adjacent the screen and a multilayer matching filter adjacent the faceplate. The edge filter reflects back into the screen light rays received from the screen which would contribute to halo, and the matching filter matches the optical admittances of the edge filter and the faceplate.

Abstract: A 2D/3D compatible polarized TV system is described which comprises a 3 color TV camera with pairs of adjacent 3D right and left images in each color. The image pairs are scanned to derive pairs of 3D image signals. These 3D signals are presented as 3 color pixels alternately polarized orthogonally. The display may be viewed without glasses to see a 2D color image with either the right or left images suppressed; or with polarized viewers to see a color 3D image. A method of manufacturing orthogonally oriented polarized color pixels is described utilizing inorganic polarizing dipoles electrostatically aligned in a fusible transparent coating.

Abstract: A display tube comprising in an evacuated envelope means to generate at least one electron beam which is focused on a display screen and describes a field thereon, which display screen comprises a terbium-activated blue-luminescing phosphor on a carrier, and in which the light emitted by the phosphor falls through a filter. If the energy of the emissions of the phosphor which find their origin in the .sup.5 D.sub.3 -level of terbium is at least 40% of the energy of the emissions of all terbium levels and the filter has a transmission of more than 75% at those wavelengths where the .sup.5 D.sub.3 .fwdarw..sup.7 F.sub.5 and the .sup.5 D.sub.3 .fwdarw..sup.7 F.sub.4 emissions of terbium are located and the filter has a transmission of less than 10% at those wavelengths where the .sup.5 D.sub.4 .fwdarw..sup.7 F.sub.5 and the .sup.5 D.sub.4 .fwdarw..sup.7 F.sub.4 and the .sup.5 D.sub.4 .fwdarw..sup.7 F.sub.3 emissions of terbium are located so that the color point of the filtered light is located in the range x.

Abstract: A color display tube comprising a faceplate including a display window connected to a skirt which is substantially parallel to the axis of the envelope via a sharply curved transition portion. The set of points defining where the inner surface of the window meets the inner surface of the transition part is formed by a closed line l. The set of points defining where the outer surface of the window meets the outer surface of the transition portion is formed by a closed line m. A display screen of luminescent material provided on the inner surface of the display window has a substantially rectangular boundary which coincides substantially with the line l. A large viewing angle .alpha. is obtained within which no distortion of the picture edge occurs when, from any point Q in the line m, the shortest connection line to the line l encloses with a normal line h (normal to the outer surface of the window) an angle .gamma., for which the relationship holds that:n sin .gamma.=sin (.alpha.-.beta.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes an image display screen which is formed by a plurality of picture display elements arranged repeatedly with a predetermined pitch for displaying an image as a set of plural picture elements. In this case, one or more double refraction plates are disposed in front of the image display screen so that light rays from the picture display elements are double-refracted by each double refraction plate and that the density of the picture display elements is increased apparently. Thus, in a color cathode ray tube in which a phosphor face is formed by color phosphors arranged in a stripe pattern, it is possible to reduce the coarseness of the texture of the color phosphor stripe.

Abstract: The invention concerns a novel image reproducing structure for use in a cathode ray tube. This structure comprises a glass substrate which is transmissive of visible light and has a screen supporting target surface on one side thereof and a viewing surface on the opposite side. The screen comprises a phosphor deposit which is applied to at least a portion of the target surface and responds to electron beam impingement thereon to produce a visible image of a predetermined hue. The image reproducing structure further includes filter means in the form of a stain that permeates an area of the glass substrate to form an integral part thereof and exhibits a predetermined different hue. The stain permeated area is interposed between at least a part of the phosphor deposit and the substrate viewing surface.

Abstract: A display tube comprising an envelope consisting of a neck, a cone, and a faceplate including a flat or slightly curved, substantially rectangular display window and a skirt which is substantially parallel to the axis of the envelope. The skirt and the display window meet at a sharply-curved transition portion of the faceplate. The display window has on its inside a substantially rectangular display screen. The display window and the skirt near the sharply curved portion and over the whole circumference of the display window have a thickness d which to an approximation satisfies the following relationship:d=C D.sup.0.8 R.sup.0.2whereinC is a constant between 0.015 and 0.025,D is the diagonal of the inner surface of the display window, andR is the radius of the curvature of the inner surface of the display window.The tube is implosion-safe and the faceplate has a narrow dark edge which is equally wide substantially everywhere around the display screen.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube apparatus having a glass panel in front of the phosphor screen made of a material which has an X-ray absorption coefficient larger than that of the backing on which the phosphor layer is applied. The two panels are separated by means of a spacer and a liquid coolant is incorporated into the space between the panels to enhance the heat radiation effect of the phosphor surface and to avoid the radiation of X-rays.

Abstract: In order to permit reliable light pen interaction with a black matrix shadow mask CRT, the conventional black carbon matrix is replaced by an IR phosphor. This provides a component of IR radiation irrespective of the particular color of the visible display at any given point, and such component can be detected by conventional silicon photodetector light pens. Preferably the particle size of the IR phosphor is substantially less than that of the primary color phosphors so as to largely retain both the packing density of the original black matrix and the edge definition at the IR phosphor/primary color phosphor boundaries. The IR phosphor particles are also pigmented with black graphite to retain the light-absorbing qualities of the original black matrix.

Abstract: In a shadow mask cathode ray tube for use with a light pen, the elemental phosphor areas emissive of red light comprise a blend of a red-emissive phosphor with silver-activated cadmium sulphide (CdS:Ag), the CdS:Ag being present in an amount from 10% to 30% by weight of the blend. In the preferred embodiment the blend comprises approximately 20% by weight of CdS:Ag and 80% by weight of industry standard P22R phosphor.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube for color display comprises a face plate (1), a picture element layer (10) formed on an inner surface of the face plate and including two or more kinds of picture elements (5, 6 and 7), and a fluorescent material layer (4) formed between the picture element layer and the inner surface of the face plate and having a 10 percent afterglow time less than 50 microseconds. As necessary, a photoabsorptive material layer (2) may be provided in a matrix manner between the fluorescent material layer and the face plate. The picture element layer (10) performs a color display function and the fluorescent material layer (4) performs a communication function by means of a light pen. In case that a communication function by means of a light pen is not required, the step of forming the fluorescent material layer (4) may be omitted.

Abstract: A faceplate of a cathode ray tube is shown wherein a cathodoluminescent phosphor material 1 is deposited on glass faceplate 2. A metal nitride metal absorbing inhomogeneous film 3, where the metal is aluminum or silicon, is deposited on the back side of the phosphor material 1. To avoid unwanted reflections at the interface between the glass 2 and the phosphor 1, a homogeneous film 4 is optionally deposited on glass plate 2 prior to deposition of the phosphor film 1. Additionally, an anti-reflection coating 5 may also be optionally applied to the exterior of the glass plate 2 to eliminate reflection that would otherwise occur at the air-glass interface.

Abstract: Room temperature laser action is achieved in a cathode ray tube (CRT) in which the target includes a plurality of semiconductor layers: a thin, wide bandgap buffer layer; a thicker, narrow bandgap active layer; and a much thicker wide bandgap cavity-length-adjusting layer. The light beam direction is essentially parallel to the e-beam direction and hence is scannable.

Abstract: A frontal light extraction type beam-indexing color picture tube arrangement comprises a phosphor screen which is formed on the inner surface of the tube panel and includes an array of color phosphor stripes each of which has an appropriate afterglow time and an array of index phosphor stripes each of which has a short afterglow time and emits a light index signal representative of the scanning position of an electron beam in the forward direction of the tube panel. A photoelectric converter for receiving the light index signal is provided in front of the tube panel.

Abstract: A monochromatic picture tube whose faceplate has a transmittance of 17 to 23% is provided. In order to obtain the same transmittance as described above, black di-iron trioxide is coated on phosphor grains to form a phosphor screen on the faceplate. Therefore, a picture on the screen results in contrast without eyestrain.

Abstract: Red and blue light emitting members constituting a three color fluorescent screen of a color picture tube comprise a combination of a red phosphor, a blue phosphor and a filter substance of a color different from colors of lights emitted by the red and blue phosphors. As the filter substance is used a purple pigment, for instance.

Abstract: A projection television tube includes a spherically curved electronic beam target surface spaced away from the neck of the tube, a larger reflective surface spherically curved concentrically with the target surface on an end plate located close to the tube neck, a target support that preferably constitutes a face plate for the envelope, and a hollow cylindrical spacer member for closing the side of the tube envelope and for holding the target support accurately spaced from the reflective surface. The ends of the cylindrical member and the abutting surfaces of the end plate and target support are all configured to provide joint interfaces between the elements that lie in spherical planes that are concentric with the target and reflective surfaces, so that slight lateral motion of the parts during assembly and handling will not affect tube projection optics, while the spacing between the target and reflective surfaces is precisely maintained in concentric relationship.

Abstract: An article of manufacture is disclosed for use in a projection television system. A cathode ray picture tube has a face panel with a rearwardly extending skirt and a window for receiving a cathodoluminescent imaging screen. The tube has a seal land which defines a plane whose normal makes a non-zero acute angle with respect to the axis of said window. The article is for use in a system having a cathode ray picture tube whose projection optical axis is on the axis of a remotely located viewing screen, and at least one displaced axis cathode ray picture tube; that is, a tube whose projection optical axis is displaced from the axis of the viewing screen by a non-zero acute angle.

Abstract: A glass faceplate having a central area of required useful diameter surrounded by a narrow ring of opaque glass and an outer glass mounting flange. Light entering the flange or ring is prevented from reaching the central area as stray light or glare in the system and spurious reflections at the interface of the ring and central area are minimized by a refractive index match of the two innermost glasses.

Abstract: A low-cost, deeply filtered television imge display is depicted. A viewing screen includes a patterned layer of phosphor particles disposed contiguous to the inner surface of the display. The layer when excited emits light of a predetermined color. The display includes means for exciting selected areas of the layer to produce a luminescent informational image. The image is subject to loss of contrast caused by reflection of ambient light from the layer. The improvement comprises a shallow, random, clumped, discontinuous, open dispersion of contrast-enhancing particles of pigment having a body color corresponding generally to the predetermined color disposed directly on the viewing screen beneath the layer and not significantly admixed with the phosphor particles. The percentage of open area of the dispersion of pigment particles and the absorption characteristics thereof are such that the dispersion efficiently filters ambient light at its interface with the layer.

Abstract: An envelope for a projection television tube includes a spherically curved electronic beam target surface spaced away from the neck of the tube, a larger reflective surface spherically curved concentrically with the target surface on an end plate located close to the tube neck, a target support that preferably constitutes a face plate for the envelope, and a hollow cylindrical spacer member for closing the side of the tube envelope and for holding the target support accurately spaced from the reflective surface. The ends of the cylindrical member and the abutting surfaces of the end plate and target support are all configured to provide joint interfaces between the elements that lie in spherical planes that are concentric with the target and reflective surfaces, so that slight lateral motion of the parts during assembly and handling will not affect tube projection optics, while the spacing between the target and reflective surfaces is precisely maintained in concentric relationship.

Abstract: Cathode ray tube face plate construction for suppressing the halo on the cathode ray tube having a face plate formed of glass with an index of refraction in the vicinity of 1.52 and with outside and inside surfaces. A fluorescent phosphor screen is carried by the inside surface. An optional metallic coating overlies the phosphor screen on the side of the screen facing away from the face plate. An anti-reflection coating is carried by the outside surface of the face plate for reducing reflection from the outside surface of the face plate to suppress the central portion of the halo. A thin film interference coating is carried by the inside surface of the face plate for suppressing the outer ring-like portion of the halo. It is disposed between the phosphor screen and the inside surface of the face plate. The thin film interference coating has high transmittance for light emitted by the phosphor at near normal of incidence and high reflectance at high angle of incidence.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube face plate construction for suppressing the halo on the face plate of the cathode ray tube having a face plate formed of glass with an index of refraction in the vicinity of 1.52 and with outer and inner surfaces. A fluorescent phosphor screen is carried by the inner surface. A metallic coating may overlie the phosphor screen on the side of the screen facing away from the face plate. An absorbing filter is disposed between the phosphor screen and the face plate for absorbing light emitted from the phosphor screen. An angle sensitive short wave pass filter is disposed between the phosphor screen and the absorbing filter for reflecting light emitted at a high angle from the phosphor screen.

Abstract: Pigment coated phosphors comprising a europium activated yttrium oxysulfide phosphor having a europium activator value within a range of 0.04 gram atom to 0.066 gram atom per 1 mol of yttrium oxysulfide having adhered thereto red colored pigment particles such as cadmium sulfoselenide pigment particles, rouge pigment particles or red lead pigment particles, in respective amounts of 0.1 to 2.0 wt %, 0.05 to 2.0 wt % or 0.1 to 12 wt %, based upon the europium activated yttrium oxysulfide phosphor; and a cathode ray tube for high contrast color television using as a red emitting phosphor at least one of the three pigment coated phosphors.

Abstract: A projection tube projects in front a visible light image produced by irradiating a target having a fluorescent screen formed on one surface thereof with an electron beam emitted from an electron gun. The projection tube includes an X-ray shield disposed to cover the surface of the target excluding the fluorescent screen, whereby the X-ray generated by irradiating the fluorescent screen on the target with the electron beam are shielded to prevent the transmission of the X-rays to the front of the projection tube, and also the X-ray shield has the effect of dissipating the heat from the target and simplifying the target positioning operation in the manufacture of projection tubes.

Abstract: This disclosure depicts an image display having a viewing faceplate for exhibiting an informational color image. The faceplate has deposited on an inner surface thereof a light-absorbing matrix surrounding mutually spaced elemental areas. The faceplate and each area includes a plurality of different colorants. The faceplate shows a body color of an undesired hue. The image display is characterized by the matrix having a color complementary to the undesired hue effective to counteract the hue and provide a substantially neutral body color.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube is disclosed which is relatively flat in the viewing direction, including a transparent envelope having at least one generally flat section, a screen arranged within the envelope, an electron gun for projecting an electron beam along a path substantially parallel to the plane of the screen, and first and second deflecting means for causing the beam to scan a line and a frame, respectively, characterized by the provision of a single conductive member of a given potential forming a beam directing electrode spaced from the screen and arranged such that the path of the electron beam lies between the electrode and the screen.

Abstract: A color picture tube in which at least one of phosphor layers emitting green, blue and red lights which are deposited on the inner surface of a glass panel contains a black light-absorbing material.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube screen structure, having means for enhancing the absorption of ambient light and providing improvement in the contrast of the image display, is comprised of three superimposed substantially continuous window-defining layers of optical filter materials. The primary, secondary and tertiary filter layers have discretely disposed window areas formed therein to expose a pattern of filter areas representing the respective filter materials. The filter windows are of a shaping similar to that of the apertures in a spatially related pattern mask member. Each window exhibits a uniform periphery free of indentations, being so defined by a uniform opaque interstitial encompassment homogeneously made up of the three distinct layers of filter materials. Disposed over the filter windows is a patterned screen of cathodoluminescent phosphor elements, which upon electron excitation produces color-emissions that are colormetrically related to the respective filter windows therebeneath.

Abstract: This invention relates to light absorbing inhomogeneous films and their use in luminescent display devices such as cathode ray tubes and electroluminescent panels to achieve high contrast ratio and minimal halation effect, and more particularly to an inhomogeneous film having a composition varying continuously from metal oxide to metal, and the method of making same. The metal is selected from the group consisting of tantalum and vanadium.

Abstract: In color television, where the picture appears in groups of two or more colors side by side on a screen, an individual concave mirror is provided for each such group, which combines the side by side colors and also adds more light to the picture, or alternately uses less electric power for a given brightness.

Abstract: A substantially continuous line screen structure pattern is formed in a color television picture tube having an interrupted-aperture shadow mask by applying a photosensitive material to a screen support and projecting light from an extended source through the shadow mask apertures and onto the coated screen support. In a preferred embodiment, the line screen is formed by projecting light from a line source through a shadow mask having a plurality of rows of elongated apertures and onto the coated screen support.

Abstract: Interrelated optical, mechanical and electronic improvements are incorporated in a television projection system comprising a plurality of color separation assemblages, each including cathode ray components and projection optics components, certain of which are enclosed with a cathode ray tube. These improvements specifically involve optical mounts of particular construction, optical surfaces of particular configuration and electronic materials of particular composition.

Abstract: An optical filter system is provided for use with a penetration phosphor cathode ray tube of the special kind in which La.sub.2 O.sub.2 S particles are employed as the carrier hosts in the cathodo-luminescent penetration phosphor composition. Tb and Eu ions are used in low concentrations as activators in the control of red and green optical line emission from within a film of the activated host phosphor material. The filter system, bonded to the face plate of the cathode ray tube, provides contrast enhancement with respect to ambient light reflected from that face plate, greatly increasing the equivalent brightness of the color display.

Abstract: A fluorescent screen including a plurality of parallel stripes of three colour phosphors is prepared by projecting light from a linear light source positioned in parallel with the stripes on photosensitive substances coated on the inner surface of the panel through a plurality of stripe shaped perforations of a colour selecting member, each divided into a plurality of slit shaped sections by means of bridges. The linear light source is constituted by reciprocating a point light source in parallel with the stripe shaped perforations.

Abstract: An image display comprising a viewing screen including a layer of phosphor particles emissive of light of a particular visual color and color filter particles transmissive of light of that color .Iadd.partially .Iaddend.covering .[.between 20 and 80 percent of.]. the surfaces of the phosphor particles.