Abstract: The invention provides microcavity plasma devices and arrays that are formed in layers that also seal the plasma medium, i.e., gas(es) and/or vapors. No separate packaging layers are required and additional packaging can be omitted if it is desirable to do so. A preferred microcavity plasma device includes first and second thin layers that are joined together. A half ellipsoid microcavity or plurality of half ellipsoid microcavities is defined in one or both of the first and second thin layers, and electrodes are arranged with respect to the microcavity to excite a plasma within said microcavities upon application of a predetermined voltage to the electrodes. A method for forming a microcavity plasma device having a plurality of half or full ellipsoid microcavities in one or both of first and second thin layers is also provided by a preferred embodiment. The method includes defining a pattern of protective polymer on the first thin layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a xenon lamp using a ceramic arc tube, and more specifically to a xenon lamp using a ceramic arc tube, which can provide an extended life of at least 10 times longer than a glass tube xenon lamp, by using an arc tube to form a ceramic body made from ceramics, instead of using a circular glass tube to form the xenon lamp, and which is also applicable to all xenon lamps.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device and a method of manufacturing the same is disclosed. In one embodiment, the OLED device includes a substrate; a display unit formed on a display area of the substrate; and an encapsulating film covering i) the display unit and ii) a non-display area surrounding the display area, wherein the density and thickness of the encapsulating film increase in a direction from a center portion of the encapsulating film to an edge portion of the encapsulating film.

Abstract: A light-guide type light-emitting device includes a heat-dissipating unit, a conductive unit, a light-emitting unit and a light-guiding unit. The heat-dissipating unit includes at least one heat-dissipating body. The conductive unit is disposed on a first side of the heat-dissipating body. The light-emitting unit is disposed on a second side of the heat-dissipating body, and the light-emitting unit includes a plurality of light-emitting elements electrically connected to the conductive unit. The light-guiding unit includes at least one light-guiding element disposed on the light-emitting unit for receiving light beams generated by the light-emitting unit, and the light-guiding element has a plurality of micro light-guiding structures formed on the outer surface thereof. Hence, the instant disclosure can not only mate the light-emitting unit with the light-guiding unit to solve glaring problem as a result of using LED, but also provides a wider light-emitting range.

Abstract: The present invention is a robust LED display module for use in an electronic sign which display module includes a metallic housing, a heat conductive interface panel, an LED circuit board and LEDs, and a metallic mask arranged in intimate contact and association therewith, and which components operate synergistically in concert with each other in order to evenly distribute, reduce and dissipate heat along, about and within the structure of the present invention. Display uniformity is provided by the use of major metallic structures in order to prevent warpage and to protect the geometric integrity of the LED display module.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, an electron/photon source is disclosed based on field emission, cathodoluminescent and photo-enhanced field emission, including an evacuated chamber inside a housing, further including an anode and a cathode arranged inside the evacuated chamber. Furthermore, the cathode is arranged to emit electrons when a voltage is applied between the anode and cathode, the anode being arranged to emit light at a first wavelength range when receiving electrons emitted from the cathode, and a wavelength range converting material arranged to receive the emitted light of the first wavelength range and emit light at a second wavelength range. In a novel way, an embodiment of the present invention makes it possible to, in two steps, convert the electrons emitted from the cathode to visible light.

Abstract: A quick start energy-saving fluorescent lamp comprising a bulb holder assembly, a light tube, a glass shade, a protruding cold end, a thermal insulation glue, and an amalgam vapor source. The protruding cold end is disposed at the front end of the light tube and contacts with the glass shade. The thermal insulation glue is disposed outside and around the cold end. The amalgam vapor source is disposed inside the cold end. The lamp can work at high temperature with low temperature amalgam vapor source and maintain high luminous efficiency, and the lamp can reach the rated brightness quickly. A method for producing the lamp is also provided.

Abstract: A multi-facet light emitting lamp including a first light source plate, a second light source plate, and a plurality of airflow channels is provided. The first light source plate has at least one first connecting terminal. The second light source plate has at least one second connecting terminal. The first connecting terminal is connected with the second connecting terminal, and an inner space is formed between the first light source plate and the second light source plate. The inner space and a space outside the multi-facet light emitting lamp are connected by the airflow channels.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a high-pressure mercury lamp includes an electric field application step in which an electric field is applied to at least a light emission part (4) with the high-pressure mercury lamp being kept at a high temperature. This can reduce impurities such as hydrogen and alkali metals in a discharge space (8) and glass forming the light emission part (4). As a consequence, blackening and devitrification of the high-pressure mercury lamp while the lamp is lit can be reduced.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide fluorescent lamps used as a light source for liquid crystal display devices, which have excellent characteristics in terms of preventing solarization, the properties for blocking ultraviolet rays, and the physical and thermal strength, and preventing scratching. The present invention provides fluorescent lamps made of glass containing 55.0% to 75.0% of SiO2; 10.0% to 25.0% of B2O3; 1.0% to 10.0% of Al2O3; 0% to 3.8% of Na2O; 0% to 3.0% of Li2O; 3.0% to 10.0% of K2O; 3.2% to 16.0% of Na2O+Li2O+K2O; 0.5% to 8% of TiO2; 0.1% to 5% of CeO2; 0.6% to 8.1% of TiO2+CeO2; 0.001% to 0.05% of Fe2O3; 0% to 0.7% of Sb2O3; 0.1% to 3.0% of SnO2; and 0.5% to 10.0% of at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of Gd, Y, La, Yb and Lu by weight, and is characterized in that the coefficient of linear expansion in a temperature range of 30° C. to 380° C. is 34×10?7/° C. to 58×10?7/° C.

Abstract: A method for connection of a discharge vessel of a discharge lamp to a tubular piece is provided, wherein the discharge vessel is heated at the connection point which is provided with the tubular piece, and the material of the discharge vessel which has been softened at the connection point is torn open such that it rests on the inner face of the tubular piece, and a continuous hole is produced in the discharge vessel.

Abstract: A light emitting device and method of producing the same is disclosed. The light emitting device includes a phosphor layer and a wire mesh thermally coupled to the phosphor layer and configured to dissipate heat from the phosphor layer.

Abstract: A discharge vessel for high intensity discharge lamps is disclosed. The discharge vessel comprises an elongated arc chamber having a longitudinal axis of rotational symmetry. It has a translucent wall made of fused silica glass, or alternatively ceramic material. A pair of electrodes is located at opposite ends of the arc chamber for providing discharge arc. The wall of the arc chamber has at least one inwardly protruding circumferential narrowed portion thereby the arc chamber is divided into convection cells.

Abstract: A glass composition for lamps includes the following by weight percent: SiO2: 60-75 wt %; CeO2+Ce2O3: 0.01-5.2 wt %; SnO+SnO2: 0.01-5.2 wt %; Al2O3: 0.5-6 wt %; B2O3: 0-5 wt %; Li2O+Na2O+K2O: 13-20 wt %; MgO: 0.5-5 wt %; CaO: 1-10 wt %; SrO: 0-10 wt %; BaO: 0-10 wt %; ZnO: 0-10 wt %; Fe2O3+FeO: 0-0.2 wt %; and TiO2: 0-1 wt %. The glass composition for lamps that contains no lead or antimony achieves high ultraviolet screening capacity, ensuring fewer occurrences of initial coloring and ultraviolet ray caused coloring of glass.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp, in certain embodiments, includes a uniquely shaped shoulder and dimensions selected to reduce stress and associated cracking. The uniquely shaped shoulder has a variable diameter, such as, e.g., a cup-shaped geometry, a curved funnel-shaped geometry, or a conical-shaped geometry. The selected or optimized dimensions may include a tip-to-neck distance, a tip-to-wall distance, and an internal diameter of the lamp. The selected or optimized dimensions also may include a uniform wall thickness, an arc gap distance, and an electrode thickness. These dimensions and shapes are selected to reduce undesirably high maximum stresses and temperatures in the lamp. As a result, the lamp is able to provide higher performance with a longer life due to a decreased risk of stress cracking during rapid start up and steady state operation.

Abstract: In order to achieve a discharge lamp suited to operate under reduced nominal power of e.g. 20-30 W, a lamp is proposed with two electrodes (24) arranged at a distance in a discharge vessel (20, 120) for generating an arc discharge. The discharge vessel (20, 120) has a filling with a substantially free of mercury and comprises a metal halide and a rare gas. The lamp (10, 110) further comprises an outer bulb (18) arranged around the discharge vessel at a distance (d2). The outer bulb (18) is sealed and has a gas filling of a thermal conductivity (?). The inner diameter (d1) of the discharge vessel is preferably in a range from 2-2.7 mm. The wall thickness (w1) is in a range from 1.4-2 mm. A heat transition coefficient (?/d2) is calculated as thermal conductivity (?) at 800° C. of the outer bulb filling divided by the distance (d2). The so-defined heat 10 transition coefficient is below 150 W/(m2K).

Abstract: A cold cathode lamp includes a light-transmitting insulating tube, first and second internal electrodes arranged inside the insulating tube, first and second external electrodes arranged outside the insulating tube and respectively connected with the first and second internal electrodes, first and second insulating bodies respectively covering the first and second external electrodes, a first counter electrode arranged opposite to the first external electrode via the first insulating body, and a second counter electrode arranged opposite to the second external electrode via the second insulating body. The first (second) counter electrode has a portion which does not face the first (second) external electrode, and the space between this portion and the insulating tube is filled with the first (second) insulating body. A plurality of such cold cathode lamps can be lit by being connected in parallel with a power supply.

Abstract: A bonding method using a bonding agent is provided, which has the steps of forming an underlayer on a first member, providing a bonding agent on the underlayer, forming a contact member, different from the bonding agent, on a second member, bringing the bonding agent into contact with the contact member so that the first member and the second member are bonded to each other. In the method described above, the wettability of the bonding agent to the underlayer is superior to that of the bonding agent to a surface of the first member before the underlayer is formed thereon, and the bondability of the bonding agent to the contact member is superior to that of the bonding agent to a surface of the second member before the contact member is formed thereon.

Abstract: A bulb-shaped outer envelope for accommodating at least one lamp including a light-emitting body and a control gear is disclosed. The envelope has a substantially spherical section for receiving the light-emitting body, and an elongated end section for receiving at least a part of the control gear components. The elongated end section is provided with a neck section. A substantially tubular neck-extension portion connects to an inner surface portion of and protruding from the neck section. The neck-extension portion is suitable for accommodating a remaining part of the control gear components. In a method for the manufacture of a glass outer envelope, a flare that is normally used in the manufacture of incandescent lamps is turned around by 180°, put into a skirted bulbous envelope, melted into the envelope while the skirt is detached and the flare is formed into a neck-extension portion. A self-ballasted compact fluorescent lamp with the bulb-shaped outer envelope is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to aluminoborosilicate glasses as a glass casing body of a lighting means, especially for background illumination, which glass composition is equally suitable for use in lighting means with external contacting as well as for lighting means with internal contacting.

Abstract: An improved germicidal lamp of the type containing mercury, having a ceramic base, and disposed in, and preventing contact with, a transparent quartz sleeve to prevent formation of a cold spot in the germicidal lamp caused by an undesirable thermal transfer between the lamp and the sleeve and which causes condensation of the mercury at the cold spot in the germicidal lamp. The improvement includes the ceramic base having a circumferential groove therearound, and a thermally insulating ring siting in the circumferential groove of the ceramic base so as to prevent the ceramic base from contacting the sleeve to prevent formation of the cold spot in the germicidal lamp caused by the undesirable thermal transfer between the lamp and the sleeve and prevent the condensation of the mercury at the cold spot in the germicidal lamp.

Abstract: An AC or DC gas discharge plasma display panel (PDP) device having one or more substrates and a multiplicity of pixels or sub-pixels that are defined by a hollow plasma-shell filled with an ionizable gas. The plasma-shell is illustrated with reference to a plasma-dome, but other plasma-shell shapes may be used including plasma-disc and plasma-sphere. A plasma-dome has at least one domed or round side and one opposing flat side such as a dome top and flat bottom or vice versa. One or more other sides or edges may also be flat or non-flat. Two or more addressing electrodes are in electrical contact with each plasma-dome, at least one electrode being in electrical contact with a side or end of the plasma-dome that is not flat. The electrical contact may include a conductive pad in electrical contact with the electrode and/or the plasma-dome.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mercury-free low pressure discharge lamp with a discharge vessel having an ionizable filling. The surface temperature of the discharge vessel, and thus the temperature of the ionizable filling, can be adjusted at least in some sections such that an emitting substance can produce the radiation required for the excitation of the luminescent substance. The temperature of the fluid is preferably adjusted in a temperature control circuit, using a temperature sensor, a pump and a heating device.

Abstract: Preferred embodiments of the invention provide microcavity plasma lamps having a plurality of metal and metal oxide layers defining a plurality of arrays of microcavities and encapsulated thin metal electrodes. Packaging encloses the plurality of metal and metal oxide layers in plasma medium. The metal and metal oxide layers are configured and arranged to vary the electric field strength and total gas pressure (E/p) in the lamp. The invention also provides methods of manufacturing a microcavity plasma lamp that simultaneously evacuate the volume within the packaging and a volume surrounding the packaging to maintain an insignificant or zero pressure differential across the packaging. The packaging is backfilled with a plasma medium while also maintaining an insignificant or zero pressure differential across the packaging.

Abstract: A light source device includes a light source unit emitting light of a first wavelength and a wavelength converting element converting light of the first wavelength into light of a second wavelength. An external resonator transmits light of the second wavelength toward an emission destination and reflects light of the first wavelength to resonate between the light source unit and the external resonator. A wavelength separating section transmits light converted from the first wavelength to the second wavelength while traveling from the external resonator to the light source unit and reflects light of the first wavelength in order to separate the different wavelength light. A turnback section reflects light of the second wavelength separated by the wavelength separating section toward the emission destination. In addition, the wavelength separating section reflects light of the first wavelength from the light source unit to travel toward the wavelength converting element.

Abstract: A lamp device includes: a lamp unit mounted in a lamp housing; and a circuit unit disposed in the lamp housing for activating the lamp unit to emit light when receiving an external voltage through opposite connecting ports mounted on the lamp housing. The lamp unit includes two cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) connected in series. Each CCFL includes a lamp tube that has a first tube segment connected to a first electrode portion and extending in a first direction, a second tube segment connected to a second electrode portion and extending in a second direction transverse to the first direction, and a curved third tube segment interconnecting the first and second tube segments. For each CCFL, a ratio of a length of the lamp tube in the second direction to a length of the same in the first direction is less than 25%.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a display panel having a face plate, a rear plate, and a frame member, forming a vacuum container, a plurality of plate-like spacers arranged between the face plate and the rear plate in an interior of the vacuum container to maintain an internal space of the vacuum container, and a support member that supports a rear surface of the display panel. The support member includes a plate-like member having a plurality of protruding portions with a linear shape, and a longitudinal direction of the protruding portions and a longitudinal direction of the spacers are substantially parallel to each other.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp includes a ceramic discharge vessel and two electrodes. The discharge vessel encloses a discharge volume containing an ionizable gas filling including at least a metal halide, two current lead-through conductors connected to the respective electrode, and a seal having sealing material through which at least one of the respective current lead-through conductors issues to the exterior of the discharge vessel. The sealing material of the seal includes a ceramic sealing material with cerium oxide, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide as a mixture of oxides and/or one or more mixed oxides.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate dividing into a pixel region including a pixel and a non-pixel region other than the pixel region, a second substrate opposed to a predetermined region including the pixel region on the first substrate, and a frit seal formed between the first substrate and the second substrate to encapsulate the first substrate and the second substrate. On the non-pixel region of the first substrate, a buffer layer is formed. An insulating film is formed on the buffer layer and a predetermined region of the insulating layer is etched. A portion of a first metal film is exposed by etching. A second metal film is formed to overlap the exposed portion of the first metal film. A protective film is formed on the insulating film and the second metal film.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) lamp tube includes a circuit board and a tubular enclosure. The circuit board is disposed in the enclosure such that the enclosure is divided into a non-illuminated portion and a light-receiving portion. The light-receiving portion has two light-condensing side sections corresponding respectively to two sides of the circuit board, and a light-diffusing middle section connected between the light-condensing side sections. An outer surface of the light-receiving portion has a smoothly varying curvature. The light-condensing side sections cooperate with the light-diffusing middle section to diffuse uniformly LED light transmitted from an outer surface of the enclosure.

Abstract: A low pressure discharge lamp with a double helix shape comprises a lamp base and an envelope connected to the lamp base. The envelope has a phosphor coating on an interior surface thereof, and contains a gas fill energizable to a discharge state by electrical voltage. The envelope includes discharge tube sections which are wound about a longitudinal axis and fitted into each other as a double-start thread. The discharge tube sections have first end portions and second end portions. The first end portions are closer to the lamp base and each have a gas-tight sealing and electrodes in the sealing for receiving the electric voltage. The second end portions are farther off the lamp base and each have a gas-tight sealing. These second end portions are bent inwards from a pitch of the helix and extend next to each other spaced apart by a clearance. A passage is formed between said second end portions. The passage is spaced apart by a distance from the sealing of each said second end portion.

Abstract: A monochromic, multi-color and full-color cold cathode fluorescent display (CFD), comprises of some shaped white or multi-color or red, green blue color cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), reflector, base plate, temperature control means, luminance and contrast enhancement face plate, shades and its driving electronics. CFD is a large screen display device which has high luminance, high efficiency, long lifetime, high contrast and excellent color. CFD can be used for both outdoor and indoor applications even at direct sunlight, to display a character, or graphic and video image.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp includes a fluorescent tube, a thermal electron, a first cover electrode and a second cover electrode. The fluorescent tube has a discharge space. The thermal electron emitting part is disposed in the discharge space. The first cover electrode is disposed at an end portion of the fluorescent tube, and is electrically connected to a first end portion of the thermal electron emitting part. The second cover electrode is spaced apart from the first cover electrode disposed at the end portion of the fluorescent tube, and is electrically connected to a second end portion of the thermal electron emitting part. The thermal electron emitting part is electrically connected to the first cover electrode and the second cover electrode.

Abstract: A bonding method using a bonding agent is provided, which has the steps of forming an underlayer on a first member, providing a bonding agent on the underlayer, forming a contact member, different from the bonding agent, on a second member, bringing the bonding agent into contact with the contact member so that the first member and the second member are bonded to each other. In the method described above, the wettability of the bonding agent to the underlayer is superior to that of the bonding agent to a surface of the first member before the underlayer is formed thereon, and the bondability of the bonding agent to the contact member is superior to that of the bonding agent to a surface of the second member before the contact member is formed thereon.

Abstract: A bonding method using a bonding agent is provided, which has the steps of forming an underlayer on a first member, providing a bonding agent on the underlayer, forming a contact member, different from the bonding agent, on a second member, bringing the bonding agent into contact with the contact member so that the first member and the second member are bonded to each other. In the method described above, the wettability of the bonding agent to the underlayer is superior to that of the bonding agent to a surface of the first member before the underlayer is formed thereon, and the bondability of the bonding agent to the contact member is superior to that of the bonding agent to a surface of the second member before the contact member is formed thereon.

Abstract: Compact fluorescent lamp having a known base (1), a central hollow column (2), attached to the base (1), and the outer surface of which has a heat- and light-reflecting coating; a cap (3) closing the hollow column (2); and one or more light-radiating members (4) secured to the cap (3) and/or to the hollow column (2). The light-radiating members (4) start from the hollow column (2) and connect to electronic and electric elements and pass through the holes (3b) of the hollow column and/or the cap (3). The lamp further comprises a guide-ring (11) to support the light-radiating members (4) extending until or beyond the meeting boundary edge of the base (1) and the hollow column (2). The hollow column (2), the base (1), the cap (3) and the guide ring (11) are encompassed with the light-radiating members (4) extending in at least a direction parallel with the longitudinal axis of the lamp towards the base (1) and back and the light-radiating members (4) have curved sections (4a).

Abstract: A transparent sintered yttrium aluminum garnet ceramic material formed from a solid-state reaction of a mixture of yttrium oxide powder and aluminum oxide powder during sintering. The ceramic material preferably has an in-line transmission of greater than 75% so it may used to fabricate arc tubes for high intensity discharge lamps used in automotive headlamps.

Abstract: A display device (10) includes a plurality of gas discharge tubes (11R, 11G, 11B, . . . ) sandwiched between a front support plate (31) and a plurality of rear support plates (321, 322, . . . 328). The display device further includes: a plurality of display electrodes (2) formed on a surface of the front support plate facing the plurality of gas discharge tubes to extend across tube axes of the plurality of gas discharge tubes; a plurality of signal electrodes (3) formed on surfaces of the plurality of rear support plates facing the plurality of gas discharge tubes to extend along the longitudinal direction of the plurality of gas discharge tubes. Another rear support plate (330) for supporting the plurality of rear support plates is disposed on surfaces of the plurality of rear support plates opposite to the surfaces facing the plurality of gas discharge tubes.

Abstract: A lighting device comprises a serpentine shaped CCFL, a driver driving the CCFL, a connector that allows the device to connect to and receive power from conventional power sockets, and a fixture that connects them into a single device. Such device can be used for general lighting purposes and replaces incandescent and other fluorescent lamps in current use without having to change electrical sockets. The fixture mechanically connects the CCFL, the driver and the connector to form an unitary mechanical structure. Preferably an air gap is maintained between the CCFL and the driver.

Abstract: A flat-type fluorescent lamp includes upper and lower glass substrates facing each other; a spacer glass having a zigzag shape between the upper and lower glass substrates for providing a plurality of discharge areas; first and second electrode parts at ends of the upper and lower glass substrates along a longitudinal direction thereof; first and second reflective sheets respectively formed on upper and lower surfaces of the spacer glass; and a plurality of first fluorescent substances formed on the upper glass substrate and a plurality of second fluorescent substances formed on the lower glass substrate.

Abstract: A system and method for hermetically sealing a lamp. Certain embodiments of the lamp have an arc envelope having an open end and, also, an end structure diffusion bonded to the arc envelope at the open end. The end structure also has a dosing passageway extending into the arc envelope. In other embodiments, a lighting device is provided with an end structure adapted to close an open end of an arc envelope, and a dosing tube diffusion bonded to the end structure. Another embodiment of the lighting device has an arc envelope and an end structure diffusion bonded to an open end of the arc envelope.

Abstract: The orientation of fluorescent lamps is detected in a manufacturing method for a direct backlight unit that alternates orientations of adjacent fluorescent lamps. In a preparation step of the manufacturing method for the backlight unit of the present invention, a plurality of fluorescent lamps are prepared. In each of the fluorescent lamps, a length (a1) from a first sealed portion of a glass bulb (26) to a non-phosphor layer (32) area is shorter than a length (a2) from a second sealed portion to a non-phosphor layer (32) area (a1<a2). In a detection step, the difference between the lengths is detected with use of a sensor. In an installation step, the fluorescent lamps are arranged with use of the detection results so that the first and second ends alternate on a same side of a housing.

Abstract: Radiation source for electromagnetic radiation the major effective component of which is in the near-infrared region, in particular in the wavelength region between 0.8 ?m and 1.5 ?m, to form an elongated irradiation zone, with an elongated halogen lamp comprising a glass body that has a tubular shape with bases at the ends and contains at least one spiral filament, and with an elongated reflector, such that the bases of the halogen lamp are disposed in the region of the reflector surface or behind it with reference to the position of the halogen lamp, wherein the ends of the halogen lamp are bent around toward the reflector and the spiral filaments or at least one of them is made thicker or is more densely wound in the bent region of the glass body, in such a way that the radiation flux density of the radiation source is substantially constant in the long direction of the source, between the outermost points of the bases.

Abstract: A display device includes a plurality of gas discharge tubes sandwiched between a front support plate and a rear support plate. A plurality of signal electrodes are formed on the rear support plate to extend along the longitudinal direction of the gas discharge tubes. The signal electrodes are divided into a plurality of groups. The distance between adjacent ones of the signal electrodes in each group has a first distance. The distance between adjacent ones of the signal electrodes between adjacent groups has a second distance that is larger than the first distance. Thus, a space may be provided between the two adjacent gas discharge tubes of the respective adjacent groups.

Abstract: A back light unit for a liquid crystal display device for improving uniformity of the light and dispensing with optical sheets. The back light unit includes a light source having a holographic pattern formed on a surface thereof opposite the display device which is to display a picture, and a reflective plate under the light source.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp comprises a discharge tube arrangement with at least one discharge tube. The tube is formed of glass, encloses a discharge volume filled with a discharge gas and has a fluorescent phosphor coating disposed on the inner surface of the tube. The tube forms a continuous arc path and has electrodes disposed at each end of the arc path. The lamp also comprises a ballast circuit connected to the electrodes by lead-in wires and to a supply voltage by lead-out wires for controlling the current in the tube. A bulb shaped outer envelope comprises a substantially spherical portion, which encloses the tube arrangement and an elongated end portion, which encloses the ballast circuit. The end portion of the outer envelope has a neck portion with an open end on a base side for receiving a base shell.

Abstract: A low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp has a lamp envelope enclosing, in a gastight manner, a discharge space provided with a filling of mercury and a rare gas. The lamp envelope includes electrodes for maintaining a discharge in the discharge space. The lamp envelope transmits UV-light and is made of a black glass component. The composition of the black glass component is free of PbO and comprises, expressed as a percentage by weight, the following constituents: 65-70% by weight of SiO2, 1.4-2.2% by weight of Li2O, 1.5-2.5% by weight of Na2O, 11-13% by weight of K2O, 1.8-2.6% by weight of MgO, 2.5-5% by weight of CaO, 2-3.5% by weight of SrO, 8-9.5% by weight of BaO, 0.2-0.4% by weight of CoO, and 1.7-3.25% by weight of NiO.

Abstract: An arc discharge metal halide lamp for providing visible light comprising an arc discharge vessel which has capillary tubes therein in at least one of which there is a first electrical feedthrough extending through an interior passageway to have an interior end of that electrode positioned in the discharge region opposite the other the interior passageway of the other capillary and an exterior end thereof positioned outside the outer end of that capillary tube but joined to a cermet portion inside that tube. In an intermediate stage of fabricating the lamp, a bonding material ring of limited diameter is provided at the end of the capillary tube about the exterior end. In a completed lamp, the first electrical feedthrough has limited extent joints where its components are joined and, alternatively or in addition, has a limited offset between its components at a joint between them.

Abstract: The orientation of fluorescent lamps is detected in a manufacturing method for a direct backlight unit that alternates orientations of adjacent fluorescent lamps. In a preparation step of the manufacturing method for the backlight unit of the present invention, a plurality of fluorescent lamps are prepared. In each of the fluorescent lamps, a length (a1) from a first sealed portion of a glass bulb (26) to a non-phosphor layer (32) area is shorter than a length (a2) from a second sealed portion to a non-phosphor layer (32) area (a1<a2). In a detection step, the difference between the lengths is detected with use of a sensor. In an installation step, the fluorescent lamps are arranged with use of the detection results so that the first and second ends alternate on a same side of a housing.

Abstract: A method of producing an electroluminescent display is provided. A medium is obtained from a stream of commerce. The medium is activated to form a pattern such that the medium emits light by electroluminescence according to the pattern in response to electrical energization.