Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for modifying a carbon nanotube electrode interface, which modifies carbon nanotubes used as a neuron-electrode interface by performing three stages of modifications and comprises the steps of: carboxylating carbon nanotubes to provide carboxyl functional groups and improve the hydrophilicity of the carbon nanotubes; acyl-chlorinating the carboxylated carbon nanotubes to replace the hydroxyl functional groups of the carboxyl functional groups with chlorine atoms; and aminating the acyl-chlorinated carbon nanotubes to replace the chlorine atoms with a derivative having amine functional groups at the terminal thereof. The modified carbon nanotubes used as the neuron-electrode interface has lower impedance and higher adherence to nerve cells. Thus is improved the quality of neural signal measurement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a field emission display, which includes: a base substrate; a plurality of cathode strips, disposed over the base substrate; an insulating layer, disposed over the cathode strips and having a plurality of openings, therewith the openings corresponding to the cathode strips; a plurality of anode strips, disposed over the insulating layer, where the cathode strips and the anode strips are arranged into a matrix and the anode strips individually have at least one impacted surface; and a plurality of subpixel units, individually including: an emissive region having a phosphor layer disposed over the impacted surface; and at least one emissive protrusion, corresponding to the emissive region and disposed in the openings to electrically connect to the cathode strips and protrude out of the openings. Accordingly, the present invention can enhance light utilization efficiency of a field emission display.

Abstract: A method for making an incandescent light source display is disclosed. Electrode pairs connected to the driving circuit are formed on a substrate. The electrode pairs are spaced from each other and located on pixel locations. Each electrode pair includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The electrode pairs are covered with a drawn carbon nanotube film. The drawn carbon nanotube film suspends between the first electrode and the second electrode and has the plurality of carbon nanotubes substantially aligned an X direction from the first electrode to the second electrode in each electrode pair. The drawn carbon nanotube film is then cut along the X direction to form at least one carbon nanotube strip in each pixel location. The drawn carbon nanotube film between any adjacent two pixel locations are broken off. The carbon nanotube strip is shrunk into a carbon nanotube wire.

Abstract: A field emission lamp, capable of increasing the number of electron emitting points thereof, and of increasing the uniformity and the intensity of the light output therefrom by installing a mesh cathode is disclosed. The field emission lamp comprises: an outer shell having an inner surface, a mesh cathode unit surrounded by the outer shell, an anode unit formed on a portion of the inner surface of the outer shell, and a phosphor layer formed on a portion of the anode unit. Wherein, the light generated by the phosphor layer, due to the bombardment of the electrons, can output from the field emission lamp of the present invention, through the outer shell where none of the anode unit is formed thereon.

Abstract: A display panel with secured mechanical reliability comprises: a first plate including a display region and a non display region, a second plate facing the first plate, a first frit portion interposed between the first plate and the second plate and sealing the display region from outside, and a second frit portion separated from the first fit portion and comprising a plurality of sub-frits isolated from each other. The sub-frits are located between a first line which passes through points closest to edges of the first plate among outer points of the first frit portion with respect to a sealed space and extends parallel to the edges of the first plate and a second line which passes through points furthest from the edges of the first plate among inner points of the first frit portion with respect to the sealed space and extends parallel to the edges of the first plate.

Abstract: A field emission electron source includes a carbon nanotube micro-tip structure. The carbon nanotube micro-tip structure includes an insulating substrate and a patterned carbon nanotube film structure. The insulating substrate includes a surface. The surface includes an edge. The patterned carbon nanotube film structure is partially arranged on the surface of the insulating substrate. The patterned carbon nanotube film structure includes two strip-shaped arms joined at one end to form a tip portion protruded from the edge of the surface of the insulating substrate and suspended. Each of the two strip-shaped arms includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes parallel to the surface of the insulating substrate. A field emission device is also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are an electron emission source, a display apparatus using the same, an electronic device, and a method of manufacturing the display apparatus. The electron emission source includes a substrate, a cathode separately manufactured from the substrate, and a needle-shaped electron emission material layer, e.g., carbon nanotube (CNT) layer, fixed to the cathode by an adhesive layer. The CNT layer is formed by a suspension filtering method, and electron emission density is increased by a subsequent taping process on the electron emission material layer.

Abstract: Provided is a chemically-thermally stable phosphor having different emission characteristics from the conventional and exhibiting high emission intensity with an LED of 470 nm or less. A phosphor of the present invention includes A, D, E, and X elements (A is one or more kinds selected from Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba; D is one or more kinds selected from Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr and Hf; E is one or more kinds selected from B, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Y and La; and X is one or more kinds selected from O, N and F), and an inorganic crystal of a crystal designated by Sr1Si3Al2O4N4, another inorganic crystal having the same crystal structure as Sr1Si3Al2O4N4, or a solid-solution crystal thereof, wherein M (one or more kinds of elements selected from Mn, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, and Yb) is solid-solved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to afield emission cathode, comprising an at least partly electrically conductive base structure, and a plurality of electrically conductive micrometer sized sections spatially distributed at the base structure, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of micrometer sized sections each are provided with a plurality of electrically conductive nanostructures. Advantages of the invention include lower power consumption as well as an increase in light output of e.g. a field emission lighting arrangement comprising the field emission cathode.

Abstract: A field emission anode plate (1), a field emission light source and a manufacturing method for the light source are provided. The field emission anode plate comprises a transparent ceramic base (10) and an anode conductive layer (11) provided on the surface of the transparent ceramic base which can be excited to produce light by cathode rays. The field emission light source comprises the field emission anode plate, a field emission cathode plate (2) and a supporter (3). The field emission cathode plate comprises a substrate (20) and a cathode conductive layer (21) provided on the surface of the substrate. The anode conductive layer and the cathode conductive layer are arranged opposite to each other, and two ends of the supporter are hermetically connected to the field emission anode plate and the field emission cathode plate respectively, thus the field emission anode plate, the field emission cathode plate and the supporter constitute a vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A conductive paste composition is provided. The conductive paste composition includes 20 to 70 weight % of silver nanoparticles having an average particle size of 1 nm to 250 nm based on a total weight of the conductive paste composition, and 0.01 to 2 weight % of silver-decorated carbon nanotubes based on the total weight of the conductive paste composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a triode field emission display with anode and gate on the same substrate, comprising anode-gate substrate and cathode substrate, parallel and adapted in the size; a number of strip-like cathode conducting layers arranged alternating on the cathode substrate; resistor layer for current limiting and dielectric layer for cathode protection are arranged alternately on the cathode conducting layer in the longitudinal direction; the electron emission materials are arranged on the resistor layer for current limiting; wherein the strip-like anode conducting layer and strip-like gate conducting layer on the anode-gate substrate are perpendicular to the strip-like cathode conducting layer on the cathode substrate, dielectric layer for isolation is arranged between the anode-gate and the cathode substrates, one end of the dielectric layer for isolation is connected to the dielectric layer for gate protection, the other end is connected to the dielectric layer for cathode protection.

Abstract: An electron multiplying structure for use in a vacuum tube using electron multiplying, the electron multiplying structure having an input face intended to be oriented in a facing relationship with an entrance window of the vacuum tube, an output face intended to be oriented in a facing relationship with a detection surface of the vacuum tube, wherein the electron multiplying structure at least is composed of a semi-conductor material layer adjacent the detection windows. Also disclosed is a vacuum tube using electron multiplying with an electron multiplying structure.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a field emission electronic device. The field emission electronic device includes an insulating substrate, a first electrical conductor located on surface of the insulating substrate, a number of electron emitters connected to the first electrical conductor, a second electrical conductor spaced apart from and insulated from the first electrical conductor. Each of the number of electron emitters includes at least one electron emitter. Each of the electron emitters includes a carbon nanotube pipe. The carbon nanotube pipe includes a first end, a second end and a main body connecting the first end and the second end. The first end of the carbon nanotube pipe is electrically connected to one of the plurality of row electrodes. The second end of the carbon nanotube pipe has a number of carbon nanotube peaks.

Abstract: A field emission cathode structure includes an insulating substrate, a number of strip cathode electrodes, a number of insulators, a number of strip gate electrodes, a number of electron emission units, and a number of fixing layers. The number of insulators is located among and spaced apart from the number of strip cathode electrodes. The field emission cathode structure further satisfies the following conditions: D1?D2/10, wherein, D1 is defined as a width of each of the number of insulators, and D2 is defined as a distance between centerlines of each two adjacent field emission units of the number of field emission units.

Abstract: A field emission flat light source and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The field emission flat light source includes an anode (110), a cathode (120), a light guide plate (130) and a separation body (140). The anode (110) and the light guide plate (130) are separated by the separation body (140). The cathode (120) is provided in the contained space (150) formed by the anode (110), the light guide plate (130) and the separation body (140). The anode (110) includes an anode substrate (112), a metal reflective layer (114) provided on the anode substrate (112) and a light emitting layer (116) provided on the metal reflective layer (114). The cathode (120) includes a cathode substrate (122) and an electron emitter (124) provided on the surface of the cathode substrate (122). The thermal conductivity of the field emission flat light source is improved. The field emission flat light source is applied to the field of the liquid crystal display or the illumination light.

Abstract: An image display apparatus has a plurality of phosphor films two-dimensionally disposed on a substrate, a matrix-pattern rib formed on the substrate to partition between the phosphor films, a plurality of metal backs each covering at least one phosphor film, and resistance wirings having a sheet resistance higher than that of the metal backs for electrically connecting the plurality of metal backs to each other. The resistance wirings are disposed to the apexes of the matrix-pattern rib and composed of a plurality of column lines and a plurality of row lines, the metal backs have first portions for covering the phosphor films on the substrate and second portions formed along the rib to connect the first portions to the column lines.

Abstract: A field emission device includes a cathode and a carbon nanotube (CNT) gate electrode. The CNT gate electrode which is electrically insulated from the cathode includes a CNT layer and a dielectric layer. The CNT layer which has a surface includes a number of micropores. The dielectric layer is coated on the surface of the CNT layer and an inner wall of each of the micropores.

Abstract: Disclosed are a semiconductor apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method of the semiconductor apparatus includes: forming a semiconductor chip on a semiconductor substrate; adhering a carrier wafer with a plurality of through holes onto the semiconductor chip; polishing the semiconductor substrate; forming a first via hole at the rear side of the polished semiconductor substrate; forming a first metal layer below the polished semiconductor substrate and at the first via hole; and removing the carrier wafer from the polished semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electron emitter. The electron emitter includes a carbon nanotube pipe. One end of the carbon nanotube pipe has a plurality of carbon nanotube peaks. The present disclosure also provides an electron emission element. The electron emission element comprises a conductive base and a carbon nanotube pipe. The carbon nanotube pipe includes a first end electrically connected with the conductive base and a second end opposite to the first end. The second end defines an opening and includes a plurality of tapered carbon nanotube bundles located around the opening.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a field emission planar lighting lamp, which comprises: a base substrate; cathodes disposed on the base substrate; anodes disposed on the base substrate, wherein the cathodes are disposed beside the anodes, each anode has an impacted surface corresponding to the cathodes, and the impacted surface is an inclined plane or a curved plane; a phosphor layer disposed on the impacted surface of the anode; and a front substrate corresponding to the base substrate, wherein the anodes and the cathodes are disposed between the base substrate and the front substrate.

Abstract: Luminance life can be enhanced in a vacuum fluorescent display that is driven according to a dynamic drive scheme and that uses a phosphor having remarkable luminance saturation. A drive method for a vacuum fluorescent display, having causing a phosphor layer formed on an anode to display under low-energy electron excitation by the dynamic driving, wherein the phosphor included in the phosphor layer is a phosphor in which the luminance increases when a pulse width is reduced under conditions in which the Du is kept the same in the dynamic driving, and in which, after a voltage is applied to the anode and the luminance of the phosphor is saturated, the time at which the luminance value decreases to 10% of the saturation luminance value following stoppage of the voltage application is 200 ?sec or more; and wherein the pulse width and pulse repetition period in the dynamic driving are made variable in the direction of maintaining the initial luminance of the phosphor as driving time elapses.

Abstract: A method for making the electron emission apparatus is provided. In the method, an insulating substrate including a surface is provided. A number of grids are formed on the insulating substrate and defined by a plurality of electrodes. A number of conductive linear structures are fabricated and supported by the electrodes. The number of conductive linear structures are substantially parallel to the surface and each of the grids contains at least one of the conductive linear structures. The conductive linear structures are cut to form a number of electron emitters. Each of the electron emitters has two electron emission ends defining a gap therebetween.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a triode field emission display with anode and gate on the same substrate, comprising anode-gate substrate and cathode substrate, parallel and adapted in the size; a number of strip-like cathode conducting layers arranged alternating on the cathode substrate; resistor layer for current limiting and dielectric layer for cathode protection are arranged alternately on the cathode conducting layer in the longitudinal direction; the electron emission materials are arranged on the resistor layer for current limiting; wherein the strip-like anode conducting layer and strip-like gate conducting layer on the anode-gate substrate are perpendicular to the strip-like cathode conducting layer on the cathode substrate, dielectric layer for isolation is arranged between the anode-gate and the cathode substrates, one end of the dielectric layer for isolation is connected to the dielectric layer for gate protection, the other end is connected to the dielectric layer for cathode protection.

Abstract: A triode-type field emission device and method of manufacturing the same, suitable for use in screen print process of curved or planar substrate, comprising the following steps: firstly, form a cathode and a gate on a cathode substrate at the same time by means of screen printing, and a gap is located between gate and cathode, to avoid short circuit or interference; next, form a hedgehog-shape field emission layer on at least said cathode; then, form a transparent conductive layer and a light emitting layer sequentially on an anode substrate; and finally, dispose cathode substrate and anode substrate in parallel and spaced apart, and package them into a triode-type field emission device. Bias of cathode and gate can be controlled to achieve local adjustment of light. Also, gate may serve as an emitter, to increase field emission efficiency and its service life.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a field emission lighting arrangement, comprising a first field emission cathode, an anode structure comprising a phosphor layer, and an evacuated envelope inside of which the anode structure and the first field emission cathode are arranged, wherein the anode structure is configured to receive electrons emitted by the first field emission cathode when a voltage is applied between the anode structure and the first field emission cathode and to reflect light generated by the phosphor layer out from the evacuated chamber. Advantages of the invention include lower power consumption as well as an increase in light output of the field emission lighting arrangement.

Abstract: A field emission display includes an insulating substrate, a number of first electrode down-leads, a number of second electrode down-leads, and a number of electron emission units. The first electrode down-leads are set an angle relative to the second electrode down-leads to define a number of cells and a number of intersections. Each electron emission unit is located at one of the plurality of intersections and in at least two adjacent cells. The electron emission unit includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a plurality of electron emitters. The second electrode extends surrounding the first electrode. The plurality of electron emitters located on and electrically connected to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode. A field emission display is also provided.

Abstract: A field emission apparatus, liquid crystal display and television are provided, the field emission apparatus including a cathode plate; a side frame disposed around a perimeter of the cathode plate; an anode plate disposed parallel to the cathode plate; an anode electrode disposed on the anode plate; a connection electrode which is disposed between the anode plate and the side frame, the connection electrode comprising a first end portion in contact with the anode electrode, and a second end portion disposed outside the side frame; and a supporting member which supports the first end portion of the connection electrode.

Abstract: A field emission panel, and a liquid crystal display and a field emission display using the same are provided. The field emission panel includes an upper plate including a first glass plate and a phosphor layer formed on the first glass plate; a lower plate including a second glass plate disposed parallel to the first glass plate and a plurality of electron emission elements provided on the second glass plate; a plurality of spacers disposed between the upper plate and the lower plate; a third glass plate disposed on a rear of the lower plate to form a getter room; and at least one post disposed in the getter room to support the lower plate and the third glass plate.

Abstract: An image display device includes a rear plate provided with an electron emitting element, a face plate provided with a transparent substrate, a transparent anode electrode formed on the transparent substrate, and a fluorescent layer provided on the anode electrode and including fluorescent particles. An average particle size of the fluorescent particles is equal to or less than 500 nm. The face plate has a light extraction means for extracting light emitted when the fluorescent layer is irradiated by electrons emitted from the electron emitting element to the substrate side.

Abstract: A display device having a base substrate provided with light-emitting devices and terminal electrodes connected thereto; a sealing substrate disposed to face the base substrate; a first resin material between the base substrate and the sealing substrate so as to surround a first region in which the light-emitting devices are provided; and a second resin material between the base substrate and the sealing substrate and is filled in the first region surrounded by the first resin material so as to seal the light-emitting devices.

Abstract: A pixel tube for field emission display includes a sealed container, an anode, a phosphor, and a cathode. The sealed container has a light permeable portion. The anode is located on the light permeable portion. The phosphor layer is located on the anode. The cathode is spaced from the anode and includes a cathode emitter. The cathode emitter includes a carbon nanotube pipe. One end of the carbon nanotube pipe has a plurality of carbon nanotube peaks.

Abstract: A color field emission display includes a sealed container and a color element enclosed in the sealed container. The color element includes a cathode, an anode, a phosphor layer and a carbon nanotube string. The anode is located spaced from the cathode. The phosphor layer is formed on an end surface of the anode. The carbon nanotube string has a first end electrically connected to the cathode and an opposite second end functioning as an emission portion. The second end includes a plurality of tapered carbon nanotube bundles.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a face plate including a low-potential electrode and a plate-like spacer including a longitudinal-direction end. The low-potential electrode is set at a lower potential than that of a resistive anode and is disposed between the resistive anode and a feed electrode. The longitudinal-direction end of the plate-like spacer is disposed between the resistive anode and the feed electrode so as to overlap the low-potential electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a field emission light source device, which includes: a base substrate; at least one cathode strip, disposed over the base substrate; at least one emissive protrusion, disposed over the cathode strip and electrically connected to the cathode strip; an insulating layer, disposed over the cathode strip and having at least one opening to allow the emissive protrusion to protrude out of the opening; at least one anode strip, disposed over the insulating layer, where the cathode strip and the anode strip are arranged into an m×n matrix and the at least one anode strip individually has an impacted surface corresponding to the emissive protrude; and a phosphor layer disposed over the impacted surface. Accordingly, the present invention can enhance light utilization efficiency of a field emission light source device.

Abstract: A field emission device includes a cathode, an anode, an emitter, a first adjusting electrode, and a second adjusting electrode. The emitter electrically connects to the cathode. The cathode, the first adjusting electrode, and the second adjusting electrode electrically connect to an electrode down-lead. The anode electrically connects another electrode down-lead. The cathode is disposed between the first adjusting electrode and the second adjusting electrode.

Abstract: A double-sided light-emitting field emission device and method of manufacturing same, said device comprising at least two transparent conductive layers, mixed field emission layers, and transparent package device. Wherein, the mixed field emission layer of field emission source and phosphor are utilized directly to serve as anode and cathode alternatively, such that on applying an AC power supply, roles of anode and cathode are changed alternatively along with frequency, hereby forming double-sided light-emitting structure. Therefore, the applications of said double-sided light-emitting field emission device are pretty wide, and having advantages of protecting field emission source, activating field emission source, reducing field emission arcing effect, having conductive phosphor, and raising illumination.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, there are field emission light emitting devices and methods of making them. The field emission light emitting device can include a plurality of spacers, each connecting a substantially transparent substrate to a backing substrate. The device can also include a plurality of pixels, wherein each of the plurality of pixels can include one or snore first electrodes disposed over the substantially transparent substrate, a light emitting layer disposed over each of the one or more first electrodes, and one or more second electrodes disposed over the backing substrate, wherein the one or more second electrodes and the one or more first electrode are disposed at a predetermined gap in a low pressure region. Each of the plurality of pixels can further include one or more nanocylinder electron emitter arrays disposed over each of the one or more second electrodes.

Abstract: Provided are a field emission electrode, a method of manufacturing the field emission electrode, and a field emission device including the field emission electrode. The field emission electrode may include a substrate, carbon nanotubes formed on the substrate, and a conductive layer formed on at least a portion of the surface of the substrate. Conductive nanoparticles may be attached to the external walls of the carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A fluorescent display device includes a housing having with a glass substrate and a circuit board adhered to the inner surface of the glass substrate of the housing. The circuit board includes an anode formed of multiple anode conductors, control elements for controlling the anode conductors and a phosphor layer formed on the anode conductors. The fluorescent display further includes an electron source formed above the anode in the housing, from which electrons are bombarded to the phosphor layer corresponding to the anode conductors selected by the control elements so that a desired display can be obtained. An aluminum thin film with the aluminum area ratio within a range from 30 to 60% is formed on the inner surface of the glass substrate and the circuit board is fixed to the aluminum thin film via a die-bond material.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display is provided. The organic light emitting display comprises: a substrate; an anode that is positioned on the substrate; a sub-anode that is positioned on the anode and that is formed with a metallic oxide and nickel (Ni); an organic light emitting layer that is positioned on the sub-anode; and a cathode that is positioned on the organic light emitting layer.

Abstract: An ion source using a field emission device is provided. The field emission device includes an insulative substrate, an electron pulling electrode, a secondary electron emission layer, a first dielectric layer, a cathode electrode, and an electron emission layer. The electron pulling electrode is located on a surface of the insulative substrate. The secondary electron emission layer is located on a surface of the electron pulling electrode. The cathode electrode is located apart from the electron pulling electrode by the first dielectric layer. The cathode electrode has a surface oriented to the electron pulling electrode and defines a first opening as an electron output portion. The electron emission layer is located on the surface of the cathode electrode and oriented to the electron pulling electrode.

Abstract: To provide a light emitter substrate which is characterized in that discharge current reduction performance is excellent, plural phosphors are arranged in an X direction and a Y direction on a substrate, metal backs are arranged on the phosphors, ribs extending in the Y direction are arranged between the phosphors adjacent in the X direction, first resistors to electrically connect the metal backs adjacent in the Y direction are formed on the ribs respectively, and second resistors to electrically connect the metal backs adjacent in the X direction are formed under the ribs respectively.

Abstract: A 3-dimension facet light-emitting source device including a transparent container, an anode plate, a cathode plate, a plurality of transparent plates and a low-pressure gas layer is provided. The transparent container has a sealed space. The transparent plates are disposed between the anode plate and the cathode plate, and have a fluorescent layer thereon respectively. The lower pressure gas layer is filled in the sealed space to induce electrons emitting from the cathode plate, and the electrons fly in a direction parallel to the transparent plates and hit each fluorescent layer to emit light, so as to form a set of 3-dimension facet patterns.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a face plate with a plurality of light-emitting regions, a rear plate with electron-emitting devices corresponding to the plurality of light-emitting regions, respectively, and a drive circuit that drives the electron-emitting devices. The drive circuit has a correction circuit that calculates a correction value evaluated by influence of emitted electrons from electron-emitting devices which correspond to light-emitting regions around the light-emitting region to be corrected, and corrects a signal input to the electron-emitting device corresponding to the light-emitting region to be corrected based on the correction value. The correction circuit has an adjustment circuit that adjusts the correction value based on variation of characteristics of the plurality of light-emitting regions. Therefore, an image display having improved correction performance and lesser display unevenness can be performed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a group of phosphors of the formula M2(SiO4)1-x-y-z(TiO4)x(ZrO4)y(HfO4)z:A,S and light emitting devices which utilize these phosphors.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a light emitting screen 1 comprises steps of providing a resistance layer 6 having a plurality of apertures arranged in a lattice pattern and having light emitting members each arranged in each of the apertures, on a substrate 2 having an image display region 10 and a peripheral region 11 at an outer periphery of the image display region, such that the resistance layer extends from the image display region to the peripheral region, and such that the plurality of apertures are arranged in the image display region, providing a resistance adjusting layer having a resistance value larger than that of the resistance layer, on the resistance layer, to divide the image display region and the peripheral region into a plurality of segments, and forming a film of an electroconductive layer to cover the resistance layer and the light emitting member positioned in the segments.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a PDP and an FED with excellent visibility and a high level of reliability that each have an antireflective function by which reflection of external light can be reduced. A plurality of adjacent pyramidal-shaped projections and an antireflective layer equipped with a covering film that covers the projections are provided. The reflection of light is prevented by the index of refraction of incident light from external being changed by a pyramid, which is a physical shape, projecting out toward an external side (atmosphere side) of a substrate that is to be used as a display screen as well as by the covering film used to cover the projections being formed of a material that has a higher index of refraction than the index of refraction of the pyramidal projection.

Abstract: An electron emission apparatus includes an insulating substrate, one or more grids located on the substrate, wherein the one or more grids includes: a first, second, third and fourth electrode that are located on the periphery of the gird, wherein the first and the second electrode are parallel to each other, and the third and fourth electrodes are parallel to each other; and one or more electron emission units located on the substrate. Each the electron unit includes at least one electron emitter, and the electron emitter includes a first end, a second end and a gap. At least one electron emission end is located in the gap.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a field emission electronic device. The field emission electronic device includes an insulating substrate, a first electrical conductor located on surface of the insulating substrate, a number of electron emitters connected to the first electrical conductor, a second electrical conductor spaced apart from and insulated from the first electrical conductor. Each of the number of electron emitters includes at least one electron emitter. Each of the electron emitters includes a carbon nanotube pipe. The carbon nanotube pipe includes a first end, a second end and a main body connecting the first end and the second end. The first end of the carbon nanotube pipe is electrically connected to one of the plurality of row electrodes. The second end of the carbon nanotube pipe has a number of carbon nanotube peaks.