Abstract: In a line deflection circuit including an "S"0 correction capacitor in series with the deflection winding a second "S" capacitor is inserted in series with the first one, and there is impressed a sawtooth current at line frequency whose amplitude varies at field frequency by an auxiliary circuit similar to the main deflection circuit and of a source whose voltage varies parabolically with the field frequency. The supply circuit applies a d.c. voltage substantially without field modulation to the series arrangement formed by the two S capacitors.

Abstract: A picture taking tube is provided having a bias light device, said device being formed by a diffuser and a ring of light emitting diodes, which are placed about the glass vacuum enclosure of the tube, the light penetrating into the enclosure through gaps between the electrodes of the tube and also, if necessary, through small sized openings formed in these electrodes.

Abstract: A fast method of determining the position of an electron beam in a shadow mask display tube and has particular application to measuring the convergence of electron beams in color display tubes. A camera is positioned against a color display tube faceplate, the objective lens of the camera covering 10 to 12 triplets of phosphor elements on the screen. The electron beams are modulated with a video signal having a spatial frequency which is slightly different from either the spatial frequency of the color selection electrode or, preferably, half the spatial frequency of the color selection electrode, and the luminance values of the microspots of each color are sampled at the phosphor pitch. Measuring the geometrical positions of the respective beat waveforms of the three colors provides an indication of the misconvergence of the electron beams at the screen.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically calibrating the deflection of an electron beam in a graticuled cathode ray tube. The apparatus includes a microprocessor and digital-to-analog converter for generating input signals of a predetermined accuracy and sending the signals to an amplifier of a cathode ray tube to deflect the electron beam across graticule lines on the faceplate. A phototransistor optically coupled to the faceplate detects the electron beam coinciding with the graticule and in response generates an electrical signal. Signal processing circuitry processes the signal to remove noise from it and retrieve detection signals. The microprocessor receives the detection signals from the signal processing circuitry, compares each detection signal to its corresponding input signal, and adjusts the gain and offset of the amplifier in response to the comparison. Additional circuitry digitally records the beam position relative to the graticule lines.

Abstract: A system and method for displaying an image for photographic reproduction operates to calibrate the brightness of the image display prior to each photographic reproduction in a manner that accounts for the variations in the brightness characteristics of the images of different scenes to be photographically reproduced.

Abstract: A beam detection apparatus for sensing the position of an electron beam within a cathode ray tube is disclosed. The apparatus includes a photodetector for optically detecting the intersections of the electron beam with a graticule line on the faceplate of the cathode ray tube. In a second embodiment, an electrically conductive pattern of reference markers is applied to the graticule for intercepting the beam and a detector is coupled to the conductive pattern for detecting the interception. Calibration circuitry is also included to generate input signals to deflection amplifiers coupled to the cathode ray tube and to evaluate detection signals generated by the beam coinciding with a graticule line. The calibration circuitry compares the input signals to the input signal value represented by the graticule line and adjusts the deflection amplifiers of the cathode ray tube accordingly to cause the beam to coincide with a graticule line bearing a predetermined relationship to the input signal deflecting the beam.

Abstract: Control circuit for use with an image pickup tube permits highlights of an image to be scanned appropriately by a scanning electron beam by increasing the beam current fed to the cathode of the image pickup tube and prevents unwanted oscillations typically found when such beam currents are increased. The control circuit first determines whether the output from the image pickup tube exceeds a predetermined level and produces a control signal to be added to the normal beam current and also uses this control signal to control a vertical deflection circuit to shift the scanning electron beam upwardly toward a region on the photoelectric transducer of the image pickup tube that has already been scanned, thereby providing negative feedback and preventing unacceptable oscillations in the output signal.

Abstract: A device for the restitution and/or analyzing (digitalizing) of color images on an image carrier, comprising a cathode ray tube with a line screen, an assembly of optical fibers fixed on the front face of the tube screen, a color mask in film form, fixed in front of the optical fibers assembly and carrying at least three lines of different colors, means of scanning the screen by the electron beam of the tube along different lines corresponding to the lines of the color mask; and means of relative displacement between the color mask and an image carrier situated in front of the mask, so that each line of the image is scanned by each of the beams produced by the scannings of the screen along the different lines of colors of the mask.

Abstract: Electronic high-speed frame pick-up cameras for instantaneously or successively picking up an image of an object being observed while the structure and birghtness thereof are being changed at high speed. Each camera of this type consists of a first electron lens to reforming the photoelectronic image formed on the photoelectric layer, deflection means arranged so that the re-formed image of the photoelectronic image is located at the deflection center thereof, a singularity or plurality of second electron lenses arranged so that the electron beam deflected by the deflection means can be received thereby, a singularity or plurality of phosphor layers arranged to receive the electron beam sent from the second electron lens(es), a lens drive circuit to supply power to the first and second electron lenses, and a deflection means drive circuit to supply power to the deflection means.

Abstract: The cathode-ray-tube beam deflection of an oscilloscope is automatically calibrated by photoelectrically detecting the intersection of the tube's electron beam with visible graticule lines on the tube's faceplate. An input signal is compared, at the time of intersection, with stored values representative of the graticule lines, and the deflection amplifier gain of the oscilloscope is adjusted until the graticule lines properly represent the measurement of the input signal.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing precise convergence measurements of electron beams in a CRT display by sensing the displacement of brightness peaks as an array of phosphorescent regions are sequentially illuminated by energy from the electron beams deflected by the deflection apparatus of the display system and an independent external time varying magnetic field applied by enclosing the CRT housing within a pair of external coils. Convergence is calculated by calibrating the recorded brightness peaks as a function of beam displacement. The system is adaptable to measuring both vertical and horizontal components of convergence as well as linewidth. The apparatus operates independently of and does not require interruption of dynamic functions which operate in synchronism with the deflection circuits, such as dynamic convergence correction.

Abstract: An installation for electron beam metalworking comprises an electron gun (1), a transformer and rectifier system producing a rectified high voltage supplied to the gun, a vacuum tube (23) disposed in the circuit and associated with means (21) sensitive to the current flowing through the circuit and adapted to interrupt the current when it exceeds a predetermined value. The circuit is characterized in that the positive terminal of the rectifier is connected to the gun anode (4) by way of earth (the reference potential) and the vacuum tube (23) associated with its current flow sensiive means (21) is disposed in the connection between the negative terminal of the rectifier (19) and the gun cathode (3).

Abstract: In a digital wave observation apparatus having an A/D converter for A/D converting an input signal, a trigger level setting device for setting a trigger level, a trigger signal generator for comparing the input signal with a set trigger level and generating a trigger signal, a wave memory for storing an A/D converted input signal in response to the trigger signal, and a display for displaying the input signal stored in the wave memory, the apparatus has a trigger level display device for displaying a horizontal line corresponding to a trigger level on the display irrespective of generation of the trigger signal.

Abstract: A CRT calibration system is provided having a CRT with a display screen, an electron gun system, and a plurality of feedback elements. Each feedback element has an active area disposed proximately to the display screen at a preselected location such that an electron beam from the electron gun system can strike at least a portion of the active area. In response to being struck by electrons, each feedback element provides a feedback signal related to the area of the portion struck. The system also includes a detector system for detecting each feedback signal, and an integrating analog-to-analog converter which, in response, provides a digital signal related to the portion of the active area struck and thereby to the position of the electron beam relative to the particular feedback element interrogated.

Abstract: In a television receiver, a circuit is provided which automatically controls the focus voltage of the picture tube. The circuit uses a sensor to obtain focusing information from the picture tube wherein this information is processed by an alignment computer and a digital to analog converter which controls a blocking oscillator circuit to provide a focusing voltage.

Abstract: A system for measuring the intensity profiles of the electron beams of color kinescopes includes a camera having a CCD. A color field is placed on the kinescope screen and a pixel in the center of one of the colored stripes is selected. The color field is turned off and the beam is scanned in short lines in one direction and incrementally stepped across the selected pixel in the perpendicular direction. The charge level on the selected pixel is representative of the beam intensity and is recorded. The entire beam is stepped across the pixel to measure the intensity profile in one direction. The directions of scanning and stepping are then interchanged to measure the beam intensity profile in the normal direction. The process is then repeated for the other electron beams in the kinescope.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube display device which is compensated for color distortion due to, e.g. vibration, comprises means (9-12) for producing signals representing the respective color light outputs from the phosphor screen (5), means (13) for comparing the signals with the corresponding color impact video signals and means (14) to provide a correction signal to reduce any deviation between the signals.

Abstract: A resonant degaussing circuit provides rapid recovery for use with computer monitors or video display apparatus where frequent movement of the display apparatus occurs. The degaussing circuit comprises a capacitor in parallel with a degaussing coil. Triggering of an SCR causes the capacitor to discharge, so that it resonates with the degaussing coil to produce the desired AC degaussing current. The SCR is triggered only when the vertical deflection current is substantially zero, in order to eliminate interference of the vertical flux with the degaussing current.

Abstract: This device comprises several charge-transfer shift registers integrated on the same semiconductor substrate and disposed one above the other along the axis Oy. The charge-transfer electrodes are common to all the registers and each package of charges injected under an electrode having received the impact of particles is transferred along axis Ox to underneath a diffused zone common to all the registers what causes currents to flow in two electrodes connected to the ends of the zone diffused along axis Ox.

Abstract: A cathode-ray display tube for color printers has a phosphor screen comprises a blue-emitting phosphor having a maximum ability of color emission in the range of wavelengths of 480 m.mu. and below with a radiant energy in the range of wavelengths of about 480 m.mu. and higher being 10% or less of the overall radiant energy; a green-emitting phosphor having a maximum ability of color emission in the range of wavelengths of 520 through 570 m.mu. with a radiant energy in the range of wavelengths of about 500 m.mu. and less and of about 630 m.mu. and higher being 5% or less of the overall radiant energy; and a red-emitting phosphor having a maximum ability of color emission in the range of wavelengths of 630 through 750 m.mu. with a radiant energy in the range of wavelengths of about 590 m.mu. and less being about 10% or less of the overall radiant energy.Phosphor dots located beyond the area of normal raster are sensed to provide timing signals for controlling beam deflection.

Abstract: A series regulated power supply arrangement for an image intensifier tube, comprises an oscillator circuit, a high voltage multiplier and an automatic brightness control (ABC) circuit. The ABC circuit includes a series regulator for producing a variable voltage to be supplied to the microchannel plate of the image intensifier tube. The series regulator comprises a junction power transistor having a load resistor connected to its collector. The junction of the collector and the load resistor is connected to one output terminal and the other end of the resistor is connected to a fixed, high voltage line derived from the oscillator circuit which is the second output terminal. A feedback amplifier is connected to the base of the transistor and one input of the amplifier is coupled to a tap of a potential divider coupled between one output terminal (CPI) and ground.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electron beam current stabilizing device comprising a sensing element (12) responsive to the beam current deviation from the predetermined value, a saw-tooth voltage shaper (14) connected to a high-voltage transformer (2) of an acceleration voltage source and providing periodic saw-tooth voltage, smoothly sloping portions thereof being shaped starting from the moment when the voltage at the high-voltage transformer (2) crosses zero, an adder (13) whose one input is connected to the output of the sensing element (12), and the other input, to the output of the shaper (14), a threshold element (15) connected to the output of the adder (13), a differentiator (16) connected to the output of the threshold element (15) to shape the electric driving pulses when the smoothly sloping portions of the saw-tooth voltage cross at the output of the adder (13) the threshold level of the threshold element (15), a light source connected to the output of the differentiator (16) to convert the electric driving pu

Abstract: An apparatus for sensing electron beam focus on the display screen of a kinescope comprises a photodiode adapted to detect the light output from an area on the kinescope display screen. A signal having a frequency equal to the scanned excitation rate of the individual screen phosphor element areas being excited by a deflected electron beam is developed from the photodiode output. The variation in the amplitude of this signal is an indication of electron beam focus condition.

Abstract: A suppression circuit processes the video signal from an anti-comet tail (ACT) image pickup tube and develops a control signal indicative of illumination highlights exceeding a predetermined level. The control signal is coupled through ACT pulsing circuits to the control elements of the ACT image pickup tube to automatically enable the beam control element pulsing so as to increase the beam current only in the presence of an illumination highlight to force the recharging of the target to cathode potential in the area of the highlight.

Abstract: A scanning-area rotation device for an image pickup tube has a coil (10) for rotating a scanning-area by an electron beam on the target surface of an image pickup tube (14), a shield ring (46) for electrostatically shielding the coil (10) from the target of the image pickup tube (14), and a shield cover (44) for magnetically shielding the coil (10). The shield ring (46) electrostatically shields the target and signal circuit connecting to the target from the coil (10), but does not shield a magnetic flux from the coil (10) to the target. The shield cover (44) shields a magnetic flux developed by the coil (10) and extending to the exterior of the cover (44).

Abstract: A magnetic focusing/deflection system is disclosed for electron beam tubes, particularly camera tubes. The precessional motion occurring upon deflection of the beam which reduces the resolution toward the edge of the picture screen with increasing deflection angle is largely suppressed. The focusing-deflection system disclosed has a compact construction and has a deflection coil system provided for the beam deflection which is subdivided in such manner that a first set of deflection coils arranged on the beam source side and effecting the directional change of the beam emerging from the beam source and a second set of deflection coils arranged on the screen side and adapting the focusing field to the linearly extended beam direction of the beam emerging from the field of the first deflection coil pair are provided. A focusing coil is also provided which is spatially arranged completely on or largely superimposed on the second set of deflection coils.

Abstract: A system and method for varying the phase of an index-related control signal produced within a beam-index display system in a manner compensating for the effects of cross-modulating the index signal with the video drive signals. Provision is made for monitoring the magnitudes of selected video drive signals and for shifting the phase of the control signal in a manner compensating for the effects of such drive signals on the index signal from which the control signal is derived.

Abstract: A method and a device for analyzing a pyroelectric target in an evacuated envelope. The target with two opposite faces has a first face disposed towards a zone of the envelope which is transparent to an incident radiation. The second face is orientated towards an electron gun generating device which operates at least one electron beam. A first scanning of the pyroelectric target with a high intensity low resolution electron beam allows a stage of neutralization of the electron charges induced in the target by the incident radiation. The stage of neutralization is to be considered as effecting a storage of the signal recorded on the target. A second scanning of the pyroelectric target with an electron beam of high resolution and low intensity corresponds to a stage of read-out proper of the target.

Abstract: A scanning area rotation device for an image pick-up tube is provided with a focusing coil enclosing the image pick-up tube and a rotation coil surrounding the vicinity of the target face of the image pick-up tube. A first integration value is calculated by integrating a magnetic flux density, which is developed by the focusing coil, distributing from the target face toward an electron gun of the image pick-up tube with respect to a distance along a tube axis of the image pick-up tube. A second integration value is calculated by integrating a magnetic flux density, which is developed by the rotation coil, distributing from the target face toward the electron gun with respect to a distance along the tube axis. In order to rotate the scanning-area on the target face without off-focusing of the electron beams scanned on the target face, current flowing through the rotation coil has a value allowing the ratio of the second to first integration value to be less than 1/100 in absolute value.

Abstract: The invention contemplates circuit arrangements to protect the target of an image-producing tube from injuriously high local current densities, wherein detector means is responsive to produce an electrical pulse at onset of an unacceptably high local-illumination intensity condition at the cathode. The target-cathode excitation circuit includes switch means with a resistance-changing characteristic, and so connected to respond to the electrical pulse as to rapidly reduce electron flow between the cathode and target of the tube, upon occurrence of such electrical pulse output.

Abstract: A vacuum envelope contains a photoconductive target at one end and a tubular anode electrode having light scattering properties. Light is uniformly reflected onto the target by the anode electrode from a light source mounted on the other end of the tube, outside the evacuated envelope. This uniform illumination tends to reduce build-up and decay lags at low level operating conditions. The light source is removably secured to the tube on a ceramic board incorporating an electric circuit connected to the light source for adjusting and controlling the bias light intensity.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for operating a plurality of image intensifiers from a single power supply wherein the total effective intensifier power coupled to said plurality of image intensifiers is sensed and used to derive automatic brightness control for said plurality of image intensifiers. A circuit for independently adjusting the image intensifier low light level gain and the high light level saturation point is provided to enable the provision of image intensifiers in night vision goggle systems without the need to match image intensifier tube characteristics prior to assembly into goggles.

Abstract: At one of the vacuum tube is disposed an opaque photocathode receiving light from a window in the other end of the tube along a light axis which is spaced from and parallel to the axis of the tube. An accelerating mesh adjacent the photocathode rapidly accelerates the light produced photoelectrons in cooperation with an oblique electron lens along a path having an angle which is oblique to the light axis and tube axis toward a target or readout device. A field mesh adjacent the readout device accelerates the photoelectrons after being deflected by deflection plates to the readout device to provide an output photoelectron streak image thereon.

Abstract: The position of the electron beam axis of the central gun of an in-line tube is determined by moving the tube relative to a dynamic, multipole magnetic field produced by an electro-magnet mounted about the tube neck until a dot is displayed on the display screen. The line passing through the center of the field and the dot on the display screen defines the position of the beam axis and reference points related to that line are then provided on the tube envelope which locate the deflection unit so that its axis coincides with the beam axis.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube control system comprising a cathode ray type tube having a tubular envelope wherein an electron gun is disposed to direct an electron beam onto a spaced anode target screen, the gun including an electron emitting source aligned with an adjustably biased grid means for controlling the current level of the electron beam, and external circuit means connected to the grid means and to the source for adjusting the current level of the electron beam and the electron emission capability of the source correspondingly.

Abstract: A temperature compensation circuit for image intensifier power supplies utilizes at least one temperature responsive element to compensate for changes in both the electronic circuit components and the intensifier gain characteristics. The compensated intensifier gain remains constant over a wide range of operating temperatures.

Abstract: An array of elemental electrodes, each electrode serving in a dual manner as a light sensitive source of photoelectrons, a primary photocathode, and as a collector of electrons for an auxiliary light sensitive input photocathode, followed by a pair of accelerating-retarding field grids and a light emitting phosphor screen to convert electrons passing the retarding field grid to a visible output image. An input optical image, to be processed, impinges on the primary photocathode, while a biasing flood light is provided to excite electrons from the auxiliary photocathode acting as a control on the level at which switching to visible output brightness occurs.

Abstract: The viewing screen of a radar apparatus contains a pair of luminescent layers having green and red luminescing colors respectively. The color of the radar image may be altered by photosensitive means responsive to ambient light which alters the anode voltage of the electron beam gun so that the radar images are green during the day and orange during the night, thereby to avoid dazzling the viewer at night.

Abstract: System and method in which correction signals are computed and applied individually and automatically to eliminate aberrations produced by non-linearities in the deflection amplifiers, yoke and cathode ray tube of a television display. During a programming period, alignment signals are applied to the deflection circuits in place of the normal scan signal, and the position of the beam on the screen is monitored. When the beam is at predetermined points, the correction signals are computed, and these signals are stored. During normal operation of the television system, the correction signals are addressed in accordance with the beam scan signals, and the correction signals are combined with the scan signals to maintain the beam on the desired path.

Abstract: A device for the non-destructive electrical read-out of a light image, using an electronic tube which comprises in particular a target for recording and read-out of the image and an electrongun for scanning the image. The read-out device is constituted by the tube and means which divide by a factor of n the electron beam current, thus preventing the destruction of the light information during n successive read-out operations.

Abstract: A reticle brightness control circuit means in a night vision image intenser in which the circuit means utilizes screen current intensity to provide a proportionate amount of current through a reticle light-emitting diode (LED) for controlling the brightness level therefrom as projected on the cathode. When the object image input brightness impinging on the cathode is less than an automatic brightness control limiting level, the screen current limiting level and the reticle LED brightness are directly controlled by the screen current. However, when the object image input brightness goes about the screen current limiting level, the brightness level of the reticle LED is further increased by a decreased feedback voltage from the microchannel plate power supply oscillator (MCP OSC) circuit which provides proportionately more current through the reticle LED wherein the brightness of the reticle image remains commensurate with the input image brightness under all input light levels.

Abstract: This power supply detects the total power input to an image tube of the type utilizing microchannel plate electron multipliers in order to set the image output brightness. A current sensing resistor in the oscillator circuit provides a feedback potential in proportion to the total power demand of the image tube. This potential is applied to a transistorized circuit for limiting the input to the oscillator to a predetermined level.

Abstract: Test apparatus for a cathode ray tube has optical elements disposed along two optical paths from the screen of a cathode ray tube to two photosensors. One optical path passes through a graticule which has a pattern of light transmissive and non-transmissive areas. The real image of a luminous spot on the screen is accurately positioned on a boundary between two of the areas of the graticule by deriving a control signal from a comparison of the photosensor outputs.

Abstract: A solid state sensing retina for infrared vidicon television camera tubes using a low voltage electron beam, consisting of a monolithic silicon wafer having an n-type substrate and two dimensional array of p-type islands, each island has a Schottky electrode photoemitter and substrate contact buss, an ohmic contact pad allows charging of the p-type region beneath the Schottky electrode.

Abstract: Temperature-rise detecting device and average beam current restricting device operable in response to the former device are provided in television receiver set. Temperature in the television receiver may be kept below a predetermined temperature by reducing the average beam current when the temperature in the television receiver set rises. This results in the lowering of the maximum rated temperature for the parts used in the fly-back transformer, the high voltage rectifier, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for determining the presence and position of a moving object within a static field. Basically, the invention utilizes a photocathode in combination with a storage mesh whereby a distributive charge may be stored upon the mesh indicative of light levels within the field. Positive and negative write operations are exercised at different points in time and are superimposed upon the storage mesh. The mesh is then read by means of deflection coils in combination with an aperture plate so as to sequentially scan the storage mesh and emit output signals correlated with the charges upon the mesh after positive and negative write cycles have been exercised. The invention incorporates the fundamental structures of an optical image correlator tube and an image dissector tube.

Abstract: An electron source is disclosed for generating a flow of electrons of substantially narrow energy distribution. Such a source may be incorporated into a cathode ray tube (CRT) where the beam of narrow energy electrons is modulated, as by a grid or other target element of the CRT; the current control characteristics of the CRT are dependent upon the energy distribution of the electron beam, and as the width of this distribution in the beam or flow of electrons is decreased, the sensitivity of the CRT is increased. In accordance with the teachings of this invention, the electron beam source includes a mirror element for critically absorbing incident electrons whose energy is above a predetermined value. Electrons whose energy is below the critical predetermined value are reflected from the mirror element to form an electron flow of a substantially uniform energy level.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for controlling the amount of the electron beam in a photoconduction type image pickup tube in which the signal corresponding to the return beam from the photoelectric conversion plane is detected, the detected signal is compared with a reference signal and amplified, and the resulting signal is applied to the scanning electron beam current control electrode. By appropriately determining a plurality of circuit constants the return beam can be maintained approximately at a constant value independently of the amount of light incident upon the photoelectric conversion plane.

Abstract: An electron-optical image tube is provided which avoids the limitations imposed by photographic and image storage techniques and which enables a direct linear intensity profile of a pulse train to be obtained. The image tube, instead of having a phosphor screen, has a disc with one or more slit apertures therethrough and a photoelectron image is scanned across the aperture or apertures. The time spacing of the light pulses can be adjusted so that the time of the image tube coincides with the fixed aperture or apertures in the disc when a continuous circular scan is used.

Abstract: An automatic control for the optimum control voltage during the line flyback time between the control electrode and the cathode of an ACT gun in a television pick-up tube. A variation in the cathode potential during the line flyback requires inter alia an adaptation of the control electrode potential. Without this adaptation a too small beam current on the target would result in an insufficient erasing action while a too large beam current would result in an inadmissible dark current with the risk of persistence upon display (afterglow). In the circuit arrangement a measurement of the beam current is effected through a specific choice of the lens pulse duration at the gun, which beam current becomes available for the erasing action on the target during the line flyback time, and through comparison with a reference value a variable pulse generator is controlled for supplying the control electrode pulse with a given pulse height during the line flyback time.