Abstract: The cathode of an electron gun is connected to the body of a space vehicle, performing an automatic limitation (or neutralization) of the negative potential (measured with respect to the physical entity toward which the electron beam is directed, i.e. the anode (A) of the gun, whether this be the environment in which the gun is immersed or a particular object such as a second space vehicle) which the body may assume in the absence of the connection referred to. The aforementioned negative potential is limited or neutralized by means of the extraction of negative charges emitted from the gun (K-E) in the form of an electron beam under appropriate conditions of vacuum. The gun comprises a cathode (K) to be connected to the body (C), at least one accelerating electrode (E), an accelerating voltage generator (G) and a generator (R) for heating the cathode.

Abstract: The present invention includes a cathode-ray tube (10) capable of providing a high-brightness, high-resolution large screen display that is compatible with, for example, field sequential liquid crystal color display systems and monochrome imaging systems. Preferably, the tube includes a small-diameter cathode assembly (14 of 110) with an adjacent small-diameter control grid electrode (38 or 114). The small diameters of the cathode assembly and the control grid electrode result in relatively little capacitance and are, therefore, compatible with relatively high video signal bandwidths. A thick accelerating electrode (66 or 150) is positioned adjacent the control grid electrode to prefocus the electron beam and, thereby, form it with relatively low spherical aberration. In a preferred embodiment, the electron beam is modulated in a push-pull manner by applying a video modulation signal and its inverse to the cathode and the control grid electrode.

Abstract: Energetic electrons emitted by heated cathodes in a multi-beam color cathode ray tube (CRT) are directed to a low voltage beam forming region (BFR) of an electron gun, with the thus formed electron beams then directed through a high voltage main focus lens for focusing the beams on a display screen of the CRT. The BFR includes a G.sub.2 electron having three spaced inline apertures each disposed within an essentially electrostatic field-free region and through each of which a respective electron beam passes. Each G.sub.2 aperture intercepts an outer portion of an associated electron beam to provide an electron beam cross sectional shape which compensates for the asymmetric focusing effect of the main focus lens in correcting for beam spherical aberration to provide a rotationally symmetric electron beam spot on the display screen.

Abstract: An electron gun for a cathode ray tube comprises a triode having a control electrode and a screen electrode. Each electrode has a number of beam passing holes. The diameter of the beam passing holes of the control electrode is greater than the diameter of the beam passing holes of the screen electrode. Accordingly, spherical aberrations of cathode and prefocusing lenses are decreased, thereby improving image resolution.

Abstract: An electron gun and a high tension switch permits the achievement of high-power electron beams which are ON-OFF modulated by DC up to frequencies exceeding kHz. The electron gun has a cathode, at least two accelerating electrodes, a cathode heater, and a possible focussing system. The or each accelerating voltage, generated by any source, which may in the case of space applications also be a tether, is applied between accelerating electrodes and cathode, with the exception of an appropriate accelerating electrode to which there is applied, by of the switch, alternately its accelerating voltage or the same voltage as that of the cathode, obtaining an ON-OFF modulation of the electron beam emitted by the gun.

Abstract: A limiting aperture disposed in a low voltage, beam forming region (BFR) of an electron gun in a cathode ray tube (CRT) provides reduced electron beam spot size with low power dissipation. The limiting aperture is located in a low voltage, electrostatic field-free region, preferably in the screen grid electrode G.sub.2, where the field-free region is formed by increasing the thickness of the screen grid electrode G.sub.2 to 1.8 times the diameter of a pair of circular recessed portions in opposing surfaces of the screen grid electrode G.sub.2 which are separated by the small diameter limiting aperture on the electron gun's axis through which the beam is directed. A narrow, relatively electrostatic field-free zone is thus formed in the center of the screen grid electrode G.sub.2 which is maintained at a relatively low voltage, i.e., ranging from approximately 300 V to less than 12% of the anode voltage.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for selectively scaling the dimensions of a field emission electron gun. The electron gun includes a field emission tip followed by a dual electrode immersion lens. The lens consists of two planar electrodes separated by a dielectric layer. A well defined circular hole is present at the center of each electrode and the dielectric layer. A high scaling factor is applied to the region consisting of the first electrode and the emission tip, reducing the first electrode thickness and bore diameter and the distance between the tip and first electrode to the micrometer range. A weaker scaling factor is applied to the bore diameter of the second electrode and the spacing between the electrodes such that the second electrode bore diameter and distance between the electrodes are approximately equal and are greater than the first electrode thickness and bore diameter and the distance between the tip and first electrode.

Abstract: A novel electron beam apparatus and technique wherein a plurality of longitudinally extending heated filaments is employed, each similarly offset laterally of a central longitudinal axis, but with successive filaments alternately disposed on opposite sides of said axis and cooperating with a first low velocity accelerating stage comprising staggered grid slots and openings, and a high velocity second accelerating stage to provide long uniform longitudinal electron beams.

Abstract: An electron beam focusing device for use in a cathode ray tube (CRT) including a first and a second conductor film each formed on the inner surface of a neck portion of the CRT, which are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance, and a resistive conductor film which connects the first and second conductor films with each other. The first conductor film is located before the second conductor film in a beam travelling direction. The additional conductor film has a higher resistivity than that of the first and second conductor films. The first conductor film is set at a higher potential than the second conductor film. A dark current flowing from a high potential side through the first conductor film, the resistive conductor film and the second conductor film produces a voltage drop across the resistive conductor film so that the surface potential of the resistive conductor film is stabilized, thus forming an electrostatic lens with a stabilized electric field.

Abstract: A parallel sweeping system for electrostatic sweeping ion implanters comprising an ion source for generating an ion beam, first and second multipole beam deflectors along and around a common optical axis and a target wafer to be raster-scanned by the deflected beam. The two deflectors have the same number of electrodes of five or more and have similar configurations. One electrode of the first deflector is paired with an electrode of the second deflector in the same plane common with the optical axis, but on the opposite side of the optical axis. The same sweeping voltage is applied simultaneously to each electrode of a pair in the same plane and predetermined different voltages to each pair of electrodes. Thus, a substrate is constantly raster-scanned by means of parallel ion beams with predetermined direction, namely raster-scanned with the ion beam all over a large wafer with exact parallelism to the optical axis.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electron gun for cathode ray tubes successively comprising an electron source electrode or cathode, a control or Wehnelt electrode, a first acceleration electrode or anode carried to an adjustable voltage and at least one focusing or second acceleration electrode in which there is inserted, between the first acceleration electrode and the focusing or second acceleration electrode, an additional electrode which is carried, during operation, to a fixed biase voltage, this electrode forming a low-powered electrostatic lens with the anode electrode and forming a high-powered electrostatic lens with the second acceleration electrode.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube apparatus comprises three cathodes arranged in line with each other in a first direction for emission of respective electron beams therefrom, a focusing electrode having first to third apertures defined therein for the passage of the respective electron beams therethrough, a quadrupole electrode structure including first to third quadrupole electrodes one for each electron beam, each of the quadrupole electrode being comprised of a pair of horizontal electrode pieces spaced a predetermined distance from each other in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and positioned upwardly and downwardly, respectively, with respect to the associated electron beam, and a pair of vertical electrode pieces spaced a predetermined distance from each other in a direction aligned with the first direction and positioned leftwards and rightwards with respect to such associated electron beam, and a power source circuit for applying a predetermined voltage to the quadrupole electrode structure.

Abstract: A multiple beam cathode-ray tube employs a bipotential electrode structure to provide acceleration and convergence of the electron beams without the use of a resistive helix coil. In a preferred embodiment, the bipotential electrode structure (10) is employed in a cathode-ray tube (14) in which a cathode (28) and a grid electrode structure (30) cooperate to form plural beams of high velocity electrons. The bipotential electrode structure includes an immersion lens cylinder (16) that is positioned upstream of a tubular electrode element (18). The outer diameter (226) of the immersion lens cylinder is less than the inner diameter (228) of the tubular electrode element, thereby allowing the downstream end of the immersion lens cylinder to extend into the upstream end of the tubular electrode element. A potential difference applied between the immersion lens cylinder and the tubular electrode element accelerates the electrons in the multiple beams and converges them to form an array of crossovers at a plane (64).

Abstract: An electron gun for color picture tube wherein a focusing electrode adjacent to an acceleration electrode supplied with highest voltage includes two members comprising a first member and a second member, wherein a platelike correction electrode extended into the inside of the first member through a single opening formed in an end face of the first member opposed to the second member is so disposed above and below electron beam passage holes formed in an end face of the second member located at the opposite side with respect to the accelerating electrode and opposed to the first member as to be electrically in contact with the second member, wherein constant voltage is applied to the first member, and wherein voltage so changed in synchronism with electron beam deflection as to have a value increased with increase in the amount of deflection is applied to the second member.

Abstract: At least one of the focusing electrodes stages disposed between an acceleration electrodes stage and a rear focusing electrodes stage is constituted by first and second grid electrodes, confronting portions thereof having asymmetrical construction with respect to an electron beam axis. A constant focusing voltage is applied to the first grid electrode, and a dynamic focusing voltage gradually increasing or decreasing from the constant focusing voltage as the degree of beam deflection increases is applied to the second grid electrode.

Abstract: A charged-particle beam electric field deflector includes plural (n) pairs or sets of facing deflection electrodes to accelerate and deflect the beam. Different d.c. acceleration voltages are superimposed on a common deflection voltage and applied to the electrode pairs so that electrode pair k is responsive to acceleration voltage k and the common voltage, where k is selectively each of 1 . . . n. The distance between each pair of facing electrodes is constant or increases along the beam path, while the length of each of the deflection electrodes has a given relationship as a function of the distance between the facing electrodes of each pair. The deflector is used in a flat CRT.

Abstract: A high-power switch tube is shown constructed from a plurality of electron guns each gun having a cathode and an anode. Between the cathode and anode is mounted a shadow grid closest to the cathode beyond which is mounted a control grid, a screen grid, and, in some applications, by a suppressor grid. Each anode is formed with an anode cavity having an opening that is smaller in dimension than the largest dimension of the cavity thus forming a Faraday cage collector which prevents secondary emission problems.

Abstract: An improved grid arrangement is shown for a gridded electron gun wherein the control grid and/or shadow grid is provided with tapering grid vanes which reduce the amount of voltage required to cut off the electron beam. Alternately, a fewer number of grid vanes may be utilized to accomplish the same cutoff of the electron beam thus reducing the loading on the cathode and improving the transmission of the electron beam.

Abstract: A camera tube device for use in a television camera comprises an electron gun including a cathode electrode for emission of an electron beam, and first and second grid electrodes respectively having apertures for controlling the diameter of the electron beam. The aperture of the second grid electrode is sufficiently smaller than the aperture of the first grid electrode. The first grid electrode is applied with a positive voltage relative to the cathode electrode and the second grid electrode is applied with a positive voltage relative to the cathode electrode which is higher than that applied to the first grid electrode. The positive voltage applied to the first grid electrode has such a value that forms the electron beam having passed through the aperture of the first grid electrode into a laminar flow beam.

Abstract: For use in an in-line electron gun of a cathode ray tube, a cup member comprises a planar plate having three apertures aligned with one another and a collar portion protruded from the planar plate. A height of the collar portion is between 2 mm and 6 mm, both inclusive. The collar portion may be either uniform in height or divided into a first pair of protrusions transversely of a predetermined straight line passing through the three apertures and a second pair of protrusions contiguous to the first pair of protrusions and lower in height than the first pair of protrusions.

Abstract: An improved dual-mode electron gun includes a close-in and a further control grid to control the laminar flow of electrons which pass from the smooth spherical surface of a cathode toward an annular anode. In the high mode of operation, the close-in grid is maintained, for example, at +36 volts while the further grid is maintained at +250 volts. During the low mode of operation, the close-in grid is maintained at -36 volts while the further grid potential is +250 volts. The two control grids are divided into inner circular and an outer annular areas. The close-in grid has more conductive elements in its outer annular area than in the same area of the further grid. The two grids are then aligned so that the close-in grid functions as a control grid to block the flow of electrons from the outer annular area during the low mode of operation and as a shadow grid for the further control grid during both low and high modes of operation.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electron gun comprising a cathode, a first apertured anode spaced from said cathode and operated at a potential of between 5 and 30 volts positive with respect to the cathode. The gun further comprises a second apertured anode spaced from the first anode and operating at a potential of between 100 and 400 volts positive with respect to the cathode to produce a lens field in the region between the anodes which focusses the electrons emitted from the cathode at a crossover therebetween. The cross-section of the beam produced by the gun is determined by the size of the aperture in the second anode and the beam current may be varied by changing the voltage on the first anode to thereby move the crossover closer to or further away from the second anode so that a larger or smaller portion, respectively, of the electrons in the beam passes through the aperture. Alternatively, a beam-limiting element, separate from the second anode, may be used.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube light ray source uses only a single current control electrode between the cathode and anode, and the aperture in the electrode is between 1 mm and 3 mm in diameter. The distance from cathode to current control electrode is also between 1 mm and 3 mm. The anode is preferably a graphite film deposited on the interior of the envelope and extending over the entire distance from the current control electrode to the fluorescent screen.

Abstract: For reducing as much as possible the dimension of converging electron beams, at their point of minimum section, the invention provides in this zone an ionic charge counterbalancing the space charge of the beam, by means of an equipotential electrode disposed about this point. Said electrode is the tube in the figure. When further modulation is applied to the beam, the electrode which ensures it is placed after it in the path thereof.

Abstract: A high-performance bipotential-type electron gun comprises a series of electrodes aligned in spaced relation on an axis. The gun has in the order named lower end means including a cathode, and an apertured plate control electrode and grid electrode. An entry angle control electrode is located between the lower end electrodes and the main focus lens. The main focus lens includes a focusing electrode and a final accelerating electrode. The electron gun according to the invention is defined in terms of dimensions, electrical potentials and ratios thereof which are effective to provide an electron gun of particular suitability for use in projection cathode ray tubes.

Abstract: An auxiliary grid which is formed with one or more elongated slits through which pass electron beams is disposed in a prefocusing system in a cathode-ray tube, and a dynamic voltage which varies in level with increase in horizontal deflection angle is applied to the auxiliary grid so that axial asymmetry of the prefocusing system can be increased with increase in the horizontal deflection angle. As a consequence, the beam spot can be maintained substantially in the form of a true circle not only at the center of the screen but also at the portions adjacent to the peripheries thereof. Thus, the resolution at the portions adjacent to the peripheries of the screen can be improved and consequently high-quality images can be represented over the whole surface of the screen.

Abstract: A high-resolution color television electron gun is disclosed for use in a high-brightness cathode ray tube having an unsegmented cathodoluminescent screen for producing a monochromatic image. The electron gun provides three horizontally oriented in-line beams lying in the deflection plane of the tube and converged into substantial coincidence on the screen. The diameters of the beams and hence resolution of the monochromatic image is inversely related to the magnitude of the beam currents. The gun includes associated cathode means and grid electrode means for forming each of the beams. A main focus lens for each of the beams includes at least a focusing electrode and an accelerating electrode for receiving a predetermined pattern of applied voltages for establishing beam-forming and accelerating electrostatic fields. The magnitude of the applied voltages are such that the beam currents are relatively low providing for small beam diameters and consequent high resolution.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electron gun comprising a cathode, a first apertured anode spaced from said cathode and operated at a potential of between 5 and 30 volts positive with respect to the cathode. The gun further comprises a second apertured anode spaced from the first anode and operating at a potential of between 100 and 400 volts positive with respect to the cathode to produce a lens field in the region between the anodes which focusses the electrons emitted from the cathode at a cross-over therebetween. The cross-section of the beam produced by the gun is determined by the size of the aperture in the second anode and the beam current may be varied by changing the voltage on the first anode to thereby move the cross-over closer to or further away from the second anode so that a larger or smaller portion, respectively, of the electrons in the beam passes through the aperture.

Abstract: An electron gun comprises an astigmatic beam forming means including a cathode, a control grid, a first screen grid electrode having a horizontally elongated rectangular aperture, and a second screen grid electrode having a circular aperture. In operation, the second screen grid is energized with a DC bias voltage and the control grid and first screen grid is energized with a DC bias superposed with a substantially parabolically shaped dynamic signal synchronized with either or both the horizontal and vertical deflection signals. Thus, the astigmatic optics of the beam forming means varies in strength in phase with the beam scan so as to provide optimum correction for flare distortion of the electron beam.

Abstract: An electron gun assembly of a cathode ray tube comprises in the order named, a cathode, an apertured modulator electrode, a first and a second apertured anode and a third cylindrical focussing anode. The modulator electrode and the first anode are supplied with such potentials as to form a crossover of electrons therebetween and the second anode is supplied with such a lower positive potential than at the adjacent first and third anodes that the electron stream emitted from the cathode is formed into a narrow beam of electrons and is allowed to enter the third anode at a small angle of beam spread and comes to a focus on the screen of the tube by the third anode to produce a spot of small cross-sectional area.

Abstract: The disclosed electron gun comprises a main focussing electron lens formed of three aligned grids and an acceleration electron lens preceding the main electron lens and formed of the first two of those grids or of the first one of those grids and another grid preceding it. The acceleration lens is disposed at such a position that the principal plane of the object space of the lens is located adjacent to the virtual object point of the outermost electron ray of the electron beam incident upon the lens. The lengths of the grids forming both lens are described.

Abstract: Electron optics apparatus, for use in electron-beam lithography, electron-beam-addressable memory tubes and the like, utilizes a tri-potential collimating condenser lens and a multi-element matrix lens of the "flys eye" type with coarse deflection elements positioned therebetween to deflect the collimated electron beam from the condenser lens to the appropriate aperture in the matrix of lenslets. The condenser lens electrode and matrix lens electrode closest to one another, as well as the coarse deflection electrodes therebetween, are substantially the only elements in the apparatus which float at a relatively high electrical potential, thereby simplifying the requirements of peripheral circuitry while retaining the advantages of the "flys eye" matrix lens.

Abstract: An electrostatic beam deflection system is provided for use in electron beam devices. In the present system several grids and an accelerating electrode are geometrically configured to direct positive ions away from an electron emitter surface. These positive ions are typically formed by interaction of the electrons emitted from the emitter surface with a gas ambient or with species adsorbed on the various grids and electrodes. Degradation of the electron emitter surface is thereby reduced, and the lifetime of the emitter concomitantly extended.

Abstract: An electron gun system is described for generating a high current collimated beam of electrons for use in a shaped beam cathode ray tube system. The electron gun includes a cathode having an electron emitting surface for generating free electrons, a collimating grid axially spaced from the cathode and having a central aperture, and a control grid axially spaced from the collimating grid and having a central aperture axially aligned with the aperture of the collimating grid. The control grid receives a varying potential for establishing an electric field which is substantially axial over at least a central portion of the electron beam so as to collimate the beam axially.

Abstract: At least one of the focusing electrodes stages disposed between an acceleration electrodes stage and a rear focusing electrodes stage is constituted by first and second grid electrodes, confronting portions thereof having asymmetrical construction with respect to an electron beam axis. A constant focusing voltage is applied to the first grid electrode, and a dynamic focusing voltage gradually increasing or decreasing from the constant focusing voltage as the degree of beam deflection increases is applied to the second grid electrode.